CN110557048B - Low-frequency pressing type piezoelectric generator - Google Patents
Low-frequency pressing type piezoelectric generator Download PDFInfo
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- CN110557048B CN110557048B CN201910973946.9A CN201910973946A CN110557048B CN 110557048 B CN110557048 B CN 110557048B CN 201910973946 A CN201910973946 A CN 201910973946A CN 110557048 B CN110557048 B CN 110557048B
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006335 epoxy glue Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000639 Spring steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012772 electrical insulation material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005674 electromagnetic induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010349 pulsation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
- H02N2/18—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators
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Abstract
The invention relates to a low-frequency pressing type piezoelectric generator, which comprises a circular bottom plate, an annular wall surface, an upper metal substrate, a lower metal substrate, an upper piezoelectric sheet, a lower piezoelectric sheet, a hollow tube, a spring, a nylon ring and a connecting ring, wherein the annular wall surface, the hollow tube and one side of the spring are fixed on the circular bottom plate, the annular wall surface, the other sides of the hollow tube and the spring are connected with the lower metal substrate, the lower piezoelectric sheet is pasted on the upper surface of the lower metal substrate, the upper piezoelectric sheet is pasted on the lower surface of the upper metal substrate, the nylon ring is pasted on the lower piezoelectric sheet, the connecting ring is pasted on the upper surface of the lower metal substrate, one edge of the upper metal substrate is connected with the connecting ring, when the upper metal substrate is pressed, the upper metal substrate is stressed to deform downwards, so that the upper piezoelectric sheet pasted on the upper metal substrate is contacted with the nylon ring and transmits excitation to the, the structure has the advantages of simple structure, labor saving and low cost, and improves the service life of the device.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of new energy power generation, and particularly relates to a device for converting mechanical energy into electric energy in a pressing mode by utilizing a piezoelectric effect.
Background
Mechanical energy in the environment can be converted to electrical energy by energy harvesting techniques, and such energy sources are often low frequency. For example, the human body is a very large energy source, and the novel energy collection technology is developed by means of human pressing movement, so that low-power energy collection can be realized, the novel energy collection technology is particularly suitable for application requirements of current low-power-consumption devices, and can also be used in the field of emergency power generation.
The representative application of the pressing power generation device is a wireless doorbell, the principle of the wireless doorbell is that conversion from kinetic energy to electric energy of pressing is achieved based on the electromagnetic induction principle, the wireless doorbell is developed more mature and commercialized, related researches on pressing power generation by using the piezoelectric effect are less, in the existing related documents, the force-electricity conversion under large-load excitation can be achieved by using a Cymbal structure and the piezoelectric effect, but the wireless doorbell is not suitable for small-load excitation.
Therefore, a novel generator needs to be designed, the piezoelectric effect is utilized, the pressing input of the low-frequency small load is converted into electric energy, the high power output is realized, a certain protection device is required for the large load input, the crushing damage caused by the overlarge deformation of the piezoelectric sheet is prevented, and in addition, the excitation frequency selection can be not only suitable for transient or non-simple harmonic excitation, but also can be used for simple harmonic excitation.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a pressing type piezoelectric generator, when a piezoelectric sheet pasted on a structure is pressed, electromechanical energy conversion is realized through a piezoelectric effect, pressing input of a small load is converted into electric energy, so that the electric energy has higher power output, and a certain protection device is provided for large load input, so that the piezoelectric sheet is prevented from being broken and damaged due to overlarge deformation. In addition, the excitation frequency should be selected so as to be applicable not only to non-simple harmonic excitation such as finger pressing but also to simple harmonic excitation. In structural design, the device overcomes the defect that an electromagnetic type pressing power generation device is complex in structure, large power generation output power can be achieved through small input force through a power assisting mechanism, a prestress mechanism is introduced into the structure, piezoelectric constants are improved through prestress, and power generation output power is further improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a low-frequency pressing type piezoelectric generator, which comprises a circular bottom plate, an annular wall surface, an upper metal substrate, a lower metal substrate, an upper piezoelectric sheet, a lower piezoelectric sheet, a hollow tube, a spring, a nylon ring and a connecting ring, wherein the annular wall surface, the hollow tube and one side of the spring are fixed on the circular bottom plate, the other sides of the annular wall surface, the hollow tube and the spring are connected with the lower metal substrate, the lower piezoelectric sheet is pasted on the upper surface of the lower metal substrate, the upper piezoelectric sheet is pasted on the lower surface of the upper metal substrate, a nylon ring is stuck on the lower piezoelectric plate, a connecting ring is stuck on the upper surface of the lower metal substrate, one edge of the upper metal substrate is connected with the connecting ring, when the upper metal substrate is pressed, the upper metal substrate is stressed to deform downwards, so that the upper piezoelectric sheet adhered to the upper metal substrate is contacted with the nylon ring, and excitation is transmitted to the piezoelectric sheet adhered to the lower metal substrate and the lower metal substrate.
