CN110567625A - A parking wedge maximum static friction measuring device and its measuring method - Google Patents
A parking wedge maximum static friction measuring device and its measuring method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种停车楔最大静摩擦力测量装置及其测量方法，所述装置包括基座，基座上端固定有立柱，立柱的上端与横梁固定，横梁下端固定有滑轨，滑轨上设有滑动底座，滑动底座下端固定有竖直压力液压油缸，竖直压力液压油缸下端设有竖直压力头，其中一个立柱上设有水平油缸支座，水平油缸支座一端固定有水平推力液压油缸，水平推力液压油缸一端设有水平压力头，竖直压力头和水平压力头分别与压力合成轴铰接，连接头固定在加载压板上端。该停车楔最大静摩擦力测量装置及其测量方法可以精确测出停车楔的最大静摩擦力，而且能方便地显示出在压力加载过程中停车楔静摩擦力的变化过程。
The invention discloses a device for measuring the maximum static friction force of a parking wedge and a measuring method thereof. The device comprises a base, a column is fixed on the upper end of the base, the upper end of the column is fixed to a beam, and a slide rail is fixed on the lower end of the beam. There is a sliding base, the lower end of the sliding base is fixed with a vertical pressure hydraulic cylinder, the lower end of the vertical pressure hydraulic cylinder is provided with a vertical pressure head, one of the columns is provided with a horizontal cylinder support, and one end of the horizontal cylinder support is fixed with a horizontal thrust hydraulic cylinder , one end of the horizontal thrust hydraulic cylinder is provided with a horizontal pressure head, the vertical pressure head and the horizontal pressure head are respectively hinged with the pressure synthesis shaft, and the connection head is fixed on the top of the loading platen. The device for measuring the maximum static friction force of the parking wedge and the measuring method thereof can accurately measure the maximum static friction force of the parking wedge, and can conveniently display the change process of the static friction force of the parking wedge during the pressure loading process.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种测量最大静摩擦力的装置，具体涉及一种停车楔最大静摩擦力测量装置及其测量方法。The invention relates to a device for measuring the maximum static friction force, in particular to a device for measuring the maximum static friction force of a parking wedge and a measuring method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
目前，公知的物理学摩擦力测量装置构造是由金属板、物块和弹簧测力计组成。测量时将金属板静止放在水平桌面上，物块放在金属板上，物块的右端由弹簧测力计勾住，用手通过弹簧测力计再向右拉，当物块开始向右运动时，弹簧测力计的读值就是最大静摩擦力。这种方法完全由手工操作，测量误差极大，只能用于原理演示，不能进行精确的工业测量。At present, the structure of the known physical friction measuring device is composed of a metal plate, a block and a spring dynamometer. When measuring, put the metal plate still on the horizontal table, place the object on the metal plate, hook the right end of the object by the spring dynamometer, and then pull it to the right through the spring dynamometer by hand, when the object starts to move to the right When in motion, the spring dynamometer reads the maximum static friction. This method is completely operated by hand, and the measurement error is extremely large. It can only be used for principle demonstration, and cannot be used for accurate industrial measurement.
停车楔是防止汽车在驻车时打滑移动的器具。停车楔与地面的摩擦力是衡量它性能的重要指标。但目前尚无关于停车楔最大静摩擦力测量的装置。为了克服现有的最大静摩擦力测量精度差、填补停车楔最大静摩擦力测量的空白，本发明提出一种用于停车楔最大静摩擦力的测量装置，该装置不仅能精确测出停车楔的最大静摩擦力，而且能方便地显示出在压力加载过程中停车楔静摩擦力的变化过程。A parking wedge is a device that prevents a car from slipping and moving when it is parked. The friction between the parking wedge and the ground is an important indicator to measure its performance. But there is no device for measuring the maximum static friction of the parking wedge at present. In order to overcome the existing poor measurement accuracy of the maximum static friction force and fill the gap in the measurement of the maximum static friction force of the parking wedge, the present invention proposes a measuring device for the maximum static friction force of the parking wedge, which can not only accurately measure the maximum static friction of the parking wedge Force, and can conveniently show the change process of parking wedge static friction force in the process of pressure loading.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种停车楔最大静摩擦力测量装置及其测量方法，其可以精确测出停车楔的最大静摩擦力，而且能方便地显示出在压力加载过程中停车楔静摩擦力的变化过程。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a parking wedge maximum static friction measuring device and its measuring method, which can accurately measure the maximum static friction of the parking wedge, and can conveniently show the change process of the parking wedge static friction during the pressure loading process .
