CN110554250A - Electrostatic field detection device adopting reverse electric field compensation technology - Google Patents
Electrostatic field detection device adopting reverse electric field compensation technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN110554250A CN110554250A CN201910759689.9A CN201910759689A CN110554250A CN 110554250 A CN110554250 A CN 110554250A CN 201910759689 A CN201910759689 A CN 201910759689A CN 110554250 A CN110554250 A CN 110554250A
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- 230000005686 electrostatic field Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
- G01R29/12—Measuring electrostatic fields or voltage-potential
Abstract
the invention provides an electrostatic field detection device adopting a reverse electric field compensation technology. The full-electronic design is adopted, the measurement value is corrected by utilizing a reverse compensation mode, data distortion caused by linear drift of an amplifying circuit is offset from a signal input end, and the measurement precision and effect of the full-electronic electric field sensor in practical application are improved; the problem of data drift of the micro-current amplifying circuit is solved, and meanwhile, the influence of leakage current on the amplifier is avoided, so that the measurement accuracy of the full-electronic electrostatic field sensor is improved, the full-electronic electrostatic field sensor can be widely applied to equipment such as electrostatic monitoring, lightning detection and atmospheric electric field monitoring, and the full-electronic electrostatic field sensor has good social benefit and economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electrostatic field detection, and particularly relates to an electrostatic field detection device adopting a reverse electric field compensation technology.
Background
At present, a detection instrument capable of continuously measuring an electrostatic field is a mechanical electric field instrument, and can detect small electrostatic field changes. The detection principle of the detection equipment is based on that a mechanical electric field instrument device converts the value of an electrostatic field into a substitute signal through a continuously rotating motor, so that the measurement is easier. The use of a rotating motor has the disadvantage of mechanical failure and wear due to the use of movable parts.
in order to solve the technical problems, technicians in the field adopt the micro-current amplifying circuit to detect the environment electrostatic field, and the technical problem existing in the existing mode of adopting the micro-current amplifying circuit to detect the environment electrostatic field is that the leakage current phenomenon of electronic components cannot be really avoided, so that the common micro-current amplifying circuit can generate linear drift and distortion of different degrees when measuring the electrostatic field, and the measured value is inaccurate.
disclosure of Invention
in order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides an electrostatic field detection apparatus using a reverse electric field compensation technique.
The following presents a simplified summary in order to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the disclosed embodiments. This summary is not an extensive overview and is intended to neither identify key/critical elements nor delineate the scope of such embodiments. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in some optional embodiments, there is provided an electrostatic field detection apparatus using reverse electric field compensation technology, including: the device comprises an amplifier, a controller, a primary conducting element and a secondary conducting element, wherein the primary conducting element and the secondary conducting element are positioned in an electrostatic field to be measured;
The reverse input end of the amplifier is connected with the primary conducting element, and the amplifier is used for detecting the charge generated on the primary conducting element by the electrostatic field to be detected so as to obtain an input signal;
The input end of the controller is connected with the output end of the amplifier, and the controller is used for detecting the output signal of the amplifier and generating a regular compensation signal according to the output signal of the amplifier;
The secondary conducting element is connected with the output end of the controller, and the secondary conducting element is used for applying a compensation electric field to the primary conducting element through the compensation signal.
In some optional embodiments, the electrostatic field detection apparatus using the reverse electric field compensation technique further includes: and the A/D converter is used for converting the output signal of the amplifier into a digital signal and transmitting the digital signal to the controller.
In some optional embodiments, the electrostatic field detection apparatus using the reverse electric field compensation technique further includes: and the D/A converter is used for converting the compensation signal output by the controller into an analog signal and outputting the analog signal to the secondary conducting element.
In some optional embodiments, the controller comprises:
A receiving module for receiving the output signal of the amplifier;
A measuring module for periodically measuring a change in an output signal of the amplifier;
The output module is used for periodically outputting a compensation signal;
the compensation signal output by the output module and the output signal of the amplifier received by the receiving module have the same variation in a period time and opposite polarities, and if the variation exceeds a preset maximum value in a period time, the compensation signal takes the maximum value.
in some alternative embodiments, the controller is arranged to compensate once every S seconds, where 0.1S ≦ S ≦ 1S, or 0.2S ≦ S ≦ 0.6S, or S ≦ 500 ms; the maximum compensation signal is set to 200 mV.
in some alternative embodiments, the primary conductive element is a circular copper sheet with a diameter of 20mm and a thickness of 0.2 mm.
In some optional embodiments, the secondary conductive element is a circular copper sheet with a diameter of 20mm and a thickness of 0.2mm, and the secondary conductive element is located below the primary conductive element and is 1mm away from the primary conductive element.
the invention has the following beneficial effects: the full-electronic design is adopted, the measurement value is corrected by utilizing a reverse compensation mode, data distortion caused by linear drift of an amplifying circuit is offset from a signal input end, and the measurement precision and effect of the full-electronic electric field sensor in practical application are improved; the problem of data drift of the micro-current amplifying circuit is solved, and meanwhile, the influence of leakage current on the amplifier is avoided, so that the measurement accuracy of the full-electronic electrostatic field sensor is improved, the full-electronic electrostatic field sensor can be widely applied to equipment such as electrostatic monitoring, lightning detection and atmospheric electric field monitoring, and the full-electronic electrostatic field sensor has good social benefit and economic benefit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a differential amplifier;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a charge amplifier;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an electrostatic field detection device according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing the drift generated when the output signal is not compensated with the real signal;
Fig. 5 is a graph comparing the compensated output signal with the real signal.