The invention is further improved in that: the circular bottom plate, the section of the annular wall surface, the upper metal substrate and the lower metal substrate are all circular.
The invention is further improved in that: the radiuses of the circular bottom plate, the upper metal substrate and the lower metal substrate are the same as the radiuses of the annular wall surfaces.
The invention is further improved in that: the inner radius of the hollow tube is larger than that of the spring.
The invention is further improved in that: the height of the hollow tube is less than that of the annular wall surface.
The invention is further improved in that: the initial uncompressed height of the spring is greater than the height of the hollow tube and the height of the annular wall.
The invention is further improved in that: the connecting ring is made of insulating materials, and the radius of the connecting ring is the same as that of the upper metal substrate and that of the lower metal substrate.
The invention is further improved in that: the center of the lower piezoelectric piece and the center of the nylon ring are aligned with the center of the lower metal substrate, and the center of the upper piezoelectric piece is aligned with the upper metal substrate.
The invention is further improved in that: the upper surfaces of the lower piezoelectric sheet and the lower metal substrate, the lower surfaces of the upper piezoelectric sheet and the upper metal substrate, the lower piezoelectric sheet and the nylon ring, the lower metal substrate and the connecting ring, and one edge of the upper metal substrate and the connecting ring are glued by epoxy glue.
The invention is further improved in that: the upper piezoelectric sheet and the lower piezoelectric sheet are both made of piezoelectric ceramic materials.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention has designed a kind of push type piezoelectric generator comprising prestress, because the upper metal base plate has only a part to fix, when the free end of the upper metal base plate is pressed in finger or simple harmonic force, the upper metal base plate and piezoelectric patch pasted on upper metal base plate will produce the deformation, the upper piezoelectric patch contacts with nylon ring, at this moment, the force will transmit through nylon ring, according to lever principle, the pressure pulsation after amplifying will act on nylon ring, and further act on lower metal base plate and piezoelectric patch pasted on lower metal base plate, produce the excitation to the lower base plate and lower piezoelectric patch pasted on lower base plate, both produce the strain after upper and lower two piezoelectric patches are stressed, through the piezoelectric effect, realize the electromechanical energy conversion function, this kind of structure has simple construction, save effort, advantage with low costs;
in addition, the hollow tube is also provided with a spring, the hollow tube can keep the force application direction of the spring to be vertical, prestress is applied to the metal plate through the compression of the spring, and the prestress is transmitted to the piezoelectric sheet, so that the piezoelectric coefficient of the piezoelectric sheet can be increased, and the electromechanical conversion efficiency is improved;
the piezoelectric sheets used in the invention are not exposed outside the structure, so that the piezoelectric sheets and the electrodes are effectively protected, the deformation of the upper metal substrate is limited within a reasonable range due to the design of the connecting ring, the piezoelectric sheets cannot be damaged due to overlarge deformation, and the service life of the device is prolonged;
in addition, the conditioning circuit can also be arranged in a space formed by the annular wall surface and the circular bottom plate, so that the compactness of the structure is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the external overall structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the upper pressing force-bearing surface removed.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the interior of the structure with the lower pressing force-bearing surface removed.
