CN110576253A - 一种CuCrZr合金的搅拌摩擦焊接方法 - Google Patents

一种CuCrZr合金的搅拌摩擦焊接方法 Download PDF

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CN110576253A
CN110576253A CN201910798356.7A CN201910798356A CN110576253A CN 110576253 A CN110576253 A CN 110576253A CN 201910798356 A CN201910798356 A CN 201910798356A CN 110576253 A CN110576253 A CN 110576253A
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常永勤
崔博然
郭远航
李明洋
胡佩
张旖珉
刘栋
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University of Science and Technology Beijing USTB
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B23K20/123Controlling or monitoring the welding process
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/12Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
    • B23K20/122Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
    • B23K20/1245Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
    • B23K20/1255Tools therefor, e.g. characterised by the shape of the probe
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/22Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/24Preliminary treatment

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
  • Arc Welding In General (AREA)

Abstract

一种CuCrZr合金的搅拌摩擦焊接方法,属于高强高导金属材料焊接领域。本发明首先对待焊板材进行焊前预处理,并采用固定装置将待焊板材装夹在焊接平台上,然后调整焊接参数进行焊接。待焊接件冷却至室温后,拆除固定装置,得到焊接件。采用本发明其焊缝强度可达母材强度的97%以上;焊件不存在气孔、夹杂、裂纹等缺陷;焊接过程中污染少,保证了焊缝组织不掺杂其他元素,焊后热应力小;操作简单,污染少,焊接效率高。

