CN110575209A

CN110575209A - Neurosurgery posterior skull distraction drainage device

Info

Publication number: CN110575209A
Application number: CN201910686593.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王涛; 李辉
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2019-07-29
Filing date: 2019-07-29
Publication date: 2019-12-17

Abstract

The invention discloses a neurosurgery posterior skull distraction drainage device, which comprises a supporting mechanism, a distraction mechanism and a drainage mechanism, wherein the supporting mechanism comprises a U-shaped frame, a hydraulic cylinder, a bottom plate, an electric push rod, a sleeve, a rotating shaft and a driving motor; the opening mechanism comprises an adjusting part and a pair of opening parts, the adjusting part comprises a U-shaped seat, an L-shaped fixed rod, a stepping motor, a screw rod and a sliding block, and the opening parts comprise a hinged chain, a first sliding cylinder, a first spring rod, a second sliding cylinder, a second spring rod, a sliding rod and a reset spring; the drainage mechanism comprises a telescopic rod, a drainage tube, a liquid pump, a liquid collection box, a spring locking bolt and a fixing ring. By adopting the supporting mechanism, the spreading mechanism and the drainage mechanism, the invention can effectively spread and fixedly support the surgical incision of the patient, can effectively avoid tearing the skin of the patient in the process of spreading the surgical incision of the patient, and can effectively drain the effusion in the incision of the patient.

Description

Neurosurgery posterior skull distraction drainage device

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of medical instruments, in particular to a neurosurgery posterior skull distraction drainage device.

background

Neurosurgery is a branch of surgery, and is based on surgery as a main treatment means in the neurosurgery, a unique neurosurgery research method is applied to research the injury, inflammation, tumor, deformity and certain genetic metabolic disorders or dysfunctional diseases of structures of human nervous systems, such as brain, spinal cord and peripheral nervous systems, and related auxiliary mechanisms, such as skull, scalp, cerebral vessels and meninges, so that intracranial surgery is often required for treating corresponding diseases in the neurosurgery.

In the operation of neurosurgery back cranium, often need use strutting arrangement and drainage device cooperation operation and use, but the most function singleness of current device can't combine the two, also can't satisfy the user demand of difference in the operation of back cranium.

The patent with application publication number CN 107823732A discloses a skull distraction drainage device for neurosurgery, which comprises a base, wherein the base is a U-shaped template, fixing plates are relatively fixed on the upper surfaces of two ends of the base, a rotating shaft is arranged in a shaft hole of the fixing plate, the structure is simple, the skull at an operation position is distracted by the integral fixation of the base through the opposite movement of two traction plates, intracranial blood seepage is drained into a negative pressure cylinder through a drainage tube and a negative pressure pump, the internal liquid of the negative pressure cylinder is effectively prevented from flowing downwards through the high position of a liquid outlet of the drainage tube, the deflection angle of an arm plate can be adjusted, the position of a sliding seat on the arm plate can be adjusted, and simultaneously the heights of the traction plate and the drainage tube can also be correspondingly adjusted, so that the drainage tube safely enters the cranium and reaches the position with a designated depth, thereby improving the success rate of the operation and reducing the risk of complications, the working difficulty of medical staff is reduced; however, it has the following disadvantages: the arm plate is arc structure in this application, prop open the skull of operation position through the motion of lead plate, and the lead plate is whole along the arm plate motion, consequently in-process strutting the back skull, very easily block the edge of a knife position, easily reduce the convenience of doctor to near edge of a knife operation, and the lead plate does not possess buffer gear, very easily cause the tearing phenomenon of edge of a knife at the in-process that struts the back skull, this drainage device fixes on strutting the mechanism simultaneously, can't carry out angle modulation alone, can't satisfy the hydrops drainage under the inside complex construction of edge of a knife in the operation process, the whole suitability of device is not good.

Disclosure of Invention

1. technical problem to be solved

The invention aims to provide a neurosurgery posterior cranium strutting and drainage device which can effectively carry out fixed support and strutting on the incision of a patient subjected to a posterior cranium operation at different angles and different positions, can effectively avoid the device from tearing the skin of the patient in the process of strutting the incision of the patient, and can effectively drain effusion in the incision of the patient.

