CN110568523A - Constant-pressure quantitative water injection type raininess intensity simulation calibration device and application method - Google Patents
Constant-pressure quantitative water injection type raininess intensity simulation calibration device and application method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110568523A CN110568523A CN201910996783.6A CN201910996783A CN110568523A CN 110568523 A CN110568523 A CN 110568523A CN 201910996783 A CN201910996783 A CN 201910996783A CN 110568523 A CN110568523 A CN 110568523A
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 128
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 235000014676 Phragmites communis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 208000028659 discharge Diseases 0.000 description 34
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01W—METEOROLOGY
- G01W1/00—Meteorology
- G01W1/14—Rainfall or precipitation gauges
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01W—METEOROLOGY
- G01W1/00—Meteorology
- G01W1/18—Testing or calibrating meteorological apparatus
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation
Abstract
A constant-pressure quantitative water injection type raininess intensity simulation calibration device and a use method belong to the field of tipping bucket rainfall sensor calibration. The rain gauge comprises a rain gauge bottle, a hand-held instrument and a rubber head scale suction pipe, wherein the rain gauge bottle comprises a bottle body assembly, a valve and a discharge spout; the bottle body assembly is provided with an upper bottle cap above, the air inlet pipe is embedded in the upper bottle cap, the interior of the bottle body is communicated with the outside atmosphere through the air inlet pipe, a valve is arranged below the bottle body, the valve is communicated with the bottle body assembly through a water path, and a discharge spout is arranged below the valve. During the use, the hand-held instrument is connected with a reed switch sensor of a tipping bucket rainfall sensor through a data acquisition line, external atmosphere continuously enters a bottle through an air inlet pipe during water drainage, the size of the caliber of a discharge spout is respectively matched with the strength of heavy rain, medium rain and light rain, a rubber head scale suction pipe is used for measuring the final residual water amount in a tipping bucket of the rain gauge, and the error of the sensor is calculated through the hand-held instrument. The advantages are that: the problem of accurate simulation and quantitative water injection of big, well, little various rains of strength is solved, installation convenient to carry need not to use external power equipment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of tipping bucket rainfall sensor calibration devices, in particular to a constant-pressure quantitative water injection type raininess intensity simulation calibration device and a use method thereof.
Background
The tipping bucket rain gauge is an important instrument for observing rainfall in meteorological, hydrological, agricultural and other departments. The places for setting are mostly in the field in the countryside, and the precision of the rain gauge is inevitably changed due to long-term exposure in the outdoor environment, so that the rain gauge needs to be calibrated regularly. With the continuous development and the requirement of social science and technology, higher and tighter requirements are invisibly provided for accurately measuring rainfall, which not only provides necessary and reliable information for the daily life work of people, but also provides reliable basis for the decision of government departments, and provides higher requirements for the calibration of a rain gauge while the requirement on the observation data of rainfall is quite accurate.
at present, products or patents related to the calibration or verification of the rain gauge are not many, the newly produced rain gauge needs to be calibrated, the rain gauge in use also needs to be calibrated, and the existing calibration modes comprise two modes, namely, the existing calibration mode is used for calibration in a laboratory or a production plant, and the existing calibration mode mainly adopts large-scale equipment to simulate and generate rainfall with different strengths to calibrate the tipping-bucket type rain gauge; the method has two problems, namely, the time and labor are wasted when the rain gauge in use is concentrated in a laboratory for calibration, and the precision of the calibrated rain gauge is influenced by the fact that the calibrated rain gauge bumps along the way.
the other mode is field calibration, namely, precipitation with different intensities is manually simulated on the field by using a metering pump or a measuring cup to calibrate the rain gauge without moving the rain gauge to a laboratory for calibration, and a common method on the field is to take a certain amount of water and enable the water to flow into the rain gauge within a certain time so as to simulate precipitation with different intensities to calibrate the rain gauge.
