CN110557180B - Multi-search beam forming method, device, system and storage medium - Google Patents
Multi-search beam forming method, device, system and storage medium Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
- H04B7/0456—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
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- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
- H04B7/0837—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using pre-detection combining
- H04B7/0842—Weighted combining
- H04B7/086—Weighted combining using weights depending on external parameters, e.g. direction of arrival [DOA], predetermined weights or beamforming
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Abstract
The invention provides a multi-division searching beam forming method, a device, a system and a storage medium based on a main codebook and an auxiliary codebook, wherein the multi-division searching beam forming method comprises the following steps: step 1: establishing and constructing a codebook with a low-complexity searching method; the codebook comprises a low-precision main codebook for defining the approximate beam pointing direction and a high-precision auxiliary codebook for correcting the pointing direction; step 2: designing a multi-division searching method based on the codebook in the step 1 to realize low-complexity searching. The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. the main and auxiliary combined codebooks provided by the multi-division searching beamforming method based on the main and auxiliary codebooks can realize the beam pointing resolution with the maximum precision of 15 degrees, the total number of the codewords is only 40+8=48, and the common codebooks can realize the same resolution by needing 24 × 12=288 codewords.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of communications technologies (millimeter wave communication systems), and in particular, to a method, an apparatus, a system, and a storage medium for forming a multi-search beam based on a master-slave codebook.
Background
For millimeter-wave communication systems, it is often necessary to use large-scale arrays with more antennas to compensate for the path loss due to the higher path loss. One of the key techniques is beamforming, which enables the array beams to be directed in the proper direction for optimal array gain. Since the beam pointing is controlled by the precoder connected to it, determining the pointing of the beam is the determination of the corresponding precoding. There are two main types of solutions to the beamforming problem at present. One type of scheme obtains a precoding that optimizes system performance through matrix computation. The other type is that a codebook containing a plurality of code words is predefined, each code word represents a precoder and corresponds to a spatial pointing angle of the antenna array. The latter determines the corresponding precoding by searching for the appropriate codeword in the codebook.
Because a large number of antennas exist in a large-scale array, the beam forming method directly using matrix calculation to solve necessarily involves the correlation calculation of a large-size complex matrix, and the time complexity is correspondingly high. Some improved algorithms decompose the involved large-size complex matrix calculation task into continuous small-size matrix calculation, but due to the limitation of the accuracy of the calculation result, the caused errors are accumulated in the continuous calculation, so that the overall performance of the system is reduced. On the other hand, the beamforming method based on the predefined codebook, while avoiding the above matrix operation, involves a process of searching for a codeword in the codebook. Because each codeword corresponds to a spatial direction of an antenna array beam, a codebook containing more codewords can obtain more accurate spatial directions, but the complexity in the search process is correspondingly increased. A mode for reducing the searching complexity is to divide the space into a plurality of areas by utilizing the thought of multi-division searching, and after determining the area where the beam points, continuously subdividing and searching the area. However, in this approach, the codewords pointing to a certain region in space need to be redesigned so that they can achieve complete coverage of the entire spatial domain.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a multi-division searching beam forming method based on a main codebook and an auxiliary codebook, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: establishing and constructing a codebook with a low-complexity searching method; the codebook comprises a low-precision main codebook for defining the approximate beam pointing direction and a high-precision auxiliary codebook for correcting the pointing direction;
and 2, step: designing a multi-division searching method based on the codebook in the step 1 to realize low-complexity searching.
As a further improvement of the present invention, in step 1, the codewords in the main codebook correspond to phases of antenna array steering vectors in designated directions, and spatial orientation intervals corresponding to the codewords are half of those in the IEEE 802.15.3c standard, that is, an elevation angle value is { -90 °, -45 °,0 °,45 °,90 ° }, an azimuth angle value is {0 °,45 °,90 °,135 °,180 °,225 °,270 °,315 ° }, and a total of 5 × 8=40 codewords are combined, corresponding to 40 three-dimensional beam orientations in the full space.
As a further improvement of the present invention, in step 1, the codeword direction values in the secondary codebook cover the interval (0 °,45 °) of the primary codebook, and the interval is small, so as to implement high-precision correction in this range.
As a further improvement of the present invention, in step 1, limited by the phase resolution of the analog device in the system, the pointing interval of the codeword of the secondary codebook cannot be infinitely small, so that a phase shifter with 5bit and 32 phase states is adopted, at this time, the codeword in the secondary codebook deflects the beam by selecting the optimal value of the following three values { -15 °,0 °,15 ° } when the codeword beam in the determined primary codebook points downward, and at this time, the primary and secondary codebooks are combined to realize the beam forming of the elevation angle and the azimuth angle with the resolution of 15 °.
As a further improvement of the present invention, in step 2, the code words in the main codebook are combined to be used as a subdivided spatial region, and the resulting spatial region is used as a codebook corresponding to a certain search process in a multi-partition search, and the number of the added code words can be flexibly changed according to different search methods.
