CN110560768A - Cutting tool and tool bit structure thereof - Google Patents
Cutting tool and tool bit structure thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110560768A CN110560768A CN201910868410.0A CN201910868410A CN110560768A CN 110560768 A CN110560768 A CN 110560768A CN 201910868410 A CN201910868410 A CN 201910868410A CN 110560768 A CN110560768 A CN 110560768A
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 540
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 abstract description 48
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
- B23C5/02—Milling-cutters characterised by the shape of the cutter
- B23C5/10—Shank-type cutters, i.e. with an integral shaft
- B23C5/1081—Shank-type cutters, i.e. with an integral shaft with permanently fixed cutting inserts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C2200/00—Details of milling cutting inserts
- B23C2200/32—Chip breaking or chip evacuation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23C—MILLING
- B23C2226/00—Materials of tools or workpieces not comprising a metal
- B23C2226/31—Diamond
- B23C2226/315—Diamond polycrystalline [PCD]
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Milling Processes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of precision machining, and discloses a cutting tool and a tool bit structure thereof, which comprise a cutting edge part, wherein the cutting edge part comprises a cutting main body, the outer surface of the cutting main body comprises a front end surface and an outer peripheral surface connected with the front end surface, the outer peripheral surface is a cylindrical surface, the outer surface of the cutting main body is provided with a first cutting edge and at least two second cutting edges respectively arranged at two sides of the first cutting edge, and the front end surfaces of the first cutting edge and the second cutting edge form a cambered surface protruding forwards; the first cutting edge extends from one side of the outer peripheral surface of the cutting body to the central area of the front end surface of the cutting body and then extends to the other side of the outer peripheral surface of the cutting body, and a first chip removal groove is formed between the first cutting edge and a second cutting edge adjacent to the first cutting edge. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the machining roughness of the complex 3D small-curved-surface profile is improved, the step pitch of a cutting tool is increased, the machining efficiency is improved, the tool abrasion can be reduced, and the service life of the tool is prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of precision machining, in particular to a cutting tool and a tool bit structure thereof.
Background
Among the prior art, treat that the processing work piece has more cambered surface and need process, and at the in-process that uses traditional spherical milling cutter processing cambered surface, the main cutting edge atress that passes the setting of milling cutter top central point is concentrated, and wearing and tearing are very fast, influence cutter life, and lead to processing unstability, cause roughness and the profile tolerance of the work piece of same batch to have the difference, and the quality is difficult to obtain guaranteeing. In order to solve the problem, the existing technical scheme is that the auxiliary cutting edges are arranged on two sides of the main cutting edge to assist in cutting, so that the cutting amount of the first cutting edge is reduced, but the scheme also has the defects: firstly, the machining efficiency is influenced by the machining roughness and the profile tolerance of the spherical milling cutter, and the setting of the step pitch is bound to be limited in order to ensure the machining precision; secondly, under the influence of the radian of the top of the spherical milling cutter, when a small-curve profile is machined, the minor cutting edges share less cutting amount as the main cutting edges, and the main cutting edges still need to bear a larger part of cutting amount, so that the main cutting edges are abraded more heavily, and the profile degree and the roughness of the machined workpiece are poor; thirdly, the cutting edges at the top of the milling cutter are too dense, a large amount of cutting chips are generated in the machining process, and the cutting chips are difficult to remove in time, so that the machining heat is concentrated, and the service life, the machining precision and the machining stability of the milling cutter are influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cutting tool which can improve the processing precision of a small curved surface contour, is beneficial to increasing the step pitch of the cutting tool so as to improve the processing efficiency, and can reduce the tool abrasion so as to prolong the service life of the tool.
In order to achieve the above object, in one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a cutter head structure including a cutting edge portion including a cutting body, an outer surface of the cutting body including a front end surface and an outer peripheral surface connected to the front end surface, the outer peripheral surface of the cutting body being a cylindrical surface, the outer surface of the cutting body being provided with a first cutting edge and at least two second cutting edges, the front end surface of the first cutting edge and the front end surface of the second cutting edge forming a forwardly convex arc surface;
the first cutting edge extends from one side of the outer peripheral surface of the cutting body to the central area of the front end surface of the cutting body and then extends to the other side of the outer peripheral surface of the cutting body, the second cutting edges are respectively arranged on two sides of the first cutting edge, and a first chip removal groove is defined between the first cutting edge and the second cutting edge adjacent to the first cutting edge.