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
一种停车楔最大静摩擦力测量装置，包括基座，所述基座上端固定有两个立柱，所述两个立柱的上端与横梁固定，所述横梁下端固定有滑轨，所述滑轨上设有滑动底座，所述滑动底座下端固定有竖直压力液压油缸，所述竖直压力液压油缸下端设有竖直压力头，所述竖直压力头与竖直压力液压油缸之间设有竖直压力传感器，其中一个所述立柱上设有水平油缸支座，所述水平油缸支座一端固定有水平推力液压油缸，所述水平推力液压油缸远离水平油缸支座的一端设有水平压力头，所述水平推力液压油缸与水平压力头之间设有水平压力传感器，所述竖直压力头和水平压力头分别与压力合成轴铰接，所述压力合成轴设置在连接头的销孔内，所述连接头固定在加载压板上端，所述加载压板下端固定有橡胶层。A device for measuring the maximum static friction force of a parking wedge, comprising a base, two uprights are fixed on the upper end of the base, the upper ends of the two uprights are fixed to a beam, the lower end of the beam is fixed with a slide rail, and There is a sliding base, the lower end of the sliding base is fixed with a vertical pressure hydraulic cylinder, the lower end of the vertical pressure hydraulic cylinder is provided with a vertical pressure head, and a vertical pressure head is arranged between the vertical pressure head and the vertical pressure hydraulic cylinder. A straight pressure sensor, one of the columns is provided with a horizontal oil cylinder support, one end of the horizontal oil cylinder support is fixed with a horizontal thrust hydraulic cylinder, and the end of the horizontal thrust hydraulic cylinder away from the horizontal oil cylinder support is provided with a horizontal pressure head, A horizontal pressure sensor is provided between the horizontal thrust hydraulic oil cylinder and the horizontal pressure head, and the vertical pressure head and the horizontal pressure head are respectively hinged to the pressure synthesis shaft, and the pressure synthesis shaft is arranged in the pin hole of the connector, so that The connecting head is fixed on the upper end of the loading platen, and a rubber layer is fixed on the lower end of the loading platen.
优选地，所述基座上端固定有铸铁平板。Preferably, a cast iron plate is fixed on the upper end of the base.
优选地，所述基座内设有液压站。Preferably, a hydraulic station is provided inside the base.
优选地，所述基座外壁上设有液压站操控器。Preferably, a hydraulic station manipulator is provided on the outer wall of the base.
优选地，一种停车楔最大静摩擦力测量方法，包括以下步骤：Preferably, a method for measuring the maximum static friction of a parking wedge comprises the following steps:
(1)利用停车楔最大静摩擦力测量装置进行测量，将铸铁平板固定在基座上，不得有松动，固定后的铸铁平板在任意方向上与水平面的倾斜角度不大于0.2°，擦拭铸铁平板的测试表面，使铸铁平板上不得有油污和水渍；(1) Use the parking wedge maximum static friction measuring device to measure, fix the cast iron plate on the base without any looseness, the angle of inclination between the fixed cast iron plate and the horizontal plane in any direction is not more than 0.2°, wipe the cast iron plate Test the surface so that the cast iron plate is free from oil and water stains;
(2)将停车楔产品试件的底面平放在铸铁平板的测试表面上，使加载压板的下沿与停车楔弧面的下沿对齐；(2) Place the bottom surface of the parking wedge product test piece flat on the test surface of the cast iron plate, so that the lower edge of the loading plate is aligned with the lower edge of the parking wedge arc surface;
(3)首先调节竖直压力液压油缸的油压，使加载的竖直压力达到额定压力值后停止下压，该压力值可由数码显示器显示，并在整个测试过程中保持竖直压力不变；(3) First adjust the oil pressure of the vertical pressure hydraulic cylinder so that the loaded vertical pressure reaches the rated pressure value and then stop pressing down. The pressure value can be displayed by a digital display, and the vertical pressure remains unchanged throughout the test process;
(4)逐渐缓慢增加水平推力液压油缸的油压，同时观察计算机显示屏上水平推力的变化，当停车楔发生水平移动时停止增加水平推力，测量结束；(4) Gradually and slowly increase the oil pressure of the horizontal thrust hydraulic cylinder, and at the same time observe the change of the horizontal thrust on the computer display screen, stop increasing the horizontal thrust when the parking wedge moves horizontally, and the measurement is over;
(5)观察测量的摩擦力变化曲线图，曲线图中水平推力发生减小前的最大值即是最大静摩擦力。(5) Observe the measured friction change curve, the maximum value in the curve before the horizontal thrust decreases is the maximum static friction.