Description

一种CuCrZr合金的搅拌摩擦焊接方法
技术领域
本发明涉及金属材料的焊接技术,尤其是涉及一种CuCrZr合金的搅拌摩擦焊接方法。
背景技术
CuCrZr合金具有高的强度、硬度,良好的导电、导热性及耐腐蚀性,广泛应用于工业领域,例如可以用作电阻焊电极、集成电路引线框架以及作为国际热核反应堆的热沉材料等。目前,主要采用电子束焊、钨极氩弧焊、钎焊的方法实现CuCrZr合金结构件的连接。由于CuCrZr合金具有高的热扩散率、流动性好等特点,采用熔化焊的方法在CuCrZr的焊缝中极易出现气孔、冷热裂纹和夹杂等缺陷,严重影响了CuCrZr合金焊接件的连接质量。如采用电子束焊接工艺焊接CuCrZr合金,焊缝存在热裂纹和孔洞等缺陷(Durocher A,Ayrault D.CuCrZr alloy hot craking during electron beam welding[J].Nucl Mater,367 (2007)1208-1212.);采用钨极氩弧焊焊接CuCrZr时,由于焊接总热输入量较大,焊核区晶粒长大严重,接头综合性能较差(龚晶晶.Cr-Zr-Cu铜合金的TIG焊及焊后热处理对接头组 织与性能的影响[D].江苏:江苏科技大学,2009.);钎焊的工艺参数难控制,钎焊温度过高或保温时间过长,钎料会向CuCrZr中毛细渗入严重,焊缝会出现孔洞,接头强度低(邹坤,王 海龙.Al2O3弥散强化铜和CuCrZr合金的真空钎焊及热处理一体化工艺研究[J].热加工工 艺,39(2010)149-152.)。
搅拌摩擦焊是一种新发展的固相连接技术,其焊接接头表面成型美观、内部无孔洞、裂纹等缺陷。焊核区易形成细化、致密的微观组织。接头的疲劳性能、拉伸性能和弯曲性能良好,焊后残余应力和变形小,焊接时无烟尘、无飞溅,无需焊丝,是一种适用性很好的焊接方法。虽然目前已有CuCrZr合金搅拌摩擦焊接技术的相关报道,但是其还存在连接强度不高的问题,焊缝强度仅能达到母材强度的60%左右(Kaushal J,Santosh K.Friction stir welding(FSW)of aged CuCrZr alloy plates[J].Metallurgical And Materials transaction A,49 A(2018)233.)。本申请专利提供了一种焊接CuCrZr合金的FSW技术,对FSW焊接参数、母材放置位置、搅拌头参数等进行严格的配合设计。获得的CuCrZr的焊缝强度达到母材强度的97%以上。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种CuCrZr合金的焊接方法。采用搅拌摩擦焊的焊接方法,实现CuCrZr的有效连接,获得无裂纹、无孔洞等缺陷的焊接接头,并且接头强度高。
一种CuCrZr合金的搅拌摩擦焊接方法,其特征在于首先对待焊板材进行焊前预处理,并采用固定装置将待焊板材装夹在焊接平台上,然后调整焊接参数进行焊接,待焊接件冷却至室温后,拆除固定装置,得到焊接件。
进一步地,所述待焊板材的焊前预处理是用砂纸打磨待焊板材的对接面以及搅拌头的轴肩接触表面,直到表面露出金属光泽;然后用丙酮、酒精清洗,去除表面油污。
进一步地,所述采用固定装置将待焊板材装夹在焊接台上是指使两块板材的待焊面相接触形成对接接头,装夹完成后,保证两块板子对接面的缝隙值不超过0.5mm。
进一步地,所述调整焊接参数为轴肩下压量为0.1-0.2mm,偏移量为0,焊接移动速度为30-60mm/min,搅拌头转动速度为800-2000rpm。
进一步地,所述拆除夹紧装置是按照与装夹相反的顺序进行拆除。
进一步地,所述搅拌头的各参数选择为轴肩直径为12mm,焊针的长度为1.9mm,搅拌头形状为圆柱形,搅拌头的材质为316不锈钢。
进一步地,所述固定装置包括垫板、压条、垫块和紧固螺栓组成,板材前后顶紧的侧向顶紧夹具,左右两侧的长嘴形顶紧夹具,以及板材上方的长条压紧夹具。
本发明的优点在于:
1.提供了一种焊接CuCrZr合金的FSW技术,其焊缝强度可达母材强度的97%以上;
2.本发明焊接过程中采用合理的焊接参数,焊件不存在气孔、夹杂、裂纹等缺陷;焊接过程中污染少,保证了焊缝组织不掺杂其他元素,焊后热应力小;
3.操作简单,污染少,焊接效率高。
附图说明
图1为CuCrZr合金搅拌摩擦焊接过程示意图。
图2为实施例1焊缝的宏观形貌图。
图3为实施例1焊后焊缝强度图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
本实施例中,待焊件为2mm厚的CuCrZr合金板材,焊接步骤如下:
1.用砂纸打磨待焊接板材的对接面及轴肩接触的母材表面,直到表面完全露出金属光泽,再用丙酮、酒精清洗,去除其表面油污;
2.采用固定装置将待焊接的两块板材装夹在焊接平台上,并使两个待焊板材的焊接部位相接触,保证拼接缝隙小于0.5mm;
3.使搅拌头的搅拌针对准两个待焊板材的焊接部位(如图1所示),调整搅拌头参数,轴肩下压量为0.15mm,偏移量为0mm,焊接移动速度为40mm/min,搅拌头转动速度为1200rpm;
4.待两个铜合金构件冷却至室温后,以与装夹顺序相反的顺序拆卸装夹装置,得到铜合金板材的焊接件;
5.焊后板材表面质量良好,无明显的表面焊接缺陷(如图2),内部无孔洞等缺陷;通过拉伸实验测试焊件的力学性能,结果表明接头强度达到母材强度的97%(如图3),说明在此焊接工艺下焊接接头的力学性能非常理想。
实施例2
本实施例中,待焊件为2mm厚的CuCrZr合金板材,焊接步骤如下:
1.用砂纸打磨待焊接板材的对接面及轴肩接触的母材表面,直到表面完全露出金属光泽,再用丙酮、酒精清洗,去除其表面油污;
2.采用固定装置将待焊接的两块板材装夹在焊接平台上,并使两个待焊板材的焊接部位相接触,保证拼接缝隙小于0.5mm;
3.调整搅拌头参数,轴肩下压量为0.15mm,偏移量为0mm,焊接移动速度为50mm/min,搅拌头转动速度为1200rpm;
4.待两个铜合金构件冷却至室温后,以与装夹顺序相反的顺序拆卸装夹装置,得到铜合金板材的焊接件;
5.焊后板材表面质量良好,无明显的表面焊接缺陷,内部无孔洞等缺陷;通过拉伸实验测试焊件的力学性能,结果表明接头强度达到母材强度的93%,说明在此焊接工艺下焊接接头的力学性能非常理想。
实施例3
本实施例中,待焊件为2mm厚的CuCrZr合金板材,焊接步骤如下:
1.用砂纸打磨待焊接板材的对接面及轴肩接触的母材表面,直到表面完全露出金属光泽,再用丙酮、酒精清洗,去除其表面油污;
2.采用固定装置将待焊接的两块板材装夹在焊接平台上,并使两个待焊板材的焊接部位相接触,保证拼接缝隙小于0.5mm;
3.调整搅拌头参数,轴肩下压量为1.8mm,偏移量为0mm,焊接移动速度为30mm/min,搅拌头转动速度为1000rpm;
4.待两个铜合金构件冷却至室温后,以与装夹顺序相反的顺序拆卸装夹装置,得到铜合金板材的焊接件;
5.焊后板材表面质量良好,无明显的表面焊接缺陷,内部无孔洞等缺陷;通过拉伸实验测试焊件的力学性能,结果表明接头强度达到母材强度的90%,说明在此焊接工艺下焊接接头的力学性能非常理想。