The specific field calibration method has two modes, one mode is that a measuring cup or a standard measuring tool is used for measuring quantitative water, and during calibration, the rainfall intensity of the rain gauge is controlled by manual pouring and the size of a flow limiting hole, so that the working conditions of the rain gauge under different rainfall intensities are simulated, for example: a tipping bucket type rain gauge field calibration device; the method comprises the following steps: the device comprises an upper funnel and a lower funnel, wherein the upper funnel is located on the lower funnel, the upper funnel and the lower funnel are respectively provided with a small throttling hole, and a buffering reed is arranged below the upper funnel and used for achieving a relatively steady flow state to simulate heavy rainfall and calibrate a rain gauge; the disadvantage and disadvantage of this method is that it cannot accurately simulate different rain intensities because the uniformity of the water flow cannot be controlled by the presence of the water pressure variations.
Another method is to calibrate the rain gauge through various control devices, and the general method is as follows: including the water tank, measure the reservoir chamber, the measuring pump etc, automatic scene is calibrated the hyetometer, get certain water yield to measurement reservoir chamber through the measuring pump during calibration, flow into through measurement reservoir chamber lower extreme restricted aperture and be examined equipment, perhaps measurement reservoir chamber below is equipped with electrical control valve, inside level gauge that is equipped with receiving and dispatching signal, through microprocessor control governing valve aperture, change the effect of restricted aperture size in order to reach the stationary flow, thereby simulate the behavior of hyetometer under the different rain intensities, calibrate the hyetometer. The method has complex structure principle, needs external power equipment and a water tank, is inconvenient to carry, is troublesome to operate and is expensive.
Disclosure of Invention
the invention aims to solve the problems, overcome the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, and provides a constant-pressure quantitative water injection type raininess intensity simulation calibration device and a use method thereof.
To achieve the above object, the object of the present invention is achieved by: a constant-pressure quantitative water injection type raininess simulation calibration device comprises a rainfall bottle, a rubber head scale suction pipe, a handheld instrument and a tipping bucket rainfall sensor; the rain gauge of the tipping bucket to be detected is positioned below the rain gauge bottle, and the tipping bucket rain sensor is arranged on the rain gauge of the tipping bucket to be detected; the output end of the tipping bucket rainfall sensor is connected with the input end of the handheld instrument;
the rubber head scale suction pipe is used for simulating the measurement of the residual water amount in the tipping bucket after the raining is finished.
the tipping bucket rain gauge comprises: a tipping bucket and a main bracket; a tipping bucket is arranged on the main support, a permanent magnet material is connected to the tipping bucket, a reed switch sensor is arranged on the main support and is positioned on a running track below the tipping bucket, and the reed switch sensor is connected with a hand-held instrument through a data acquisition line;
the hand-held instrument includes: the device comprises a shell, a battery, a keyboard, a display screen and a data acquisition circuit; the battery provides power for the keyboard, the display screen and the data acquisition circuit; the data acquisition circuit comprises a keyboard interface circuit, a display driving circuit, a pulse signal processing circuit and an MCU (microprogrammed control unit) singlechip; the keyboard is connected with the input end of the MCU singlechip through the keyboard interface circuit, and input information from the keyboard enters the MCU singlechip after being processed by the keyboard interface circuit; the output end of the MCU singlechip is connected with the display screen through a display driving circuit, and display information output by the MCU singlechip is transmitted to the display screen through the display driving circuit; the output end of the reed switch sensor is connected with the input end of the MCU singlechip through a pulse signal processing circuit, and pulse information from the reed switch sensor of the tipping bucket rainfall sensor enters the MCU singlechip through the pulse signal processing circuit;
the tipping bucket rainfall sensor is a reed switch sensor; or a hall switch.
the rainfall bottle comprises a bottle body assembly, an upper bottle cap, an air inlet pipe, a valve and a discharge spout; an upper bottle cap is arranged above the bottle body assembly, and the bottle body assembly and the upper bottle cap are in separable water-tight and air-tight connection; the air inlet pipe is embedded in the upper bottle cap and is in water-tight and air-tight connection with the upper bottle cap; a valve is arranged below the bottle body component, the valve is communicated with the water path of the bottle body component, and a discharge spout is arranged below the valve;
The bottle body assembly is of an integrated structure, a water outlet hole is formed in the lower portion of the bottle body assembly, and the water outlet hole is in watertight connection with a lower valve; or the bottle body assembly consists of a bottle body and a lower bottle cap; a valve is arranged below the lower bottle cap and communicated with the lower bottle cap water channel.
