CN110568482B - Fracture zone seismic interpretation method based on geological pattern constraint - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a fault zone earthquake interpretation method based on geological pattern constraint, which is characterized in that earthquake forward modeling is carried out on a fault zone based on the geological pattern and the characteristics of the fault zone of a local area, the fault zone is divided into a fault core part, a crack zone dense area is induced, a crack zone sparse area is induced, and the fault zone structure is divided by selecting instantaneous amplitude attribute and frequency division coherent RGB fusion technology under the guidance of the geological pattern and the forward modeling result. The fault fracture zone boundary is defined mainly by utilizing the amplitude abnormity of the zone fault fracture zone dolomitic lithology and undisturbed stratum, and the fault core part is depicted by utilizing the frequency division coherent RGB fusion technology and the instantaneous amplitude attribute combination. Finally, fault fracture band structures of main faults in the region are divided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of seismic data interpretation, in particular to a fracture zone seismic interpretation method based on geological pattern constraint.
Background
The fault can be used as a channel and can block the migration of oil and gas in the process of oil and gas accumulation, so that the fault not only controls the distribution rule of the oil and gas, but also determines the oil and gas containing property of trap; meanwhile, the fault is communicated with the adjacent developed oblique fracture to form a fracture-fracture network, and the fracture-fracture network has important influence in the oilfield flooding development process.
However, the traditional seismic interpretation is to regard the fault as a surface rather than a structural zone with a certain structure and attribute, which is not consistent with the actual outcrop and core, namely, the traditional seismic interpretation does not consider that the fault has a certain volume, so the fault property obtained by the method has poor reliability and causes serious influence on the later development of oil and gas, and therefore, the concept of fault fracture zone is very necessary to be introduced into the seismic interpretation.
The inventor proposes a fault enveloping body concept through research, explains that the fault enveloping body has a two-part structure of fault nucleus and a fracture zone, and the width of the surrounding rock fracture zone is increased along with the increase of fracture distance and sliding displacement of fracture. Sibson et al established the concept of seismic facies; kim defines that a surrounding rock crushing zone is a fracture system distributed on two sides of a fault sliding surface, the fracture density is gradually reduced along with the increase of the distance from the fault sliding surface, and the width of the surrounding rock crushing zone is increased along with the increase of the fracture distance and the sliding displacement; the characteristics of strong gold and the like that the fault fracture zone consists of a fracture surface filling material and derived cracks, the fracture surface filling material and the derived cracks can be symmetrically or asymmetrically distributed along the fracture surface, and different partitions of the fault fracture zone are distinguished through a logging curve; song et al summarized the tensile fault phase patterns in siliciclastic rock. In the aspect of conventional fault interpretation, a great deal of research is carried out at home and abroad, but in the aspect of fault zone interpretation, the research on the fine description of the fault zone by a method of new earthquake attributes is less common.
Based on the above reasons, how to provide a method for researching and simulating a fracture zone based on a seismic interpretation method of geological pattern constraints is a problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a method for seismic interpretation of a fault fracture zone based on a geological pattern and characteristics of the fault fracture zone, which takes the geological pattern and a forward result as guidance, divides the fault fracture zone into a fault core part, an induced crack zone dense area and an induced crack zone sparse area from the seismic interpretation angle, and selects an instantaneous amplitude attribute and a frequency division coherent RGB fusion technology to divide the fault fracture zone structure, thereby improving the seismic interpretation precision and the reference value.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a fracture zone seismic interpretation method based on geological pattern constraint comprises the following steps:
s1: establishing an earthquake forward modeling;
s2: earthquake forward modeling in fault fracture zone: selecting main frequency and seismic wavelets, setting channel spacing, and simulating a vertical propagation incidence method of horizontal boundary waves to perform forward modeling to obtain forward modeling waveform data and instantaneous amplitude data of a fault fracture zone;
s3: identifying the boundary of the fault fracture zone: according to the geological model of the fault fracture zone and the result of the forward modeling waveform data instantaneous amplitude data, extracting the dominant attribute for identifying the fault fracture zone based on the seismic data of the work area where the fault is located, and identifying and depicting the boundary of the fault fracture zone by overlapping and fusing the dominant attribute to identify the boundary of the fault fracture zone and the boundary of a fault core.