Preferably, the curved surface formed by the tip surface of the first cutting edge and the tip surface of the second cutting edge is an arc surface, the radius R thereof is 0.5mm to 400mm, and the diameter D of the outer peripheral surface of the cutting body is 0.5mm to 100 mm.
Preferably, a radius R of a curved surface formed by the front end surface of the first cutting edge and the front end surface of the second cutting edge is 1mm to 50 mm; the diameter D of the outer peripheral surface of the cutting body is 2mm to 10 mm.
Preferably, the width of the first chip flute is greater on the outer peripheral surface of the cutting body than on the front end surface of the cutting body.
preferably, a chamfer edge portion is provided at a portion of the first cutting edge located at a junction between the front end surface and the outer peripheral surface of the cutting body, and the chamfer edge portion is in an outwardly convex arc shape.
Preferably, the chamfer edge portion is arc-shaped, and the radius r of the chamfer edge portion is 0.02mm to 10 mm.
Preferably, the radius r of the chamfer edge part is 0.1mm to 5 mm.
preferably, the front end surface of the cutting body is a forward convex arc surface, and the first cutting edge and each of the second cutting edges have the same height.
Preferably, the first cutting edge passes through an apex of a front end surface of the cutting body, and the cutting body is symmetrically distributed about the first cutting edge.
Preferably, each of the second cutting edges is symmetrically distributed with respect to the first cutting edge.
preferably, the second cutting edge includes a first cutting segment and a second cutting segment respectively connected to both ends of the first cutting segment, the first cutting segment is located on a front end surface of the cutting body, and the second cutting segment extends from an end of the first cutting segment to a rear end of an outer circumferential surface of the cutting body;
Each second cutting segment is spiral, the rotating directions of the two second cutting segments positioned at the two ends of the first cutting segment are opposite, and the rotating directions of the corresponding second cutting segments positioned at the two sides of the first cutting edge are also opposite.
Preferably, the first cutting segment is a straight edge, and the helix angle of the second cutting segment is 0 to 60 °.
preferably, the helix angle of the second cutting section is 5 to 30 °.
Preferably, the second cutting edge is disposed on each of both sides of the first cutting edge.
Preferably, the width W1 of the first cutting edge and the width W2 of the second cutting edge are both 0.005mm to 0.2mm, and the depth of the first chip groove is 0.02mm to 1 mm.
Preferably, the width W1 of the first cutting edge and the width W2 of the second cutting edge are both 0.01mm to 0.1mm, and the depth of the first chip groove is 0.1mm to 0.5 mm.
Preferably, the cutting body, the first cutting edge, and the second cutting edge are formed integrally.
Preferably, the outer surface of the cutting body is further provided with cutting edge groups positioned outside the two outermost second cutting edges;
The cutting edge group comprises a plurality of third cutting edges, and second chip grooves are defined between every two adjacent third cutting edges and between the third cutting edges and the second cutting edges adjacent to the third cutting edges.
Preferably, each of the third cutting edges is symmetrically distributed with respect to the first cutting edge.
Preferably, each of the third cutting edges has a helical shape.
preferably, the cutting edge group is of a symmetrical structure.
Preferably, the third cutting edges on one side of the center line of symmetry of the cutting edge group have opposite rotation directions to the third cutting edges on the other side of the center line of symmetry of the cutting edge group.
Preferably, the cutting edge group further comprises at least two fourth cutting edges, and each fourth cutting edge is respectively arranged at two sides of the symmetrical center line of the cutting edge group and is close to the symmetrical center line; third chip flutes are defined between adjacent fourth cutting edges and between the fourth cutting edges and the third cutting edges adjacent thereto.
Preferably, a portion of the fourth cutting edge located on the front end surface of the cutting body is a straight edge; the fourth cutting edge is spirally formed on the outer peripheral surface of the cutting body, and the turning direction of the fourth cutting edge is the same as that of the third cutting edge positioned on the same side of the symmetrical center line of the cutting edge group.
Preferably, the helix angle of the third cutting edge is 0 to 60 °, and the helix angle of each third cutting edge in the portion of the outer peripheral surface of the cutting body gradually increases from the middle to both sides.
Preferably, a helix angle of a portion of the fourth cutting edge located on the outer peripheral surface of the cutting body is 0 to 60 ° and is smaller than a helix angle of each of the third cutting edges.
Preferably, one end of the third cutting edge is connected to the second cutting edge, and the other end of the third cutting edge is disposed on the outer circumferential surface of the cutting body.
Preferably, the material of the cutting edge portion is any one of polycrystalline diamond, single crystal diamond, chemical vapor deposition diamond, polycrystalline cubic boron nitride, ceramic and hard alloy.
