CN110555288A - Method and system for determining axial load of graphite packing ring for static coupling seal - Google Patents
Method and system for determining axial load of graphite packing ring for static coupling seal Download PDFInfo
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- CN110555288A CN110555288A CN201910909537.2A CN201910909537A CN110555288A CN 110555288 A CN110555288 A CN 110555288A CN 201910909537 A CN201910909537 A CN 201910909537A CN 110555288 A CN110555288 A CN 110555288A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a system for determining axial load of a graphite packing ring for static coupling sealing. Firstly, determining a leakage model according to the density of the graphite packing ring; then determining the radial contact stress of the graphite packing root ring according to the leakage model, the pressure of the low-pressure side of the medium, the pressure of the high-pressure side of the medium and the leakage rate; and finally, determining the minimum axial load to be applied by the graphite packing ring according to the radial contact stress and the unilateral radial clearance. Therefore, when the minimum axial load required to be applied by the graphite packing ring is calculated, the density, the medium pressure difference and the unilateral radial gap amount of the graphite packing ring are considered, the leakage rate determined based on the environmental protection requirement and the leakage grade is also considered, and the minimum axial load required to be applied by the current working condition of sealing can be determined. Therefore, by adopting the method and the system for determining the axial load of the graphite packing ring, the graphite packing ring can achieve the expected sealing effect without applying excessive axial load.
Description
Technical Field
the invention relates to the field of sealing gaskets, in particular to a method and a system for determining axial load of a graphite packing ring for static coupling sealing.
Background
The graphite packing seal is a sealing mode which utilizes the good compression rebound property of graphite packing, applies axial load to materials through mechanical structures such as a gland and the like to force the materials to expand radially, and contacts the surfaces of an extrusion shaft and a packing box to prevent sealing media from leaking.
Gasket leakage patterns can be classified as interfacial leakage and osmotic leakage according to the relative size of the leakage pore diameter and the mean free path of the gas molecules. A gasket sealing leakage model established by the existing research can provide a theoretical basis for gasket type selection and design. However, the calculation formula of the leakage rate only describes a general rule when the sealing medium leaks through the flow channel, and because the sealing effect is affected by factors such as the structure of the gasket, the material, the roughness of the sealing surface, the magnitude of the pre-tightening pressure and the like, in practical application, how to ensure the sealing effect of the axial graphite packing ring becomes a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently by the technical staff in the field.
disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method and a system for determining the axial load of a graphite packing ring for static coupling sealing, which can ensure that the graphite packing ring can realize the expected sealing effect without applying excessive axial load.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
A method of determining an axial load of a graphite packing ring for a static coupling seal, the method comprising:
Acquiring the density of the graphite packing ring, the pressure of a low-pressure side of a medium, the pressure of a high-pressure side of the medium, the leakage rate and the radial clearance amount of a single side;
Determining a leakage model of the graphite packing ring according to the density;
determining the radial contact stress of the graphite packing ring according to the leakage model, the pressure of the low-pressure side of the medium, the pressure of the high-pressure side of the medium and the leakage rate;
and determining the minimum axial load to be applied by the graphite packing ring according to the radial contact stress and the unilateral radial clearance.
optionally, the determining a leakage model of the graphite packing ring according to the density specifically includes:
Judging whether the density of the graphite packing ring is 1.18g/cm 3 or not to obtain a first judgment result;
When the first judgment result shows that the leakage model of the graphite packing ring is as follows:
Wherein L represents the leak rate, σDiameter of a pipeDenotes the radial contact stress, σ, of the graphite packing ring0representing the radial initial pre-tightening force, P, of the graphite packing ring1Indicating the pressure on the high pressure side of the medium, P2Indicating the pressure on the low-pressure side of the medium, D1Denotes the inner diameter of the graphite packing ring after sealing, D2Showing the outer diameter of the graphite packing ring after sealing,An inner diameter of the graphite packing ring representing a calibrated leak rate;The outer diameter of the graphite packing ring, which represents the nominal leakage rate, and l represents the effective seal width.
