CN110554383A - MIMO annular array azimuth imaging method and device for microwave frequency band - Google Patents
MIMO annular array azimuth imaging method and device for microwave frequency band Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/89—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/28—Details of pulse systems
- G01S7/285—Receivers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/35—Details of non-pulse systems
- G01S7/352—Receivers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/41—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
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Abstract
a MIMO annular array azimuth imaging method and apparatus used for microwave frequency channel, said method comprises setting up MIMO annular array; irradiating a two-dimensional target placed in the MIMO annular array and receiving a scattering echo; performing two-dimensional Fourier transform on the received scattering echoes to obtain a spatial spectral domain result; focusing the scattering echo signal to obtain a focused spectral domain result; performing two-dimensional inverse Fourier transform on the focused spectrum domain result to obtain a target function in a spatial domain; performing data integration on the obtained target function in the spatial domain to obtain a target function under a rectangular coordinate system; and obtaining a target reflection coefficient function according to the obtained target function under the rectangular coordinate system, thereby realizing the MIMO annular array azimuth imaging. The invention can realize the target high-quality and high-efficiency azimuth imaging by the rapid imaging method based on the array.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of MIMO array imaging signal processing, in particular to a method and a device for MIMO annular array azimuth imaging in a microwave frequency band.
background
in the application of MIMO (multiple input multiple output) array imaging, the MIMO array structure and the high-efficiency imaging method are the key points of the imaging technology. Many fast imaging methods have been developed for conventional MIMO arrays, such as linear MIMO arrays and planar rectangular MIMO arrays. However, the planar MIMO array has a large blind area, and cannot realize omnidirectional imaging of a target. Therefore, the invention designs an annular MIMO array which can realize the omnibearing observation and imaging of the target under the condition of not contacting the target. A fast and efficient azimuth imaging method is developed based on the annular MIMO array, and a target image placed in the annular array can be fast reconstructed.
Disclosure of Invention
in view of the above, it is a primary objective of the present invention to provide an azimuth imaging method and apparatus for a microwave band MIMO circular array, so as to at least partially solve at least one of the above technical problems.
in order to achieve the above object, as one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a MIMO annular array azimuth imaging method, comprising the steps of:
A. Setting a MIMO annular array;
B. irradiating a two-dimensional target placed in the MIMO annular array and receiving a scattering echo;
C. Performing two-dimensional Fourier transform on the received scattering echoes to obtain a spatial spectral domain result;
D. focusing the scattering echo signal to obtain a focused spectral domain result;
E. performing two-dimensional inverse Fourier transform on the focused spectrum domain result to obtain a target function in a spatial domain;
F. Performing data integration on the obtained target function in the spatial domain to obtain a target function under a rectangular coordinate system;
G. And obtaining a target reflection coefficient function according to the obtained target function under the rectangular coordinate system, thereby realizing the MIMO annular array azimuth imaging.
As another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a MIMO annular array azimuth imaging apparatus comprising:
a memory to store instructions; and
a processor for executing the method as described above according to the instructions.
Based on the above technical solution, the method and apparatus for forming an image of the microwave band MIMO annular array azimuth direction of the present invention have at least one of the following advantages over the prior art:
The invention is used for the azimuth imaging of the microwave frequency band MIMO annular array, can realize the 360-degree omnibearing observation of the target under the condition of not interfering the target under the condition of a specific annular MIMO array topological structure, and can realize the azimuth imaging with high quality and high efficiency of the target by the rapid imaging method based on the array.
drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of an azimuth imaging method for a microwave band MIMO annular array according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a 101-transmitter 101MIMO circular array in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a reflection coefficient function of an observed target according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 shows the directional imaging result of the MIMO circular array according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
in order that the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with the following specific embodiments.