In order to achieve the same object, in another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a cutting tool comprising a tool shank and the tool bit structure of any one of the above technical solutions, wherein the rear end surface of the cutting body is connected to the front end of the tool shank.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
The cutting tool is characterized in that a first cutting edge and a plurality of second cutting edges which are respectively arranged on two sides of the first cutting edge are arranged on the outer surface of a cutting main body, wherein the outer surface of the cutting main body comprises a front end surface and an outer peripheral surface connected with the front end surface, the outer peripheral surface is a cylindrical surface, the front end surface of the first cutting edge and the front end surface of the second cutting edge form a cambered surface protruding forwards so as to be beneficial to processing of a small-cambered-surface profile, and the first cutting edge extends from one side of the outer peripheral surface of the cutting main body to the central area of the front end surface of the cutting main body and then extends to the other side; in the process of machining the small curved surface profile, the second cutting edge is used for cutting most of allowance, the cutting amount of the first cutting edge positioned in the central area is reduced, the remaining cutting allowance is machined by the first cutting edge, and the cutting tool has the property of performing rough machining and finish machining, so that the abrasion of the first cutting edge can be reduced, the machining precision can be effectively improved, the roughness of a workpiece after machining is guaranteed, the service life of the first cutting edge is prolonged, and the service life of the tool is prolonged; meanwhile, the improvement of the machining precision of the cutter is beneficial to increasing the step pitch of the cutting cutter under the condition of meeting the requirement of the machining precision, so that the machining efficiency can be greatly improved; moreover, the first chip removal groove defined between the second cutting edge and the first cutting edge can facilitate chip removal, and adverse effects on forming precision and tool life caused by chip accumulation in the top area of the cutting body are avoided.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a tool tip structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a front view of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a left side view of FIG. 2;
Fig. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a cutter head structure according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is a schematic perspective view of a cutting tool according to an embodiment of the present invention.
100, a tool bit structure; 10. a cutting edge part; 11. a cutting body; 11a, cutting the front end surface of the body; 11b, cutting the outer peripheral surface of the body; 12. a first cutting edge; 121. chamfering the edge part; 13. a second cutting edge; 131. a first cutting section; 132. a second cutting segment; 14. a first chip discharge groove; 15. a set of cutting edges; 151. a third cutting edge; 152. a fourth cutting edge; 16. a second chip groove; 17. a third chip groove; 18. a fourth chip groove; 200. a tool shank.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "forward" and "rearward" refer to the end of the cutting tool that is closer to the work piece being machined as "forward" and the end that is farther from the work piece being machined as "rearward" during cutting. In addition, in the present invention, the term "central region of the front end surface of the cutting body" refers to a region position including a center point on the front end surface of the cutting body and closer to the center point of the front end surface of the cutting body, "an apex of the front end surface of the cutting body" refers to a position on the front end surface of the cutting body farthest from the tool shank during cutting, and a top region of the front end surface of the cutting body "refers to a region position on the outer surface of the cutting body including an apex of the front end surface of the cutting body and closer to the apex of the front end surface of the cutting body. Furthermore, the present invention employs the terms "first," "second," "third," etc. to describe various information, merely to distinguish one type of information from another, and not to indicate or imply relative importance.
In one aspect of the present invention, a cutter head structure is provided, and the following embodiments are provided:
Example one
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, a preferred embodiment of a cutter head structure 100 provided by the present invention includes a cutting edge portion 10, wherein the cutting edge portion 10 includes a cutting body 11, an outer surface of the cutting body 11 includes a front end surface 11a and an outer peripheral surface 11b connected to the front end surface 11a, the outer peripheral surface 11b of the cutting body 11 is a cylindrical surface, and the outer surface of the cutting body 11 is provided with a first cutting edge 12 and at least two second cutting edges 13; the first cutting edge 12 extends from one side of the outer peripheral surface 11b of the cutting body 11 to the top area of the front end surface of the cutting body 11, and then extends to the other side of the outer peripheral surface 11b of the cutting body 11, the second cutting edges 13 are respectively arranged at two sides of the first cutting edge 12, the front end surface of the first cutting edge 12 and the front end surface of the second cutting edge 13 form a cambered surface protruding forwards so as to be beneficial to processing a small-cambered-surface profile, and a first chip removal groove 14 is defined between the first cutting edge 12 and the second cutting edge 13 adjacent to the first cutting edge 12.