Further, the forward modeling in S1 is a forward modeling that is created according to the development pattern of the fault fracture zone obtained from the local core and slice.
Further, the fault fracture zone geological pattern in the S3 is obtained by the core data and the slices of the work area.
Further, the advantageous attributes in S3 include: instantaneous amplitude properties, frequency division properties, and coherence properties.
The beneficial effects of the further technical scheme are as follows: the fault nucleus part has sudden change of amplitude due to the action of diffraction waves and the wave scattering action existing in the induced crack zone, so that the induced crack zone and the fault nucleus part can be distinguished; the coherence properties may further account for slight variations in the lateral direction; the frequency division technology can further accurately identify geological anomalies; the superposition of the dominant attributes can further improve the accuracy of the interpretation.
Further, the S3 specifically includes the following steps:
s31: identifying the trace line position where the strong abrupt change amplitude in the S2 forward modeling waveform data is located and the amplitude abnormal region of the instantaneous amplitude data, and determining that the induced crack zone and the fault nucleus part can cause amplitude abnormality;
s32: and processing the seismic data of the work area where the fault is located by adopting a frequency division coherent RGB fusion technology, determining the fault core part boundary, and finishing fault fracture zone boundary identification and drawing.
Further, the S32 specifically includes the following steps:
s321: processing the seismic data of the fault work area by using a coherence enhanced anisotropic filtering technology to obtain filtered seismic data;
s322: frequency division is carried out on the seismic data filtered in S321 to obtain a plurality of single-frequency bodies, and then coherence attribute analysis is carried out on the single-frequency bodies respectively to obtain frequency division coherence slices of the single-frequency bodies;
s323: selecting a single-frequency body coherent slice for RGB fusion to obtain a frequency division coherent RGB fusion result;
s324: and comparing and analyzing the instantaneous amplitude attribute graph based on the frequency division coherent RGB fusion result, determining the fault core boundary, and completing fault fracture zone boundary prediction and characterization.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects: an earthquake explanation mode of a fault fracture zone is established, a forward mode is used for explaining a zone with weak phase vibration and amplitude in the fault fracture zone, a fault nucleus part is not necessarily developed, and a dense induction crack zone has similar response; the earthquake response characteristics of the fault fracture zone mode of the region are summarized based on a forward conclusion, then according to the characteristics of a local geological mode, the forward result is combined, the characteristic that amplitude difference is caused by the fact that the fault fracture zone is subjected to dolomite lithification is utilized, the boundary of the fault fracture zone is carved, a frequency division coherent RGB fusion technology is used for carving a plane fault profile, the characteristic that the fault core part is weak in energy due to diffracted waves is utilized for carving the fault core part, systematic and accurate earthquake explanation is conducted on the fault fracture zone structure of the work region, and the reference value of the earthquake explanation is improved.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a work area according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a fault fracture zone development in a work area according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a model diagram of a seismic forward modeling of a work area in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a work area earthquake forward result diagram in the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of instantaneous amplitude of forward results of earthquake in a work area according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an explanation of a fault fracture zone earthquake in a work area according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the instantaneous amplitude of a work area in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a 30Hz original slice of the work area according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a 30HZ diffusion filtering coherent slice of a work area in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a cross-sectional coherent edge at different frequencies in a work area according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a diagram of a region-of-work frequency division coherent RGB fusion result in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a graph of instantaneous amplitude profiles of a work area in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a plan view of the instantaneous amplitude of the work area in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of the instantaneous amplitude of a work area in an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
According to the technical scheme of the invention, the great Lu lake oilfield region 162 is used as a research object for research, and the specific operations are as follows:
1. general overview of work area
The working area is located in the region of the great luhu oil field fan 162, the great luhu oil field is located in a deep-lying area in the northwest of the Boxing depression, the west of the deep-lying Qingcheng is raised, the northwest of the deep-lying area is separated from the Jiazhuang-Square king hidden mountain area by a Gaoqing-Pingnan fault crushing zone, the east of the deep-lying area is adjacent to a purified nose structure, and the south of the deep-lying area is connected with the Jinjia nose structure. The fan 162 area is located in the southeast of the Dalu lake oil field, the northern part of the Jinjia-fan home nose-shaped structural zone and the high and green fault descending disc have the general structural trend of being high in the southeast and low in the northwest, and under the combined action of the depression control fault high and green-flat south fault and the Boxing fault, the regional geological stress mainly extends in the north and south directions and has right-hand tension and torsion stress, a series of pot inclination normal faults in the east and west directions of the north east and the west directions are mainly developed, the fall is 10-400m, and the position diagram is shown in an attached figure 1.