optionally, the determining a leakage model of the graphite packing ring according to the density specifically includes:
judging whether the density of the graphite packing ring is 1.56g/cm 3 or not to obtain a second judgment result;
When the second judgment result indicates that the leakage model of the graphite packing ring is as follows:
wherein L represents the leak rate, σDiameter of a pipeDenotes the radial contact stress, σ, of the graphite packing ring0Representing the radial initial pre-tightening force, P, of the graphite packing ring1indicating the pressure on the high pressure side of the medium, P2indicating the pressure on the low-pressure side of the medium, D1Denotes the inner diameter of the graphite packing ring after sealing, D2showing the outer diameter of the graphite packing ring after sealing,An inner diameter of the graphite packing ring representing a calibrated leak rate;The outer diameter of the graphite packing ring, which represents the nominal leakage rate, and l represents the effective seal width.
optionally, the determining a leakage model of the graphite packing ring according to the density specifically includes:
Judging whether the density of the graphite packing ring is 1.60g/cm 3 or not to obtain a third judgment result;
When the third judgment result shows that the leakage model of the graphite packing ring is as follows:
Wherein L represents the leak rate, σDiameter of a pipeDenotes the radial contact stress, σ, of the graphite packing ring0representing the radial initial pre-tightening force, P, of the graphite packing ring1Indicating the pressure on the high pressure side of the medium, P2Indicating the pressure on the low-pressure side of the medium, D1Denotes the inner diameter of the graphite packing ring after sealing, D2Showing the outer diameter of the graphite packing ring after sealing,An inner diameter of the graphite packing ring representing a calibrated leak rate;The outer diameter of the graphite packing ring, which represents the nominal leakage rate, and l represents the effective seal width.
Optionally, the determining a minimum axial load to be applied to the graphite packing ring according to the radial contact stress and the amount of the unilateral radial gap specifically includes:
Judging whether the amount of the radial clearance on the single side is 0 or not, and obtaining a fourth judgment result;
when the fourth judgment result shows yes, according to the formula: sigmadiameter of a pipe＝1.087σshaft-11.433, determining the minimum axial load to be applied by the graphite packing ring; wherein σdiameter of a pipeDenotes the radial contact stress, σ, of the graphite packing ringShaftindicating the minimum axial load that the graphite packing ring needs to apply.
Optionally, the determining a minimum axial load to be applied to the graphite packing ring according to the radial contact stress and the amount of the unilateral radial gap specifically includes:
Judging whether the amount of the radial clearance on the single side is 1 or not, and obtaining a fifth judgment result;
when the fifth judgment result shows that the judgment result is yes, according to the formula, sigmaDiameter of a pipe＝0.914σshaft-9.801, determining the minimum axial load to be applied by the graphite packing ring; wherein σDiameter of a pipeDenotes the radial contact stress, σ, of the graphite packing ringShaftindicating the minimum axial load that the graphite packing ring needs to apply.
optionally, the determining a minimum axial load to be applied to the graphite packing ring according to the radial contact stress and the amount of the unilateral radial gap specifically includes:
Judging whether the amount of the radial clearance on the single side is 2 or not, and obtaining a sixth judgment result;
When the sixth judgment result shows that the judgment result is yes, according to the formula, sigmaDiameter of a pipe＝0.673σShaft-8.233, determining the minimum axial load to be applied by the graphite packing ring; wherein σDiameter of a pipedenotes the radial contact stress, σ, of the graphite packing ringShaftIndicating graphiteThe minimum axial load that the packing ring needs to apply.
