CN110561623B

CN110561623B - Special puncher of building engineering

Info

Publication number: CN110561623B
Application number: CN201910854531.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张永超; 成金花; 彭增峰; 贺洁; 旷和明
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Cheng Jinhua; Peng Zengfeng; Zhang Yongchao
Priority date: 2019-09-10
Filing date: 2019-09-10
Publication date: 2021-04-09
Anticipated expiration: 2039-09-10
Also published as: CN110561623A

Abstract

The invention relates to a special perforating machine for constructional engineering. The special puncher of building engineering includes drilling main shaft, first one way clutch and drilling head, the drilling head passes through first one way clutch install in on the drilling main shaft, first one way clutch includes inner circle, outer lane, holder, a plurality of roller, a plurality of folding spring and a plurality of sliding bearing piece, the fixed cover of inner circle is located on the drilling main shaft, the outer lane with the coaxial setting of inner circle centers on the inner circle, the coaxial fixed cover of drilling head is located on the outer lane. The one-way clutch of the special perforating machine for the construction engineering is not easy to damage, and the special perforating machine for the construction engineering can prevent dust from splashing.

Description

Special puncher of building engineering

Technical Field

The invention relates to a special perforating machine for constructional engineering.

Background

Drilling is often needed to be performed briefly on walls of buildings and the like, and a drilling machine generally comprises a drilling spindle (drilling spindle), wherein a one-way clutch (one way clutch), especially a one-way clutch of NSK company, is mounted on the drilling spindle, so that the drilling spindle can drive a drill bit to rotate along a first direction, and the drill bit cannot be driven to rotate when the drilling spindle rotates along an opposite first direction. However, the spring (recording spring) and the sliding bearing block (ブロックベアリング) of the one-way clutch are easily detached during the manufacturing process or after a long period of use, thereby causing damage to the one-way clutch.

Disclosure of Invention

Therefore, the need exists for a construction engineering special-purpose perforating machine with a one-way clutch which is not easy to damage.

A special perforating machine for construction engineering comprises a drilling spindle, a first one-way clutch and a drilling head, wherein the drilling head is installed on the drilling spindle through the first one-way clutch, the first one-way clutch comprises an inner ring, an outer ring, a retainer, a plurality of rollers, a plurality of folding springs and a plurality of sliding bearing blocks, the inner ring is fixedly sleeved on the drilling spindle, the outer ring and the inner ring are coaxially arranged and surround the inner ring, the drilling head is coaxially and fixedly sleeved on the outer ring, a plurality of cam grooves are concavely arranged on the inner circumferential surface of the outer ring and concavely provided with a plurality of clamping grooves, the retainer is installed between the inner ring and the outer ring, a plurality of rib plates are arranged on the retainer, the plurality of rollers are installed on the retainer and respectively and rollably abut against the plurality of cam grooves, the plurality of folding springs are respectively clamped on the plurality of rib plates and respectively abut against the plurality of rollers, the sliding bearing blocks are arranged on the retainer and are respectively clamped in the clamping grooves, and the bottom surfaces of the sliding bearing blocks are in sliding fit with the circumferential surface of the inner ring.

In one embodiment, the lifting oil cylinder device comprises a base, a lifting oil cylinder and a mounting block, wherein the lifting oil cylinder is arranged on the base, and the mounting block is mounted at the top end of an output shaft of the lifting oil cylinder.

In one embodiment, the guide assembly comprises two mounting plates and a screw block, wherein the two mounting plates are both convexly arranged on the mounting blocks, and the screw block is slidably arranged on the two mounting plates.

In one embodiment, the guide assembly further includes a screw rod and a rotary cylinder, the rotary cylinder is mounted on the mounting block, one end of the screw rod is inserted into the mounting block and connected with the rotary cylinder, the other end of the screw rod is inserted into the screw block and screwed with the screw block, and a stop ring is disposed at an end of the screw rod.

In one embodiment, the mounting block is provided with a mounting hole, a bearing is arranged in the mounting hole, and one end of the screw rod, which is far away from the screw block, is arranged in the bearing in a penetrating manner.