The invention discloses a MIMO annular array azimuth imaging method, which comprises the following steps:
A. setting a MIMO annular array;
B. Irradiating a two-dimensional target placed in the MIMO annular array and receiving a scattering echo;
C. Performing two-dimensional Fourier transform on the received scattering echoes to obtain a spatial spectral domain result;
D. focusing the scattering echo signal to obtain a focused spectral domain result;
E. Performing two-dimensional inverse Fourier transform on the focused spectrum domain result to obtain a target function in a spatial domain;
F. Performing data integration on the obtained target function in the spatial domain to obtain a target function under a rectangular coordinate system;
G. and obtaining a target reflection coefficient function according to the obtained target function under the rectangular coordinate system, thereby realizing the MIMO annular array azimuth imaging.
The annular array comprises a plurality of transmitting array elements and a plurality of receiving array elements.
wherein the annular array is located on a plane where z is 0;
The transmitting array elements and the receiving array elements of the annular array are arranged at equal angles and equal intervals by taking the center of the annular array as a central point.
Wherein, the step B specifically comprises: a plurality of transmitting units in the annular array transmit in sequence in a time-sharing manner, a two-dimensional target positioned in the annular MIMO array in a free space is irradiated by using related broadband signals, and a plurality of independent receiving units receive scattered echoes at the same time;
the wave speed of the free space is light speed, and the light speed is expressed as c ═ ω/k; where ω is the angular frequency and k is the wavenumber.
wherein, considering the curvature of the phase plane under the spherical wave propagation model of the near field, the scattered echo signal in step B is represented as:
Wherein, thetaTis the angular position of the emitting unit, thetaRto receive the angular position of the unit, E0for the initial amplitude of the transmitted wave, j is the imaginary unit, k is the wavenumber, R is the radius of the circular array, (R, θ) is the coordinate position of the two-dimensional object, and f (R, θ) is the reflection coefficient function of the two-dimensional object.
wherein, the step C specifically comprises:
Sub-step C1 includes: will scatter the echo Esc(θT，θRK) with respect to θT、θRThe fourier transform is performed separately, as follows:
wherein k isθ-Tis thetaTCorresponding wave number domain component, kθ-Ris thetaRA corresponding wavenumber domain component;
Sub-step C2 includes: the two fourier transforms are solved using the stationary phase principle, including:
sub-step C3 includes: substituting the solution result in the substep C2 into the original formula (2) to obtain a spatial spectral domain result Esc(kθ_T，kθ_Rk), expressed as:
Wherein, the step D specifically comprises:
The sub-step D1 includes: focusing function F defining a spatial spectral domaincsExpressed as:
the sub-step D2 includes: echo signal E in the spatial spectral domainsc(kθ_T，kθ_RK) focusing is performed, expressed as:
The sub-step D3 includes: obtaining focused spectral domain resultsExpressed as:
wherein, the step E specifically comprises:
Sub-step E1 includes: for the focused spectral domain resultalong (k)θ_T，kθ_R) Two-dimensional inverse fourier transforms are performed in two directions, represented as:
Sub-step E2 includes: the two-dimensional inverse fourier transform in equation (9) above is solved using the stationary phase principle, which is expressed as:
sub-step E3 includes: substituting the result of the solution of the stationary phase principle into the original formula (9) to obtain an objective function in the spatial domainthe final result of (a), is expressed as:
the step F specifically comprises the following steps:
sub-step F1 includes: defining spectral domain component (k) in rectangular coordinate systemx，ky) Expressed as:
Sub-step F2 includes: and according to (k)x，ky) And (theta)T，θR) Is related to the objective function in the spatial domainrearranging and integrating data to obtain a target function s (k) under a rectangular coordinate systemx，ky)。
wherein, the step G specifically comprises: for the objective function s (k) in the rectangular coordinate systemx，ky) About (k)x，ky) Performing two-dimensional inverse fourier transform to obtain a target reflection coefficient function f (x, y, 0), which is expressed as:
the invention also discloses an MIMO annular array azimuth imaging device, which comprises:
A memory to store instructions; and
A processor for executing the method as described above according to the instructions.