Claims (7)

1.一种CuCrZr合金的搅拌摩擦焊接方法,其特征在于首先对待焊板材进行焊前预处理,并采用固定装置将待焊板材装夹在焊接平台上,然后调整焊接参数进行焊接,待焊接件冷却至室温后,拆除固定装置,得到焊接件。
2.如权利要求1所述的CuCrZr合金的搅拌摩擦焊接方法,其特征在于,所述待焊板材的焊前预处理是用砂纸打磨待焊板材的对接面以及搅拌头的轴肩接触表面,直到表面露出金属光泽;然后用丙酮、酒精清洗,去除表面油污。
3.如权利要求1所述的CuCrZr合金的搅拌摩擦焊接方法,其特征在于,所述采用固定装置将待焊板材装夹在焊接台上是指使两块板材的待焊面相接触形成对接接头,装夹完成后,保证两块板子对接面的缝隙值不超过0.5mm。
4.如权利要求1所述的CuCrZr合金的搅拌摩擦焊接方法,其特征在于,所述调整焊接参数为轴肩下压量为0.1-0.2mm,偏移量为0,焊接移动速度为30-60mm/min,搅拌头转动速度为800-2000rpm。
5.如权利要求1所述的CuCrZr合金的搅拌摩擦焊接方法,其特征在于,所述拆除夹紧装置是按照与装夹相反的顺序进行拆除。
6.如权利要求2所述的CuCrZr合金的搅拌摩擦焊接方法,其特征在于,所述搅拌头的各参数选择为轴肩直径为12mm,焊针的长度为1.9mm,搅拌头形状为圆柱形,搅拌头的材质为316不锈钢。
7.如权利要求1或3所述的CuCrZr合金的搅拌摩擦焊接方法,其特征在于,所述固定装置包括垫板、压条、垫块和紧固螺栓组成,板材前后顶紧的侧向顶紧夹具,左右两侧的长嘴形顶紧夹具,以及板材上方的长条压紧夹具。
CN201910798356.7A 2019-08-27 2019-08-27 一种CuCrZr合金的搅拌摩擦焊接方法 Pending CN110576253A (zh)

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