In one embodiment, the screw block has two rectangular grooves formed therein, the two mounting plates are slidably inserted into the two rectangular grooves, a threaded groove is formed in the screw block, and the lead screw is screwed into the threaded groove.

In one embodiment, the drilling machine further comprises a bidirectional rotary cylinder, the bidirectional rotary cylinder is mounted on the screw joint block, and the drilling spindle is mounted on an output shaft of the bidirectional rotary cylinder.

In one of the embodiments, the dust cover device further comprises a second one-way clutch and a dust cover cylinder, the dust cover cylinder is installed on the drilling spindle through the second one-way clutch, when the drilling spindle rotates along a first direction, the first one-way clutch is used for driving the drilling head to rotate, when the drilling spindle rotates along a second direction, the second one-way clutch is used for driving the dust cover cylinder to rotate, and the first direction is opposite to the second direction.

In one embodiment, the inner ring of the second one-way clutch is fixedly sleeved on the drilling spindle, and one end of the dust cover cylinder is fixedly sleeved on the outer ring of the second one-way clutch.

In one embodiment, the inner diameter of one end of the dust cover cylinder, which is far away from the second one-way clutch, is gradually increased to form a flexible cover-arranged conical ring, the flexible cover-arranged conical ring surrounds the periphery of the drilling head, and a plurality of friction hairballs are arranged on the inner side of the flexible cover-arranged conical ring.

When the bidirectional rotary air cylinder is used, the drilling main shaft is firstly utilized to drive the drilling head to rotate, then the rotary air cylinder drives the bidirectional rotary air cylinder to advance through the screw rod, and then the drilling head is utilized to drill a wall. When the drilling spindle rotates along one direction, the inner ring is driven to rotate, the plurality of rollers are enabled to move towards the circumferential direction of the shallower position of the cam groove, the outer ring and the inner ring are clamped and fixed under the abutting of the folding spring, and then the drilling spindle can drive the drilling head to rotate so as to perform drilling operation. When the drilling spindle rotates reversely, the inner ring rotates reversely, the plurality of rollers overcome the elastic force of the folding spring and move circumferentially towards the deeper position of the cam groove, and then the plurality of rollers can rotate freely and only play a supporting role, but cannot be clamped with the inner ring and the outer ring to transmit torque, and finally the drilling head is powered off and cannot rotate. Because the retainer is provided with the plurality of ribbed plates, the plurality of folded springs can be clamped by the plurality of ribbed plates, so that the plurality of folded springs cannot be loosened in the production and use processes, and the one-way clutch is not easy to damage.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a special hole-punching machine for construction engineering according to an embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a first one-way clutch according to one embodiment.

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the first one-way clutch shown in fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the retainer, the roller, the sliding bearing block, the elastic frame and the first folding spring according to another embodiment.

Fig. 5 is a perspective exploded view of the retainer, the roller, the sliding bearing block, the elastic frame and the first folding spring shown in fig. 4.

Fig. 6 is an exploded perspective view of the sliding bearing block, the elastic frame and the first folding spring according to an embodiment.

Fig. 7 is an exploded perspective view of the sliding bearing block, the elastic frame and the first folding spring shown in fig. 6 from another perspective.

Detailed Description

To facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.

It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only embodiments.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

The invention relates to a special perforating machine for constructional engineering. For example, the construction-specific drilling machine comprises a drilling spindle, a first one-way clutch and a drilling head, wherein the drilling head is mounted on the drilling spindle through the first one-way clutch. For example, first one way clutch includes inner circle (inner race), outer ring (outer race), holder (retainer), a plurality of roller (roller), a plurality of folding spring (recording spring) and a plurality of sliding bearing piece (block bearing), the fixed cover of inner circle is located on the drilling main shaft, the outer ring with the inner circle is coaxial to be set up and centers on the inner circle, the coaxial fixed cover of drilling head is located on the outer circle. For example, the inner circumferential surface of the outer ring is provided with a plurality of cam grooves (cam grooves) and a plurality of engaging grooves, the cage is mounted between the inner ring and the outer ring, and the cage is provided with a plurality of ribs. For example, the plurality of rollers are mounted on the holder and respectively and rollably abut against the plurality of cam grooves, and the plurality of accordion springs are respectively clamped on the plurality of ribs and respectively abut against the plurality of rollers. For example, the plurality of sliding bearing blocks are disposed on the retainer and are respectively clamped in the plurality of clamping grooves, and bottom surfaces of the plurality of sliding bearing blocks are in sliding fit with a circumferential surface of the inner ring.