Fig. 4 is a side view of the upper press force receiving surface.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of the upper press force receiving surface and the connection ring removed.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of the connection ring.
FIG. 7 is a diagram of a sample power generation performance test system.
Fig. 8 shows the input force measured by the force sensor.
Fig. 9 is the open circuit voltage across the generator.
Fig. 10 shows the voltage across the generator at optimum impedance.
FIG. 11 is a measured power generation output power curve.
Fig. 12 is a velocity profile of the actuator ram.
Fig. 13 shows the mechanical input power of the test specimen.
FIG. 14 shows input forces under excitation of a frequency sweep signal of 1-10 Hz.
FIG. 15 shows the open circuit voltage of the generator under the excitation of the sweep signal of 1-10 Hz.
Detailed Description
In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous implementation details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood, however, that these implementation details are not to be interpreted as limiting the invention. That is, in some embodiments of the invention, such implementation details are not necessary. In addition, some conventional structures and components are shown in simplified schematic form in the drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an external overall structure of a push type piezoelectric generator with prestress, and fig. 4 is a schematic view of an upper pressing force-bearing surface 1 and an upper piezoelectric plate 2 of the device, where the upper piezoelectric plate 2 is adhered to the upper pressing force-bearing surface, that is, the upper metal substrate 1 to form a whole, and after the upper metal substrate 1 and the upper piezoelectric plate 2 are removed, the upper piezoelectric plate 2 is circular, the radius of the upper piezoelectric plate is smaller than that of the circular base, the positive electrode faces upward, the negative electrode is led out to the surface where the positive electrode is located through a flanging process, and insulation exists between the positive electrode and the negative electrode to prevent short circuit.
Go up metal substrate 1's an edge and go up the bonding with go-between 3, nylon ring 4 highly is a little higher than go-between 3, can press stress surface 1 and upper portion piezoelectric plate 2 jack-up with the upper portion of bonding on go-between 3, forms this kind of one side bonding state of opening on one side, conveniently presses, and nylon ring 4 is the electrical insulation material.
The upper metal substrate, namely the tilting position of the edge of the upper pressing stress surface, is pressed, the upper metal substrate 1 moves downwards to cause the upper piezoelectric sheet 2 to be contacted with the nylon ring 4, so that the upper piezoelectric sheet 2 and the lower piezoelectric sheet 5 are pressed, in addition, because the upper metal substrate 1 and the lower metal substrate 6 are both flexible metal sheets, the metal sheets are deformed after stress, and then the piezoelectric sheets adhered on the metal sheets are driven to generate strain, the piezoelectric effect can be used for generating electricity, in other words, when the upper metal substrate 1 is pressed, the upper metal substrate 1 is forced to deform downwards, so that the upper piezoelectric sheet 2 adhered to the upper metal substrate 1 is contacted with the nylon ring 4, and the excitation is transmitted to a piezoelectric sheet adhered to the lower metal substrate 6, the device realizes electromechanical energy conversion through a piezoelectric effect, and the piezoelectric sheet is provided with a positive electrode and a negative electrode and is connected to a subsequent conditioning and loading circuit.
The lower piezoelectric plate 5 is circular, the positive electrode faces upwards, the negative electrode is led out to the surface of the positive electrode through a flanging process, and insulation exists between the positive electrode and the negative electrode to prevent short circuit.
The material used for the upper metal base plate 1 and the lower metal plate 6 may be spring steel, and the radius of the spring steel is equal to the outer diameter of the connecting ring 3.
The connection ring 3 shown in the structural diagram of the connection ring 3 in fig. 6 has 4 small notches, which facilitate the lead wires welded on the piezoelectric sheet to be led out to connect with an external load, and if the connection ring 3 is removed, it is shown in fig. 5. The lower pressing force-bearing surface 6 is adhered to the annular wall surface 7, the lower piezoelectric sheet 5 is adhered to the center of the lower pressing force-bearing surface 6, and the nylon ring 4 is adhered to the center of the lower piezoelectric sheet 5.