2. Fault fracture zone geologic model
Dividing the structural mode of a fault broken belt of a work area according to core data of the work area, wherein as shown in the attached figure 2, a large amount of angular fault cornerite, fine particle clastic rock and micro-cracks are widely developed at the core part of the fault, the scale of the cracks is large, the filling type is full filling, calcite filling, pulse-shaped, basic dolomitic and fractured dolomitic rock, and fault mud is arranged on two sides. Inducing the crack belt to develop large-scale cracks internally, wherein the filling type is half filling, calcite filling, inducing the crack belt to form dolomite, and gradually weakening the fracture action and the dolomite action towards two sides.
3. Earthquake forward modeling and dominant attribute stacking identification in fault fracture zone
3.1 fault fracture zone earthquake forward modeling
And further establishing a forward model of the work area based on the development mode of the fault core part shown in the attached figure 2 obtained from the rock core and the slice. In the designed forward modeling, the magnitude relation of the speed between different areas is determined by the acoustic logging data of the fault fracture zone, and the speed is reduced from the fault core part to the original stratum zone in sequence. The fault core part is designed to be 3 meters, the fault mud on two sides is respectively 1 meter, and the range of the crack belt on two sides is 15 to 20 meters, so that the total range of the crack belt is 40 to 45 meters, as shown in figure 3.
The earthquake forward modeling adopts a method of simulating a vertical transmission incidence method of horizontal boundary waves, selects 30HZ earthquake wavelets and sets the channel spacing to be 15m, and the forward modeling result is shown in the attached figures 4 and 5;
from the forward modeling conclusion of fig. 4 and fig. 5, the area drawn by the blue line in the graph is the area of phase amplitude change caused by the fault nucleus part and the induced crack zone, the calculation is carried out with the track interval of 15m, the area identified by the earthquake is about 45m, and the area conforms to the forward modeling model, namely, the fault nucleus part and the induced crack zone can change the phase amplitude, in the actual work, the fault nucleus part can cause weaker amplitude energy due to the existence of the diffracted wave, the induced crack zone can weaken the amplitude energy due to the scattering effect of the crack on the longitudinal wave, but the amplitude energy is not obvious under the low-frequency condition, and the induced crack zone and the fault nucleus part are distinguished by using the characteristic;
in the boundary region of the induced crack zone, the influence on the phase is weaker due to the lower crack density, the generated scattering effect is lower, as shown in the 20 th track of the middle layer and the 22 th track of the upper layer in the figure 4, but the amplitude mutation (as shown in the figure 5) occurs in the boundary due to the existence of the dolomite lithology because the induced crack zone region of the work area has the dolomite lithology, and the boundary of the fault fracture zone can be carved by utilizing the characteristic;
establishing a local fault fracture zone earthquake explanation mode according to the conclusion, and defining a blue area in the graph as a fault nucleus part and weaker amplitude as shown in figure 6; the green area is an induced crack zone dense area which can cause waveform change due to dense cracks; the yellow area is an induced crack zone sparse area, and a small number of cracks exist in the area, so that waveform change cannot be influenced; in the graph, AA 'and BB' are the result of the horizon tracking of a relatively stable homophase axis region, namely an induced crack zone sparse region, and amplitude mutation generated by the wave impedance difference between the induced crack zone dolomitic lithology and an undisturbed stratum is used for distinguishing at the positions A 'and B'; AB is a horizon tracking result obtained by interpolation of a disordered region of the same phase axis, namely an induced crack zone dense region and a fault nucleus part, and is distinguished by utilizing weak nucleus part amplitude caused by diffraction waves.
