CN110562979A - system and method for preparing activated carbon by using boiler flue gas of thermal power plant - Google Patents
system and method for preparing activated carbon by using boiler flue gas of thermal power plant Download PDFInfo
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- CN110562979A CN110562979A CN201910757632.5A CN201910757632A CN110562979A CN 110562979 A CN110562979 A CN 110562979A CN 201910757632 A CN201910757632 A CN 201910757632A CN 110562979 A CN110562979 A CN 110562979A
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 150
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 150
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 131
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 132
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 130
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 claims description 85
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000264877 Hippospongia communis Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004887 air purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-1-ylmethanolate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(C[O-])=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003830 anthracite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002802 bituminous coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 deodorization Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004332 deodorization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003077 lignite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005622 photoelectricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012498 ultrapure water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/312—Preparation
- C01B32/336—Preparation characterised by gaseous activating agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/39—Apparatus for the preparation thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/04—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of powdered coal
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/006—Layout of treatment plant
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K1/00—Preparation of lump or pulverulent fuel in readiness for delivery to combustion apparatus
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
- F23K2201/00—Pretreatment of solid fuel
- F23K2201/10—Pulverizing
- F23K2201/1006—Mills adapted for use with furnaces
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a system and a method for preparing activated carbon by using boiler flue gas of a thermal power plant, wherein the system comprises a carbonization furnace, an activation furnace and a coal storage and transportation device of the thermal power plant; the coal storage and transportation device, the carbonization furnace and the activation furnace are communicated in sequence; and the power station boiler of the thermal power plant provides high-temperature flue gas for at least one of the carbonization furnace and the activation furnace, and is used as a heat source for carbonization and an activating agent for activation. The system and the method can utilize surplus electric power of the thermoelectric peak shaving unit and high-temperature flue gas of a boiler of a power station as energy sources for producing the activated carbon in high temperature and activated environment, can also directly utilize a coal storage and transportation device and a coal grinding and pulverizing device of a power plant to store, transport and pretreat coal, and can utilize facilities in the power plant to treat waste gas, waste water and waste residue generated in the production process, thereby not only realizing energy-saving and clean production of the activated carbon, but also greatly improving the economic benefit of the power plant.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of activated carbon processing, in particular to a system and a method for preparing activated carbon by using boiler flue gas of a thermal power plant.
Background
The activated carbon material is amorphous carbon obtained by processing treatment, has a large specific surface area, and has good adsorption capacity on gas, inorganic or organic substances in solution, colloidal particles and the like. The Activated Carbon material mainly includes Activated Carbon (AC), Activated Carbon Fibers (ACF), and the like. The active carbon material is used as an adsorbent with excellent performance mainly due to the unique adsorption surface structure characteristic and surface chemical property. The activated carbon material has stable chemical properties, high mechanical strength, acid resistance, alkali resistance and heat resistance, is insoluble in water and organic solvents, can be recycled, and is widely applied to various fields of chemical industry, environmental protection, food processing, metallurgy, medicine refining, military chemical protection and the like. At present, the modified activated carbon material is widely used in the fields of sewage treatment, air pollution control and the like, and increasingly shows attractive and good prospects in the aspect of environmental pollution treatment.
The activated carbon prepared from brown coal, peat, bituminous coal, anthracite and the like can be in the shapes of columns, granules, powder, honeycombs, spheres and the like, has the characteristics of high strength, high adsorption speed, high adsorption capacity, large specific surface area, developed pore structure, good physicochemical characteristics, controllable pores according to the required size and the like, is mainly used for high-end air purification, waste gas purification, high-purity water treatment, wastewater treatment, sewage treatment, aquarium, desulfurization, water treatment and activated carbon denitration, can effectively remove impurities and pollutants in gas and liquid and separate and purify various gases, and can be widely used for adsorption recovery of various low-boiling-point substances, deodorization, oil removal and the like. However, in the process of carbonization, especially activation, coal requires a large amount of high-temperature steam or flue gas, and flue gas generated in the process of carbonization and activation also needs to be subjected to dust removal, desulfurization and denitration treatment, so that the characteristics of high energy consumption and high pollution exist in the process of producing activated carbon.