The invention discloses a device of a multi-division searching beam forming method based on a main codebook and an auxiliary codebook, which comprises the following steps: a first module unit: the method is used for establishing and constructing a codebook with a low-complexity searching method; the codebook comprises a low-precision main codebook for defining the approximate beam pointing direction and a high-precision auxiliary codebook for correcting the pointing direction;
a second module unit: the method is used for designing a multi-division searching method based on the codebook of the first module unit so as to realize low-complexity searching.
The invention discloses a system of a multi-division searching beam forming method based on a main codebook and an auxiliary codebook, which comprises the following steps: the system comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory, wherein the computer program is configured to realize the steps of the multi-lookup beam forming method based on the main and auxiliary codebooks when the computer program is called by the processor.
The invention discloses a computer readable storage medium, which stores a computer program configured to implement the steps of the primary and secondary codebook-based multi-lookup beamforming method of the invention when invoked by a processor.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. the main and auxiliary combined codebooks provided by the multi-division searching beamforming method based on the main and auxiliary codebooks can realize the beam pointing resolution with the maximum precision of 15 degrees, the total number of the codewords is only 40+8=48, and the common codebooks can realize the same resolution by needing 24 × 12=288 codewords; 2. the multi-division searching beam forming method based on the main codebook and the auxiliary codebook takes the adjacent code words which are spirally distributed in the main codebook as the new codebook searched in each multi-division searching, can realize any K-division searching algorithm, and avoids the work of redesigning the code words in the traditional partitioned searching; 3. the multi-division searching beam forming method based on the main and auxiliary codebooks has the advantages that the mutual interference among the codewords in the new codebooks is reduced due to the spiral codeword distribution and combination rules.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a main codebook (azimuth) diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a master codebook (elevation angle) diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a spatial orientation graph (elevation angle and azimuth angle (same distribution) of the sub-codebook of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a flowchart of the binary search process of the present invention, taking K =2 as an example;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the probability of successful beam pointing to the strongest relay path direction under the millimeter wave channel and the signal-to-noise ratio;
fig. 6 is a graph of spectral efficiency versus signal-to-noise ratio for the millimeter wave channel of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention discloses a multi-division searching beam forming method based on a main codebook and an auxiliary codebook, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: establishing a codebook with a low-complexity searching method; the codebook comprises a low-precision main codebook for defining the approximate beam pointing direction and a high-precision auxiliary codebook for correcting the pointing direction;
step 2: designing a multi-division searching method based on the codebook in the step 1 to realize low-complexity searching.
As shown in fig. 1-2, in step 1, the codewords in the main codebook correspond to phases of antenna array steering vectors in a designated direction, and spatial direction intervals corresponding to the codewords are half of those in the IEEE 802.15.3c standard, that is, the elevation angle is { -90 °, -45 °,0 °,45 °,90 ° }, the azimuth angle is {0 °,45 °,90 °,135 °,180 °,225 °,270 °,315 ° }, and a total of 5 × 8=40 codewords are combined, which correspond to 40 three-dimensional beam directions in the full space.
The purpose of the auxiliary codebook is to realize deflection correction in a small range on the pointing direction of the auxiliary codebook on the basis of determining the optimal code word in the main codebook, so that beam pointing with better performance is obtained. As shown in fig. 3, in step 1, the codeword direction values in the secondary codebook cover the interval (0 °,45 °) of the primary codebook, and the interval is small, so as to implement high-precision correction in this range.
In the step 1, limited by the phase resolution of the analog device in the system, the pointing interval of the codeword of the auxiliary codebook cannot be infinitely small, so that a phase shifter with 5bit and 32 phase states is adopted, at this time, the codeword in the auxiliary codebook is pointed downwards in the determined codeword beam in the main codebook, the beams are deflected by respectively selecting the optimal values of the following three values { -15 °,0 °,15 ° }, and at this time, the main codebook and the auxiliary codebook are combined to realize the beam forming of a high angle and an azimuth angle with the resolution of 15 °.
In the step 2, the code word combination in the main code book is used as a subdivided space area, the subdivided space area is used as a code book corresponding to a certain searching process in the multi-division searching, and the number of the added code words can be flexibly changed according to different searching methods, so that the defect that the code book needs to be redesigned every time in the traditional multi-division searching method is overcome. Assuming that a K-ary search method is used, i.e. K codewords remain in the search range in each search, only N = [ log ] K 40]The best primary codebook codeword can be determined by (rounding up) the secondary search. 40 code words in the main codebook are directed according to space, and are numbered in a spiral shape by taking the positive direction of the z axis as the axis so as to reduce the interference of adjacent code words during combination:
numbering (height angle, azimuth angle)
1:(-90°，0°)2:(-90°，45°)…
8:(-90°，315°)9:(-45°，0°)…
18：(-45°，315°)…40:(90°，315°)
In the nth search, if the code word number determined by the previous search is T, combining the code words with the following numbers in the main codebook to obtain the codebook required by the search (rounded up in the corresponding range):
1:
2:
…
K:
each code word formed by combiningWhich is equivalent to a space region formed by the sum of the beam directions of the code words, so that each search is equivalent to the region search. In the process of N = [ log = [) K 40]After the secondary search, a best codeword in the primary codebook is obtained. If the spatial orientation of the codeword is (θ, φ), a correction is performed in the sub-codebook, i.e., the performance of the following 9 beam orientations is compared:
(θ,φ)，(θ-15°,φ)，(θ+15°,φ)
(θ,φ-15°)，(θ-15°,φ-15°)，(θ+15°,φ-15°)
(θ,φ+15°)，(θ-15°,φ+15°)，(θ+15°,φ+15°)
thereby ultimately determining the spatial orientation of the beam.