When the explanation along the layer plane is made, the slice along the layer as shown in fig. 6 is the range shown in the plan view.
3.2 induced crack zone boundary identification
According to the forward conclusion, the boundary of the fracture zone is depicted, as shown in fig. 7, according to the instantaneous amplitude profile, it can be found that compared with the amplitude value of the same layer, an amplitude abnormal region appears near the adjacent fault and is distributed around the fault in a dotted manner, as shown in a red circle of fig. 7, the conclusion is consistent with that obtained by forward simulation, and due to the white cloud of the induced fracture zone, an amplitude abnormal occurs at the boundary of the induced fracture zone.
As shown in fig. 7, the black solid line in the figure is the extension distance of the fault fracture zone, the red dotted line is the fault fracture zone boundary obtained through amplitude abnormality, the red circle selects the main large fault fracture zone in the work area to depict the fault fracture zone boundary, the strong amplitude appearing around the fault is the amplitude abnormal region caused by inducing the white cloud formation of the fracture zone boundary, the main fault fracture zones in the work area are found to be in the form of the fracture zones developing on both sides of the core part, the actual seismic data inter-track distance of the work area is 25 meters for calculation, and the transverse spreading range of the main fault fracture zone in the work area is about 75 meters.
3.3 Fault core boundary identification
The method is characterized in that a plane fault outline is carved by using a frequency division coherent RGB fusion technology, the outline is the distance of an AB section in a graph 3, and then the fault core part in the AB section is carved by using the characteristic that the fault core part has weak energy due to diffracted waves.
Specifically, a 30HZ original coherent slice is produced, as shown in fig. 8; then, processing the seismic data by using a coherence enhanced anisotropic filtering technology, suppressing noise, improving transverse continuity, enhancing the imaging capability of the seismic data on the internal structure of the layer sequence body, and then manufacturing a filtered coherent slice, as shown in the attached figure 9; as can be seen from fig. 8 and 9, some of the coherence anomalies caused by topography and noise are smoothed out by diffusion filtering, while at the same time the coherence low regions near the faults are preserved.
After diffusion filtering, making a conventional coherent slice based on amplitude calculation; then frequency division is carried out on the seismic data, and frequency division coherence attributes of 10HZ to 50HZ are respectively manufactured at intervals of 10HZ, as shown in figure 10; as can be seen from FIG. 10, coherence can show the extension trend and the approximate range of the fault core part, and by comparison, coherent body slices of different frequency bands and conventional coherence show the general characteristics of the fault plane distribution which are similar, but have different detailed characteristics.
Selecting coherent 10HZ, 30HZ and 50HZ slice with good display effect to perform RGB fusion to obtain frequency division coherent RGB fusion result, as shown in figure 11;
the 10HZ coherence property exhibits mainly large, long-run faults; the 30HZ coherence attribute is similar to the original seismic data dominant frequency, and mainly reflects medium-scale fracture; the 50HZ coherence attribute reflects richer fracture development characteristics, details of a smaller-scale fault are depicted more clearly, and instantaneous amplitude bedding slices are manufactured by utilizing the characteristic that the fault core part has weaker amplitude due to diffracted waves, as shown in FIG. 12, and FIG. 11 and FIG. 12 are compared:
as shown in fig. 11, red represents 10HZ low frequency slices, green represents 30HZ intermediate frequency information, and blue represents 50HZ high frequency information, according to the color synthesis principle: red + green-yellow, green + blue-cyan, red + blue-magenta, red + green + blue-white, yellow in the figure is the result of low and medium frequency fusion, which is reflected by larger scale information; the magenta is a low-frequency and high-frequency fusion result and reflects that the fault has an early fault with larger fault distance and a later secondary fault or crack with smaller fault distance; cyan in the figure is the result of medium and high frequency fusion, reflecting the smaller pitch, more advanced order fractures or fissures. The main fault of the work area is characterized based on the frequency division coherent RGB technology, as shown in FIG. 12, the fault area has obvious amplitude value variation, the range and the extending distance of the instantaneous amplitude value below 6000 are similar to the extending distance of the core of the frequency division coherent red fault, and then the fault core range can be defined in the instantaneous amplitude attribute diagram of FIG. 12. The fault core portion has a width of 25m or less within a range of one track pitch.