2. Technical scheme

in order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

A neurosurgical posterior skull distraction drainage device comprises a supporting mechanism, a distraction mechanism and a drainage mechanism, wherein the supporting mechanism comprises a U-shaped frame, a hydraulic cylinder, a bottom plate, an electric push rod, a sleeve, a rotating shaft and a driving motor, the hydraulic cylinder is vertically fixed in the center of one end of the top of the bottom plate, the top of the hydraulic cylinder is connected with the U-shaped frame, the driving motor is fixed on the outer side of one end of the U-shaped frame, the rotating shaft transversely penetrates through the center of the U-shaped frame, the sleeve is sleeved in the center of the rotating shaft, the output end of the driving motor extends to the center of the U-shaped frame and is fixed with a speed reducer, the output end of the speed reducer is fixedly connected with one end of the rotating shaft, the electric push rod is connected to the outer side of the sleeve;

The strutting mechanism comprises an adjusting part and a pair of strutting parts arranged on one side of the adjusting part, the adjusting part comprises a U-shaped seat, 2L-shaped fixed rods, a stepping motor, a screw rod and 2 sliding blocks, the screw rod transversely penetrates through the central groove of the U-shaped seat, the stepping motor is fixed on the outer side of one end, the output end of the stepping motor extends to the central part of the groove of the U-shaped seat and is fixedly connected with one end of the screw rod through a coupler, 2 sliding blocks are spirally sleeved on the outer side of the screw rod, the central parts of the sliding blocks are provided with screw holes, the thread directions of the 2 screw holes are opposite, 2L-shaped fixed rods are respectively fixed at one ends of the 2 sliding blocks, the 2L-shaped fixed rods are symmetrically arranged, the strutting parts are connected to the other ends of the 2L-shaped fixed rods, and the strutting parts comprise hinged chains, The sliding cylinder I, the spring rod I, the sliding cylinder II, the spring rod II, the sliding rod and the reset spring, the sliding rod is fixedly connected with one end of the L-shaped fixed rod, the sliding rod and the L-shaped fixed rod form a U-shaped structure, the sliding cylinder I and the sliding cylinder II are sleeved on the sliding rod in a sliding mode, the outer side walls of the two ends of the sliding cylinder I and the two ends of the sliding cylinder II are respectively and evenly hinged with the spring rod I and the spring rod II, the hinged chain is formed by mutually hinging a main fixed block and 4 auxiliary fixed blocks, the main fixed block and the 4 auxiliary fixed blocks are respectively in an isosceles trapezoid structure, the main fixed block is fixed at one end, away from the L-shaped fixed rod, the 4 auxiliary fixed blocks are symmetrically connected to the two ends of the main fixed block, the 2 auxiliary fixed blocks close to the main fixed block are respectively hinged and fixed with the spring rod II at the same end, and the other 2 auxiliary fixed blocks are respectively hinged and fixed with, reset springs are sleeved between the main fixing block and the second sliding cylinder outside the sliding rod and between the first sliding cylinder and the second sliding cylinder, the bottoms of the 4 auxiliary fixing blocks, which are far away from one end of the L-shaped fixing rod, are connected with auxiliary supporting rods, the center of the bottom of the main fixing block is provided with a sliding cavity, the inside of the sliding cavity is connected with a sliding block in a sliding manner, the bottom of the sliding block is connected with a main supporting rod, the inside of the sliding cavity at one end of the sliding block is connected with a pressure plate in a sliding manner, one side, close to the sliding block, of the pressure plate is fixedly provided with a pressure sensor, the input end of the pressure sensor is connected with the sliding block in a butting manner, one side, far away from the;

the drainage mechanism comprises a ball head, a telescopic rod, a drainage tube, a liquid pump, a liquid collecting box, a spring locking bolt and a fixing ring, the liquid collecting box is arranged at the top of a bottom plate at one end of a hydraulic cylinder, the liquid pump is fixed at the top of the liquid collecting box, the output end of the liquid pump is communicated with the liquid collecting box through a pipeline, a ball head seat is fixed at the center of the top of the U-shaped seat, the ball head is connected inside the ball head seat, the ball head is locked and fixed with the ball head seat through the locking bolt, the telescopic rod is connected outside the ball head, the telescopic rod is transversely arranged on a symmetrical axis of 2L-shaped fixing rods, the fixing ring is fixed at the output end of the telescopic rod, the drainage tube is locked and fixed with the fixing ring through the spring locking bolt, the spring locking bolt is fixedly inserted at one end of the fixing ring, which is far away from the telescopic rod, the drainage tube, the bottom of drainage tube extends to the below of solid fixed ring, just the top of collection liquid case one end bottom plate is fixed with the controller, and the central authorities at controller top are connected with control switch.

specifically, the hydraulic cylinder, the control switch, the electric push rod, the liquid pump, the driving motor and the stepping motor are all electrically connected with the controller, and the pressure sensor is electrically connected with the controller.