In recent years, in the 'three north' region of China, the capacity of the electric power market is rich, peak-adjustable power supplies such as a gas turbine and a pumped storage are scarce, the contradiction between the peak adjustment of a power grid and the flexibility of a thermal power generating unit is prominent, the capacity of the power grid for absorbing new energy such as wind power, photoelectricity, hydropower and nuclear power is insufficient, and the phenomena of wind abandoning, light abandoning, water abandoning and nuclear abandoning are serious. Particularly, the thermoelectric decoupling peak regulation problem of the thermoelectric generator set in winter is more and more prominent.
disclosure of Invention
aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a system and a method for preparing activated carbon by using boiler flue gas of a thermal power plant, which provide energy for high temperature and activation of activated carbon production by using surplus electric power of a thermoelectric peak shaving unit and high-temperature flue gas of a boiler of a power station, realize energy-saving and clean production of the activated carbon and greatly improve the economic benefit of the thermal power plant.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a system for preparing activated carbon by using boiler flue gas of a thermal power plant comprises a carbonization furnace, an activation furnace and a coal storage and transportation device of the thermal power plant; the coal storage and transportation device, the carbonization furnace and the activation furnace are communicated in sequence; and the power station boiler of the thermal power plant provides high-temperature flue gas for at least one of the carbonization furnace and the activation furnace, and is used as a heat source for carbonization and an activating agent for activation.
further, the system is provided with a flue gas supply pipeline and a flue gas discharge pipeline; the flue gas supply pipeline is communicated with at least one of a hearth and a smoke exhaust pipeline of the power station boiler of the thermal power plant and is used for conveying the flue gas of the power station boiler of the thermal power plant to at least one of the activation furnace and the carbonization furnace; the flue gas discharge pipeline is communicated with a flue gas treatment device of a thermal power plant and is respectively communicated with at least one of the activation furnace and the carbonization furnace.
Furthermore, the activation furnace is also provided with a steam input pipe, and at least one of a main steam pipeline of the power station boiler of the thermal power plant and an extraction steam pipeline of the steam turbine is communicated with the steam input pipe and used for inputting at least one of the main steam of the power station boiler of the thermal power plant and the extraction steam of the steam turbine into the activation furnace.
Further, the carbonization furnace adopts any one of modes that the smoke does not contact with the coal raw material or contacts with the coal raw material to carry out carbonization.
Furthermore, a heat exchange tube is arranged in the carbonization furnace for carbonizing in a mode that the smoke does not contact the coal raw material, one end of the heat exchange tube is communicated with the smoke supply pipeline, and the other end of the heat exchange tube is communicated with the smoke discharge pipeline.
Furthermore, the flue gas supply pipeline is respectively communicated with the hearths or the smoke exhaust pipelines of two power station boilers of the thermal power plant through two branches, a flue gas baffle or a high temperature resistant valve is arranged at the intersection between the flue gas supply pipeline and the two branches, and the flue gas baffle or the high temperature resistant valve is used for blocking a passage between the flue gas supply pipeline and any one of the two branches.
Further, the system also comprises a combustion chamber, and a flue gas eduction pipe of the combustion chamber is communicated with the flue gas supply pipeline.
Furthermore, a carbonization furnace or an activation furnace which is arranged in a split mode is hung at the top of a hearth of a power station boiler of the thermal power plant, or a carbonization and activation integrated furnace is hung, high-temperature flue gas in the power station boiler provides a heat source and an activating agent which are needed by carbonization for the carbonization furnace or the activation furnace or the carbonization and activation integrated furnace which are arranged in the split mode, and the carbonization furnace or the activation furnace or the carbonization and activation integrated furnace can also directly absorb radiation heat of the hearth of the power station boiler.
furthermore, an electric heating unit is arranged in the carbonization furnace, and a power supply required by the electric heating unit is supplied with peak-shaving surplus power from a thermal power plant.