a system for determining axial loading of a graphite packing ring for a static coupling seal, the system comprising:
the parameter acquisition module is used for acquiring the density of the graphite packing ring, the pressure of the low-pressure side of the medium, the pressure of the high-pressure side of the medium, the leakage rate and the radial clearance amount of the single side;
The leakage model determining module is used for determining a leakage model of the graphite packing ring according to the density;
The radial contact stress determining module is used for determining the radial contact stress of the graphite packing ring according to the leakage model, the pressure of the low-pressure side of the medium, the pressure of the high-pressure side of the medium and the leakage rate;
And the axial load determining module is used for determining the minimum axial load to be applied by the graphite packing ring according to the radial contact stress and the single-side radial clearance.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
the invention provides a method and a system for determining axial load of a graphite packing ring for static coupling sealing, wherein a leakage model is determined according to the density of the graphite packing ring; then determining the radial contact stress of the graphite packing root ring according to the leakage model, the pressure of the low-pressure side of the medium, the pressure of the high-pressure side of the medium and the leakage rate; and finally, determining the minimum axial load to be applied by the graphite packing ring according to the radial contact stress and the unilateral radial clearance. Therefore, according to the method and the system for determining the axial load of the graphite packing ring, provided by the invention, when the minimum axial load to be applied to the graphite packing ring is calculated, the density, the medium pressure difference and the unilateral radial clearance of the graphite packing ring are considered, the leakage rate determined based on the environmental protection requirement and the leakage grade is also considered, and the minimum axial load to be applied to the current working condition of sealing can be determined. Therefore, by adopting the method and the system for determining the axial load of the graphite packing ring, the graphite packing ring can achieve the expected sealing effect without applying excessive axial load.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for determining an axial load of a graphite packing ring for static coupling sealing according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a system for determining axial load of a graphite packing ring for static coupling sealing according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a graph of leakage rate as a function of graphite packing ring stress according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
the invention aims to provide a method and a system for determining the axial load of a graphite packing ring for static coupling sealing, which can ensure that the graphite packing ring can realize the expected sealing effect without applying excessive axial load.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for determining an axial load of a graphite packing ring for static coupling sealing according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the determining method includes:
step 101: and obtaining the density of the graphite packing ring, the pressure of the low-pressure side of the medium, the pressure of the high-pressure side of the medium, the leakage rate and the amount of the unilateral radial clearance.
Step 102: and determining a leakage model of the graphite packing ring according to the density.
Step 103: and determining the radial contact stress of the graphite packing ring according to the leakage model, the pressure of the low-pressure side of the medium, the pressure of the high-pressure side of the medium and the leakage rate.
step 104: and determining the minimum axial load to be applied by the graphite packing ring according to the radial contact stress and the unilateral radial clearance.
specifically, the step 102: determining a leakage model of the graphite packing ring according to the density, specifically comprising:
And judging whether the density of the graphite packing ring is 1.18g/cm 3 or not, and obtaining a first judgment result.
When the first judgment result shows that the leakage model of the graphite packing ring is as follows:
Wherein L represents the leak rate, σDiameter of a pipeDenotes the radial contact stress, σ, of the graphite packing ring0Representing the radial initial pre-tightening force, P, of the graphite packing ring1Indicating the pressure on the high pressure side of the medium, P2Indicating the pressure on the low-pressure side of the medium, D1Denotes the inner diameter of the graphite packing ring after sealing, D2showing the outer diameter of the graphite packing ring after sealing,An inner diameter of the graphite packing ring representing a calibrated leak rate;The outside diameter of the graphite packing ring that shows the leakage rate of demarcation, l represent effective sealing width, and effective sealing width is the axial height of graphite packing ring after setting in this embodiment.
and judging whether the density of the graphite packing ring is 1.56g/cm 3 or not, and obtaining a second judgment result.
When the second judgment result indicates that the leakage model of the graphite packing ring is as follows:
And judging whether the density of the graphite packing ring is 1.60g/cm 3 or not, and obtaining a third judgment result.