Referring to fig. 1 to 3, a special hole punching machine for construction engineering includes a base 10, a lift cylinder 12 and a mounting block 13, wherein the lift cylinder 12 is disposed on the base 10, and the mounting block 13 is mounted at the top end of an output shaft of the lift cylinder 12. The special perforating machine for the construction engineering further comprises a guide assembly 20, wherein the guide assembly 20 comprises two mounting plates 21 and a screw joint block 22, the two mounting plates 21 are arranged on the mounting block 13 in a protruding mode, and the screw joint block 22 is arranged on the two mounting plates 21 in a sliding mode. The guide assembly 20 further includes a screw rod 23 and a rotary cylinder 24, the rotary cylinder 24 is mounted on the mounting block 13, one end of the screw rod 23 is inserted into the mounting block 13 and connected with the rotary cylinder 24, the other end of the screw rod 23 is inserted into the screw block 22 and screwed with the screw block 22, and a stop ring is arranged at an end of the screw rod 23. The mounting block 13 is provided with a mounting hole, a bearing is arranged in the mounting hole, and one end of the screw rod 23, which is far away from the screw block 22, penetrates through the bearing. Two rectangular grooves are formed in the screw block 22, the two mounting plates 21 are respectively and slidably arranged in the two rectangular grooves in a penetrating mode, a thread groove is formed in the screw block 22, and the screw rod 23 is screwed in the thread groove. The special perforating machine for the construction engineering further comprises a bidirectional rotary cylinder 25, and the bidirectional rotary cylinder 25 is installed on the screw block 22.

The lifting height of the mounting block 13 can be controlled by the lifting oil cylinder 12, the screw rod can be driven to rotate by the rotary air cylinder 24, and the screw block 22 can be driven to drive the screw block 22 to move back and forth by the screw rod 23.

For example, the construction-dedicated hole puncher further comprises a hole-drilling main shaft 26, a first one-way clutch 40 and a hole-drilling head 27, wherein the hole-drilling main shaft 26 is mounted on the output shaft of the bidirectional rotary cylinder 25. The drilling head 27 is mounted on the drilling spindle 26 through the first one-way clutch 40, the first one-way clutch 40 includes an inner ring, an outer ring 41, a holder 42, a plurality of rollers 43, a plurality of folding springs 50 and a plurality of sliding bearing blocks 45, the inner ring is fixedly sleeved on the drilling spindle 26, the outer ring 41 and the inner ring are coaxially arranged and surround the inner ring, the drilling head 27 is coaxially and fixedly sleeved on the outer ring 41, the inner circumferential surface of the outer ring 41 is concavely provided with a plurality of cam grooves 415 and a plurality of clamping grooves 418, the holder 42 is mounted between the inner ring and the outer ring 41, the holder 42 is provided with a plurality of ribs 425, the plurality of rollers 43 are mounted on the holder 42 and respectively and rollably abut against the plurality of cam grooves 415, the plurality of folding springs 50 are respectively clamped on the plurality of ribs 425 and respectively abut against the plurality of rollers 43, the sliding bearing blocks 45 are arranged on the retainer 42 and are respectively clamped in the clamping grooves 418, and the bottom surfaces of the sliding bearing blocks 45 are in sliding fit with the circumferential surface of the inner ring.