In view of the above-mentioned technical features, the cutting head structure has a first cutting edge 12 and a plurality of second cutting edges 13 on the outer surface of the cutting body 11, and as seen from the top view shown in fig. 2, the first cutting edge 12 passes through the central region of the cutting body 11, and a specific embodiment including two second cutting edges 13 is shown, and the two second cutting edges 13 are respectively disposed on both sides of the first cutting edge 12, so that when machining, for example, a low-profile curved surface profile, a cutting operation is performed by the second cutting edges 13 to cut most of the remaining amount, the cutting amount of the first cutting edge 12 in the central region is reduced, and the remaining cutting amount is cut by the first cutting edge 12, thereby having a property of rough machining before finish machining, thereby reducing the wear of the first cutting edge 12 and effectively improving the machining accuracy, the roughness of the machined workpiece is guaranteed, the service life of the first cutting edge 12 is prolonged, and therefore the service life of the cutter is prolonged; meanwhile, due to the improvement of the machining precision of the cutter, the step pitch of the cutting cutter is increased under the condition of meeting the requirement of the machining precision, and the machining efficiency can be greatly improved compared with that of a spherical milling cutter.
Moreover, in the present embodiment, the first chip removal groove 14 defined between the second cutting edge 13 and the first cutting edge 12 facilitates timely removal of chips on the top area of the cutting tool, so as to avoid the chips from being accumulated on the top area of the cutting body 11 to adversely affect the forming accuracy and the tool life. Further, the width of the first chip discharge groove 14 on the outer peripheral surface 11b of the cutting body 11 is greater than the width thereof on the front end surface of the cutting body 11, so that the chip discharge capacity can be further optimized, the concentration of processing heat is avoided, and the processing precision and the processing stability are improved.
Preferably, in the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the arc surface formed by the front end surface of the first cutting edge 12 and the front end surface of the second cutting edge 13 is an arc surface, the radius of the arc surface is R, R is 0.5mm to 400mm, the diameter of the outer peripheral surface 11b of the cutting body 11 is D, D is 0.5mm to 100mm, and based on the tool bit structure in this range, the machining accuracy can be ensured when machining a small curved surface profile, and the specific dimensions of R and D can be determined according to the curvature of the machined curved surface. Furthermore, R is 1 mm-50 mm, and the diameter D is 2 mm-10 mm.
As a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 and 3, a chamfer edge portion 121 is provided at a portion of the first cutting edge 12 located at a junction between the front end surface 11a and the outer peripheral surface 11b of the cutting body 11, and the chamfer edge portion 121 has an outwardly convex arc shape, thereby forming a double-arc structure, facilitating the machining of curved surfaces with various structural contours, and improving the applicability of the tool.
Preferably, in an embodiment, the chamfer edge part 121 is arc-shaped, and the radius of the chamfer edge part 121 is r, and r is 0.02mm to 10mm, so as to facilitate processing of a small curved surface profile. Further, the radius r of the chamfer edge part 121 is 0.1mm to 5 mm.
Further, in the embodiment, the front end surface 11a of the cutting body 11 is a forward convex arc surface, and the heights of the first cutting edge 12 and each of the second cutting edges 13 are the same, so that the front end surface of the first cutting edge 12 and the front end surface of the second cutting edge 13 form the forward convex arc surface. It is understood that, as an alternative, the front end surface 11a of the cutting body 11 is a plane, and the first cutting edge 12 is higher than each of the second cutting edges 13, so that the front end surfaces of the first and second cutting edges 12 and 13 form a forwardly convex arc surface, and the front end surface of the first cutting edge 12 is protruded.
preferably, the first cutting edge 12 passes through the vertex of the front end surface 11a of the cutting body 11, and the cutting body 11 is symmetrically distributed about the first cutting edge 12. When a curved surface contour is machined, a small margin is cut into the workpiece mainly by the intermediate region of the first cutting edge 12, so that the machining accuracy of the workpiece contour is improved.
Specifically, each of the second cutting edges 13 is symmetrically distributed with respect to the first cutting edge 12, so that the cutting amount of the first cutting edge 12 can be uniformly shared by each of the second cutting edges 13, which is more favorable for reducing the cutting amount of the first cutting edge 12, thereby reducing the wear of the first cutting edge 12, and is favorable for ensuring the stability of the cutting operation of the tool, effectively improving the machining precision, ensuring the roughness of the machined workpiece, and prolonging the service life of the first cutting edge 12, thereby further prolonging the service life of the tool.