The shape of the bottle body is that two ends are thin cylindrical, the middle section is thick cylindrical, or the bottle body is in a spherical structure, namely phi1＞φ3Wherein phi is1Is a middle section with a large diameter of phi3The diameter of the two ends of the bottle body is thin, and the thick diameter and the thin diameter of the bottle body are connected in a smooth transition way.
The bottle body is of an integral structure; or the bottle body is divided into two parts with the same upper and lower structures from the middle, and consists of an upper bottle body and a lower bottle body which are connected in a water-tight and air-tight manner.
The intake pipe include: the air inlet device comprises an air inlet upper port, a straight pipe and an air guide inclined port, wherein the air guide inclined port is positioned below the straight pipe; the air guide inclined opening is positioned at the bottom of the bottle body and the bottom water line H0Flush.
the caliber of the discharge spout is phi2three calibers with different sizes are respectively and correspondingly expressed as phi2-1、φ2-2and phi2-3Three rain intensities of large, medium and small are correspondingly simulated.
the using method comprises the following steps:
The tipping bucket rainfall sensor is connected with the hand-held instrument through a data acquisition line, and the rainfall bottle is arranged on the bottle body bracket;
Screwing down the upper bottle cap and opening the valve when the rainfall bottle is full of water;
When the tipping bucket of the tested tipping bucket rain gauge is turned for the first time, the handheld instrument starts to count the tipping bucket turning bucket number and the water drainage time length;
In the draining process, external atmosphere continuously and automatically enters the bottle through the air inlet pipe in the continuous draining period;
The water body is sealed in the bottle body, and the fall of the drainage head is a constant value delta h;
When the diameter phi of the discharge spout2For determining value, at V1the constant rain discharge strength of the device is kept in the water discharge period of the volume water;
after draining is stopped, the handheld instrument counts the number of the tipping buckets turned over by the tipping buckets and the draining time length;
measuring the residual water amount in the tipping bucket of the tipping bucket rain gauge by using a rubber head scale suction pipe, inputting the measured residual water amount in the tipping bucket into a handheld instrument, and calculating the error of a tipping bucket rain sensor;
The handheld instrument displays the error of the tipping bucket rainfall sensor, the rainfall intensity and the rainfall duration.
the total volume V of the water full of the water storage0The expression of (a) is: v0=V1+V2+V3+V4In the formula: v1is a bottom water line H0The volume of the water stored in the rain bottle, V2Volume of water stored in the intake pipe, V3volume for storing water inside the valve, V4Is a bottom water line H0The volume of water stored in the lower bottle body;
Total volume of discharge V5the expression is: v5=V0-V4Total volume of discharge V5314.16ml or 942.48ml, or their default values.
the error calculation method of the tipping bucket rainfall sensor comprises the following steps:
(1) The bucket number method is that the residual water amount measured by the rubber head scale suction pipe 2 is divided by the tipping bucket rainfall sensor metering bucket, the bucket capacity is converted into the bucket number, and the converted bucket number is input into the handheld instrument to calculate the error of the sensor;
(2) the bucket capacity method is characterized in that the residual water quantity is measured by the rubber head scale suction pipe 2, and the measured residual water quantity is directly input into a handheld instrument to calculate the error of a sensor;
(3) And (3) a table look-up method, namely judging the accuracy grade of the rainfall sensor according to the maximum allowable error specified by a skip bucket metering error table of JJJG (Water conservancy) 005-2017 ' water conservancy department metering and identifying regulation of the people's republic of China-skip bucket type rain gauge ', and the corresponding residual water range.