Specifically, anti-skid foot pads are fixed at 4 corners of the bottom plate.

Specifically, the telescopic rod is connected with an adjusting knob.

Specifically, one side of the liquid collecting box is connected with a liquid discharge pipe, an electromagnetic valve is fixed on the liquid discharge pipe, and the electromagnetic valve is electrically connected with the controller.

Specifically, the sum of the lengths of the sliding rod and the main fixing block is equal to the length of the L-shaped fixing rod at the end close to the sliding block.

Specifically, the outer side walls of the ends, far away from the sliding rod, of the auxiliary supporting rod and the main supporting rod are uniformly provided with anti-skidding racks.

3. advantageous effects

(1) According to the invention, the U-shaped frame can be effectively driven to lift through the expansion of the hydraulic cylinder by adopting the U-shaped frame, the hydraulic cylinder, the bottom plate, the electric push rod, the sleeve, the rotating shaft and the driving motor, the expansion mechanism can be effectively driven to move in an expansion manner through the expansion of the electric push rod, the electric push rod and the expansion mechanism can be effectively driven to rotate through the driving motor, the use height, the use angle and the use length of the expansion mechanism can be effectively adjusted, the device can be conveniently adjusted at different positions according to actual use requirements, the applicability of the device is effectively increased, and the device is suitable for fixing at different positions in the back skull operation of neurosurgery.

(2) The invention can effectively and synchronously adjust the opening distance of a pair of opening components by adopting the U-shaped seat, 2L-shaped fixed rods, the stepping motor, the screw rod and 2 sliding blocks, and can effectively improve the precision of the opening distance between the pair of opening components by driving the screw rod and the sliding block to move through the stepping motor, thereby effectively avoiding the phenomenon that the skin of the incision section is torn due to overlarge time distance for opening and fixing the incision of the operation by the traditional opening mechanism, effectively improving the safety of the cranium operation of the neurosurgery, effectively exposing the incision position of the patient at the same time, facilitating the cranium operation of the doctor and improving the convenience of the operation of the doctor.

(3) The invention adopts the hinged chain, the first sliding cylinder, the first spring rod, the second sliding cylinder, the second spring rod, the sliding rod and the return spring, can effectively support the knife-edge section of a patient through the main supporting rod and the auxiliary supporting rod below the main fixing block and the auxiliary fixing block of the hinged chain, and effectively drive the strutting part to move through the stepping motor, so that the main supporting rod and the auxiliary supporting rod generate the trend of moving towards the moving direction, the hinged chain is convenient to drive the first sliding cylinder and the second sliding cylinder to simultaneously extrude the return spring and slide on the sliding rod under the action of traction force, the 4 auxiliary supporting rods and the knife-edge part generate certain rotation along the hinged shaft to the main fixing block under the action of the resistance between skins and the traction force of the first spring rod and the second spring rod, further the hinged chain on the same side generates certain radian, and props up the knife-edge section of the patient, further completely opens the back-skull, the supporting radian can be adaptively adjusted according to the position of a patient's posterior cranium operation by the aid of the supporting device, skin tearing at different knife edge positions is avoided, a knife edge section of an operation is effectively supported and fixed, meanwhile, traction force of the auxiliary supporting rod in the traction process can be effectively converted into elastic tension force by the aid of the elastic force of the spring rod I and the spring rod II and the elastic force of the reset spring, and the situation that the skin tearing at the knife edge section is caused by overlarge tension force when the knife edge is pulled by the device is further avoided.

(4) The invention adopts the sliding block, the pressure plate, the buffer spring, the sliding cavity and the pressure sensor in the main fixed block, so that the main fixed block can effectively lead the cutter edge jointed with the main supporting rod to be influenced by skin resistance when the main fixed block moves along with the strutting part, the sliding block is driven to relatively slide in the sliding cavity, the pressure plate is further pushed to extrude the buffer spring until the sliding block slides to the tail end of the sliding cavity and then synchronously moves along with the main fixed block, the main supporting rod is effectively buffered, the phenomenon that the cutter edge skin is torn due to overlarge instantaneous tension of the strutting mechanism in the strutting process is avoided, meanwhile, the pressure sensor can effectively sense the extrusion force generated by traction between the sliding block and the main fixed block, a controller can conveniently control the stepping motor to stop rotating after pressure data reaches a limit value, further, the strutting part is controlled to stop moving, and the cutter edge section is effectively supported and fixed through the, thereby further avoid patient's edge of a knife section skin to tear, pressure sensor's response numerical value can be adjusted according to different patients ' skin elasticity simultaneously, effectively makes the device be applicable to different patients, further increases the suitability of device.

