CN110566805A - 一种水电站加压储氢、减压输氢发电装置 - Google Patents

一种水电站加压储氢、减压输氢发电装置 Download PDF

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CN110566805A
CN110566805A CN201910942297.6A CN201910942297A CN110566805A CN 110566805 A CN110566805 A CN 110566805A CN 201910942297 A CN201910942297 A CN 201910942297A CN 110566805 A CN110566805 A CN 110566805A
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hydrogen
pressure
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CN110566805B (zh
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桂绍波
李玲
刘景旺
梁波
郑涛平
胡定辉
邹海青
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Changjiang Institute of Survey Planning Design and Research Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及水电制氢技术领域，具体涉及一种水电站加压储氢、减压输氢发电装置。包括电解槽、氢气收集装置、氢气加压装置、第一电磁阀、高压氢气储气罐、减压保护装置、燃料电池电堆和高压储气控制系统，高压储气控制系统的压力信号输入端与高压氢气储气罐连接，控制信号输出端与电解槽和第一电磁阀电连接，电解槽的进水口通过水泵与水电站内存储水连通，氢气收集装置的出口经氢气加压装置和第一电磁阀与高压氢气储气罐入口连接，高压氢气储气罐出口经减压保护装置与燃料电池电堆连接。本装置为水电站水电解制氢、加压储氢和减压输氢发电系统提供了安全有效的氢气传输方式，对氢气能源在水电站中推广应用具有重要意义。