The beneficial effects are that, by adopting the scheme, when the raininess is simulated, the bottle is filled with water, the upper bottle cap is screwed to overflow excessive water, the water in the bottle is a quantitative value, the valve is opened, and the water sealed in the bottle body flows out through the discharge spout and flows into the detected equipment; in the outflow process, external atmosphere continuously and automatically enters the bottle through the air inlet pipe; the fall of the discharge head is a constant value delta h when the aperture phi of the discharge spout2For determining value, at V1The water discharge strength of the water discharge is kept constant during the water discharge period of the volume, and V1much greater than V2And V3And (4) summing.
the advantages are that: the invention has simple structure, low manufacturing cost, convenient installation and carrying and stable and reliable performance, and solves the problem that the uniformity of water flow cannot be controlled due to the existence of water pressure change in the process of simulating the raininess so as not to accurately simulate different rainstrengths under the condition of not needing external electric equipment.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an overall structural view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a view showing the structure of the rain bottle of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a diagram of a split type bottle body assembly of the rain bottle of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a view of the rain bottle integrated body assembly of the present invention.
fig. 5 is a view of a rain bottle single body type bottle body support according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a diagram of an assembly structure of the integrated bottle body bracket of the rain bottle in embodiment 4 of the invention.
fig. 7 is a schematic block diagram of the handset of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a graph of rain intensity Q versus time T.
In the figure, 1, a rainfall bottle; 1-1, a bottle body assembly; 1-1-1, bottle body; 1-1-1-1, and an upper bottle body; 1-1-1-2, putting the bottle body; 1-1-2, and placing a bottle cap; 1-1-3, water outlet; 1-2, putting a bottle cap; 1-3, an air inlet pipe; 1-3-1, an air inlet upper port; 1-3-2, straight tube; 1-3-3, air guide bevel connection; 1-4, a valve; 1-5, a discharge spout; 1-6, bottle body support; 1-6-1, a support plate; 1-6-2, a strut; 2. a rubber head scale suction pipe; 3. a hand-held instrument; 4. a tipping bucket rainfall sensor; 4-1, tipping; 4-2, a reed switch sensor; 4-3, a main bracket; 31. a keyboard interface circuit; 32. A display driving circuit; 33. A pulse signal processing circuit; 34. MCU single chip; 35. A battery; 36. A keyboard; 37. a display screen.
Detailed Description
The raininess simulation calibration device is implemented as follows:
Example 1: the raininess simulation calibration device of the invention comprises: the rain gauge comprises a rain gauge bottle 1, a rubber head scale suction pipe 2, a handheld instrument 3 and a tipping bucket rain sensor 4; the rain gauge of the tipping bucket to be detected is positioned below the rain gauge bottle 1, and the tipping bucket rain sensor 4 is arranged on the rain gauge of the tipping bucket to be detected; the output end of the tipping bucket rainfall sensor 4 is connected with the input end of the handheld instrument 3;
The rubber head scale suction pipe 2 is used for measuring the residual water amount in the tipping bucket 4-1 after the rainfall simulation is finished.
the tipping bucket rain gauge comprises: a tipping bucket 4-1 and a main bracket 4-3; a tipping bucket 4-1 is arranged on the main support 4-3, a permanent magnet material is connected on the tipping bucket 4-1, a reed switch inductor 4-2 is arranged on the main support 4-3 and is positioned on a running track below the tipping bucket 4-1, and the reed switch inductor 4-2 is connected with the hand-held instrument 3 through a data acquisition line;
The hand-held instrument 3 comprises: a housing, a battery 35, a keypad 36, a display 37 and data acquisition circuitry; the battery 35 provides power for the keyboard 36, the display screen 37 and the data acquisition circuit; the data acquisition circuit comprises a keyboard interface circuit 31, a display driving circuit 32, a pulse signal processing circuit 33 and an MCU (microprogrammed control unit) singlechip 34; the keyboard 36 is connected with the input end of the MCU singlechip 34 through the keyboard interface circuit 31, and input information from the keyboard 36 enters the MCU singlechip 34 after being processed by the keyboard interface circuit 31; the output end of the MCU singlechip 34 is connected with the display screen 37 through the display driving circuit 32, and the display information output by the MCU singlechip 34 is transmitted to the display screen 37 through the display driving circuit 31; the output end of the reed switch sensor 4-2 is connected with the input end of the MCU singlechip 34 through the pulse signal processing circuit 33, and pulse information of the reed switch sensor 4-2 from the tipping bucket rainfall sensor 4 enters the MCU singlechip 34 through the pulse signal processing circuit 33.