Further, the system also comprises a coal pretreatment device; the coal pretreatment device comprises a coal grinding and pulverizing device of a thermal power plant, the coal grinding and pulverizing device is used for grinding coal raw materials into coal powder, and the coal grinding and pulverizing device is communicated with the carbonization furnace; or, the coal preprocessing device comprises a coal grinding and pulverizing device and a coal forming device of a thermal power plant, the coal grinding and pulverizing device is used for grinding coal raw materials into coal powder, the coal forming device is used for manufacturing the coal powder into formed coal with a set shape, and a material inlet and a material outlet of the coal forming device are respectively communicated with the coal grinding and pulverizing device and the carbonization furnace.
The invention also discloses a method for regulating the peak load of the boiler by using the system, wherein the power station boiler reduces the steam evaporation capacity of the power station boiler by using the extracted high-temperature flue gas, so that the power generation capacity of a steam turbine generator is reduced, and the requirement of responding to the peak regulation and load reduction of a power grid of a thermal power plant is met.
The invention also provides a method for utilizing the system, which comprises the following steps:
according to the type of the power station boiler, the distribution condition of the flue gas temperature in the hearth and the smoke exhaust pipeline of the power station boiler, selecting the position with the best flue gas flow and temperature as a flue gas extraction point, or directly installing the carbonization furnace or the activation furnace or the carbonization and activation integrated furnace which are separately arranged at the top of the hearth or the position with the best flue gas flow and temperature in the smoke exhaust pipeline of the power station boiler;
Conveying a coal raw material to a coal pretreatment device by a coal storage and transportation device of a thermal power plant, pretreating the coal by the coal pretreatment device according to the specific requirements of an activated carbon product, and preparing the coal into pulverized coal, granular coal or molded coal;
Extracting high-temperature flue gas with optimal temperature and optimal flow from a hearth or a smoke exhaust pipeline of the power station boiler, and introducing the high-temperature flue gas into a carbonization furnace and/or an activation furnace;
sending the pretreated pulverized coal, granular coal or molded coal into a carbonization furnace, setting the temperature and the carbonization speed in the carbonization furnace according to the technical requirements of the activated carbon product, and carrying out dry distillation and carbonization on the pulverized coal, the granular coal or the molded coal by the carbonization furnace to obtain carbon powder, granular carbon or molded carbon; feeding the coal gas byproduct of the carbonization furnace into a power station boiler for afterburning or a combustion chamber; purifying the tar byproduct of the carbonization furnace, and then sending the tar into a tar storage tank;
Feeding the carbon powder, the granular carbon or the shaped carbon obtained after carbonization into an activation furnace, simultaneously conveying any one of high-temperature flue gas generated by a power station boiler, main steam of the power station boiler and extracted steam of a steam turbine into the activation furnace to be used as an activating agent, and activating the carbon powder, the granular carbon or the shaped carbon in the activation furnace to form activated carbon powder, granular activated carbon or activated shaped carbon;
According to the conditions of the temperature and the flow of the flue gas, when the heat in the carbonization furnace is insufficient or the amount of an activating agent in the activation furnace is insufficient, the coal gas, the fuel gas or the fuel oil is combusted in the combustion chamber, and the generated high-temperature flue gas supplements heat to the carbonization furnace or supplements the activating agent to the activation furnace;
Waste gas generated in the coal pretreatment device, the carbonization furnace and the activation furnace is directly introduced into a hearth or a smoke exhaust pipeline of a power station boiler, a smoke treatment device of a thermal power plant is utilized for harmless treatment, and generated waste water, waste liquid and waste residue are subjected to harmless treatment by a treatment facility in the thermal power plant.
the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. The system and the method of the invention fully utilize the flue gas of the power station boiler of the thermal power plant as the carbonization heat source and the activating agent of the active carbon, efficiently utilize the waste heat of the flue gas and reduce the energy consumption of the production process of the active carbon.
2. The coal raw materials can be pretreated by directly utilizing a coal storage and transportation device and a coal pulverizing device of a thermal power plant, so that the investment of a coal storage, transportation and pulverizing system is saved.