(5) According to the invention, the ball head, the telescopic rod, the drainage tube, the liquid pump, the liquid collecting box, the spring locking bolt and the fixing ring are adopted, so that the use angle of the telescopic rod can be effectively adjusted by rotating the ball head according to the use requirement, the use position of the drainage tube can be effectively adjusted by stretching the telescopic rod, the drainage tube is further effectively inserted into accumulated liquid in the incision, the accumulated liquid in the posterior skull is drained into the liquid collecting box for collection by the liquid pump, the drainage angle and the drainage position of the device can be conveniently adjusted according to the operation requirement, the drainage convenience is increased, the device not only can be used as a supporting and fixing structure, but also can be used for effectively draining the accumulated liquid in the incision, the functionality of the device can be effectively increased, and the device can be conveniently.

In summary, the neurosurgical posterior cranium distraction drainage device provided by the invention can effectively perform fixed support and distraction on the incision of a patient subjected to a posterior cranium operation at different angles and different heights, improves the convenience of the operation of a doctor, can effectively avoid the skin of the patient from being torn in the process of distraction of the incision of the patient, and can effectively perform drainage on effusion in the incision of the patient at different angles and different positions, so that the convenience of the operation is improved, the functionality of the device is increased, the applicability of the device is improved, and the device can be conveniently matched with the neurosurgical operation.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the deployment mechanism of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged partial view of A of FIG. 3;

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the sliding chamber of the present invention.

Reference numerals: 1. a U-shaped frame; 2. a hydraulic cylinder; 3. a control switch; 4. a controller; 5. a base plate; 6. an electric push rod; 7. a U-shaped seat; 8. a ball head; 9. a telescopic rod; 10. An L-shaped fixing rod; 11. a drainage tube; 12. a liquid pump; 13. a liquid collection tank; 14. a sleeve; 15. a rotating shaft; 16. a drive motor; 17. a speed reducer; 18. a spring locking bolt; 19. A stepping motor; 20. a fixing ring; 21. a screw; 22. a slider; 23. a threaded hole; 24. A first sliding cylinder; 25. a first spring rod; 26. a second sliding cylinder; 27. a second spring rod; 28. an auxiliary fixing block; 29. an auxiliary support rod; 30. a main fixed block; 31. a slide bar; 32. a return spring; 33. a slider; 34. a main support bar; 35. a pressure plate; 36. a buffer spring; 37. a sliding cavity; 38. a pressure sensor.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

examples

The neurosurgical posterior skull distraction drainage device shown in figures 1-5 comprises a supporting mechanism, a distraction mechanism and a drainage mechanism, wherein the supporting mechanism comprises a U-shaped frame 1, a hydraulic cylinder 2, a bottom plate 5, an electric push rod 6, a sleeve 14, a rotating shaft 15 and a driving motor 16, the hydraulic cylinder 2 is vertically fixed in the center of one end of the top of the bottom plate 5, the top of the hydraulic cylinder 2 is connected with the U-shaped frame 1, and a driving motor 16 is fixed on the outer side of one end of the U-shaped frame 1, a rotating shaft 15 transversely penetrates through the center of the U-shaped frame 1, a sleeve 14 is sleeved on the center of the rotating shaft 15, the output end of the driving motor 16 extends to the center of the U-shaped frame 1 and is fixed with a speed reducer 17, the output end of the speed reducer 17 is fixedly connected with one end of a rotating shaft 15, the outer side of the sleeve 14 is connected with an electric push rod 6, and the output end of the electric push rod 6 is connected with a spreading mechanism;