The tipping bucket rainfall sensor 4 is a reed switch sensor 4-2; or a hall switch.
The rain measuring bottle 1 comprises a bottle body assembly 1-1, an upper bottle cap 1-2, an air inlet pipe 1-3, a valve 1-4 and a discharge spout 1-5; an upper bottle cap 1-2 is arranged above the bottle body component 1-1, and the bottle body component 1-1 and the upper bottle cap 1-2 are in separable water-tight and air-tight connection; the air inlet pipe 1-3 is embedded in the upper bottle cap 1-2, and the air inlet pipe 1-3 is in water-tight connection with the upper bottle cap 1-2; a valve 1-4 is arranged below the bottle body component 1-1, the valve 1-4 is communicated with a water path of the bottle body component 1-1, and a discharge spout 1-5 is arranged below the valve 1-4;
The bottle body assembly 1-1 is of an integrated structure, a water outlet hole is formed in the lower portion of the bottle body assembly, and the water outlet hole is in watertight connection with the lower valve 1-4; or the bottle body assembly 1-1 consists of a bottle body 1-1-1 and a lower bottle cap 1-1-2; a valve 1-4 is arranged below the lower bottle cap 1-1-2, and the valve 1-4 is communicated with a water path of the lower bottle cap 1-1-2.
The shape of the bottle body is that two ends are thin cylindrical, the middle section is thick cylindrical, or the bottle body is in a spherical structure, namely phi1＞φ3Wherein phi is1Is a middle section with a large diameter of phi3The diameter of the two ends of the bottle body is thin, and the thick diameter and the thin diameter of the bottle body are connected in a smooth transition way.
The bottle body is of an integral structure; or the bottle body is divided into two parts with the same upper and lower structures from the middle, and consists of an upper bottle body 1-1-1-1 and a lower bottle body 1-1-1-2, and the upper bottle body 1-1-1-1 and the lower bottle body 1-1-1-2 are connected in a water-tight and air-tight manner.
The air inlet pipe 1-3 comprises: the air guide device comprises an air inlet upper port 1-3-1, a straight pipe 1-3-2 and an air guide oblique port 1-3-3, wherein the air guide oblique port 1-3-3 is positioned below the straight pipe 1-3-2; the air guide inclined opening 1-3-3 is positioned at the bottom of the bottle body and the bottom water line H0Flush.
the caliber of the discharge spout 1-5 is phi2Three calibers with different sizes are respectively and correspondingly expressed as phi2-1、φ2-2And phi2-3correspondingly simulating three raininess intensities of large, medium and small, wherein a discharge spout 1-5 with each caliber is combined with a bottle body 1-1-1 to form a raininess intensity simulation and calibration device, and discharge spouts 1-5 with three calibers are combined with the bottle body 1-1-1 to form a complete raininess intensity simulation and calibration device with three raininess intensities of large, medium and small, namely, one bottle body 1-1-1 is provided with the replaceable discharge spouts 1-5 with the three raininess intensities, so that a complete device is formed.
in order to facilitate the work of the rain intensity simulation calibration device, a rain gauge bottle 1 of the rain intensity simulation calibration device is arranged on a bottle body bracket 6; the support 6 of the rain bottle 1 comprises: the rain gauge bottle 1 is embedded on the support plate 6-2, and the support plate 6-2 is arranged on the support plate 6-1; in fig. 4, the holder 6 is a one-piece bottle body holder.