Description

一种水电站加压储氢、减压输氢发电装置
技术领域
本发明涉及水电制氢技术领域，具体涉及一种水电站加压储氢、减压输氢发电装置。
背景技术
我国水资源丰富，水电建设取得了举世瞩目的成就，其经济和社会效益显著，但也存在着一些不容忽视的问题。如部分水电站送电区域用电负荷与自然径流不协调，电站汛期弃水现象严重，据不完全估算，到2020年，四川弃水电量将达350亿千瓦时，四川水电面临巨大的消纳压力。
近年来水电解制氢技术的研究在世界范围内受到越来越高的重视和支持，我国也将发展氢能作为21世纪新能源的战略目标。水电站具有丰富的水资源，因此利用水电站电解制氢，可有效解决电力过剩时水电消纳难题，同时也是提高水资源利用率、转变我国能源消费结构、缓解雾霾的重要举措。
电解水制氢系统根据工作条件的不同，可以分为常压水电解制氢系统(氢气压力p＜0.1MPa)、低压水电解制氢系统(0.1MPa≤氢气压力p＜1.6MPa)和中压水电解制氢系统(1.6MPa≤氢气压力p＜10.0MPa)。燃料电池电堆发电所需要的氢气压力为0.1～0.3MPa。由于氢气的密度很小，且具有易燃易爆性，为了同时提高水电站电解水制氢的氢气产量和燃料电池电堆的发电量，需要根据不同的电解水制氢系统的工作条件，制定氢气高压存储和减压输送发电的一系列工序的安全可靠方案。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是针对现有技术的缺陷，提供一种可提高水电站水资源利用率，且安全可靠的水电站加压储氢、减压输氢发电装置。
本发明一种水电站加压储氢、减压输氢发电装置，其技术方案为：包括电解槽、氢气收集装置、氢气加压装置、第一电磁阀、高压氢气储气罐、减压保护装置、燃料电池电堆和高压储气控制系统，所述高压储气控制系统的压力信号输入端与所述高压氢气储气罐压力信号输出端电连接，所述高压储气控制系统的控制信号输出端与电解槽和第一电磁阀的控制信号输入端电连接，所述电解槽的进水口通过水泵与水电站内存储水连通，所述电解槽的氢气出气端与所述氢气收集装置入口连接，所述氢气收集装置的出口经氢气加压装置和第一电磁阀与高压氢气储气罐入口连接，所述高压氢气储气罐出口经减压保护装置与燃料电池电堆连接。
较为优选的，所述氢气加压装置包括主加压装置和结构相同的副加压装置，所述主加压装置、副加压装置均包括压缩机组和第一单向阀，所述压缩机组一端与氢气收集装置出口连接，另一端与第一单向阀一端连接，所述第一单向阀另一端与高压氢气储气罐连接。
较为优选的，所述主加压装置正常时，所述主加压装置前端和后端分别与氢气收集装置和高压氢气储气罐连通，所述主加压装置故障时，所述副加压装置故障时前端和后端分别与氢气收集装置和高压氢气储气罐连通。
较为优选的，所述压缩机组为一台或多台压缩机串联而成。
较为优选的，所述氢气加压装置与高压氢气储气罐之间设有用于对氢气进行干燥的氢气冷干机。
较为优选的，所述减压保护装置包括智能反馈装置和依次串联的第二电磁阀、第二单向阀和减压阀组，所述智能反馈装置的压力信号输入端与减压阀组出气管路连接，所述智能反馈装置的控制信号输出端与第二电磁阀的控制信号输入端电连接。
较为优选的，所述减压阀组为一个或多个减压阀串联而成。
较为优选的，所述电解槽的氧气出气端还连接有氧气收集装置。
本发明的有益效果为：
(1)本装置为水电站水电解制氢、加压储氢和减压输氢发电系统提供了安全有效的氢气传输方式，对氢气能源在水电站中推广应用具有重要意义，可以广泛的应用于水利水电工程技术领域。
(2)本装置提高了水电站水资源利用率及发电潜能，降低了水电站弃水，同时也是有效解决电力过剩时水电消纳难题、转变我国能源消费结构、缓解雾霾的重要举措。
(3)本装置通过设置高压储氢控制系统和减压保护装置，当加压输氢系统中一级或多级减压阀组失效或其他原因引起系统压力超过整定保护值时，减压和保护装置能够迅速关闭电磁阀，保护燃料电池电堆及系统安全，提高了水电站减压输氢发电系统的安全性。而高压储氢控制系统能根据高压氢气储气罐内的氢气压力来控制水电解制氢装置中电解槽、压缩机组的启停，进一步提高了氢气运输的安全等级。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种水电站加压储氢、减压输氢发电装置连接示意图；
图中：1-水电解制氢装置，1.1-氧气收集装置，1.2-氢气收集装置，1.3-电解槽，2-氢气加压装置，2.1-压缩机组，2.2-第一单向阀，3-第一电磁阀，4-氢气冷干机，5-高压氢气储气罐，6-减压保护装置，6.1-第二电磁阀，6.2-第二单向阀，6.3-减压阀组，6.4-智能反馈装置，7-燃料电池电堆，8-高压储氢控制系统。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明，便于清楚地了解本发明，但它们不对本发明构成限定。
如图1所示，一种水电站加压储氢、减压输氢发电装置主要包括水电解制氢装置1，氢气加压装置2、第一电磁阀3、高压氢气储气罐5、减压保护装置6、燃料电池电堆7和高压储气控制系统8。水电解制氢装置1包括氧气收集装置1.1、氢气收集装置1.2、电解槽1.3。
氢气加压装置2包括主加压装置和结构相同的副加压装置，主加压装置、副加压装置均包括压缩机组2.1和第一单向阀2.2，压缩机组2.1一端与氢气收集装置1.2出口连接，另一端与第一单向阀2.2一端连接，第一单向阀2.2另一端与高压氢气储气罐5连接。主加压装置和副加压装置科相互切换使用，具体的，主加压装置正常时，主加压装置前端和后端分别与氢气收集装置1.2和高压氢气储气罐5连通，主加压装置故障时，副加压装置故障时前端和后端分别与氢气收集装置1.2和高压氢气储气罐5连通。其中，压缩机组2.1为一台或多台压缩机串联而成。电解槽1.3的进水口通过水泵与水电站内存储水连通，电解槽1.3的氢气出气端与氢气收集装置1.2入口连接，氢气收集装置1.2的出口经氢气加压装置2和第一电磁阀3与高压氢气储气罐5入口连接，高压氢气储气罐5出口经减压保护装置6与燃料电池电堆7连接。
高压储气控制系统8的压力信号输入端与高压氢气储气罐5压力信号输出端电连接，高压储气控制系统8的控制信号输出端与电解槽1.3和第一电磁阀3的控制信号输入端电连接。高压储氢控制系统8可通过监测的高压氢气储气罐5内的氢气压力来控制电解槽1.3、压缩机组2.1的启停，并设置了高压和低压报警功能。可在高压氢气储气罐5内设置压力传感器，通过压力传感器检测罐内压力信号，并将该信号发送给高压储氢控制系统8，从而实现罐内氢气压力的监控。氢气加压装置2与高压氢气储气罐5之间设有用于对氢气进行干燥的氢气冷干机4。
减压保护装置6包括智能反馈装置6.4和依次串联的第二电磁阀6.1、第二单向阀6.2和减压阀组6.3，减压阀组6.3为一个或多个减压阀串联而成。智能反馈装置6.4的压力信号输入端与减压阀组6.3出气管路连接，智能反馈装置6.4的控制信号输出端与第二电磁阀6.1的控制信号输入端电连接。当减压阀组6.3失效或其他原因引起系统压力超过整定保护值时，智能反馈装置6.4能够迅速关闭第二电磁阀6.1，保护燃料电池电堆7及系统安全。
本说明书未作详细描述的内容属于本领域专业技术人员公知的现有技术。