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:
本发明可以精确测出停车楔的最大静摩擦力，而且能方便地显示出在压力加载过程中停车楔静摩擦力的变化过程。The invention can accurately measure the maximum static friction force of the parking wedge, and can conveniently display the change process of the static friction force of the parking wedge during the pressure loading process.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明实施例中一种停车楔最大静摩擦力测量装置的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a parking wedge maximum static friction measuring device in an embodiment of the present invention;
图2是图1中A处的放大图；Fig. 2 is the enlarged view of place A in Fig. 1;
图3是加大水平推力过程中摩擦力的变化曲线图；Fig. 3 is the change curve diagram of frictional force in the process of increasing horizontal thrust;
图4是现有技术摩擦力测量装置；Fig. 4 is prior art friction measuring device;
图中，1、基座，2、立柱，3、横梁，4、滑轨，5、滑动底座，6、竖直压力液压油缸，7、竖直压力头，8、竖直压力传感器，9、水平油缸支座，10、水平推力液压油缸，11、水平压力头，12、水平压力传感器，13、压力合成轴，14、连接头，15、加载压板，16、橡胶层，17、铸铁平板，18、液压站，19、液压站操控器，20、停车楔，21、水平桌面，22、金属板，23、物块，24、弹簧测力计。In the figure, 1. base, 2. column, 3. beam, 4. slide rail, 5. sliding base, 6. vertical pressure hydraulic cylinder, 7. vertical pressure head, 8. vertical pressure sensor, 9. Horizontal cylinder support, 10. Horizontal thrust hydraulic cylinder, 11. Horizontal pressure head, 12. Horizontal pressure sensor, 13. Pressure synthesis shaft, 14. Connector, 15. Loading pressure plate, 16. Rubber layer, 17. Cast iron plate, 18. Hydraulic station, 19. Hydraulic station manipulator, 20. Parking wedge, 21. Horizontal table top, 22. Metal plate, 23. Object block, 24. Spring dynamometer.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
请参阅图1-2所示，一种停车楔最大静摩擦力测量装置，包括基座1，基座1上端固定有两个立柱2，两个立柱2的上端与横梁3固定。横梁3下端固定有滑轨4，滑轨4上设有滑动底座5，滑动底座5下端固定有竖直压力液压油缸6，竖直压力液压油缸6下端设有竖直压力头7，竖直压力头7与竖直压力液压油缸6之间设有竖直压力传感器8，竖直压力头7和竖直压力传感器8固定安装在竖直压力液压油缸6的活塞端。其中一个立柱2上设有水平油缸支座9，水平油缸支座9可在立柱2上滑动，可以通过调节水平油缸支座9使水平推力液压油缸整体沿着立柱2上下移动。水平油缸支座9一端固定有水平推力液压油缸10，水平推力液压油缸10远离水平油缸支座9的一端设有水平压力头11，水平推力液压油缸10与水平压力头11之间设有水平压力传感器12，水平压力头11和水平压力传感器12固定安装在水平推力液压油缸10的活塞端。竖直压力头7和水平压力头11分别与压力合成轴13铰接，压力合成轴13销在连接头14的销孔内，连接头14固定在加载压板15上端，加载压板15下端固定有橡胶层16，基座1上端固定有铸铁平板17。Please refer to Fig. 1-2, a device for measuring the maximum static friction force of a parking wedge includes a base 1, two uprights 2 are fixed on the upper end of the base 1, and the upper ends of the two uprights 2 are fixed to a beam 3. The lower end of the crossbeam 3 is fixed with a slide rail 4, the slide rail 4 is provided with a sliding base 5, the lower end of the sliding base 5 is fixed with a vertical pressure hydraulic cylinder 6, and the lower end of the vertical pressure hydraulic cylinder 6 is provided with a vertical pressure head 7, and the vertical pressure hydraulic cylinder 6 is provided with a vertical pressure head 7. A vertical pressure sensor 8 is arranged between the head 7 and the vertical pressure hydraulic cylinder 6 , and the vertical pressure head 7 and the vertical pressure sensor 8 are fixedly mounted on the piston end of the vertical pressure hydraulic cylinder 6 . One of the columns 2 is provided with a horizontal oil cylinder support 9, which can slide on the column 2, and the horizontal thrust hydraulic cylinder can be moved up and down along the column 2 as a whole by adjusting the horizontal oil cylinder support 9. One end of the horizontal oil cylinder support 9 is fixed with a horizontal thrust hydraulic cylinder 10, and the end of the horizontal thrust hydraulic cylinder 10 away from the horizontal oil cylinder support 9 is provided with a horizontal pressure head 11, and a horizontal pressure head 11 is provided between the horizontal thrust hydraulic oil cylinder 10 and the horizontal pressure head 11. The sensor 12 , the horizontal pressure head 11 and the horizontal pressure sensor 12 are fixedly installed on the piston end of the horizontal thrust hydraulic cylinder 10 . The vertical pressure head 7 and the horizontal pressure head 11 are respectively hinged with the pressure synthesis shaft 13, the pressure synthesis shaft 13 is pinned in the pin hole of the connector 14, the connector 14 is fixed on the upper end of the loading platen 15, and the lower end of the loading platen 15 is fixed with a rubber layer 16. A cast iron plate 17 is fixed on the upper end of the base 1 .