With continued reference to fig. 1 to 4, more specifically, the second cutting edge 13 includes a first cutting segment 131 and a second cutting segment 132 respectively connected to both ends of the first cutting segment 131, the first cutting segment 131 is located on the front end surface 11a of the cutting body 11, and the second cutting segment 132 extends from one end of the first cutting segment 131 to the rear end of the outer circumferential surface 11b of the cutting body 11. In this embodiment, the first cutting segment 131 and the first cutting edge 12 are straight edges, the second cutting segments 132 are helical, the two second cutting segments 132 located at both ends of the first cutting segment 131 have opposite rotational directions, and the corresponding second cutting segments 132 located at both sides of the first cutting edge 12 have opposite rotational directions, so that the width of the first chip discharge groove 14 on the outer peripheral surface 11b of the cutting body 11 is greater than the width thereof on the front end surface 11a of the cutting body 11, thereby cutting most of the allowance of the machined workpiece and ensuring the profile of the machined curved surface. Of course, as an alternative, in other implementations, the first cutting segment 131 may also be provided in a helical shape.
preferably, the helix angle of the second cutting segment 132 in the above embodiment is 0 to 60 °, and based on the helix angle range, the strength, sharpness, and cutting force of the second cutting edge 13 are all ideal, and the chip removal speed can be ensured. Further, the helix angle of the second cutting segment 132 is 5 ° to 30 °, preferably 5 °, 10 °, 15 °, 20 °, or 30 °.
Referring to fig. 2, the distance between both side surfaces of the cutting edge is defined as an edge width, the edge width of the first cutting edge 12 is W1, the edge width of the second cutting edge 13 is W2, wherein W1 and W2 are both 0.005mm to 0.2 mm; the depth of the first chip groove 14 is set to be 0.02 mm-1 mm, so that cutting chips can be smoothly discharged from the first chip groove 14 in the cutting process. Furthermore, both W1 and W2 are 0.01 mm-0.1 mm, and the groove depth of the first chip discharge groove is 0.1 mm-0.5 mm.
In addition to the above structure, in order to further reduce the cutting amount of the first cutting edge 12, in the present embodiment, referring to fig. 1 to 4, the outer surface of the cutting body 11 is further provided with cutting edge groups 15 respectively located outside the two outermost second cutting edges 13, and as shown in fig. 2, the upper and lower sides of the first cutting edge 12 are respectively provided with one cutting edge group 15. Wherein, the cutting edge group 15 comprises a plurality of third cutting edges 151, and second chip flutes 16 are defined between two adjacent third cutting edges 151 and between the third cutting edges 151 and the second cutting edges 13 adjacent to the third cutting edges 151. In the cutting operation, the plurality of third cutting edges 151 distributed on two sides of the first cutting edge 12 are used as auxiliary cutting edges and matched with the second cutting edges 13, so that the cutting amount can be uniformly distributed to reduce the processing depth of a single tooth, further reduce the cutting amount of the first cutting edge 12, reduce the abrasion of the first cutting edge, and achieve the purposes of effectively improving the processing precision and ensuring the surface roughness of a workpiece. Through the setting of third cutting edge 151 can avoid producing the processing vestige, under the prerequisite of ensureing machining precision, improves the step of cutter to further improve machining efficiency, for traditional spherical milling cutter, the cutting tool of this embodiment can reach spherical milling cutter twice step, machining efficiency has improved one time, and the roughness can improve to 200 ~ 300nm, and this is that spherical milling cutter can't accomplish.
In a preferred embodiment, in the present embodiment, each of the third cutting edges 151 is symmetrically distributed with respect to the first cutting edge 12, so that stability of the tool during cutting rotation can be ensured, and uniform distribution of cutting amount is also facilitated, thereby ensuring machining accuracy.
Illustratively, in the present embodiment, each of the third cutting edges 151 has a spiral shape, and the spiral arrangement can ensure a sufficient cutting force to improve the machining efficiency. Of course, each of the third cutting edges 151 may alternatively be a straight edge.
Preferably, the cutting edge set 15 has a symmetrical structure, which is beneficial to uniformly distributing cutting amount and ensuring processing precision. Further, the third cutting edges 151 located on one side of the center line of symmetry of the cutting edge group 15 are opposite to the third cutting edges 151 located on the other side of the center line of symmetry of the cutting edge group 15 in the rotation direction, which can further improve the machining precision and the wear resistance of the tool to prolong the service life of the tool.