3. The smoke discharged by the carbonization furnace and the activation furnace is directly discharged into a boiler of a thermal power plant, and the smoke is treated by using a boiler smoke treatment system, so that the smoke treatment cost of the conventional carbonization furnace and the conventional activation furnace is reduced.
the system and the method can utilize surplus electric power of the thermoelectric peak shaving unit and high-temperature flue gas of a boiler of a power station as energy sources for producing the activated carbon in high temperature and activated environment, can also directly utilize a coal storage and transportation device and a coal grinding and pulverizing device of a power plant to store, transport and pretreat coal, and can utilize facilities in the power plant to treat waste gas, waste water and waste residue generated in the production process, thereby not only realizing energy-saving and clean production of the activated carbon, but also greatly improving the economic benefit of the power plant.
drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a system according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the connection between a flue gas supply duct and a utility boiler in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a system according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
Detailed Description
the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be noted that the present embodiment is based on the technical solution, and the detailed implementation and the specific operation process are provided, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the present embodiment.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a system for preparing activated carbon by using boiler flue gas of a thermal power plant, which comprises a coal storage and transportation device 1, a coal pretreatment device 2, a carbonization furnace 3 and an activation furnace 4, as shown in fig. 1; the coal storage and transportation device 1, the coal pretreatment device 2, the carbonization furnace 3 and the activation furnace 4 are communicated in sequence; the power station boiler 100 of the thermal power plant provides high-temperature flue gas for at least one of the carbonization furnace 3 and the activation furnace 4 to be used as a heat source for carbonization and an activating agent for activation.
In this embodiment, the carbonization furnace 3 and the activation furnace 4 both obtain high-temperature flue gas from a power station boiler 100 of a thermal power plant, and the high-temperature flue gas is used as a heat source for carbonization and an activating agent for activation, respectively.
Further, the system is provided with a flue gas supply duct 5 and a flue gas discharge duct 6; the flue gas supply pipeline is communicated with at least one of a hearth and a smoke exhaust pipeline of the power station boiler 100 of the thermal power plant and is used for conveying flue gas of the power station boiler of the thermal power plant to at least one of the activation furnace 4 and the carbonization furnace 3; and the flue gas discharge pipeline 6 is communicated with a flue gas treatment device of a thermal power plant and is respectively communicated with at least one of the activation furnace 4 and the carbonization furnace 3.
In this embodiment, a fan 9 is disposed on the flue gas exhaust duct 6.
In this embodiment, the activation furnace 4 is respectively communicated with the flue gas supply pipeline and the flue gas exhaust pipeline. Specifically, one end of each of the flue gas supply pipeline 5 and the flue gas discharge pipeline 6 is provided with a three-way gas valve, and the gas inlet and the gas outlet of the activation furnace 4 are respectively communicated with one port of the three-way gas valve on the flue gas supply pipeline 5 and the flue gas discharge pipeline 6 through pipelines.
The high-temperature flue gas enters the activation furnace 4 to be used as an activating agent, the carbon product prepared in the carbonization furnace 3 is activated at high temperature to obtain activated carbon, and the waste gas generated by activation and the low-temperature flue gas obtained by conversion after the high-temperature flue gas releases heat energy are discharged to a flue gas treatment device of a thermal power plant through a flue gas discharge pipeline.
furthermore, the activation furnace 4 is further provided with a steam input pipe 7, and at least one of a main steam pipeline of the power station boiler 100 of the thermal power plant and an extraction steam pipeline of the steam turbine is communicated with the steam input pipe 7 and is used for inputting at least one of the main steam of the power station boiler 100 of the thermal power plant and the extraction steam of the steam turbine into the activation furnace 4.
In the present embodiment, the carbonization furnace 3 is respectively communicated with the flue gas supply pipe 5 and the flue gas discharge pipe 6. Specifically, the gas inlet and the gas outlet of the carbonization furnace 3 are respectively communicated with the other ports of the three-way gas valve on the flue gas supply pipeline 5 and the flue gas exhaust pipeline 6 through pipelines.
The high-temperature flue gas enters the carbonization furnace 3 through the flue gas supply pipeline 5, and the pretreated coal raw material in the carbonization furnace 3 is subjected to dry distillation and carbonization in a direct contact or non-contact mode. The low-temperature flue gas obtained by converting the high-temperature flue gas after releasing heat energy is discharged into a flue gas treatment device of the thermal power plant through a flue gas discharge pipeline.