in one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a MIMO circular array azimuth imaging method for microwave band is provided. The method comprises the following steps: design is composed of NTA transmitting array element and NRA MIMO annular array formed by a plurality of receiving array elements, the array is positioned on a plane with the z being 0, and the radius is R, NTa transmitting array element and NRThe receiving elements are arranged at equal intervals of an angle interval delta theta, and the receiving units are expressed as (R, theta)T) The transmitting unit is represented by (R, theta)R) (ii) a Multiple transmitting units transmit in time-sharing manner by using related broadband signals to free space (wave speed is light)A two-dimensional target located inside the annular MIMO array in velocity c ═ ω/k) is illuminated (coordinates (r, θ), whose reflection coefficient function is written as: f (r, theta) and receiving scattered echoes E simultaneously by a plurality of independent receiving unitssc(θT，θRK), wherein the curvature of the phase plane under a spherical wave propagation model of the near field is taken into account; for received scattered echo Esc(θT，θRK) with respect to (θ)T，θR) Two-dimensional Fourier transform is carried out in two directions to obtain a space spectral domain result Esc(kθ_T，kθ_RK); defining a focusing function in the spatial spectral domain in which the echo signal E is focusedsc(kθ_T，kθ_RAnd k) focusing to obtain a focused spectral domain resultFor the focused spectral domain resultAlong (k)θ_T，kθ_R) Two-dimensional inverse Fourier transform is carried out in two directions to obtain an objective function in a spatial domainDefining spectral domain component (k) in rectangular coordinate systemx，ky) And according to (k)x，ky) And (theta)T，θR) Is related to the objective function in the spatial domainRearranging and integrating data to obtain a target function s (k) under a rectangular coordinate systemx，ky) (ii) a For the objective function s (k) in the rectangular coordinate systemx，ky) About (k)x，ky) And performing two-dimensional inverse Fourier transform to obtain a target reflection coefficient function f (x, y, 0). According to the invention, by constructing the annular MIMO array and designing the azimuth imaging method, the high-efficiency and high-quality azimuth imaging result can be realized.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that in the drawings or description, the same drawing reference numerals are used for similar or identical parts. Implementations not depicted or described in the drawings are of a form known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Additionally, while exemplifications of parameters including particular values may be provided herein, it is to be understood that the parameters need not be exactly equal to the respective values, but may be approximated to the respective values within acceptable error margins or design constraints. Directional phrases used in the embodiments, such as "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," and the like, refer only to the orientation of the figure. Accordingly, the directional terminology used is intended to be in the nature of words of description rather than of limitation.
In a preferred exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a MIMO circular array azimuth imaging method for microwave band is provided. Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a MIMO annular array azimuth imaging method for microwave band according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the method for forming an azimuth image of a microwave band MIMO annular array in this embodiment includes:
step A: design is composed of NTA transmitting array element and NRa MIMO annular array formed by a plurality of receiving array elements, the array is positioned on a plane with the z being 0, and the radius is R, NTA transmitting array element and NRthe receiving elements are arranged at equal intervals of an angle interval delta theta, and the receiving units are expressed as (R, theta)T) The transmitting unit is represented by (R, theta)R)；
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a MIMO circular array, which includes 101 transmitting units and 101 receiving units;
and B: the multiple transmitting units sequentially transmit and utilize related broadband signals in a time-sharing manner, irradiate a two-dimensional target (coordinates (r, theta) with a reflection coefficient function written as f (r, theta)) positioned in the annular MIMO array in a free space (the wave speed is light speed c ═ omega/k), and simultaneously receive scattered echoes E through the multiple independent receiving unitssc(θT，θRk) in whichThe phase surface curvature under the spherical wave propagation model to the near field, the scattered echo signal is written as:
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the reflection coefficient of the target according to the present invention.