The strutting mechanism comprises an adjusting part and a pair of strutting parts arranged on one side of the adjusting part, the adjusting part comprises a U-shaped seat 7, 2L-shaped fixing rods 10, a stepping motor 19, a screw 21 and 2 sliding blocks 22, the screw 21 transversely penetrates through the inner part of the central groove of the U-shaped seat, the stepping motor 19 is fixed on the outer side of one end of the U-shaped seat 7, the output end of the stepping motor 19 extends to the center of the groove of the U-shaped seat 7 and is fixedly connected with one end of the screw 21 through a coupler, the 2 sliding blocks 22 are spirally sleeved on the outer side of the screw 21, the centers of the sliding blocks 22 are provided with threaded holes 23, the thread directions of the 2 threaded holes 23 are opposite, the 2L-shaped fixing rods 10 are respectively fixed at one end of the 2 sliding blocks 22, the 2L-shaped fixing rods 10 are symmetrically arranged, and the strutting parts are all connected to the other ends of the 2L-shaped, the expanding component comprises a hinged chain, a first sliding cylinder 24, a first spring rod 25, a second sliding cylinder 26, a second spring rod 27, a sliding rod 31 and a return spring 32, the sliding rod 31 is fixedly connected with one end of an L-shaped fixed rod 10, the sliding rod 31 and the L-shaped fixed rod 10 form a U-shaped structure, the first sliding cylinder 24 and the second sliding cylinder 26 are slidably sleeved on the sliding rod 31, the outer side walls of the two ends of the first sliding cylinder 24 and the second sliding cylinder 26 are respectively and uniformly hinged with the first spring rod 25 and the second spring rod 27, the hinged chain is formed by mutually hinging a main fixed block 30 and 4 auxiliary fixed blocks 28, the main fixed block 30 and the 4 auxiliary fixed blocks 28 are respectively in an isosceles trapezoid structure, the main fixed block 30 is fixed at one end, far away from the L-shaped fixed rod 10, the sum of the lengths of the sliding rod 31 and the main fixed block 30 is equal to the rod length of one end, close to the sliding block 22, the device is convenient for the primary fixing block 30 and the 4 auxiliary fixing blocks 28 on the same side to be in the same straight line in the initial state, so that a pair of spreading parts are effectively placed at the central position of the adjusting part and attached to each other in the initial state, the device is convenient for the positioning and supporting of the posterior cranial incision of a patient when in use, the 4 auxiliary fixing blocks 28 are symmetrically connected to two ends of the primary fixing block 30 in pairs, the 2 auxiliary fixing blocks 28 adjacent to the primary fixing block 30 are respectively hinged and fixed with the spring rod II 27 on the same end, the other 2 auxiliary fixing blocks 28 are respectively hinged and fixed with the spring rod I25 on the same end, the reset spring 32 is sleeved between the primary fixing block 30 and the sliding cylinder II 26 outside the sliding rod 31 and between the sliding cylinder I24 and the sliding cylinder II 26, the bottoms of the 4 auxiliary fixing blocks 28 far away from the end of the L-shaped fixing rod 10 are both connected with the auxiliary supporting rod 29, and the, the inside of the sliding cavity 37 is slidably connected with a sliding block 33, the bottom of the sliding block 33 is connected with a main supporting rod 34, the outer side walls of one ends, far away from the sliding rod 31, of the auxiliary supporting rod 29 and the main supporting rod 34 are uniformly provided with anti-skidding racks, so that the friction force between the surfaces of the auxiliary supporting rod 29 and the main supporting rod 34 and the skin at the knife edge is increased through the anti-skidding racks, the knife edge skin is prevented from falling off in the opening process, and the stability of the opening mechanism in use is effectively increased;