Further preferably, in this embodiment, the cutting edge group 15 further includes at least two fourth cutting edges 152, and each of the fourth cutting edges 152 is respectively disposed at two sides of the symmetric center line of the cutting edge group 15 and disposed close to the symmetric center line thereof, so that the cutting amount of the cutting edge group 15 can be increased, which is beneficial to reducing the cutting amount of the first cutting edge 12, and simultaneously, the uniformity of the cutting edge in the central region of the cutting body 11 can be further increased; third chip flutes 17 are defined between adjacent ones of the fourth cutting edges 152, and between the fourth cutting edges 152 and the third cutting edges 151 adjacent thereto. Since the fourth cutting edge 152 is disposed close to the symmetrical center line of the cutting edge group 15, the overall structure of the fourth cutting edge 152 may be disposed in a spiral shape having the same rotation direction as the third cutting edge 151 on the same side; the portion of the fourth cutting edge 152 located on the distal end surface 11a of the cutting body 11 may be a straight edge, and the portion located on the outer peripheral surface of the cutting body 11 may be a spiral shape, and the direction of rotation of the portion may be the same as the direction of rotation of the third cutting edge 151 located on the same side as the center line of symmetry of the cutting edge group 15. In this embodiment, the portion of the fourth cutting edge 152 located on the distal end surface 11a of the cutting body 11 is a straight edge, and the portion located on the outer peripheral surface of the cutting body 11 is a spiral shape, and the spiral direction is the same as the spiral direction of the third cutting edge 151 located on the same side, so that the spiral edge of the third cutting edge 151 and the straight edge portion of the fourth cutting edge 152 are combined as the auxiliary cutting edge located on the distal end surface 11a of the cutting body 11, thereby further improving the cutting force, achieving the purpose of uniformly distributing the cutting amount and improving the machining accuracy, and further improving the wear resistance of the tool.
Similarly, in the present embodiment, the helix angle of the third cutting edge 151 is 0 to 60 °, the helix angle of each third cutting edge 151 at the portion of the outer peripheral surface of the cutting body 11 gradually increases from the middle to both sides, and the helix angle of the third cutting edge 151 is further 5 to 30 °; furthermore, the helix angle of the portion of the fourth cutting edge 152 located on the outer peripheral surface of the cutting body 11 is 0 to 60 ° and is smaller than the helix angle of each third cutting edge 151, so that the wear resistance of the tool can be further improved, and the machining precision can be ensured; the helix angle of the portion of the fourth cutting edge 152 located on the outer peripheral surface of the cutting body 11 is further 5 ° to 30 °.
In order to secure the strength of the tool, one end of the third cutting edge 151 is connected to the second cutting edge 13, and the other end of the third cutting edge 151 is disposed on the outer circumferential surface 11b of the cutting body 11.
Illustratively, in the present embodiment, the cutting edge group 15 includes 6 third cutting edges 151 and 2 fourth cutting edges 152 on one side of the first cutting edge 12. It can be understood that the number of the third cutting edge 151 and the fourth cutting edge 152 can be increased as needed to improve the machining accuracy.
Further preferably, the cutting body 11, the first cutting edge 12, the second cutting edge 13, the third cutting edge 151, and the fourth cutting edge 152 are integrally formed, so that the cutting edges are easily formed on the outer surface of the cutting body 11, and the overall wear resistance and the overall strength of the cutting edge part 10 can be ensured.
In this embodiment, the material of the cutting edge portion 10 is preferably polycrystalline diamond, and compared with a traditional coated milling cutter, the cutter with an integral polycrystalline diamond structure has the advantages that the wear resistance is greatly improved, the machining precision and the machining efficiency are effectively improved, and the service life of the cutter can be prolonged.
Similarly, the material of the cutting edge portion 10 may be single crystal diamond, chemical vapor deposition diamond, polycrystalline cubic boron nitride, ceramic, cemented carbide, or the like, and the wear resistance of the tool can be ensured as well.
Example two
The present embodiment also provides a cutting head structure, specifically referring to fig. 5, which is different from the first embodiment only in that four second cutting edges 13 are provided on the cutting body 11 in the present embodiment, that is, two second cutting edges 13 are respectively provided on both sides of the first cutting edge 12, and a fourth chip groove 18 is defined between two adjacent second cutting edges 13. It is understood that three, four or more second cutting edges 13 may be disposed on two sides of the first cutting edge 12, and the second cutting edges 13 are arranged at intervals.
To achieve the same object, another aspect of the present invention provides a cutting tool, which comprises a tool shank 200 and the tool bit structure 100 in the above embodiment, and the rear end surface of the cutting body 11 is connected to the front end of the tool shank 200, as shown in fig. 6. Since the cutting head structure 100 provided by the embodiment of the present invention can achieve the above technical effects, the cutting tool configured with the cutting head structure 100 should also have corresponding technical effects, and will not be described herein again.