The mode of directly contacting the high-temperature flue gas with the carbonized coal raw material can be that the high-temperature flue gas is directly introduced into the carbonization furnace through a flue gas supply pipeline, and the high-temperature flue gas is directly contacted with the coal raw material in the carbonization furnace to carry out dry distillation and carbonization on the coal raw material.
In the present embodiment, however, a non-contact manner is adopted. A heat exchange tube 8 is arranged in the carbonization furnace 3, one end of the heat exchange tube 8 is communicated with the flue gas supply pipeline 5, and the other end of the heat exchange tube 8 is communicated with the flue gas discharge pipeline 6. High temperature flue gas gets into in the heat exchange tube 8 through flue gas supply pipe 5, heat exchange tube 8 with the air in the retort 3 carries out the heat exchange, and the air in the retort 3 is become hot air after-poppet and coal raw materials direct contact and carries out the carbomorphism to it, and the low temperature flue gas that the conversion obtained after high temperature flue gas release heat energy passes through flue gas discharge pipe 6 and discharges to among the flue gas processing apparatus of thermal power plant.
in the present exemplary embodiment, the carbonization furnace 3 also has a waste gas discharge line, which is connected to the flue gas discharge line 6. Specifically, the exhaust gas discharge pipe may communicate with the pipe that communicates the gas outlet of the carbonization furnace 3 and the flue gas discharge pipe 6. And the waste gas generated in the carbonization process is discharged to a flue gas discharge pipeline through a waste gas discharge pipeline and is sent into a flue gas treatment device of a thermal power plant for treatment.
specifically, the carbonization furnace 3 and the activation furnace 4 may be disposed in a vacant space beside a power station boiler 100 of the thermal power plant, and a flue gas supply pipeline and a flue gas discharge pipeline made of high temperature resistant materials are adopted according to the position of the power station boiler and the temperature of the extracted flue gas.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the flue gas supply pipe 5 is respectively communicated with the furnace chambers or the smoke exhaust pipes of two power station boilers 100 of the thermal power plant through two branches 9, a flue gas baffle or a high temperature resistant valve 10 is arranged at the intersection between the flue gas supply pipe 5 and the two branches 9, and the flue gas baffle or the high temperature resistant valve 10 is used for blocking the passage between the flue gas supply pipe 5 and any one of the two branches 9. The source of the high-temperature flue gas can be switched by switching the flue gas baffle or the high-temperature resistant valve between the flue gas supply pipeline and the two branches.
In this embodiment, the system further includes a combustion chamber 11, and a flue gas outlet pipe 12 of the combustion chamber 11 is communicated with the flue gas supply pipe 5. The gas, coal gas or fuel oil can be used as fuel to be combusted in the combustion chamber 11, and the high-temperature flue gas obtained by combustion is utilized to supplement heat to the carbonization furnace 3 when the carbonization temperature in the carbonization furnace 3 is insufficient or supplement the high-temperature flue gas to the activation furnace 4 when the amount of the activating agent in the activation furnace 4 is insufficient. Specifically, coal gas generated in the coal carbonization process can be used as fuel of the combustion chamber, so that resources can be effectively saved.
Further, an electric heating unit 14 is arranged in the carbonization furnace, and a power supply required by the electric heating unit is peak-shaving surplus power from a thermal power plant. The carbonization temperature requirement in the carbonization furnace can be set according to the product requirement of the active carbon, when the temperature in the carbonization furnace does not reach the carbonization temperature requirement, the electric heating unit 14 is automatically started to perform heat compensation on the air in the carbonization furnace, and the operation is stopped until the carbonization temperature requirement is reached.
Further, the coal pretreatment device 2 comprises a coal grinding and pulverizing device of a thermal power plant, wherein the coal grinding and pulverizing device is used for grinding coal raw materials into coal powder and is communicated with the carbonization furnace.