And C: for received scattered echo Esc(θT，θRK) with respect to (θ)T，θR) Two-dimensional Fourier transform is carried out in two directions to obtain a space spectral domain result Esc(kθ_T，kθ_R，k)；
The step C comprises the following steps:
Substep C1: will scatter the echo Esc(θT，θRK) with respect to θT，θRThe fourier transform is performed separately, as follows:
substep C2: the two fourier transforms are solved using the stationary phase principle, including:
Substep C3: substituting the solution result in the substep C2 into the original formula (2) to obtain a spatial spectral domain result Esc(kθ_T，kθ_Rk), expressed as:
Step D: defining a focusing function in the spatial spectral domain in which the echo signal E is focusedsc(kθ_T，kθ_Rand k) performing a focusing operation,Obtaining focused spectral domain results
The step D comprises the following steps:
substep D1: focusing function F defining a spatial spectral domaincsexpressed as:
Substep D2: echo signal E in the spatial spectral domainsc(kθ_T，kθ_RK) focusing is performed, expressed as:
Substep 3: obtaining focused spectral domain resultsExpressed as:
Step E: for the focused spectral domain resultAlong (k)θ_T，kθ_R) Two-dimensional inverse Fourier transform is carried out in two directions to obtain an objective function in a spatial domain
The step E comprises the following steps:
Sub-step E1: for the focused spectral domain resultalong (k)θ_T，kθ_R) Two-dimensional inverse Fourier transform is performed in two directions, expressed as：
sub-step E2: solving the two-dimensional inverse Fourier transform in the above equation by using the stationary phase principle, expressed as:
Sub-step E3: substituting the result of the solution of the stationary phase principle into the original formula (9) to obtain an objective function in the spatial domainThe final result of (a), is expressed as:
step F: defining spectral domain component (k) in rectangular coordinate systemx，ky) And according to (k)x，ky) And (theta)T，θR) Is related to the objective function in the spatial domainrearranging and integrating data to obtain a target function s (k) under a rectangular coordinate systemx，ky)；
The step F comprises the following steps:
Sub-step F1: defining spectral domain component (k) in rectangular coordinate systemx，ky) Expressed as:
sub-step F2: and according to (k)x，ky) And (theta)T，θR) Is related to the objective function in the spatial domainrearranging and integrating data to obtain a target function s (k) under a rectangular coordinate systemx，ky)
Step G: for the objective function s (k) in the rectangular coordinate systemx，ky) About (k)x，ky) Performing two-dimensional inverse fourier transform to obtain a target reflection coefficient function f (x, y, 0), which is expressed as:
In this embodiment, fig. 4 shows the MIMO circular array azimuth imaging result, that is, the normalized azimuth imaging result display of the target reflection coefficient function f (x, y, 0).
Up to this point, the present embodiment has been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. From the above description, those skilled in the art should clearly understand that the MIMO circular array azimuth imaging method for microwave frequency band of the present invention.
further, the above definitions of the various elements and methods are not limited to the various specific structures, shapes or arrangements of parts mentioned in the examples, which may be easily modified or substituted by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In summary, the present invention establishes the MIMO annular array, realizes 360 ° omnidirectional observation of the target without interfering with the target, and can realize high-quality, high-efficiency azimuth imaging of the target by the fast imaging method based on the array.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a MIMO annular array azimuth imaging method comprises the following steps:
A. Setting a MIMO annular array;
B. Irradiating a two-dimensional target placed in the MIMO annular array and receiving a scattering echo;
C. Performing two-dimensional Fourier transform on the received scattering echoes to obtain a spatial spectral domain result;
D. Focusing the scattering echo signal to obtain a focused spectral domain result;
E. performing two-dimensional inverse Fourier transform on the focused spectrum domain result to obtain a target function in a spatial domain;
F. performing data integration on the obtained target function in the spatial domain to obtain a target function under a rectangular coordinate system;
G. And obtaining a target reflection coefficient function according to the obtained target function under the rectangular coordinate system, thereby realizing the MIMO annular array azimuth imaging.
