CN110576149A - Layered curing composite molding process for precoated sand - Google Patents
Layered curing composite molding process for precoated sand Download PDFInfo
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- CN110576149A CN110576149A CN201910991672.6A CN201910991672A CN110576149A CN 110576149 A CN110576149 A CN 110576149A CN 201910991672 A CN201910991672 A CN 201910991672A CN 110576149 A CN110576149 A CN 110576149A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C15/00—Moulding machines characterised by the compacting mechanism; Accessories therefor
- B22C15/23—Compacting by gas pressure or vacuum
- B22C15/24—Compacting by gas pressure or vacuum involving blowing devices in which the mould material is supplied in the form of loose particles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/12—Treating moulds or cores, e.g. drying, hardening
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a precoated sand layered curing composite molding process, and belongs to the technical field of precoated sand molding processes for casting. According to the invention, the finished sand mold structure is divided into a plurality of layers by a molding time-division hierarchical curing principle, and precoated sand products with different performances can be applied to different layers; the quality of the sand mold of the sand in the contact layer with the casting is improved, the performance of the sand mold of the non-contact surface or the non-important part of the casting is properly reduced, the quality of the cast product is improved, and the cost of the sand mold is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
the invention relates to the technical field of precoated sand mold making for casting, in particular to a layered curing composite mold making process for precoated sand.
background
The precoated sand casting process is one of casting processes widely applied in the casting industry, and is mainly characterized by small investment, high production efficiency, flexible product structure and the like. At present, the production process of precoated sand molding in the casting industry is that each molding machine is provided with a sand storage bin, and sand molding is prepared by one-time sand shooting; although the casting process can meet the production requirement of common castings, the casting process cannot meet the production requirement of some products with special requirements, such as: the sand mold is required to have high compactness, high air permeability, high heat conductivity, high temperature resistance and the like, and low cost, and if the mold is produced by adopting single coated sand, the sand mold has high cost and other defects are easily generated on a casting.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the existing casting and molding technology, the invention aims to provide a precoated sand layered curing composite molding process, wherein precoated sand with different performances is added into a cavity of a corresponding movable mold according to different performance requirements in a layered manner during casting and molding, and is cured in a layered manner to obtain a composite sand mold; the process can improve the performance of the contact surface between the sand mold and the casting, properly reduce the performance of the sand mold on the non-contact surface or the non-important part of the casting, reduce the casting cost and improve the product quality.
in order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a precoated sand layered curing composite molding process takes precoated sand as a raw material, a core shooter is used for core making and molding, a layered curing mode is adopted in the core making and molding process to prepare a multilayer composite sand mold, and the multilayer composite sand mold comprises a curing layer I and a curing layer II; the process specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of a solidified layer in direct contact with the casting i:
The average fineness (AFS value) of the precoated sand is 80-100, the curing temperature is 130-150 ℃, and the curing time is 300-320 seconds;
(2) preparing an outermost solidified layer II of the composite sand mold which is not in direct contact with the casting:
the average fineness (AFS value) of the precoated sand is 30-50, the curing temperature is 300-320 ℃, and the curing time is 30-40 seconds.
The thickness of the cured layer I is 1-5 mm, and the thickness of the cured layer II is 10-50 mm.
one or more intermediate curing layers are compounded between the curing layer I and the curing layer II, and when the intermediate curing layers are prepared: average fineness of precoated sand (AFS value): 20-100, mold temperature (curing temperature): 130 ℃ and 320 ℃, and the curing time is 30-350 seconds. The molding technical parameters and precoated sand performance parameters of each cured layer are as follows:
Sand shooting pressure: 0.25-0.65 MPa;
Coated sand tensile strength: 1.5 to 5.0 MPa;
bending strength of precoated sand: 3-13 MPa;
gas evolution of precoated sand: 6-30 mL/g;
firing and reducing precoated sand: 1.0 to 4.0.
The process is carried out by adopting molding equipment, wherein the molding equipment comprises a core shooting machine and a mould, the core shooting machine comprises at least two sand bins, and an outlet at the bottom of each sand bin is communicated with a sand shooting port; the mould comprises a static mould and at least two movable moulds, each movable mould can independently act and can form a mould cavity with a required structure after being matched with the static mould, and the number of the movable moulds is the same as that of the sand bins; each die cavity can be moved to the position right below a needed sand silo according to the requirement, and the coated sand is added into the sand silo.
in the process of the composite molding process, the sand storage in different sand bins and the movable mold switching for multiple times can be switched according to the performance requirements of each solidified layer of the sand mold, and one sand shooting molding action is completed after the movable mold is switched for each time, so that the precoated sand is solidified for multiple times, and the layered composite sand mold with different performance requirements is obtained.