When the bidirectional rotary air cylinder is used, the drilling main shaft 26 is used for driving the drilling head 27 to rotate, then the rotary air cylinder 24 drives the bidirectional rotary air cylinder 25 to advance through the screw rod 23, and then the drilling head 27 is used for drilling a wall. When the drilling spindle 26 rotates in one direction, the inner ring is driven to rotate, the plurality of rollers 43 are driven to move circumferentially toward the shallow position of the cam groove 415, and the outer ring 41 and the inner ring are fixed by being clamped and stopped by the folding spring 50, so that the drilling spindle 26 can drive the drilling head 27 to rotate, and drilling operation is performed. When the drilling spindle 26 rotates reversely, the inner ring rotates reversely, so that the rollers 43 are caused to overcome the elastic force of the folding spring 50 and move circumferentially to the deeper position of the cam groove 415, and further the rollers 43 can rotate freely and only play a supporting role, but cannot block the inner ring and the outer ring 41 to transmit torque, and finally the drilling head 27 is powered off and does not rotate. Since the plurality of ribs 425 are provided on the holder 42, the plurality of folding springs 50 can be locked by the plurality of ribs 425, so that the plurality of folding springs 50 are not loosened during production and use, and the one-way clutch is not easily damaged.

For example, in order to reversely rotate the drilling spindle 26 after drilling to clean up the residue and the extruded soil remaining around the drilling after the drilling operation, the special hole puncher for construction engineering further comprises a second one-way clutch and a dust cover cylinder 28, the dust cover cylinder 28 is mounted on the drilling spindle 26 through the second one-way clutch, when the drilling spindle 26 rotates along the first direction, the first one-way clutch 40 is used for driving the drilling head 27 to rotate, at this time, the second one-way clutch interrupts the power of the dust cover cylinder 28, and then the dust cover cylinder 28 can be used for blocking and establishing the splashed dust. When the drilling spindle 26 rotates in a second direction, the second one-way clutch is used to drive the dust cover canister 28 to rotate, and the first one-way clutch 40 interrupts the power of the drilling head 27, wherein the first direction is opposite to the second direction. For example, the inner ring of the second one-way clutch is fixedly sleeved on the drilling spindle 26, and one end of the dust cover cylinder 28 is fixedly sleeved on the outer ring 41 of the second one-way clutch. The inner diameter of the dust cover cylinder 28 far away from one end of the second one-way clutch is gradually increased to form a flexible cover, the flexible cover is provided with a conical ring, the conical ring is wrapped on the periphery of the drilling head 27, and the inner side of the conical ring is provided with a plurality of friction hairballs. Through utilizing the dust cover cylinder 28 drives a plurality of friction hair balls are rotatory, then can rub and remove the peripheral dregs of drilling and the earth of extruding among the drilling process, prevent that the dust from dropping in ground or tearing and removing and splash.

For example, it is particularly important to prevent the folding spring 50 from falling off and to prevent the sliding bearing blocks 45 from loosening, please refer to fig. 4 to 7, a plurality of bearing holes 421 and a plurality of actuating holes 422 are opened on the retainer 42, the plurality of bearing holes 421 are respectively used for accommodating the plurality of sliding bearing blocks 45, the plurality of actuating holes are used for accommodating the plurality of rollers 43, and four rollers 43 are arranged between every two adjacent sliding bearing blocks 45. A connecting bottom plate 423 is arranged between the bearing hole 421 and the actuating hole 422 on the adjacent side, the connecting bottom plate 423 extends along the axial direction of the first one-way clutch 40, one rib plate 425 and a fin body 424 are arranged on the connecting bottom plate 423 in an upward protruding manner, the rib plate 425 extends upwards in an arc manner, the fin body 424 comprises a strip plate portion 426 and a supporting plate portion 427 extending outwards from an arc line at the bottom edge of the strip plate portion 426, and the extending direction of the supporting plate portion 427 deviates from the extending direction of the rib plate 425. The top of the sliding bearing block 45 is clamped into the clamping groove 418 of the outer ring 41, two convex ridges 451 are respectively arranged on two opposite sides of the sliding bearing block 45 in a protruding manner, and the top edge of the abutting plate portion 427 abuts against the bottoms of the convex ridges 451. A through groove 452 is formed in the middle of the sliding bearing block 45, the through groove 452 penetrates through the two opposite ends of the sliding bearing block 45, and chamfers 453 are respectively formed on two sides of the top of the through groove 452. The opposite ends of the sliding bearing block 45 are respectively provided with a first notch 454 and a second notch 455 in a concave manner, the first notch 454 and the second notch 455 both penetrate through the top surface and the bottom surface of the sliding bearing block 45, and the second notch 455 extends through one side of the sliding bearing block 45 adjacent to the abutting plate portion 427. The sliding bearing block 45 is further provided with a locking groove 456 and a through groove 457 respectively, the through groove 457 penetrates through the side wall of the sliding bearing block 45 and is adjacent to the first notch 454, the locking groove 456 is concavely arranged on the end wall of the sliding bearing block 45, namely, on the bottom surface of the second notch 455, and the locking groove 456 is communicated with the through groove 452.