According to the conclusion, the instantaneous amplitude attribute is utilized to comprehensively explain the fault core part and the induced crack zone of the layer.
As shown in fig. 13 and 14, the section shown in fig. 14 is a section where the black line in fig. 13 is located, and the fault fracture zone is explained according to the fault fracture zone seismic interpretation mode shown in fig. 3 to 5. According to the characteristic that the amplitude value of the fault nucleus part is weak, dividing a red line dotted line region into a fault nucleus part range, wherein the scale is small and is within one track interval, and the amplitude is abnormal due to weak amplitude value and boundary dolomite lithification caused by wave scattering caused by a crack zone; by utilizing the instantaneous amplitude attribute and the frequency division coherent RGB fusion attribute, different parts of the main fault fracture zone of the work area are distinguished.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (4)
1. A fracture zone seismic interpretation method based on geological pattern constraint is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: establishing an earthquake forward modeling;
s2: earthquake forward modeling in fault fracture zone: selecting main frequency and seismic wavelets, setting channel spacing, and simulating a vertical propagation incidence method of horizontal boundary waves to perform forward modeling to obtain forward modeling waveform data and instantaneous amplitude data of a fault fracture zone;
s3: identifying the boundary of the fault fracture zone: according to the geological pattern of the fault fracture zone and the result of the forward modeling waveform data instantaneous amplitude data, extracting the dominant attribute for identifying the fault fracture zone based on the seismic data of the work area where the fault is located, and identifying and depicting the boundary of the fault fracture zone by overlapping and fusing the dominant attribute to identify the boundary of the fault fracture zone and the boundary of a fault core;
the S3 specifically includes the following steps:
s31: identifying the trace line position where the strong abrupt change amplitude in the S2 forward modeling waveform data is located and the amplitude abnormal region of the instantaneous amplitude data, and determining that the induced crack zone and the fault nucleus part can cause amplitude abnormality;
s32: processing seismic data of a work area where a fault is located by adopting a frequency division coherent RGB fusion technology, determining a fault core boundary, and completing fault fracture zone boundary identification and delineation;
the S32 specifically includes the following steps:
s321: processing the seismic data of the fault work area by using a coherence enhanced anisotropic filtering technology to obtain filtered seismic data;
s322: frequency division is carried out on the seismic data filtered in S321 to obtain a plurality of single-frequency bodies, and then coherence attribute analysis is carried out on the single-frequency bodies respectively to obtain frequency division coherence slices of the single-frequency bodies;
s323: selecting a single-frequency body coherent slice for RGB fusion to obtain a frequency division coherent RGB fusion result;
s324: and comparing and analyzing the instantaneous amplitude attribute graph based on the frequency division coherent RGB fusion result, determining the fault core boundary, and completing fault fracture zone boundary prediction and characterization.
2. The method for explaining fracture zone earthquake according to geological pattern constraints as defined in claim 1, wherein the forward modeling in S1 is a forward modeling based on the development pattern of the fracture zone obtained from local cores and slices.
3. The fracture zone seismic interpretation method based on geological pattern constraint is characterized in that the fault fracture zone geological pattern in the S3 is obtained from core data and slices of a work area.
4. The method for fracture zone seismic interpretation based on geological pattern constraints as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dominance attributes in S3 include: instantaneous amplitude properties, frequency division properties, and coherence properties.
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