Furthermore, the coal pretreatment device also comprises a coal shaping device, the coal shaping device is used for making coal powder into shaped coal with a set shape, and a material inlet and a material outlet of the coal shaping device are respectively communicated with the coal grinding and pulverizing device and the carbonization furnace.
Further, the coal pretreatment device 2, the carbonization furnace 3 and the activation furnace 4 are all provided with waste material outlets which are communicated with a treatment facility in a thermal power plant. Waste water, waste slag and the like generated in the coal pretreatment, carbonization and activation processes can be treated by utilizing treatment facilities of a thermal power plant, so that the cost of independently arranging the treatment facilities is saved.
Because can produce the byproduct tar among the coal carbonization process, in this embodiment, the system is provided with tar purification unit 15, tar purification unit 15 communicate in retort 3's tar export. The tar is purified by the tar purification treatment device 15 and then sent to a tar storage tank for storage, and can be supplied or sold for the outside.
In addition, according to the requirement of the activated carbon product, in this embodiment, the system is further provided with a post-treatment device 16, which is communicated with the activated carbon outlet of the activation furnace 4.
Example 2
the present embodiment provides a system for preparing activated carbon by using boiler flue gas of a thermal power plant, the system structure of the system is basically the same as that of embodiment 1, and the main difference is that, as shown in fig. 3, in the present embodiment, an activation furnace and a carbonization furnace are not arranged on an open space beside a power plant boiler, but a carbonization-activation integrated furnace 13 is hoisted at the top of a hearth of the power plant boiler 100, and the carbonization-activation integrated furnace 13 can not only obtain flue gas from the hearth as a heat source for carbonization and activation, but also can directly absorb the radiant heat of the hearth of the power plant boiler.
The hoisting device has the advantages of saving the field and saving the cost of various connecting pipelines made of high-temperature resistant materials.
besides hoisting the carbonization and activation integrated furnace, the carbonization furnace and the activation furnace can be arranged in a split manner and can be hoisted to the top of the hearth of the power station boiler.
example 3
The embodiment provides a method for adjusting peak load of a boiler by using the system in embodiment 1, and the power station boiler uses the extracted high-temperature boiler flue gas to reduce the steam evaporation capacity of the boiler, thereby reducing the power generation capacity of a steam turbine generator and realizing the requirement of responding to the peak load adjustment and load reduction of a power grid of a thermal power plant.
example 4
This example provides a method for using the system of example 1, comprising the steps of:
Designing an optimal smoke extraction point or directly installing the carbonization furnace or the activation furnace at the optimal position of the top of the power station boiler and the flue according to the type of the power station boiler and the distribution condition of the smoke temperature in the hearth and the smoke exhaust pipeline of the power station boiler;
The coal storage and transportation device of the thermal power plant conveys coal into a coal pretreatment device, and the coal pretreatment device pretreats the coal according to the specific requirements of an activated carbon product and prepares the coal into pulverized coal, granular coal or molded coal;
Extracting high-temperature flue gas with optimal temperature and optimal flow from a hearth or a smoke exhaust pipeline of the power station boiler, and introducing the high-temperature flue gas into a carbonization furnace and/or an activation furnace;
Sending the pretreated pulverized coal, granular coal or molded coal into a carbonization furnace, setting the temperature and the carbonization speed in the carbonization furnace according to the technical requirements of the activated carbon product, and carrying out dry distillation and carbonization on the pulverized coal, the granular coal or the molded coal by the carbonization furnace to obtain carbon powder, granular carbon or molded carbon; feeding the coal gas byproduct of the carbonization furnace into a power station boiler for afterburning or a combustion chamber; purifying the tar byproduct of the carbonization furnace, and then sending the tar into a tar storage tank;
Feeding the carbon powder, the granular carbon or the shaped carbon obtained after carbonization into an activation furnace, simultaneously conveying high-temperature flue gas generated by a power station boiler, and/or main steam of the power station boiler and/or extracted steam of a steam turbine into the activation furnace to be used as an activating agent, and activating the carbon powder, the granular carbon or the shaped carbon in the activation furnace into activated carbon powder, granular activated carbon or activated carbon;
According to the conditions of the temperature and the flow of the flue gas, when the heat in the carbonization furnace is insufficient or the amount of an activating agent in the activation furnace is insufficient, the coal gas, the fuel gas or the fuel oil is combusted in the combustion chamber, and the generated high-temperature flue gas supplements heat to the carbonization furnace or supplements the activating agent to the activation furnace;
Waste gas generated in the coal pretreatment device, the carbonization furnace and the activation furnace is directly introduced into a hearth or a smoke exhaust pipeline of a power station boiler, a smoke treatment device of a thermal power plant is utilized for harmless treatment, and generated waste water, waste liquid and waste residue are subjected to harmless treatment by a treatment facility in the thermal power plant.