In the process of the composite molding process, molding can be carried out twice or for many times according to needs, so that the properties of each layer in the finally obtained multilayer composite sand mold are different.
in the composite molding process, the sand shooting pressure can be controlled according to the requirement, and the sand shooting pressure of each layer can be independently adjusted.
In the composite molding process, the temperature of the mold can be controlled as required, and the temperature of the mold on each layer can be independently and accurately adjusted.
In the composite molding process, the type and technical parameters of the precoated sand used by each layer of cured layer are set according to specific requirements and can be independently set and adjusted.
The design principle of the invention is as follows:
only one precoated sand product can be used in the traditional molding process, and the requirement of diversification of sand mold performance cannot be met; according to the invention, the molding equipment is improved, and the molding equipment is provided with at least two sand bins and a plurality of movable molds, so that the precoated sand products with various performances can be used in one sand mold, the sand is added for multiple times for solidification to prepare the multilayer composite sand mold, and various performance parameters of the precoated sand products applied to the sand mold can be selected widely.
according to the invention, the sand moulds of the same casting sand mould and the contact surface and non-contact surface of the casting are finely designed, the performance requirements of the same sand mould are diversified according to the quality requirements of casting products, and the coated sand products with different performances are used aiming at the sand moulds with diversified performance requirements; if the contact layer with the casting needs high density and the high surface smoothness of the cast product is ensured, the average fineness (AFS value) of the precoated sand product with the thickness of 1-5 mm of the contact layer with the casting can be used: 80-100, the compactness and compactness of the sand mold curing layer I are improved, the surface smoothness of a cast product is ensured, and the curing time is as follows: 300-: the product with the temperature of 130-150 ℃ ensures that the solidified layer I is continuously contacted with the static mold when the solidified layer II (or the middle solidified layer) is prepared, and the phenomenon of sand mold overburning can not occur; the average fineness (AFS value) of the precoated sand product is 30-50, the curing temperature is 300-320 ℃, the curing time is 30-40 seconds, and the coarse-grained product ensures the air permeability of the composite sand mold; thus, the composite sand mold with high compactness and high air permeability is obtained, and the quality of cast products can be effectively improved.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. In the composite sand mold prepared by the invention, the quality of the solidified layer I directly contacted with the casting can be improved so as to ensure the product quality; the precoated sand product with moderate workability performance of the intermediate curing layer and the curing layer II which are not in contact with the cast product can reduce the overall cost of the cast sand mold material.
2. The layered curing composite core can obviously improve the performance of the sand mold (for example, the sand mold has high density and high air permeability), and can obviously improve the quality of cast products aiming at some cast products with harsh requirements on the quality of the sand mold.
drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a core-making apparatus used in the process of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a multi-layer composite sand mold prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For further understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described with reference to the following examples, which are provided for the purpose of further illustrating the features and advantages of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention as claimed.
The traditional molding equipment only has a single sand silo and a set of dies, and the structure of the precoated sand molding equipment used in the precoated sand layering curing composite molding process provided by the invention is shown in figure 1 (with two sand silos). The molding equipment comprises a core shooting machine and a mold, wherein the core shooting machine comprises at least two sand bins, and an outlet at the bottom of each sand bin is communicated with a sand shooting port; the mould comprises a static mould and at least two movable moulds, each movable mould can independently act and can form a mould cavity with a required structure after being matched with the static mould, and the number of the movable moulds is the same as that of the sand bins; each mold cavity can be moved to the position right below a needed sand silo (or the sand silo can be moved) according to the needs, and coated sand is added into the sand silo.
The precoated sand layered curing composite molding process flow carried out by the improved molding equipment comprises the following steps: the casting and molding process is finely divided, the sand mold structure is divided into a curing layer I, one or more intermediate curing layers (or none) and a curing layer II, a precoated sand product with proper performance is selected, molding process parameters matched with the precoated sand product are set, and the precoated sand product meeting the requirements is added into a sand storage bin according to the requirements.