The drainage mechanism comprises a ball head 8, a telescopic rod 9, a drainage tube 11, a liquid pump 12, a liquid collecting box 13, a spring locking bolt 18 and a fixing ring 20, the liquid collecting box 13 is arranged at the top of a bottom plate 5 at one end of a hydraulic cylinder 2, the liquid pump 12 is fixed at the top of the liquid collecting box 13, the output end of the liquid pump 12 is communicated with the liquid collecting box 13 through a pipeline, a ball head seat is fixed at the center of the top of a U-shaped seat 7, a ball head 8 is connected inside the ball head seat, the ball head 8 is locked and fixed with the ball head seat through the locking bolt, the telescopic rod 9 is connected outside the ball head 8, the telescopic rod 9 is transversely arranged on a symmetrical axis of 2L-shaped fixing rods 10, the fixing ring 20 is fixed at the output end of the telescopic rod 9, the drainage tube 11 is locked and fixed with the fixing ring 20 through the spring locking bolt 18, the spring locking bolt 18, the adjusting knob is connected on the telescopic rod 9, the using length of the telescopic rod 9 can be conveniently adjusted by the adjusting knob, the using length of the drainage mechanism can be conveniently adjusted by the device according to actual using requirements, the using position of the adjusting mechanism is effectively limited, the using applicability of the drainage mechanism can be conveniently improved, the top of the drainage tube 11 extends to the upper portion of the fixing ring 20 and is communicated with the input end of the liquid pump 12 through an elastic tube, the bottom of the drainage tube 11 extends to the lower portion of the fixing ring 20, the controller 4 is fixed at the top of the bottom plate 5 at one end of the liquid collecting box 13, anti-skidding foot pads are fixed at 4 corners of the bottom plate 5, the anti-skidding performance of the bottom plate 5 can be conveniently improved, the using stability of the device can be conveniently increased, the device can be conveniently used, the control switch 3 is connected to the center of the top of, The driving motor 16 and the stepping motor 19 are both electrically connected with the controller 4, the pressure sensor 38 is electrically connected with the controller 4, the controller 4 is convenient to drive the controller 4 to work through the control switch 3, the controller 4 is convenient to control the hydraulic cylinder 2, the electric push rod 6, the liquid pump 12, the driving motor 16 and the stepping motor 19 to be powered on and powered off and used, the pressure sensor 38 is convenient to sense a traction pressure signal of the main support rod 34, the pressure signal is convenient to identify and drive the stepping motor 19 to stop after being transmitted to the controller 4, the device is convenient to automatically support the knife edge of a patient and stop before the knife edge is torn, the device is effectively convenient to work and use, one side of the liquid collecting box 13 is connected with a liquid discharge pipe, an electromagnetic valve is fixed on the liquid discharge pipe, the electromagnetic valve is electrically connected with the controller 4, the electromagnetic valve is convenient to be controlled by the controller 4 to open and close the liquid discharge pipe in a, the use of the device is facilitated.

The working principle is as follows: when the device is used, firstly the device is fixed on one side of an operating table, an external power supply is connected, then the maximum traction force of the pressure sensor 38 is set through the control switch 3 according to the skin elastic force of different patients, then the controller 4 is driven through the control switch 3, the controller 4 controls the hydraulic cylinder 2, the electric push rod 6 and the driving motor 16 to be electrified and operated, the hydraulic cylinder 2 is stretched, the driving motor 16 drives the rotating shaft 15 to rotate after being decelerated by the reducer 17, the electric push rod 6 and the stretching mechanism are further driven to turn over, the stretching mechanism is pushed to move to the position of the knife edge of the patient by stretching of the electric push rod 6, so that a pair of stretching parts which are mutually attached of the stretching mechanism is effectively moved to the position of the knife edge of the patient, the device is convenient to adjust the use height and the use angle according to the position of the back skull knife edge of the patient, the applicability of the device is further, and make the main supporting rod 34 and 4 auxiliary supporting rods 29 on the same side both adhere to the cross section of the side incision, and then control the stepping motor 19 to drive the screw 21 to rotate, make the sliding block 22 with 2 opposite threaded holes 23 move to the two ends of the "U" shaped seat 7 on the screw 21 at the same time, and then drive the "L" shaped fixing rod 10 and the distraction component to move to the two ends, at this time the main fixing block 30 moves with the direction of movement of the sliding rod 31 on the distraction component, and the main supporting rod 34 is affected by skin resistance because of adhering to the incision, so that the main supporting rod 34 is not moved when the main fixing block 30 moves, the sliding block 33 slides relatively inside the sliding cavity 37, and then push the pressure plate 35 to press the buffer spring 36 until the sliding block 33 slides to the end of the sliding cavity 37, and moves synchronously with the main fixing block 30, when the sliding block 33 and the main supporting rod 34 move synchronously with the main fixing block, the first sliding cylinder 24 and the second sliding cylinder 26 simultaneously extrude the return spring 32 and slide on the sliding rod 31, the first spring rod 25 and the second spring rod 27 deform and pull the 4 auxiliary fixing blocks 28 to move, at the moment, the 4 auxiliary fixing blocks 28 rotate along the hinge axis to the main fixing block 30 under the action of resistance between the 4 auxiliary supporting rods 29 at the bottom and the skin at the incision and the traction force of the first spring rod 25 and the second spring rod 27, so that the main supporting rods 34 and the 4 auxiliary supporting rods 29 on the same side generate a certain radian and prop open the incision section of the patient, the posterior cranial incision of the patient is completely opened, the elastic force of the first spring rod 25 and the second spring rod 27 and the elastic force of the return spring 32 can effectively convert the traction force of the 4 auxiliary supporting rods 29 in the traction process into elastic tension, and the situation that the skin of the incision section is torn due to overlarge tension when the device pulls the incision is effectively avoided, and in the process that the pressure plate 35 is pushed and extruded by the sliding block 33 and synchronously moves along with the main fixing block 30, the pressure signal generated by the pressure sensor 38 is gradually increased until the pressure signal reaches a limit value, the signal data is transmitted to the controller 4, so that the controller 4 controls the stepping motor 19 to stop rotating, and further controls the distraction component to stop moving, the fracture surface of the incision is effectively supported and fixed through the main supporting rods 34 and 4 auxiliary supporting rods 29 on a pair of static distraction components, when effusion in the posterior incision of the patient needs to be drained, the telescopic rod 9 is manually rotated and pulled to stretch, the ball head 8 at one end of the telescopic rod 9 is rotated in the ball head seat, the ball head 8 and the ball head seat are locked through the locking bolt after the drainage angle and the drainage height are determined, and at the moment, the fixing ring 20 is manually pulled to drive the drainage tube 11 to be inserted into the effusion in, and the liquid pump 12 is opened to pump the accumulated liquid into the liquid collecting tank 13, so that the accumulated liquid at the knife edge is effectively cleaned, and the later-stage cranium operation of the patient is facilitated.