In addition, the cutting tool in the embodiment of the present invention is mainly used for machining a small curved surface profile, and since the front end surface 11a of the cutting main body 11 is a curved surface and the outer peripheral surface 11b thereof is a cylindrical surface, the machining of the small curved surface profile is facilitated. The second cutting edge 13, the third cutting edge 151 and the fourth cutting edge 152 can remove most of the cutting amount in the workpiece during the rotation feeding process, and the remaining small cutting amount is cut by the first cutting edge 12, so that the quality of rough machining and finish machining is achieved, and the scraps generated during the milling process are discharged outwards through the first chip discharge groove 14, the second chip discharge groove 16 and the third chip discharge groove 17 respectively.
In summary, the cutting tool and the tool bit structure thereof provided by the present invention are configured such that the outer surface of the cutting main body 11 is provided with the first cutting edge 12 and the plurality of second cutting edges 13 respectively disposed at two sides of the first cutting edge 12, the outer peripheral surface thereof is a cylindrical surface, and the front end surface of the first cutting edge 12 and the front end surface of the second cutting edge 13 form a forward convex arc surface, so as to facilitate the processing of a small curved surface profile; the second cutting edge 13 is matched with main cutting, so that the abrasion of the first cutting edge 12 can be reduced, the roughness of a complex 3D small curved surface is effectively improved, and the service life of the cutter is prolonged; meanwhile, the improvement of the machining precision of the cutter is beneficial to increasing the step pitch of the cutting cutter, so that the machining efficiency can be greatly improved; furthermore, the width of the first chip groove 14 defined between the second cutting edge 13 and the first cutting edge 12 on the outer peripheral surface of the cutting body 11 is larger than that on the front end surface of the cutting body 11, enabling optimization of chip removal capability, avoiding chip accumulation in the top region of the cutting body 11 to adversely affect the forming accuracy and tool life.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and substitutions should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (29)
1. A cutter head structure is characterized by comprising a cutting edge part, wherein the cutting edge part comprises a cutting main body, the outer surface of the cutting main body comprises a front end surface and an outer peripheral surface connected with the front end surface, the outer peripheral surface of the cutting main body is a cylindrical surface, a first cutting edge and at least two second cutting edges are arranged on the outer surface of the cutting main body, and the front end surface of the first cutting edge and the front end surface of the second cutting edge form a cambered surface protruding forwards;
the first cutting edge extends from one side of the outer peripheral surface of the cutting body to the central area of the front end surface of the cutting body and then extends to the other side of the outer peripheral surface of the cutting body, the second cutting edges are respectively arranged on two sides of the first cutting edge, and a first chip removal groove is defined between the first cutting edge and the second cutting edge adjacent to the first cutting edge.
2. The cutter head structure according to claim 1, wherein the curved surface formed by the front end surface of the first cutting edge and the front end surface of the second cutting edge is an arc surface having a radius R of 0.5mm to 400mm, and the diameter D of the outer peripheral surface of the cutting body is 0.5mm to 100 mm.
3. The cutter head structure according to claim 2, wherein the radius R of the curved surface formed by the front end surface of the first cutting edge and the front end surface of the second cutting edge is 1mm to 50 mm; the diameter D of the outer peripheral surface of the cutting body is 2mm to 10 mm.
4. The cutter head structure of claim 1, wherein said first flute has a width at the outer peripheral surface of said cutting body greater than its width at the front end face of said cutting body.
5. The cutter head structure according to claim 1, wherein a portion of the first cutting edge located at a junction of the front end surface and the outer peripheral surface of the cutting body is provided with a chamfer edge portion having an outwardly convex arc shape.
6. The cutter head structure according to claim 5, wherein the chamfer edge portion has a circular arc shape, and a radius r of the chamfer edge portion is 0.02mm to 10 mm.
7. The cutter head structure of claim 6 wherein the radius r of the chamfer edge portion is 0.1mm to 5 mm.
8. The cutter head structure of claim 1, wherein the front end surface of the cutting body is a forward convex curved surface, and the first cutting edge and each of the second cutting edges have the same height.
9. The cutter head structure of claim 8 wherein said first cutting edge passes through the apex of the front face of said cutting body and said cutting body is symmetrically distributed about said first cutting edge.
10. the cutter head structure of claim 9 wherein each of said second cutting edges is symmetrically disposed about said first cutting edge.