When the third judgment result shows that the leakage model of the graphite packing ring is as follows:
specifically, the step 104: determining the minimum axial load to be applied by the graphite packing ring according to the radial contact stress and the unilateral radial clearance, and specifically comprising the following steps:
And judging whether the amount of the radial clearance on the single side is 0 or not, and obtaining a fourth judgment result.
When the fourth judgment result shows yes, according to the formula: sigmaDiameter of a pipe＝1.087σshaft11.433, determining the minimum axial load to be applied by the graphite packing ring. Wherein σDiameter of a pipeDenotes the radial contact stress, σ, of the graphite packing ringshaftIndicating the minimum axial load that the graphite packing ring needs to apply.
And judging whether the amount of the radial clearance on the single side is 1 or not, and obtaining a fifth judgment result.
When the fifth judgment result shows that the judgment result is yes, according to the formula, sigmadiameter of a pipe＝0.914σShaft9.801, determining the minimum axial load to be applied by the graphite packing ring.
And judging whether the amount of the radial clearance on the single side is 2 or not, and obtaining a sixth judgment result.
when the sixth judgment result shows that the judgment result is yes, according to the formula, sigmaDiameter of a pipe＝0.673σShaft8.233, determining the minimum axial load to be applied by the graphite packing ring.
Fig. 2 is a structural block diagram of a system for determining an axial load of a graphite packing ring for static coupling sealing according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 2, the determination system includes:
And the parameter acquisition module 201 is used for acquiring the density of the graphite packing ring, the pressure of the low-pressure side of the medium, the pressure of the high-pressure side of the medium, the leakage rate and the amount of the unilateral radial clearance.
And a leakage model determining module 202, configured to determine a leakage model of the graphite packing ring according to the density.
and the radial contact stress determining module 203 is used for determining the radial contact stress of the graphite packing ring according to the leakage model, the pressure of the low-pressure side of the medium, the pressure of the high-pressure side of the medium and the leakage rate.
and the axial load determining module 204 is configured to determine a minimum axial load to be applied to the graphite packing ring according to the radial contact stress and the amount of the unilateral radial gap.
The specific implementation flow of the method and the system for determining the axial load of the graphite packing root ring for static coupling sealing provided by the invention is as follows:
(1) The density of the graphite packing ring for sealing is selected, and the sealing leakage rate L is determined based on the environmental protection requirement and the leakage grade according to the pressure difference between the high-pressure side and the low-pressure side of the medium under the sealing working condition.
(2) according to the density of the graphite packing ring, a proper graphite ring leakage model is selected, and the leakage models of the graphite packing rings with different densities are shown in table 1. Pressure P of the high pressure side of the bonding medium1pressure P on the low-pressure side of the medium2And the leakage rate L, the radial contact stress sigma required by the graphite packing root ring under the current working condition and the sealing requirement can be calculatedDiameter of a pipe. In the present example, σ was determined from the test results0Is 10 MPa. In practical application, the density of the graphite packing ring is limited due to the limit value of the manufacturing process, and cannot be selected at will, and the density of the graphite packing ring is generally the value shown in table 1. If different densities exist, the three models can be obtained by regional linear interpolation calculation. If the actual density is greater than 1.18g/cm, the range of the actual density is determined3And less than 1.56g/cm3Then calculate the densityIs 1.18g/cm3And a density of 1.56g/cm3Then calculating the radial contact stress corresponding to the current density by adopting a linear interpolation method; if the actual density is more than 1.56g/cm3And less than 1.60g/cm3the calculated density is 1.60g/cm3and a density of 1.56g/cm3And then calculating the radial contact stress corresponding to the current density by adopting a linear interpolation method.
(3) According to the obtained radial contact stress sigmaDiameter of a pipeAnd selecting a relational expression of radial contact stress and axial load under the appropriate clearance amount in the table 2, calculating the minimum axial load required to be applied to meet the current sealing working condition, and finishing the sealing design of the graphite packing ring.