It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the present invention and are not to be used as a limitation of the present invention, and that changes and modifications to the above embodiments are within the scope of the claims of the present invention as long as they are within the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The neurosurgery posterior skull distraction drainage device is characterized by comprising a supporting mechanism, a distraction mechanism and a drainage mechanism, wherein the supporting mechanism comprises a U-shaped frame (1), a hydraulic cylinder (2), a bottom plate (5), an electric push rod (6), a sleeve (14), a rotating shaft (15) and a driving motor (16), the hydraulic cylinder (2) is vertically fixed in the center of one end of the top of the bottom plate (5), the U-shaped frame (1) is connected to the top of the hydraulic cylinder (2), the driving motor (16) is fixed on the outer side of one end of the U-shaped frame (1), the rotating shaft (15) transversely penetrates through the center of the U-shaped frame (1), the sleeve (14) is sleeved in the center of the rotating shaft (15), the output end of the driving motor (16) extends to the center of the U-shaped frame (1) and is fixed with a speed reducer (17), and the output end of the speed reducer (17) is fixedly connected with one end of the rotating shaft (15), the outer side of the sleeve (14) is connected with an electric push rod (6), and the output end of the electric push rod (6) is connected with a spreading mechanism;

The opening mechanism comprises an adjusting part and a pair of opening parts arranged on one side of the adjusting part, the adjusting part comprises a U-shaped seat (7), 2L-shaped fixing rods (10), a stepping motor (19), a screw rod (21) and 2 sliding blocks (22), the screw rod (21) transversely penetrates through the inner part of the central groove of the U-shaped seat, the stepping motor (19) is fixed on the outer side of one end of the U-shaped seat (7), the output end of the stepping motor (19) extends to the center of the groove of the U-shaped seat (7) and is fixedly connected with one end of the screw rod (21) through a coupler, 2 sliding blocks (22) are spirally sleeved on the outer side of the screw rod sliding block (21), the center of each sliding block (22) is provided with a threaded hole (23), the thread directions of the 2 threaded holes (23) are opposite, and the 2L-shaped fixing rods (10) are respectively fixed at one end of the 2 sliding blocks (22), the device comprises 2L-shaped fixing rods (10), wherein the propping components are connected to the other ends of the 2L-shaped fixing rods (10) symmetrically and comprise hinged chains, a first sliding cylinder (24), a first spring rod (25), a second sliding cylinder (26), a second spring rod (27), a sliding rod (31) and a return spring (32), the sliding rod (31) is fixedly connected with one end of the L-shaped fixing rod (10), the sliding rod (31) and the L-shaped fixing rod (10) form a U-shaped structure, the first sliding cylinder (24) and the second sliding cylinder (26) are slidably sleeved on the sliding rod (31), the first spring rod (25) and the second spring rod (27) are respectively and uniformly hinged on the outer side walls of the two ends of the first sliding cylinder (24) and the second sliding cylinder (26), the hinged chains are formed by mutually hinging a main fixing block (30) and 4 auxiliary fixing blocks (28), the main fixed block (30) and the 4 auxiliary fixed blocks (28) are both designed to be isosceles trapezoid structures, the main fixed block (30) is fixed at one end of the sliding rod (31) far away from the L-shaped fixed rod (10), the 4 auxiliary fixed blocks (28) are symmetrically connected with two ends of the main fixed block (30) in pairs, the 2 auxiliary fixed blocks (28) close to the main fixed block (30) are hinged and fixed with the second spring rod (27) at the same end respectively, the other 2 auxiliary fixed blocks (28) are hinged and fixed with the first spring rod (25) at the same end respectively, reset springs (32) are sleeved between the main fixed block (30) at the outer side of the sliding rod (31) and the second sliding cylinder (26) and between the first sliding cylinder (24) and the second sliding cylinder (26), and the bottom of the 4 auxiliary fixed blocks (28) far away from one end of the L-shaped fixed rod (10) is connected with auxiliary supporting rods (29), the center of the bottom of the main fixing block (30) is provided with a sliding cavity (37), the sliding cavity (37) is connected with a sliding block (33) in a sliding mode, the bottom of the sliding block (33) is connected with a main supporting rod (34), the sliding cavity (37) at one end of the sliding block (33) is connected with a pressure plate (35) in a sliding mode, a pressure sensor (38) is fixed to one side, close to the sliding block (33), of the pressure plate (35), the input end of the pressure sensor (38) is connected with the sliding block (33) in an abutting mode, a buffer spring (36) is fixed to one side, far away from the pressure sensor (38), of the pressure plate (35), and the other end of the buffer spring (36) is fixedly connected with the inner wall;