基座1内设有液压站18，基座1外壁上设有液压站操控器19。液压站18通过液压站操控器19向竖直压力液压油缸6和水平推力液压油缸10施加加载油压。竖直压力传感器8与变送器一连接，变送器一与数码显示器连接，水平压力传感器12与变送器二连接，变送器二与数据采集器连接，数据采集器与计算机连接。竖直压力传感器8和水平压力传感器12分别将所承受的压力转换成电流，变送器一和变送器二一方面给传感器输送供电电压，另一方面将承接的传感器电流向外输送。变送器一将竖直压力传感器8的信号输送给数码显示器显示正压力的静态数值，变送器二将水平压力传感器12的信号送给数据采集器进行数模转换，经计算机运算显示出如图3所示的静摩擦力变化曲线。A hydraulic station 18 is provided inside the base 1 , and a hydraulic station controller 19 is provided on the outer wall of the base 1 . The hydraulic station 18 applies loading oil pressure to the vertical pressure hydraulic cylinder 6 and the horizontal thrust hydraulic cylinder 10 through the hydraulic station controller 19 . The vertical pressure sensor 8 is connected with the transmitter one, the transmitter one is connected with the digital display, the horizontal pressure sensor 12 is connected with the transmitter two, the transmitter two is connected with the data collector, and the data collector is connected with the computer. The vertical pressure sensor 8 and the horizontal pressure sensor 12 respectively convert the pressure they bear into current. Transmitter 1 and transmitter 2 supply the power supply voltage to the sensor on the one hand, and transmit the received sensor current to the outside on the other hand. Transmitter 1 transmits the signal of the vertical pressure sensor 8 to the digital display to display the static value of the positive pressure, and Transmitter 2 transmits the signal of the horizontal pressure sensor 12 to the data collector for digital-to-analog conversion. Figure 3 shows the static friction curve.
一种停车楔最大静摩擦力的测量方法，具体步骤如下：A method for measuring the maximum static friction force of a parking wedge, the specific steps are as follows:
(1)将铸铁平板17固定在基座1上，不得有松动，固定后的铸铁平板17在任意方向上与水平面的倾斜角度不大于0.2°，擦拭铸铁平板17的测试表面，使铸铁平板17上不得有油污和水渍；(1) Fix the cast iron plate 17 on the base 1 without loosening. The angle of inclination between the fixed cast iron plate 17 and the horizontal plane is not greater than 0.2° in any direction. Wipe the test surface of the cast iron plate 17 to make the cast iron plate 17 There must be no oil and water stains on the surface;
(2)将停车楔20产品试件的底面平放在铸铁平板17的测试表面上，按图1所示安装好加载压板15、竖直压力液压油缸6和水平推力液压油缸10，并使加载压板15的下沿与停车楔20弧面的下沿对齐；(2) Place the bottom surface of the parking wedge 20 product test piece flat on the test surface of the cast iron plate 17, install the loading platen 15, the vertical pressure hydraulic cylinder 6 and the horizontal thrust hydraulic cylinder 10 as shown in Figure 1, and make the loading The lower edge of the pressing plate 15 is aligned with the lower edge of the arc surface of the parking wedge 20;
(3)首先调节竖直压力液压油缸6的油压，使加载的竖直压力达到额定压力值FN后停止下压，该压力值可由数码显示器显示，并在整个测试过程中保持竖直压力FN不变；(3) First adjust the oil pressure of the vertical pressure hydraulic cylinder 6, so that the loaded vertical pressure reaches the rated pressure value F N and then stop pressing down. The pressure value can be displayed by a digital display, and the vertical pressure is maintained throughout the test process F N unchanged;
(4)逐渐缓慢增加水平推力液压油缸10的油压，同时观察计算机显示屏上水平推力的变化，当停车楔20发生水平移动时停止增加水平推力，测量结束；(4) gradually increase the oil pressure of the horizontal thrust hydraulic oil cylinder 10, observe the variation of the horizontal thrust on the computer display screen simultaneously, stop increasing the horizontal thrust when the parking wedge 20 moves horizontally, and the measurement ends;
(5)测量的摩擦力变化曲线如图3所示，图中水平推力发生突然减小前的最大值FLmax即是最大静摩擦力Fs；(5) The measured friction force change curve is shown in Figure 3, and the maximum value F Lmax before the horizontal thrust suddenly decreases in the figure is the maximum static friction force Fs;