The using method comprises the following steps:
The tipping bucket rainfall sensor is connected with the hand-held instrument 3 through a data acquisition line, and the rainfall bottle 1 is arranged on the bottle body bracket 6;
Screwing down the upper bottle cap 1-2 and opening the valve 1-4 under the state that the rainfall bottle 1 is full of water;
when the tipping bucket of the tested tipping bucket rain gauge is turned for the first time, the handheld device 3 starts to count the tipping bucket turning bucket number and the water drainage time length;
In the draining process, external atmosphere continuously and automatically enters the bottle through the air inlet pipe 1-3 in the continuous draining period;
The fall of the drainage head of the water body sealed in the bottle body is a constant value delta h when the caliber phi of the discharge spout is 1-52For determining value, at V1The water discharge intensity of the device is kept constant during the water discharge period of the volume, and V1total volume occupied by discharge V5more than 99% of the total amount is far more than V2And V3Summing;
After draining is stopped, the handheld device 3 counts the number of the tipping buckets turned over by the tipping buckets and the draining time length;
measuring the residual water amount in the tipping bucket of the tipping bucket rain gauge by using a rubber head scale suction pipe 2, inputting the measured residual water amount in the tipping bucket into a handheld instrument 3, and calculating the error of a tipping bucket rain sensor;
The handheld instrument 3 displays the error of the tipping bucket rainfall sensor, the rainfall intensity and the rainfall duration.
The total volume V of the water full of the water storage0The expression of (a) is: v0=V1+V2+V3+V4In the formula: v1Is a bottom water line H0The above capacity of water storage, V, inside the rain measuring bottle 12volume of water stored in the air inlet pipe 1-3, V3Volume for storing water inside valve 1-4, V4Is a bottom water line H0The volume of water stored in the lower bottle body;
Total volume of discharge V5The expression is: v5=V0-V4Total volume of discharge V5314.16ml or 942.48ml or their predetermined values, the total volume and accuracy V of the discharge of the device of the invention5The capacity tolerance of the standard glass measuring device is met in JJG 20-2001, national metrological verification regulation of the people's republic of China-standard glass containers, and the like.
The error calculation method of the tipping bucket rainfall sensor comprises the following steps:
(1) The bucket number method is that the residual water amount measured by the rubber head scale suction pipe 2 is divided by the tipping bucket rainfall sensor metering bucket, the bucket capacity is converted into the bucket number, and the converted bucket number is input into the handheld instrument to calculate the error of the sensor;
(2) The bucket capacity method is characterized in that the residual water quantity is measured by the rubber head scale suction pipe 2, and the measured residual water quantity is directly input into a handheld instrument to calculate the error of a sensor;
(3) And (3) a table look-up method, namely judging the accuracy grade of the rainfall sensor according to the maximum allowable error specified by a skip bucket metering error table of JJJG (Water conservancy) 005-2017 ' water conservancy department metering and identifying regulation of the people's republic of China-skip bucket type rain gauge ', and the corresponding residual water range.
FIG. 7 is a graph of rain intensity Q versus time T, wherein the curve varies in a substantially rectangular shape;
V2Line change to initial stage of discharge, V2The water storage capacity corresponding to the line is the capacity V of the water stored in the air inlet pipe 1-32Indicated as water level H in FIG. 41-H0Segment corresponding to a variation time period of 0-t1；
V1Line change to an intermediate constant current state, V1The water storage capacity corresponding to the line is the bottom water line H0The volume V of the water stored in the bottle body 1-1-11Indicated as water level H in FIG. 42-H0Segment corresponding to a variation time period of t1-t2；
V3Line change to the final stage of discharge, V3the water storage capacity corresponding to the line is the capacity V of the water stored in the valve 1-43indicated as water level H in FIG. 43-H0Segment corresponding to a variation time period of t2-t3；
wherein the variation time period is 0-t1and a time period t2-t3Is much shorter than the time period t1-t2The length of time, and therefore the volume V of water stored in the rain measuring flask 1, during the entire discharge process1and V1The line changes to a draining process of the body.
Example 2: the bottle body assembly 1-1-1 is of an integrated structure, and a water outlet hole 1-1-3 is formed below the bottle body assembly; the water outlet hole 1-1-3 is in watertight connection with the lower valve 1-4. The rest is the same as example 1.