For example, the folding spring 50 adjacent to the second notch 455 is defined as a first folding spring, the first folding spring 50 includes a serpentine spring portion 53 and a linear spring portion 55, one end of the serpentine spring portion 53 is inserted into the rib 425 and vertically protruded with a locking piece 51, and the locking piece 51 is inserted into the through groove 457 of the sliding bearing block 45 and extends into the through groove 452. A plurality of n-shaped side portions 531 are formed on one side of the serpentine spring portion 53, a holding piece 52 is formed on one end of the serpentine spring portion 53 away from the engaging piece 51, and the holding piece 52 elastically abuts against the roller 43. The pushing and holding piece 52 extends along the axial direction of the roller 43, the cross section of the pushing and holding piece 52 is V-shaped, one end of the pushing and holding piece 52 extends to form a C-shaped piece 54, the C-shaped piece 54 extends to the end part of the roller 43, the C-shaped piece 54 is matched with the peripheral surface of the roller 43, one end of the linear spring part 55 is connected to the end part of the C-shaped piece 54, the other end of the linear spring part extends along the axial direction of the retainer 42 and is clamped in the clamping groove 456 on the bottom surface of the second notch 455 of the sliding bearing block 45, one end of the linear spring part 55 far away from the C-shaped piece 54 is vertically provided with a matching piece 56, and the matching piece 56 extends into the through groove 452 of the sliding bearing block 45 and is clamped on the chamfer 453 of the through groove 452. The straight-line spring portion 55 is formed with a corrugated portion 552, the corrugated portion 552 is provided with a plurality of arched elastic pieces 555 in a protruding manner, and the plurality of arched elastic pieces 555 elastically abut against a plurality of n-shaped side portions 531 of the serpentine spring portion 53 respectively. The C-shaped piece 54 allows the first folding spring 50 to be fitted to the roller 43 better, and the engaging piece 51 and the engaging piece 56 allow the slide bearing block 45 to be engaged from two different places to position the slide bearing block 45 and the first folding spring 50 so that the first folding spring 50 is not easily shaken and the first folding spring 50 is not easily released. The plurality of arched elastic pieces 555 are elastically abutted against the plurality of n-shaped side portions 531 of the serpentine spring portion 53, so that the elastic force of the first folding spring 50 can be further increased, and when the serpentine spring portion 53 contracts, the plurality of n-shaped side portions 531 on the serpentine spring portion 53 protrude and abut against the plurality of arched elastic pieces 555, so that the linear spring portion 55 is straightened, the speed of the first folding spring 50 during contraction is reduced, the C-shaped piece 54 can retreat at a slow speed and smoothly cooperate with the retreat of the roller 43, and the elastic abutting force of the first folding spring 50 against the roller 43 is improved.

For example, the top edge of the rib 425 is formed with an inclined downward stop 4255, the stop 4255 is located at one side of the seesaw body 424, and the stop 4255 stops at the upper edge of the end of the serpentine spring portion 53. The warped plate body 424 is further provided with an elastic frame 58, the elastic frame 58 comprises an n-shaped clamping portion 581, a first abutting piece 582, a second abutting piece 583 and a connecting rod 585, the n-shaped engaging portion 581 is engaged with the strip plate 426 of the warped body 424, the first supporting piece 582 and the second supporting piece 583 both protrude from an edge of one side of the top of the n-shaped engaging portion 581, and all extend obliquely upward, the first abutting piece 582 abuts against the bottom of the ridge 451 of the sliding bearing block 45, and is attached to the abutting plate portion 427, the top edge of the second abutting piece 583 abuts against the bottom of the stop piece 4255, the connecting rod 585 is fixedly disposed at the connection position of the n-shaped clamping portion 581 and the first abutting piece 582, and extends in the axial direction of the holder 42, and the end of the coupling rod 585 is vertically fixed to the locking piece 51 of the serpentine spring 53.