In practical application, the radial clearance on one side is selected, in principle, the smaller the radial clearance is, the better the sealing reliability is, but the radial clearance is still required to be properly adjusted by considering specific working conditions, so that the sealing can be well realized, and overlarge axial load is not required to be applied. In addition, according to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the minimum axial load required to be applied under the current working condition of sealing can be determined by knowing the radial clearance and the sealing pressure difference; knowing the radial clearance and the axial load, the maximum media pressure differential that can be sealed under the current operating conditions can be determined.
TABLE 1 leakage model of graphite packing rings of different densities
TABLE 2 relationship between radial contact stress and axial load at different clearance amounts
1 2 3 1 2 2 3 -1 -1The method provided by the invention is adopted, and the minimum axial load to be applied is determined by combining specific working conditions, such as the radial clearance amount on one side and the density of the graphite packing ring, so that the leakage rate can be controlled at the initial stage of design to better meet the environmental protection requirement.
And (2) selecting a corresponding leakage calculation model according to the density of the graphite packing ring by combining the leakage models corresponding to the graphite packing rings with different densities shown in the table 1:
It is known thatσ0Substituting the relevant parameters into a leakage calculation model to obtain the corresponding radial contact stress sigmaDiameter of a pipe＝40MPa。
Selecting a corresponding relationship from table 2 based on the single-sided radial seal clearance: sigmaDiameter of a pipe＝0.914σShaft9.801, calculating the required axial load σShaft64 MPa. In practical application, the axial load can be calculated by adopting a linear interpolation method according to different clearance values, but large-clearance extrapolation is not supported.
Fig. 3 is a graph of leakage rate varying with stress of the graphite packing ring according to an embodiment of the present invention, the leakage rate curve shown in fig. 3 is a working condition of a pressure difference of 4MPa, and it can be seen that when the stress reaches 64MPa, the leakage rate is lower than 2 × 10 3 mgs -1 mm -1, and the leakage amount meets the requirement, and can completely meet the environmental protection requirement.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been described herein using specific examples, which are provided only to help understand the method and the core concept of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for determining axial load of a graphite packing ring for static coupling seal, the method comprising:
Acquiring the density of the graphite packing ring, the pressure of a low-pressure side of a medium, the pressure of a high-pressure side of the medium, the leakage rate and the radial clearance amount of a single side;
Determining a leakage model of the graphite packing ring according to the density;
Determining the radial contact stress of the graphite packing ring according to the leakage model, the pressure of the low-pressure side of the medium, the pressure of the high-pressure side of the medium and the leakage rate;
And determining the minimum axial load to be applied by the graphite packing ring according to the radial contact stress and the unilateral radial clearance.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining the leakage model of the graphite packing ring from the density specifically comprises:
Judging whether the density of the graphite packing ring is 1.18g/cm 3 or not to obtain a first judgment result;
When the first judgment result shows that the leakage model of the graphite packing ring is as follows:
Wherein L represents the leak rate, σdiameter of a pipeDenotes the radial contact stress, σ, of the graphite packing ring0Representing the radial initial pre-tightening force, P, of the graphite packing ring1To representPressure of the high pressure side of the medium, P2Indicating the pressure on the low-pressure side of the medium, D1Denotes the inner diameter of the graphite packing ring after sealing, D2Showing the outer diameter of the graphite packing ring after sealing,An inner diameter of the graphite packing ring representing a calibrated leak rate;the outer diameter of the graphite packing ring, which represents the nominal leakage rate, and l represents the effective seal width.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining the leakage model of the graphite packing ring from the density specifically comprises:
Judging whether the density of the graphite packing ring is 1.56g/cm 3 or not to obtain a second judgment result;
When the second judgment result indicates that the leakage model of the graphite packing ring is as follows:
Wherein L represents the leak rate, σDiameter of a pipedenotes the radial contact stress, σ, of the graphite packing ring0Representing the radial initial pre-tightening force, P, of the graphite packing ring1Indicating the pressure on the high pressure side of the medium, P2indicating the pressure on the low-pressure side of the medium, D1Denotes the inner diameter of the graphite packing ring after sealing, D2showing the outer diameter of the graphite packing ring after sealing,an inner diameter of the graphite packing ring representing a calibrated leak rate;The outer diameter of the graphite packing ring, which represents the nominal leakage rate, and l represents the effective seal width.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining the leakage model of the graphite packing ring from the density specifically comprises:
Judging whether the density of the graphite packing ring is 1.60g/cm 3 or not to obtain a third judgment result;
When the third judgment result shows that the leakage model of the graphite packing ring is as follows:
Wherein L represents the leak rate, σDiameter of a pipeDenotes the radial contact stress, σ, of the graphite packing ring0Representing the radial initial pre-tightening force, P, of the graphite packing ring1Indicating the pressure on the high pressure side of the medium, P2Indicating the pressure on the low-pressure side of the medium, D1denotes the inner diameter of the graphite packing ring after sealing, D2Showing the outer diameter of the graphite packing ring after sealing,an inner diameter of the graphite packing ring representing a calibrated leak rate;The outer diameter of the graphite packing ring, which represents the nominal leakage rate, and l represents the effective seal width.
5. the determination method according to claim 1, wherein the determining a minimum axial load to be applied to the graphite packing ring according to the radial contact stress and the amount of the unilateral radial clearance specifically comprises:
Judging whether the amount of the radial clearance on the single side is 0 or not, and obtaining a fourth judgment result;
When the fourth judgment result shows yes, according to the formula: sigmadiameter of a pipe＝1.087σshaft-11.433, determining the minimum axial load to be applied by the graphite packing ring; wherein σdiameter of a pipeDiameter of the graphite packing ringTo contact stress, σShaftIndicating the minimum axial load that the graphite packing ring needs to apply.
6. the determination method according to claim 1, wherein the determining a minimum axial load to be applied to the graphite packing ring according to the radial contact stress and the amount of the unilateral radial clearance specifically comprises:
judging whether the amount of the radial clearance on the single side is 1 or not, and obtaining a fifth judgment result;
When the fifth judgment result shows that the judgment result is yes, according to the formula, sigmaDiameter of a pipe＝0.914σshaft-9.801, determining the minimum axial load to be applied by the graphite packing ring; wherein σDiameter of a pipeDenotes the radial contact stress, σ, of the graphite packing ringShaftIndicating the minimum axial load that the graphite packing ring needs to apply.
7. The determination method according to claim 1, wherein the determining a minimum axial load to be applied to the graphite packing ring according to the radial contact stress and the amount of the unilateral radial clearance specifically comprises:
judging whether the amount of the radial clearance on the single side is 2 or not, and obtaining a sixth judgment result;
When the sixth judgment result shows that the judgment result is yes, according to the formula, sigmaDiameter of a pipe＝0.673σshaft-8.233, determining the minimum axial load to be applied by the graphite packing ring; wherein σDiameter of a pipeDenotes the radial contact stress, σ, of the graphite packing ringShaftindicating the minimum axial load that the graphite packing ring needs to apply.
8. A system for determining axial loading of a graphite packing ring for a static coupling seal, the system comprising:
The parameter acquisition module is used for acquiring the density of the graphite packing ring, the pressure of the low-pressure side of the medium, the pressure of the high-pressure side of the medium, the leakage rate and the radial clearance amount of the single side;
the leakage model determining module is used for determining a leakage model of the graphite packing ring according to the density;
the radial contact stress determining module is used for determining the radial contact stress of the graphite packing ring according to the leakage model, the pressure of the low-pressure side of the medium, the pressure of the high-pressure side of the medium and the leakage rate;
And the axial load determining module is used for determining the minimum axial load to be applied by the graphite packing ring according to the radial contact stress and the single-side radial clearance.
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