2. The method of claim 1,
The annular array comprises a plurality of transmitting array elements and a plurality of receiving array elements.
3. the method of claim 2,
the annular array is located on a plane where z is 0;
Preferably, the transmitting array elements and the receiving array elements of the annular array are arranged at equal angles and equal intervals by taking the center of the annular array as a central point.
4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The step B specifically comprises the following steps: a plurality of transmitting units in the annular array transmit in sequence in a time-sharing manner, a two-dimensional target positioned in the annular MIMO array in a free space is irradiated by using related broadband signals, and a plurality of independent receiving units receive scattered echoes at the same time;
The wave speed of the free space is light speed, and the light speed is expressed as c ═ ω/k; where ω is the angular frequency and k is the wavenumber.
5. the imaging method according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
Considering the curvature of the phase plane under the spherical wave propagation model of the near field, the scattered echo signal in step B is represented as:
Wherein, thetaTis the angular position of the emitting unit, thetaRto receive the angular position of the unit, E0For the initial amplitude of the transmitted wave, j is the imaginary unit, k is the wavenumber, R is the radius of the circular array, (R, θ) is the coordinate position of the two-dimensional object, and f (R, θ) is the reflection coefficient function of the two-dimensional object.
6. The imaging method according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
the step C specifically comprises the following steps:
sub-step C1 includes: will scatter the echo Esc(θT，θRK) with respect to θT、θRThe fourier transform is performed separately, as follows:
Wherein k isθ-TIs thetaTCorresponding wave number domain component, kθ-RIs thetaRA corresponding wavenumber domain component;
Sub-step C2 includes: the two fourier transforms are solved using the stationary phase principle, including:
Sub-step C3 includes: substituting the solution result in the substep C2 into the original formula (2) to obtain a spatial spectral domain result Esc(kθ_T，kθ_RK), expressed as:
7. the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
The step D specifically comprises the following steps:
The sub-step D1 includes: focusing function F defining a spatial spectral domaincsexpressed as:
The sub-step D2 includes: echo signal E in the spatial spectral domainsc(kθ_T，kθ_Rk) focusing is performed, expressed as:
the sub-step D3 includes: obtaining focused spectral domain resultsExpressed as:
8. the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
The step E specifically comprises the following steps:
Sub-step E1 includes: for the focused spectral domain resultalong (k)θ_T，kθ_R) Two-dimensional inverse fourier transforms are performed in two directions, represented as:
Sub-step E2 includes: the two-dimensional inverse fourier transform in equation (9) above is solved using the stationary phase principle, which is expressed as:
sub-step E3 includes: substituting the result of the solution of the stationary phase principle into the original formula (9) to obtain an objective function in the spatial domainthe final result of (a), is expressed as:
the step F specifically comprises the following steps:
Sub-step F1 includes: defining spectral domain component (k) in rectangular coordinate systemx，ky) Expressed as:
Sub-step F2 includes: and according to (k)x，ky) And (theta)T，θR) Is related to the objective function in the spatial domainNumber ofRearranging and integrating data to obtain a target function s (k) under a rectangular coordinate systemx，ky)。
9. the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8,
The step G specifically comprises: for the objective function s (k) in the rectangular coordinate systemx，ky) About (k)x，ky) Performing two-dimensional inverse Fourier transform to obtain a target reflection coefficient function f (x, y, 0) which is expressed as;
10. a MIMO annular array azimuth imaging apparatus comprising:
A memory to store instructions; and
A processor for performing the method of any one of claims 1-9 in accordance with the instructions.
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| CN111650585A (en) * | 2020-08-04 | 2020-09-11 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Near-field millimeter wave sparse MIMO scanning array full-focusing imaging method and device |
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