When the first folding spring 50 is installed, the end of the serpentine spring portion 53 of the first folding spring 50 is first sleeved on the rib 425 and goes over the stop piece 4255 to the lower side, meanwhile, the n-shaped clamping portion 581 of the elastic frame 58 is clamped on the strip plate, and is bent to make the first abutting piece 582 abut against the bottom of the convex ridge 451 of the sliding bearing block 45, and the second abutting piece 583 is bent to make the second abutting piece 583 abut against the bottom of the stopping piece 4255, and is clamped into the through groove 452 of the sliding bearing block 45 by using the clamping piece 51, and the linear spring 55 is inserted into the clamping groove 456 of the second notch 455 of the sliding bearing block 45, so that the matching piece 56 of the linear spring 55 extends into the through groove 452 of the sliding bearing block 45 and is clamped on the chamfer 453 of the through groove 452. By installing the elastic frame 58, the supporting and positioning functions of the sliding bearing block 45 can be further increased, and the clamping force of the first folding spring 50 can also be enhanced.

The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.

The above embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A special perforating machine for construction engineering is characterized by comprising a drilling main shaft, a first one-way clutch and a drilling head, wherein the drilling head is arranged on the drilling main shaft through the first one-way clutch, the first one-way clutch comprises an inner ring, an outer ring, a retainer, a plurality of rollers, a plurality of folding springs and a plurality of sliding bearing blocks, the inner ring is fixedly sleeved on the drilling main shaft, the outer ring and the inner ring are coaxially arranged and surround the inner ring, the drilling head is coaxially and fixedly sleeved on the outer ring, a plurality of cam grooves are concavely arranged on the inner circumferential surface of the outer ring, a plurality of clamping grooves are concavely arranged on the inner circumferential surface of the outer ring, the retainer is arranged between the inner ring and the outer ring, a plurality of ribbed plates are arranged on the retainer, the plurality of rollers are respectively and rollably abutted against the plurality of cam grooves, the plurality of folding springs are respectively clamped on the plurality of ribbed plates and respectively abutted against the plurality of rollers, the plurality of, the bottom surfaces of the sliding bearing blocks are in sliding fit with the circumferential surface of the inner ring;

the special perforating machine for the building engineering further comprises a base, a lifting oil cylinder and a mounting block, wherein the lifting oil cylinder is arranged on the base, the mounting block is arranged at the top end of an output shaft of the lifting oil cylinder, the special perforating machine for the building engineering further comprises a guide assembly, the guide assembly comprises two mounting plates and a screw block, the two mounting plates are both convexly arranged on the mounting block, the screw block is slidably arranged on the two mounting plates, the guide assembly further comprises a lead screw and a rotary air cylinder, the rotary air cylinder is arranged on the mounting block, one end of the lead screw is arranged in the mounting block in a penetrating manner and is connected with the rotary air cylinder, the other end of the lead screw is arranged in the screw block in a penetrating manner and is mutually screwed with the screw block, the end part of the lead screw is provided with a stop ring, a mounting hole is formed in the mounting block, a bearing is arranged in the mounting hole, one end of the lead, the special perforating machine for the building engineering further comprises a bidirectional rotary cylinder, the bidirectional rotary cylinder is arranged on the screwing block, the drilling spindle is arranged on an output shaft of the bidirectional rotary cylinder, the special perforating machine for the building engineering further comprises a second one-way clutch and a dust cover barrel, the dust cover barrel is arranged on the drilling spindle through the second one-way clutch, when the drilling spindle rotates along a first direction, the first one-way clutch is used for driving a drilling head to rotate, when the drilling spindle rotates along a second direction, the second one-way clutch is used for driving the dust cover barrel to rotate, the first direction is opposite to the second direction, an inner ring of the second one-way clutch is fixedly sleeved on the drilling spindle, one end of the dust cover barrel is fixedly sleeved on an outer ring of the second one-way clutch, and the inner diameter of one end, away from the second one-way clutch, of the dust cover barrel is gradually increased, forming a flexible covering conical ring, wherein the flexible covering conical ring is wrapped on the periphery of the drilling head, and a plurality of friction hairballs are arranged on the inner side of the flexible covering conical ring;