现有技术摩擦力测量装置如图4所示，具体方法是将金属板22静止放在水平桌面21上，把物块23放在金属板22上，物块23的右端由弹簧测力计24勾住，用手通过弹簧测力计24向右拉物块23，当物块23开始向右运动时，弹簧测力计24的读值就是最大静摩擦力。这种方法完全由手工操作，测量误差极大，只能用于原理演示，不能进行精确的工业测量。Prior art friction measuring device as shown in Figure 4, the specific method is to put the metal plate 22 statically on the horizontal desktop 21, put the object block 23 on the metal plate 22, the right end of the object block 23 is controlled by the spring dynamometer 24 Hook it up, pull the block 23 to the right by the spring dynamometer 24 with your hands, and when the block 23 started to move to the right, the reading of the spring dynamometer 24 was the maximum static friction. This method is completely operated by hand, and the measurement error is extremely large. It can only be used for principle demonstration, and cannot be used for accurate industrial measurement.
工作原理：由竖直压力液压油缸6和竖直压力传感器8组成正压力FN的加载系统，由水平压力传感器12和水平推力液压油缸10组成水平推力FL的加载系统。水平推力FL与静摩擦力FS的大小相等，方向相反，也就是说在数值上水平推力FL等于静摩擦力FS；正压力FN与水平推力FL在压力合成轴13上的合力就是汽车轮胎在斜坡上对停车楔的作用力。因此，只要在一定正压力FN作用下测出水平推力FL的值就能得到静摩擦力FS的大小。由竖直压力传感器8、变送器一和数码显示器组成正压力FN数值显示；由水平压力传感器12、变送器二、数据采集器、计算机和计算机上的测试软件组成静摩擦力FS的测量系统。当在竖直加载达到某一额定压力时，缓慢加载水平推力，被测停车楔的底面与铸铁平板17间的静摩擦力就会发生变化，从而可以进行静摩擦力的测试。在被测停车楔20开始移动时，为了防止由于加载压板15的移动产生损坏竖直压力液压油缸6的弯转力矩，固定在竖直压力液压油缸6另一端的滑动底座5可以使之沿着滑轨4自由地水平滑动，消除弯转力矩的破坏作用。Working principle: The positive pressure F N loading system is composed of the vertical pressure hydraulic cylinder 6 and the vertical pressure sensor 8, and the horizontal thrust FL loading system is composed of the horizontal pressure sensor 12 and the horizontal thrust hydraulic cylinder 10. The horizontal thrust F L and the static friction force F S are equal in size and opposite in direction, that is to say, the horizontal thrust F L is equal to the static friction force F S in value; the resultant force of the normal pressure F N and the horizontal thrust F L on the pressure synthesis axis 13 is The force exerted by a car tire on a parking wedge on a slope. Therefore, as long as the value of the horizontal thrust F L is measured under a certain normal pressure F N , the magnitude of the static friction F S can be obtained. The positive pressure F N numerical display is composed of a vertical pressure sensor 8, a transmitter and a digital display; the static friction force F S is composed of a horizontal pressure sensor 12, a transmitter 2, a data collector, a computer and test software on a computer measuring system. When the vertical load reaches a certain rated pressure, slowly load the horizontal thrust, the static friction between the bottom surface of the tested parking wedge and the cast iron plate 17 will change, so that the static friction test can be carried out. When the parking wedge 20 under test starts to move, in order to prevent the bending moment from damaging the vertical pressure hydraulic cylinder 6 due to the movement of the loading plate 15, the sliding base 5 fixed at the other end of the vertical pressure hydraulic cylinder 6 can make it move along the The slide rail 4 freely slides horizontally, eliminating the destructive effect of the bending moment.
以上内容仅仅是对本发明结构所作的举例和说明，所属本技术领域的技术人员对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代，只要不偏离本发明的结构或者超越本权利要求书所定义的范围，均应属于本发明的保护范围。The above content is only an example and description of the structure of the present invention. Those skilled in the art make various modifications or supplements to the described specific embodiments or replace them in similar ways, as long as they do not deviate from the structure of the present invention. Or beyond the scope defined in the claims, all should belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
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