The drainage mechanism comprises a ball head (8), a telescopic rod (9), a drainage tube (11), a liquid pump (12), a liquid collecting box (13), a spring locking bolt (18) and a fixing ring (20), the liquid collecting box (13) is arranged at the top of a bottom plate (5) at one end of a hydraulic cylinder (2), the liquid pump (12) is fixed at the top of the liquid collecting box (13), the output end of the liquid pump (12) is communicated with the liquid collecting box (13) through a pipeline, a ball head seat is fixed at the center of the top of a U-shaped seat (7), the ball head (8) is connected inside the ball head seat, the ball head (8) is locked and fixed with the ball head seat through the locking bolt, the telescopic rod (9) is connected to the outer side of the ball head (8), the telescopic rod (9) is transversely arranged on a symmetrical axis of 2L-shaped fixing rods (10), and the fixing ring (20) is fixed, drainage tube (11) are fixed with solid fixed ring (20) locking through spring locking bolt (18), the one end that telescopic link (9) were kept away from in solid fixed ring (20) alternates and is fixed with spring locking bolt (18), and solid fixed ring (20) inside vertical interlude has drainage tube (11), the top of drainage tube (11) extends to the top of solid fixed ring (20) and is linked together through elasticity pipe and drawing liquid pump (12) input, and the bottom of drainage tube (11) extends to the below of solid fixed ring (20), just the top of collection liquid case (13) one end bottom plate (5) is fixed with controller (4), and the central authorities at controller (4) top are connected with control switch (3).

2. The neurosurgical posterior craniotomy drainage device according to claim 1, wherein the hydraulic cylinder (2), the control switch (3), the electric push rod (6), the liquid pump (12), the driving motor (16) and the stepping motor (19) are all electrically connected with the controller (4), and the pressure sensor (38) is electrically connected with the controller (4).

3. The neurosurgical posterior cranial spreading drainage device according to claim 1, wherein an anti-slip foot pad is fixed at each of 4 corners of the bottom plate (5).

4. The neurosurgical posterior craniotomy drainage device according to claim 1, wherein an adjusting knob is connected to the telescopic rod (9).

5. the neurosurgical posterior craniotomy drainage device according to claim 1, wherein a drainage pipe is connected to one side of the liquid collection tank (13), and an electromagnetic valve is fixed on the drainage pipe and electrically connected with the controller (4).

6. the neurosurgical posterior craniotomy drainage device according to claim 1, wherein the total length of the sliding rod (31) and the main fixing block (30) is equal to the length of the L-shaped fixing rod (10) at the end close to the sliding block (22).

7. The neurosurgical posterior craniotomy drainage device according to claim 1, wherein the outer side walls of the ends of the secondary support rod (29) and the primary support rod (34) far away from the sliding rod (31) are uniformly provided with anti-skid racks.