For example, when the solidified layer I is molded, a precoated sand product in the sand bin 1 in the figure 1 is used, the movable mold is switched to mold the solidified layer II and the like, and finally the composite sand core is prepared; the specific process comprises the following steps:
the size (thickness) of the sand mold of the curing layer I is considered according to the quality requirement of the casting product during the preparation of the sand mold, and the curing layer I is in direct contact with the casting product, so that the used precoated sand product has the characteristic of low curing speed, and the sand mold is not over-sintered when the mold is prepared under the conditions that the mold temperature is 130-; the coating sand product with high curing speed is used as far as possible in the curing layer II, and the curing layer II can be cured quickly under the conditions that the mold temperature is 300-320 ℃ and the curing time is 30-40 seconds; according to the design scheme, the curing level and the precoated sand products matched with each layer need to be considered, the appropriate precoated sand products are added into the matched sand storage bins, the parameters such as the temperature of the movable mold and the static mold, the curing time and the like are set, the curing layer I is manufactured by adding sand once, the movable mold is switched to add sand again to manufacture the curing layer II, and the like; and (3) preparing a multi-layer composite sand mold by layering and curing, wherein the molding technical parameters and the precoated sand performance technical parameters are as follows:
temperature of the die: 130-320 ℃;
Curing time: 30 s-350 s;
Sand shooting pressure: 0.25-0.65 MPa;
coated sand tensile strength: 1.5 to 5.0 MPa;
Bending strength of precoated sand: 3-13 MPa;
average fineness of precoated sand (AFS value): 20-100 parts of;
Gas evolution of precoated sand: 6-30 mL/g; (ii) a
firing and reducing precoated sand: 1.0 to 4.0.
The specific process of the precoated sand layered curing composite molding process is as follows:
(1) and (3) process confirmation: the casting process of the product is first confirmed.
(2) Sand selection: selecting a precoated sand product with proper performance, and selecting the precoated sand product required by each curing layer according to the performance requirement of a cast product, wherein the general precoated sand performance can be roughly divided into: high fire resistance, high density, high strength, high air permeability and the like.
(3) Molding: in placing the storage sand storehouse respectively with tectorial membrane sand product of different properties, use quiet mould and movable mould I to add sand and make sand mould solidification layer I, reuse quiet mould and movable mould II to add sand and make sand mould solidification layer II and obtain compound sand mould.
comparative example 1
the sand mold prepared by using single precoated sand is used for producing a certain casting product:
(1) The precoated sand product with the average fineness (AFS value) of 50-60 is used for preparing a sand mold, the surface finish of the obtained casting is poor, and the casting cannot meet the requirements of customers;
(2) in order to solve the problem of surface smoothness, after the average fineness (AFS value) of the precoated sand product is adjusted to 70-80, the air permeability of the sand mold is obviously reduced, the air permeability is reduced to 80 from 140, and the defect fraction defective of pores of the casting product is as high as 30%.
Example 1
in this example, a molding apparatus in fig. 1 is used, and a layered curing composite molding process is used to prepare a composite sand mold, the process is as follows:
(1) Preparation of a solidified layer in direct contact with the casting i: selecting precoated sand product with average fineness (AFS value) of 80-90, curing temperature of 135 ℃, and curing time of 310 seconds; the thickness of the cured layer I is 5 mm;
(2) Preparing an outermost solidified layer II of the composite sand mold which is not in direct contact with the casting: the average fineness (AFS value) of the precoated sand is 30-40, the curing temperature is 310 ℃, and the curing time is 36 seconds; the thickness of the cured layer II was 15 mm.
In the composite sand mold of the embodiment, no intermediate cured layer is arranged (fig. 2), and other molding technical parameters and precoated sand performance parameters of the cured layer I and the cured layer II are as follows:
Sand shooting pressure: 0.5 MPa;
Coated sand tensile strength: 3.0 MPa;
bending strength of precoated sand: 10 MPa;
Gas evolution of precoated sand: 6-30 mL/g;
Firing and reducing precoated sand: 1.0 to 4.0.
The casting produced by the composite sand mold prepared by the embodiment can reduce the casting pore defects of the product to be within 5%, the surface finish of the casting can meet the requirements of customers, the quality of the casting product can be obviously improved compared with the sand mold in the step (1) of the comparative example 1, and the production cost can be reduced by 20% compared with the sand mold in the step (2) of the comparative example 1.
In the embodiment, the average fineness (AFS value) of the precoated sand product used in the sand layer (solidified layer I) in contact with the casting is adjusted to 80-90, so that the density of the sand mold is ensured, and the problem of surface smoothness of the casting is solved; meanwhile, the average fineness (AFS value) of a precoated sand product used by the sand layer (solidified layer II) on the non-contact surface of the casting is adjusted to 30-40, coarse sand is selected to ensure the air permeability of the sand mold, the defect of pores of the casting is effectively reduced, and the effect of solving the problem of surface smoothness of the casting and reducing the defect of pores is finally realized.
Comparative example 2:
A certain cast product adopts a single precoated sand production process:
(1) When the surface layer of a certain cast product is produced by using common natural silica sand coated sand, the surface hardness does not meet the requirement, and the metallographic structure is unqualified.
(2) When the chromite coated sand is used for production, the surface hardness meets the requirement, and the metallographic structure is qualified.