Example 3: the bottle body assembly 1-1-1 is divided into two parts with the same upper and lower structures from the middle, and consists of an upper bottle body 1-1-1-1 and a lower bottle body 1-1-1-2, and the upper bottle body 1-1-1-1 and the lower bottle body 1-1-1-2 are connected in a water-tight and air-tight manner. The rest is the same as example 1.
Example 4: in fig. 5, the bottle body support 6 is an integrated bottle body support, three rain gauges 1 are installed on one bottle body support 6, three discharge spouts 1-5 with different calibers are respectively installed on the three rain gauges 1, and the calibers are phi with large, medium and small raininess2-1、φ2-2And phi2-3The discharge spouts 1-5 with each caliber are combined with one rainfall bottle 1 to form a rainfall intensity simulation calibration device, the discharge spouts 1-5 with three calibers are combined with three rainfall bottles 1 to form a complete rainfall intensity simulation calibration device, and the simulation of three rainfall intensities can be simultaneously realized on the integrated bottle body support 6. The rest is the same as example 1.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a raininess of constant voltage ration water injection formula strong simulation calibrating device which characterized by: comprises a rain measuring bottle, a rubber head scale suction pipe, a hand-held instrument and a tipping bucket rain sensor; the rain gauge of the tipping bucket to be detected is positioned below the rain gauge bottle, and the tipping bucket rain sensor is arranged on the rain gauge of the tipping bucket to be detected; the output end of the tipping bucket rainfall sensor is connected with the input end of the handheld instrument;
The rubber head scale suction pipe is used for simulating the measurement of the residual water amount in the tipping bucket after the raining is finished.
2. The constant-pressure quantitative water injection type raininess simulation calibration device as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
The tipping bucket rain gauge comprises: a tipping bucket and a main bracket; a tipping bucket is arranged on the main support, a permanent magnet material is connected to the tipping bucket, a reed switch sensor is arranged on the main support and is positioned on a running track below the tipping bucket, and the reed switch sensor is connected with a hand-held instrument through a data acquisition line;
The hand-held instrument includes: the device comprises a shell, a battery, a keyboard, a display screen and a data acquisition circuit; the battery provides power for the keyboard, the display screen and the data acquisition circuit; the data acquisition circuit comprises a keyboard interface circuit, a display driving circuit, a pulse signal processing circuit and an MCU (microprogrammed control unit) singlechip; the keyboard is connected with the input end of the MCU singlechip through the keyboard interface circuit, and input information from the keyboard enters the MCU singlechip after being processed by the keyboard interface circuit; the output end of the MCU singlechip is connected with the display screen through a display driving circuit, and display information output by the MCU singlechip is transmitted to the display screen through the display driving circuit; the output end of the reed switch sensor is connected with the input end of the MCU singlechip through a pulse signal processing circuit, and pulse information from the reed switch sensor of the tipping bucket rainfall sensor enters the MCU singlechip through the pulse signal processing circuit;
the tipping bucket rainfall sensor is a reed switch sensor; or a hall switch.
3. the constant-pressure quantitative water injection type raininess simulation calibration device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the rainfall bottle comprises a bottle body assembly, an upper bottle cap, an air inlet pipe, a valve and a discharge spout; an upper bottle cap is arranged above the bottle body assembly, and the bottle body assembly and the upper bottle cap are in separable water-tight and air-tight connection; the air inlet pipe is embedded in the upper bottle cap and is in water-tight and air-tight connection with the upper bottle cap; a valve is arranged below the bottle body component, the valve is communicated with the water path of the bottle body component, and a discharge spout is arranged below the valve;
The bottle body assembly is of an integrated structure, a water outlet hole is formed in the lower portion of the bottle body assembly, and the water outlet hole is in watertight connection with a lower valve; or the bottle body assembly consists of a bottle body and a lower bottle cap; a valve is arranged below the lower bottle cap and communicated with the lower bottle cap water channel.