the retainer is provided with a plurality of bearing holes and a plurality of actuating holes, the plurality of bearing holes are respectively used for accommodating a plurality of sliding bearing blocks, the plurality of actuating holes are used for accommodating a plurality of rollers, four rollers are arranged between every two adjacent sliding bearing blocks, a connecting bottom plate is arranged between the bearing holes and the actuating hole on one adjacent side, the connecting bottom plate extends along the axial direction of the first one-way clutch, a rib plate and a tilted plate body are arranged on the connecting bottom plate in a protruding mode, the arc shape of the rib plate extends upwards, the tilted plate body comprises a strip-shaped plate part and a supporting plate part extending outwards from the bottom edge arc line of the strip-shaped plate part, the extending direction of the supporting plate part deviates from the extending direction of the rib plate, the top of each sliding bearing block is clamped into a clamping groove of the outer ring, two opposite sides of each sliding bearing block are respectively provided with two convex ridges in a protruding mode, the top, the through groove penetrates through two opposite ends of the sliding bearing block, chamfer angles are formed on two sides of the top of the through groove respectively, a first notch groove and a second notch groove are respectively concavely formed in two opposite ends of the sliding bearing block, the first notch groove and the second notch groove both penetrate through the top surface and the bottom surface of the sliding bearing block, the second notch groove extends through one side, close to the abutting plate portion, of the sliding bearing block, a clamping groove and a through groove are further formed in the sliding bearing block respectively, the through groove penetrates through the side wall of the sliding bearing block and is close to the first notch groove, the clamping groove is concavely formed in the end wall of the sliding bearing block, and the clamping groove is communicated with the through groove;

the folding spring adjacent to the second slot is defined as a first folding spring, the first folding spring comprises a snake-shaped spring part and a linear spring part, one end of the snake-shaped spring part is sleeved on the rib plate and vertically and convexly provided with a clamping sheet, the clamping sheet is inserted in the through slot of the sliding bearing block and extends into the through slot, one side of the snake-shaped spring part is provided with a plurality of n-shaped side parts, one end of the snake-shaped spring part, far away from the clamping sheet, is provided with a pushing sheet, the pushing sheet elastically abuts against the roller and extends along the axial direction of the roller, the cross section of the pushing sheet is V-shaped, one end of the pushing sheet extends to form a C-shaped sheet, the C-shaped sheet extends to the end part of the roller, the C-shaped sheet is matched with the peripheral surface of the roller, one end of the linear spring part is connected to the end part of the C-shaped sheet, the other end of the linear spring part extends along the axial direction of the retainer and is clamped into the clamping slot at the bottom surface of, the matching sheet extends into the through groove of the sliding bearing block and is clamped on the chamfer angle of the through groove, a fold part is formed on the linear spring part, a plurality of arched elastic sheets are convexly arranged on the fold part, the arched elastic sheets are respectively elastically abutted on a plurality of n-shaped side parts of the serpentine spring part, a stop sheet inclining downwards is formed at the top edge of the rib plate, the stop sheet is positioned at one side of the warped sheet body, the stop sheet is stopped at the upper edge of the end part of the serpentine spring part, an elastic frame is further arranged on the warped sheet body, the elastic frame comprises an n-shaped clamping part, a first abutting sheet, a second abutting sheet and a connecting rod, the n-shaped clamping part is clamped on the strip-shaped plate part of the warped sheet body, the first abutting sheet and the second abutting sheet both protrude out of one side edge of the top part of the n-shaped clamping part and both incline upwards extend, the first abutting sheet abuts on the bottom of the convex ridge of the sliding bearing block and is attached on the abutting part, the top edge of the second abutting piece abuts against the bottom of the stop piece, the connecting rod is fixedly arranged at the connecting position of the n-shaped clamping part and the first abutting piece and extends along the axial direction of the retainer, and the end part of the connecting rod is vertically fixed on the clamping piece of the snake-shaped spring part.