Claims (8)

1.一种水电站加压储氢、减压输氢发电装置，其特征在于：包括电解槽(1.3)、氢气收集装置(1.2)、氢气加压装置(2)、第一电磁阀(3)、高压氢气储气罐(5)、减压保护装置(6)、燃料电池电堆(7)和高压储气控制系统(8)，所述高压储气控制系统(8)的压力信号输入端与所述高压氢气储气罐(5)压力信号输出端电连接，所述高压储气控制系统(8)的控制信号输出端与电解槽(1.3)和第一电磁阀(3)的控制信号输入端电连接，所述电解槽(1.3)的进水口通过水泵与水电站内存储水连通，所述电解槽(1.3)的氢气出气端与所述氢气收集装置(1.2)入口连接，所述氢气收集装置(1.2)的出口经氢气加压装置(2)和第一电磁阀(3)与高压氢气储气罐(5)入口连接，所述高压氢气储气罐(5)出口经减压保护装置(6)与燃料电池电堆(7)连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种水电站加压储氢、减压输氢发电装置，其特征在于：所述氢气加压装置(2)包括主加压装置和结构相同的副加压装置，所述主加压装置、副加压装置均包括压缩机组(2.1)和第一单向阀(2.2)，所述压缩机组(2.1)一端与氢气收集装置(1.2)出口连接，另一端与第一单向阀(2.2)一端连接，所述第一单向阀(2.2)另一端与高压氢气储气罐(5)连接。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种水电站加压储氢、减压输氢发电装置，其特征在于：所述主加压装置正常时，所述主加压装置前端和后端分别与氢气收集装置(1.2)和高压氢气储气罐(5)连通，所述主加压装置故障时，所述副加压装置故障时前端和后端分别与氢气收集装置(1.2)和高压氢气储气罐(5)连通。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种水电站加压储氢、减压输氢发电装置，其特征在于：所述压缩机组(2.1)为一台或多台压缩机串联而成。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种水电站加压储氢、减压输氢发电装置，其特征在于：所述氢气加压装置(2)与高压氢气储气罐(5)之间设有用于对氢气进行干燥的氢气冷干机(4)。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种水电站加压储氢、减压输氢发电装置，其特征在于：所述减压保护装置(6)包括智能反馈装置(6.4)和依次串联的第二电磁阀(6.1)、第二单向阀(6.2)和减压阀组(6.3)，所述智能反馈装置(6.4)的压力信号输入端与减压阀组(6.3)出气管路连接，所述智能反馈装置(6.4)的控制信号输出端与第二电磁阀(6.1)的控制信号输入端电连接。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种水电站加压储氢、减压输氢发电装置，其特征在于：所述减压阀组(6.3)为一个或多个减压阀串联而成。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种水电站加压储氢、减压输氢发电装置，其特征在于：所述电解槽(1.3)的氧气出气端还连接有氧气收集装置(1.1)。
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