11. The cutter head structure according to claim 9, wherein the second cutting edge comprises a first cutting segment and second cutting segments respectively connected to both ends of the first cutting segment, the first cutting segment being located on the front end surface of the cutting body, the second cutting segment extending from an end of the first cutting segment toward a rear end of the outer peripheral surface of the cutting body;
Each second cutting segment is spiral, the rotating directions of the two second cutting segments positioned at the two ends of the first cutting segment are opposite, and the rotating directions of the corresponding second cutting segments positioned at the two sides of the first cutting edge are also opposite.
12. The cutter head structure of claim 11 wherein said first cutting segment is a straight edge and said second cutting segment has a helix angle of 0 to 60 °.
13. The tool bit structure of claim 12, wherein the helix angle of the second cutting segment is between 5 ° and 30 °.
14. the bit structure of claim 9, wherein said first cutting edge is flanked by said second cutting edges.
15. The cutter head structure according to claim 1, wherein the edge width W1 of the first cutting edge and the edge width W2 of the second cutting edge are both 0.005mm to 0.2mm, and the groove depth of the first chip flute is 0.02mm to 1 mm.
16. the cutter head structure of claim 15, wherein the edge width W1 of the first cutting edge and the edge width W2 of the second cutting edge are both 0.01mm to 0.1mm, and the groove depth of the first chip flute is 0.1mm to 0.5 mm.
17. The cutter head structure of claim 1 wherein said cutting body, said first cutting edge and said second cutting edge are of unitary construction.
18. The cutter head structure according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein the outer surface of the cutting body is further provided with a cutting edge group located outside the two outermost second cutting edges, respectively;
The cutting edge group comprises a plurality of third cutting edges, and second chip grooves are defined between every two adjacent third cutting edges and between the third cutting edges and the second cutting edges adjacent to the third cutting edges.
19. The cutter head structure of claim 18, wherein each of said third cutting edges is symmetrically disposed about said first cutting edge.
20. The cutter head structure of claim 18 wherein each of said third cutting edges is helical.
21. The cutter head structure of claim 20 wherein said set of cutting edges is of an axisymmetric configuration.
22. The cutter head structure of claim 21 wherein each said third cutting edge on one side of the center line of symmetry of said set of cutting edges has an opposite hand to each said third cutting edge on the other side of the center line of symmetry of said set of cutting edges.
23. The cutter head structure of claim 21, wherein said set of cutting edges further comprises at least two fourth cutting edges, each of said fourth cutting edges being disposed on either side of and adjacent to a center line of symmetry of said set of cutting edges; third chip flutes are defined between adjacent fourth cutting edges and between the fourth cutting edges and the third cutting edges adjacent thereto.
24. The bit structure of claim 23, wherein the portion of the fourth cutting edge on the front end surface of the cutting body is a straight edge; the fourth cutting edge is spirally formed on the outer peripheral surface of the cutting body, and the turning direction of the fourth cutting edge is the same as that of the third cutting edge positioned on the same side of the symmetrical center line of the cutting edge group.
25. The cutter head structure according to claim 22, wherein the helix angle of the third cutting edge is 0 to 60 °, and the helix angle of each of the third cutting edges in a portion of the outer peripheral surface of the cutting body is gradually increased from the middle to both sides.
26. The cutter head structure according to claim 24, wherein a helix angle of a portion of the fourth cutting edge on the outer peripheral surface of the cutting body is 0 to 60 ° and smaller than a helix angle of each of the third cutting edges.
27. The cutter head structure of claim 18, wherein one end of the third cutting edge is connected to the second cutting edge, and the other end of the third cutting edge is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the cutting body.
28. The cutter head structure according to claim 1, wherein the material of the cutting edge portion is any one of polycrystalline diamond, single crystal diamond, chemical vapor deposition diamond, polycrystalline cubic boron nitride, ceramic, and cemented carbide.
29. A cutting tool comprising a tool shank and a bit structure according to any one of claims 1 to 28, the rear end face of the cutting body being attached to the front end of the tool shank.
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| CN201910868410.0A CN110560768B (en) | 2019-09-12 | 2019-09-12 | Cutting tool and tool bit structure thereof |
| PCT/CN2019/106169 WO2021046864A1 (en) | 2019-09-12 | 2019-09-17 | Cutting tool and tool bit structure thereof |
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| CN201910868410.0A CN110560768B (en) | 2019-09-12 | 2019-09-12 | Cutting tool and tool bit structure thereof |
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| CN112355333A (en) * | 2020-10-20 | 2021-02-12 | 科益展智能装备有限公司广州分公司 | Cutter and cutter head structure thereof |
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| CN110560768B (en) | 2024-09-24 |
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