Various corresponding changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art based on the above technical solutions and concepts, and all such changes and modifications should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. A system for preparing activated carbon by using boiler flue gas of a thermal power plant is characterized by comprising a carbonization furnace, an activation furnace and a coal storage and transportation device of the thermal power plant; the coal storage and transportation device, the carbonization furnace and the activation furnace are communicated in sequence; and the power station boiler of the thermal power plant provides high-temperature flue gas for at least one of the carbonization furnace and the activation furnace, and is used as a heat source for carbonization and an activating agent for activation.
2. the system for producing activated carbon using boiler flue gas of a thermal power plant according to claim 1, wherein the system is provided with a flue gas supply duct and a flue gas exhaust duct; the flue gas supply pipeline is communicated with at least one of a hearth and a smoke exhaust pipeline of the power station boiler of the thermal power plant and is used for conveying the flue gas of the power station boiler of the thermal power plant to at least one of the activation furnace and the carbonization furnace; the flue gas discharge pipeline is communicated with a flue gas treatment device of a thermal power plant and is respectively communicated with at least one of the activation furnace and the carbonization furnace.
3. The system for preparing activated carbon by using the flue gas of the boiler of the thermal power plant as claimed in claim 1, wherein the activation furnace is further provided with a steam input pipe, and at least one of a main steam pipeline of the boiler of the thermal power plant and an extraction steam pipeline of the steam turbine of the thermal power plant is communicated with the steam input pipe and used for inputting at least one of the main steam of the boiler of the thermal power plant and the extraction steam of the steam turbine of the thermal power plant into the activation furnace.
4. The system for preparing activated carbon from boiler flue gas of a thermal power plant according to claim 2, wherein the carbonization furnace is carbonized in a mode that flue gas is not contacted with coal raw material or is contacted with coal raw material.
5. The system for preparing activated carbon by using boiler flue gas of a thermal power plant as claimed in claim 4, wherein a heat exchange tube is arranged in the carbonization furnace for carbonization in a manner that the flue gas does not contact with the coal raw material, one end of the heat exchange tube is communicated with the flue gas supply pipeline, and the other end is communicated with the flue gas discharge pipeline.
6. the system for preparing activated carbon by using boiler flue gas of a thermal power plant as claimed in claim 1, wherein the flue gas supply pipeline is respectively communicated with the hearths or smoke exhaust pipelines of two power plant boilers of the thermal power plant through two branches, a flue gas baffle or a high temperature resistant valve is arranged at the intersection between the flue gas supply pipeline and the two branches, and the flue gas baffle or the high temperature resistant valve is used for blocking a passage between the flue gas supply pipeline and any one of the two branches.
7. The system for preparing activated carbon by utilizing the boiler flue gas of the thermal power plant as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a combustion chamber, wherein a flue gas lead-out pipe of the combustion chamber is communicated with the flue gas supply pipeline.
8. the system for preparing activated carbon by using the flue gas of the boiler of the thermal power plant as claimed in claim 1, wherein a separately arranged carbonization furnace or activation furnace is hung on the top of the hearth of the power station boiler of the thermal power plant, or a carbonization and activation integrated furnace is hung on the top of the hearth, and the high-temperature flue gas in the power station boiler provides a heat source and an activating agent for carbonization for the separately arranged carbonization furnace or activation furnace or carbonization and activation integrated furnace; the carbonization furnace or the activation furnace or the carbonization and activation integrated furnace can directly absorb the radiation heat of the hearth of the power station boiler.