As shown in fig. 3, which shows the interior of the structure after the lower pressing force-bearing surface 6 is removed, a hollow tube 8 is affixed to the center of the circular base plate 10 for fixing the spring 9, and the natural length of the spring 9 is higher than that of the annular wall surface 7, because the spring is compressed to pre-stress the force-bearing surface 6 when in use.
The height of the hollow pipe 8 is slightly lower than that of the annular wall surface 7, and a certain distance is set, so that the lower pressing stress surface can be ensured to generate enough deformation when being stressed and deformed.
In order to verify the power generation performance of the invention, the device provided by the invention is tested by taking an embodiment as a specific example.
The method comprises the steps of exciting a sample by using a vibration exciter, installing a force sensor on a mandril of the vibration exciter to obtain axial exciting force, collecting voltage at two ends of a piezoelectric plate on the sample, and measuring input force by using the force sensor, wherein a test system schematic diagram is shown in fig. 7, an exciting signal is a sine wave of 10Hz, and a waveform of the input force is shown in fig. 8.
Meanwhile, the positive and negative leads of the upper and lower piezoelectric sheets are cross-connected and then used as the output end of the generator to effectively reduce the offset of positive and negative charges, and the peak-to-peak open circuit voltage of the output end of the generator can reach nearly 50V through actual test, as shown in FIG. 9.
The generator is connected to the adjustable resistance box load, the resistance value is adjusted to 180k ohms, and for the optimal impedance of the working condition, the peak-to-peak voltage value obtained at the moment is close to 30V, as shown in fig. 10. According to the following formula:
Power＝V2/R
the peak power of the power generation thereof was calculated to be 1.46mW as shown in fig. 11.
In order to obtain the mechanical excitation input power, the acceleration of the ram was also tested and integrated to obtain its vibration velocity profile, as shown in fig. 12.
The input mechanical excitation input power curve obtained from the mechanical excitation input power being equal to force times velocity is shown in fig. 13, with a peak power of 20.3 mW.
According to the experimental result, the overall electromechanical conversion efficiency in the embodiment can reach 7.2%. It should be noted that this frequency is not the mechanical resonance frequency of the device, but still achieves a very good power generation effect.
Further, the sample is excited by connecting a 1-10Hz sweep frequency signal to the signal input end of the vibration exciter, and the excitation force waveform obtained by the test is shown in FIG. 14. As shown in fig. 15, it can be seen that the output voltage is insensitive to the excitation frequency and is mainly in positive correlation with the input excitation force, and an open-circuit voltage of several tens of volts can be generated under the condition of small force input, so that the mechanical energy can be effectively converted into electric energy.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, aspects and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a low frequency push type piezoelectric generator, includes circular bottom plate (10), annular wall (7), goes up metal substrate (1), lower metal substrate (6), goes up piezoelectric patches (2), lower piezoelectric patches (5), hollow tube (8), spring (9), nylon ring (4), go-between (3), its characterized in that: one side of an annular wall surface (7), one side of a hollow pipe (8) and one side of a spring (9) are fixed on a circular bottom plate (10), the other side of the annular wall surface (7), the other side of the hollow pipe (8) and the other side of the spring (9) are connected with a lower metal substrate (6), a lower piezoelectric sheet (5) is pasted on the upper surface of the lower metal substrate (6), an upper piezoelectric sheet (2) is pasted on the lower surface of the upper metal substrate (1), a nylon ring (4) is pasted on the lower piezoelectric sheet (5), a connecting ring (3) is pasted on the upper surface of the lower metal substrate (6), one edge of the upper metal substrate (1) is connected with the connecting ring (3), when the upper metal substrate (1) is pressed, the upper metal substrate (1) is stressed to deform downwards, so that the upper piezoelectric sheet (2) pasted on the upper metal substrate (1) is contacted with the nylon ring (4), and transmitting excitation to the piezoelectric patches and the lower metal substrate which are adhered to the lower metal substrate (6), wherein one edge of the upper metal substrate (1) is adhered to the connecting ring (3), the nylon ring (4) is slightly higher than the connecting ring (3), the upper pressing stress surface adhered to the connecting ring (3) and the upper piezoelectric patches are jacked up to form a state that one side of the upper pressing stress surface is adhered to the connecting ring (3) and the other side of the upper pressing stress surface is open, and the lower piezoelectric patches (5) and the nylon ring (4), the lower metal substrate (6) and the connecting ring (3), and the edge of the upper metal substrate (1) and the connecting ring (3) are adhered by epoxy glue.