4. The constant-pressure quantitative water injection type raininess simulation calibration device as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the shape of the bottle body is that two ends are thin cylindrical, the middle section is thick cylindrical, or the bottle body is in a spherical structure, namely phi1＞φ3Wherein phi is1Is a middle section with a large diameter of phi3The diameter of the two ends of the bottle body is thin, and the thick diameter and the thin diameter of the bottle body are connected in a smooth transition way.
5. The constant-pressure quantitative water injection type raininess simulation calibration device as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the bottle body is of an integral structure; or the bottle body is divided into two parts with the same upper and lower structures from the middle, and consists of an upper bottle body and a lower bottle body which are connected in a water-tight and air-tight manner.
6. The constant-pressure quantitative water injection type raininess simulation calibration device as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the intake pipe include: the air inlet device comprises an air inlet upper port, a straight pipe and an air guide inclined port, wherein the air guide inclined port is positioned below the straight pipe; the air guide inclined opening is positioned at the bottom of the bottle body and the bottom water line H0flush.
7. The constant-pressure quantitative water injection type raininess simulation calibration device as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the caliber of the discharge spout is phi2three calibers with different sizes are respectively and correspondingly expressed as phi2-1、φ2-2And phi2-3Three rain intensities of large, medium and small are correspondingly simulated.
8. The use method of the constant-pressure quantitative water injection type raininess simulation calibration device in claim 1 is characterized in that: the using method comprises the following steps:
the tipping bucket rainfall sensor is connected with the hand-held instrument through a data acquisition line, and the rainfall bottle is arranged on the bottle body bracket;
Screwing down the upper bottle cap and opening the valve when the rainfall bottle is full of water;
When the tipping bucket of the tested tipping bucket rain gauge is turned for the first time, the handheld instrument starts to count the tipping bucket turning bucket number and the water drainage time length;
in the draining process, external atmosphere continuously and automatically enters the bottle through the air inlet pipe in the continuous draining period;
The water body is sealed in the bottle body, and the fall of the drainage head is a constant value delta h;
when the diameter phi of the discharge spout2For determining value, at V1the constant rain discharge strength of the device is kept in the water discharge period of the volume water;
After draining is stopped, the handheld instrument counts the number of the tipping buckets turned over by the tipping buckets and the draining time length;
Measuring the residual water amount in the tipping bucket of the tipping bucket rain gauge by using a rubber head scale suction pipe, inputting the measured residual water amount in the tipping bucket into a handheld instrument, and calculating the error of a tipping bucket rain sensor;
The handheld instrument displays the error of the tipping bucket rainfall sensor, the rainfall intensity and the rainfall duration.
9. The use method of the constant-pressure quantitative-water-injection type raininess simulation calibration device according to claim 8 is characterized in that: the total volume V of the water full of the water storage0The expression of (a) is: v0=V1+V2+V3+V4In the formula: v1Is a bottom water line H0The volume of the water stored in the rain bottle, V2Volume of water stored in the intake pipe, V3Volume for storing water inside the valve, V4Is a bottom water line H0The volume of water stored in the lower bottle body;
Total volume of discharge V5The expression is: v5=V0-V4Total volume of discharge V5314.16ml or 942.48ml, or their default values.
10. the use method of the constant-pressure quantitative-water-injection type raininess simulation calibration device according to claim 8 is characterized in that: the error calculation method of the tipping bucket rainfall sensor comprises the following steps:
(1) the bucket number method is that the residual water amount measured by the rubber head scale suction pipe 2 is divided by the tipping bucket rainfall sensor metering bucket, the bucket capacity is converted into the bucket number, and the converted bucket number is input into the handheld instrument to calculate the error of the sensor;
(2) The bucket capacity method is characterized in that the residual water quantity is measured by the rubber head scale suction pipe 2, and the measured residual water quantity is directly input into a handheld instrument to calculate the error of a sensor;
(3) And (3) a table look-up method, namely judging the accuracy grade of the rainfall sensor according to the maximum allowable error specified by a skip bucket metering error table of JJJG (Water conservancy) 005-2017 ' water conservancy department metering and identifying regulation of the people's republic of China-skip bucket type rain gauge ', and the corresponding residual water range.
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Application publication date: 20191213 |