(3) The production cost of using 100% chromite coated sand is too high, resulting in the production of the product in a non-profit state.
example 2:
after confirming the casting process of the product, adopting a layered curing composite molding process:
(1) Preparing a solidified layer I with the thickness of 10mm by using chromite coated sand, wherein the solidification temperature is 135 ℃, and the solidification time is 310 seconds; sand shooting pressure: 0.6 MPa;
(2) preparing a curing layer II with the thickness of 10mm by using common natural silica sand coated sand, wherein the curing temperature is 310 ℃, and the curing time is 36 seconds; sand shooting pressure: 0.6 MPa.
The composite sand mold of this example has no intermediate cured layer.
when the sand mold prepared by the embodiment is used for producing the casting product, the surface hardness of the casting meets the requirement, and the metallographic structure is qualified.
Comparative example 2 and comparative example 2: according to the embodiment, more than 50% of sand molds are changed from chromite precoated sand to common natural silica sand precoated sand, the market price of the chromite sand (raw sand is not coated) is 4000 yuan per ton, the cost of single ton of precoated sand is reduced by more than 50%, the casting cost is effectively reduced, and the quality of castings is ensured.
Claims (10)
1. A precoated sand layered curing composite molding process is characterized in that: the process comprises the steps of taking precoated sand as a raw material, using a core shooter to carry out core making and forming, and adopting a layered curing mode to prepare a multilayer composite sand mold in the core making and forming process, wherein the multilayer composite sand mold comprises a curing layer I and a curing layer II; the process specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation of a solidified layer in direct contact with the casting i:
the average fineness of the precoated sand is 80-100 ℃, the curing temperature is 130-150 ℃, and the curing time is 300-320 seconds;
(2) preparing an outermost solidified layer II of the composite sand mold which is not in direct contact with the casting:
The average fineness of the precoated sand is 30-500, the curing temperature is 300-320 ℃, and the curing time is 30-40 seconds.
2. the precoated sand hierarchical curing composite molding process according to claim 1, characterized in that: the thickness of the cured layer I is 1-5 mm, and the thickness of the cured layer II is 10-50 mm.
3. the precoated sand hierarchical curing composite molding process according to claim 1, characterized in that: one or more intermediate curing layers are compounded between the curing layer I and the curing layer II, and when the intermediate curing layers are prepared: average fineness of precoated sand: 20-100, mold temperature: 130 ℃ and 320 ℃, and the curing time is 30-350 seconds.
4. the precoated sand layered curing composite molding process according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: the molding technical parameters and precoated sand performance parameters of each cured layer are as follows:
Sand shooting pressure: 0.25-0.65 MPa;
coated sand tensile strength: 1.5 to 5.0 MPa;
bending strength of precoated sand: 3-13 MPa;
Gas evolution of precoated sand: 6-30 mL/g;
firing and reducing precoated sand: 1.0 to 4.0.
5. the precoated sand layered curing composite molding process according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: the process is carried out by adopting molding equipment, wherein the molding equipment comprises a core shooter and a mould, the core shooter comprises at least two sand bins, and an outlet at the bottom of each sand bin is communicated with a sand shooting port; the mould comprises a static mould and at least two movable moulds, each movable mould can independently act and can form a mould cavity with a required structure after being matched with the static mould, and the number of the movable moulds is the same as that of the sand bins; each die cavity can be moved to the position right below a needed sand silo according to the requirement, and the coated sand is added into the sand silo.
6. The precoated sand hierarchical curing composite molding process according to claim 5, characterized in that: in the process of the composite molding process, the sand storage in different sand bins and the movable mold switching for multiple times can be switched according to the performance requirements of each solidified layer of the sand mold, and one sand shooting molding action is completed after the movable mold is switched for each time, so that the precoated sand is solidified for multiple times, and the layered composite sand mold with different performance requirements is obtained.
7. The precoated sand hierarchical curing composite molding process according to claim 5, characterized in that: in the process of the composite molding process, molding can be carried out twice or for many times according to needs, so that the properties of each layer in the finally obtained multilayer composite sand mold are different.
8. the precoated sand hierarchical curing composite molding process according to claim 5, characterized in that: in the composite molding process, the sand shooting pressure can be controlled according to the requirement, and the sand shooting pressure of each layer can be independently adjusted.
9. The precoated sand hierarchical curing composite molding process according to claim 5, characterized in that: in the composite molding process, the temperature of the mold can be controlled as required, and the temperature of the mold on each layer can be independently and accurately adjusted.
10. The precoated sand hierarchical curing composite molding process according to claim 5, characterized in that: in the composite molding process, the type and technical parameters of the precoated sand used by each layer of cured layer are set according to specific requirements and can be independently set and adjusted.
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| CN201910991672.6A CN110576149A (en) | 2019-10-18 | 2019-10-18 | Layered curing composite molding process for precoated sand |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114130962A (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2022-03-04 | 江苏新韦尔新材料有限公司 | Laminated injection molding method for precoated sand shell |
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Application publication date: 20191217 |