2. The low frequency push type piezoelectric generator according to claim 1, wherein: the circular bottom plate (10), the section of the annular wall surface (7), the upper metal substrate (1) and the lower metal substrate (6) are all circular.
3. The low frequency push type piezoelectric generator according to claim 1, wherein: the radiuses of the circular bottom plate (10), the upper metal substrate (1) and the lower metal substrate (6) are the same as the radiuses of the annular wall surfaces (7).
4. The low frequency push type piezoelectric generator according to claim 1, wherein: the inner radius of the hollow tube (8) is larger than that of the spring (9).
5. The low frequency push type piezoelectric generator according to claim 1, wherein: the height of the hollow pipe (8) is less than that of the annular wall surface (7).
6. The low frequency push type piezoelectric generator according to claim 1, wherein: the initial uncompressed height of the spring (9) is greater than the height of the hollow tube (8) and the height of the annular wall surface (7).
7. The low frequency push type piezoelectric generator according to claim 1, wherein: the connecting ring (3) is made of an insulating hard plastic material, and the radius of the connecting ring (3) is the same as that of the upper metal substrate (1) and that of the lower metal substrate (6).
8. The low frequency push type piezoelectric generator according to claim 1, wherein: the center of the lower piezoelectric sheet (5) and the center of the nylon ring (4) are aligned with the center of the lower metal substrate (6), and the center of the upper piezoelectric sheet (2) is aligned with the upper metal substrate (1).
9. The low frequency push type piezoelectric generator according to claim 1, wherein: the upper piezoelectric sheet (2) and the lower piezoelectric sheet (5) are both made of piezoelectric ceramic materials.
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| CN201910973946.9A CN110557048B (en) | 2019-10-14 | 2019-10-14 | Low-frequency pressing type piezoelectric generator |
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| CN113644840B (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2023-01-17 | 南京邮电大学 | Push type friction nano generator capable of improving low-frequency output |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102158126A (en) * | 2011-04-01 | 2011-08-17 | 浙江师范大学 | Generating set for lamp switches based on hollow piezoelectric transducer |
| CN109104122A (en) * | 2018-10-15 | 2018-12-28 | 南京邮电大学 | A kind of push type piezoelectricity Electromagnetic heating energy accumulator |
| CN109742972A (en) * | 2019-01-16 | 2019-05-10 | 罗洁洁 | A kind of piezoelectric ceramics power generator and method |
| CN109936302A (en) * | 2017-12-17 | 2019-06-25 | 赵富生 | Push type piezoelectric generating device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US20080191584A1 (en) * | 2007-02-08 | 2008-08-14 | Malkin Matthew C | Spring disc energy harvester apparatus and method |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102158126A (en) * | 2011-04-01 | 2011-08-17 | 浙江师范大学 | Generating set for lamp switches based on hollow piezoelectric transducer |
| CN109936302A (en) * | 2017-12-17 | 2019-06-25 | 赵富生 | Push type piezoelectric generating device |
| CN109104122A (en) * | 2018-10-15 | 2018-12-28 | 南京邮电大学 | A kind of push type piezoelectricity Electromagnetic heating energy accumulator |
| CN109742972A (en) * | 2019-01-16 | 2019-05-10 | 罗洁洁 | A kind of piezoelectric ceramics power generator and method |
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