The invention discloses a device of a multi-division searching beam forming method based on a main codebook and an auxiliary codebook, which comprises the following steps: a first module unit: for establishing a codebook for constructing a low complexity search method; the codebook comprises a low-precision main codebook for defining the beam approximate direction and a high-precision auxiliary codebook for correcting the direction;
a second module unit: the method is used for designing a multi-division searching method based on the codebook of the first module unit so as to realize low-complexity searching.
The invention discloses a system of a multi-division searching beam forming method based on a main codebook and an auxiliary codebook, which comprises the following steps: the system comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory, wherein the computer program is configured to realize the steps of the multi-lookup beam forming method based on the main and auxiliary codebooks when the computer program is called by the processor.
The invention discloses a computer readable storage medium, which stores a computer program configured to implement the steps of the primary and secondary codebook-based multi-lookup beamforming method of the invention when invoked by a processor.
The main and auxiliary combined codebooks provided by the multi-division searching beam forming method based on the main and auxiliary codebooks disclosed by the invention can realize the beam pointing resolution with the maximum precision of 15 degrees, and the total number of the codewords is only 40+8= 48. Whereas a normal codebook requires 24 × 12=288 codewords to achieve the same resolution. Meanwhile, adjacent code words distributed spirally in the main codebook are used as new codebooks searched for each time in multi-partition searching, so that any K-partition searching algorithm can be realized, and the work of redesigning the code words in the traditional partition searching process is avoided. In addition, the spiral code word distribution and combination rule also reduces the mutual interference among the code words in the new codebook.
The invention discloses a multi-division searching beam forming method based on a main codebook and an auxiliary codebook, which carries out [ log ] firstly in the proposed K-division searching algorithm K 40]A search requires a comparison of K codewords for each search, and 9 comparisons for subsequent secondary codebook searches, so that a total of only K log is required K 40]+9 comparisons. As shown in fig. 4, the total required number of comparisons when K =2, 3, or 4 is only 21, and compared with a general exhaustive search method, 288 comparisons are required to achieve 15 ° accuracy, which reduces the complexity required for searching.
The invention discloses a multi-division searching beam forming method based on a main codebook and an auxiliary codebook, which can realize a multi-division searching algorithm from two to any divisions in the main codebook according to the angle relation between a user and a base station, and slightly corrects the beam direction in the high-precision auxiliary codebook on the basis of determining the optimal code word in the main codebook, thereby realizing lower searching complexity and higher beam forming precision.
The foregoing is a further detailed description of the invention in connection with specific preferred embodiments and it is not intended to limit the invention to the specific embodiments described. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all shall be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method of multiple search beamforming, comprising the steps of:
step 1: establishing and constructing a codebook with a low-complexity searching method; the codebook comprises a low-precision main codebook for defining the beam approximate direction and a high-precision auxiliary codebook for correcting the direction;
step 2: designing a multi-division searching method based on the codebook in the step 1 to realize low-complexity searching;
in the step 1, the codewords in the main codebook correspond to the phases of the antenna array steering vectors in the designated directions, and the spatial direction intervals corresponding to the codewords are half of the intervals in the IEEE 802.15.3c standard, that is, the elevation angles are set to be { -90 °, -45 °,0 °,45 °,90 ° }, the azimuth angles are set to be {0 °,45 °,90 °,135 °,180 °,225 °,270 °,315 ° }, and a total of 5 × 8=40 codewords are combined, so that 40 three-dimensional beam directions in the whole space are corresponded;
in the step 2, the code word combination in the main codebook is used as a subdivided space region, and the subdivided space region is used as a codebook corresponding to a certain searching process in multi-division searching, and the number of the added code words can be flexibly changed according to different searching methods.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in step 1, the codeword direction in the secondary codebook is selected to cover a primary codebook interval (0 °,45 °) and the interval is small, so as to achieve high-precision correction in this range.
3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein in step 1, limited by the phase resolution of the analog device in the system, the pointing interval of the code word of the secondary codebook cannot be infinitely small, so that a phase shifter with 5 bits and 32 phase states is adopted, and the code word in the secondary codebook is deflected by selecting the following three values { -15 °,0 °,15 } respectively when the code word beam in the determined primary codebook points downwards, and the primary and secondary codebooks are combined to realize the elevation angle and azimuth angle beamforming with 15 ° resolution.
4. A system for a method of multiple search beamforming, comprising: memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory, the computer program being configured to implement the steps of the method of multi-lookup beamforming according to any of claims 1-3 when invoked by the processor.
5. A computer-readable storage medium characterized by: the computer readable storage medium stores a computer program configured to, when invoked by a processor, implement the steps of the method of multiple search beamforming according to any of claims 1-3.
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