9. The system for preparing activated carbon by utilizing boiler flue gas of a thermal power plant as claimed in claim 1, wherein an electric heating unit is arranged in the carbonization furnace, and a power supply required by the electric heating unit is derived from peak shaving surplus power of the thermal power plant.
10. the system for preparing the activated carbon by utilizing the boiler flue gas of the thermal power plant as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a coal pretreatment device; the coal pretreatment device comprises a coal grinding and pulverizing device of a thermal power plant, the coal grinding and pulverizing device is used for grinding coal raw materials into coal powder, and the coal grinding and pulverizing device is communicated with the carbonization furnace; or, the coal preprocessing device comprises a coal grinding and pulverizing device and a coal forming device of a thermal power plant, the coal grinding and pulverizing device is used for grinding coal raw materials into coal powder, the coal forming device is used for manufacturing the coal powder into formed coal with a set shape, and a material inlet and a material outlet of the coal forming device are respectively communicated with the coal grinding and pulverizing device and the carbonization furnace.
11. A method for performing load peak shaving of a boiler by using the system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the utility boiler uses the extracted high-temperature flue gas to reduce the evaporation capacity of water vapor of the utility boiler, thereby reducing the power generation capacity of a steam turbine generator and realizing the requirement of the thermal power plant for responding to the load reduction of the power grid by peak shaving.
12. A method for using the system of any of claims 1-10, comprising the steps of:
According to the type of the power station boiler, the distribution condition of the flue gas temperature in the hearth and the smoke exhaust pipeline of the power station boiler, selecting the position with the best flue gas flow and temperature as a flue gas extraction point, or directly installing the carbonization furnace or the activation furnace or the carbonization and activation integrated furnace which are separately arranged at the top of the hearth or the position with the best flue gas flow and temperature in the smoke exhaust pipeline of the power station boiler;
Conveying a coal raw material to a coal pretreatment device by a coal storage and transportation device of a thermal power plant, pretreating the coal by the coal pretreatment device according to the specific requirements of an activated carbon product, and preparing the coal into pulverized coal, granular coal or molded coal;
Extracting high-temperature flue gas with optimal temperature and optimal flow from a hearth or a smoke exhaust pipeline of the power station boiler, and introducing the high-temperature flue gas into a carbonization furnace and/or an activation furnace;
Sending the pretreated pulverized coal, granular coal or molded coal into a carbonization furnace, setting the temperature and the carbonization speed in the carbonization furnace according to the technical requirements of the activated carbon product, and carrying out dry distillation and carbonization on the pulverized coal, the granular coal or the molded coal by the carbonization furnace to obtain carbon powder, granular carbon or molded carbon; feeding the coal gas byproduct of the carbonization furnace into a power station boiler for afterburning or a combustion chamber; purifying the tar byproduct of the carbonization furnace, and then sending the tar into a tar storage tank;
Feeding the carbon powder, the granular carbon or the shaped carbon obtained after carbonization into an activation furnace, simultaneously conveying any one of high-temperature flue gas generated by a power station boiler, main steam of the power station boiler and extracted steam of a steam turbine into the activation furnace to be used as an activating agent, and activating the carbon powder, the granular carbon or the shaped carbon in the activation furnace to form activated carbon powder, granular activated carbon or activated shaped carbon;
According to the conditions of the temperature and the flow of the flue gas, when the heat in the carbonization furnace is insufficient or the amount of an activating agent in the activation furnace is insufficient, the coal gas, the fuel gas or the fuel oil is combusted in the combustion chamber, and the generated high-temperature flue gas supplements heat to the carbonization furnace or supplements the activating agent to the activation furnace;
waste gas generated in the coal pretreatment device, the carbonization furnace and the activation furnace is directly introduced into a hearth or a smoke exhaust pipeline of a power station boiler, a smoke treatment device of a thermal power plant is utilized for harmless treatment, and generated waste water, waste liquid and waste residue are subjected to harmless treatment by a treatment facility in the thermal power plant.
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Application publication date: 20191213 |