Detailed Description
The following description and the drawings sufficiently illustrate specific embodiments of the invention to enable those skilled in the art to practice them. Other embodiments may incorporate structural, logical, electrical, process, and other changes. The examples merely typify possible variations. Individual components and functions are optional unless explicitly required, and the sequence of operations may vary. Portions and features of some embodiments may be included in or substituted for those of others.
As shown in fig. 3, in some illustrative embodiments, an electrostatic field detection apparatus using a reverse electric field compensation technique is provided, which solves the data drift problem of a micro-current amplification circuit by using the reverse compensation technique, thereby realizing accurate and effective full-electronic electrostatic field detection.
The electrostatic field detection device of the present invention includes: the device comprises a primary conducting element 1, an amplifier 2, an A/D converter 5, a controller 3, a D/A converter 6 and a secondary conducting element 4, wherein the primary conducting element 1 and the secondary conducting element 4 are positioned in an electrostatic field to be measured.
the primary conducting element 1 is connected with the reverse input end of the amplifier 2, and the primary conducting element is a circular copper sheet with the diameter of 20mm and the thickness of 0.2 mm.
The amplifier 2 is used to detect the charge generated on the primary conductive element 1 by the electrostatic field to be measured, so as to obtain an input signal Ve, which can be converted into a value, if the positive input end of the amplifier 2 is grounded, the value is a voltage or a potential to the ground, thereby representing the value of the electrostatic field at the position of the primary conductive element 1, and the unit is volt per meter.
As shown in fig. 1, the inverting input of the amplifier is connected to the conductive element 101 for receiving the input signal Ve, and if the amplifier is in differential amplification mode, the input signal Ve is connected to the inverting input of the amplifier through a resistor R 1, and the inverting input and output of the amplifier are connected through a resistor R 2.
Vs＝-Vex(R1/R2)；
From the above equation, the output signal Vs is proportional to the input signal Ve, and if the input signal Ve does not change with time, the output signal Vs will not change. In applications, however, an amplifier with a differential arrangement may make the measurement of no practical significance due to leakage currents in the resistors. Since the measured charge is typically very small and these leakage currents may even exceed the current induced by the electrostatic field on the conductive element 101.
Therefore, an integrating amplifier circuit may be used, and as shown in fig. 2, the relationship between the output signal Vs and the input signal Ve may be related by the capacitance C, as follows:
Vs＝-1/Cx∫Ve dt；
From the above equation, the output signal Vs is related to the integral of the input signal Ve, which means that for a continuous input, the output will be gradually increased or decreased, and thus no real measurement can be achieved.
The amplifier 2 of the invention is thus arranged as a charge amplifier or integrating amplifier, which can achieve higher values than a differential amplifier, while achieving almost zero leakage current. The charge amplifier is characterized in that the loop of the operational amplifier is composed of a capacitor instead of a resistor. For a direct voltage or current, the capacitance corresponds to an approximately infinite impedance. The charge amplifier thus generates at the output an output signal Vs whose value is related to the integral value of the input signal Ve.
and an a/D converter 5 for converting the output signal Vs of the amplifier 2 into a digital signal and transmitting the digital signal to the controller 3.
An input 3a of the controller 3 is connected to an output of the amplifier 2 to receive the output signal Vs of the amplifier 2 or a digital version of the output signal. The controller 3 is configured to detect the output signal Vs of the amplifier 2 and generate a periodic compensation signal Vc according to the output signal Vs of the amplifier, i.e., the controller receives the output signal Vs and generates a compensation signal Vc related to the output signal Vs.
And a D/a converter 6 for converting the compensation signal Vc output by the controller 3 into an analog signal and outputting the analog signal to the secondary conductive element 4.
The secondary conductive element 4 is connected to the output 3b of the controller 3, the secondary conductive element 4 being arranged to apply a compensating electric field to the primary conductive element 1 via the compensation signal Vc. The secondary conductive element is a circular copper sheet with a diameter of 20mm and a thickness of 0.2mm, and the secondary conductive element 4 is located below the primary conductive element 1 and is 1mm away from the primary conductive element 1.
The controller 3 includes:
A receiving module 31, configured to receive an output signal Vs of the amplifier;
a measuring module 32 for periodically measuring a change in the output signal Vs of the amplifier;
The output module 33 is used for periodically outputting a compensation signal Vc.
The measuring module 32 periodically detects the output signal Vs and generates a periodic compensation voltage Vc at the output 3b via the output module 33.
The compensation signal Vc output by the output module 33 has the same magnitude and opposite polarity as the variation of the output signal Vs of the amplifier received by the receiving module 31 in a period, and if the variation exceeds the preset maximum value Vcmax in a period, the compensation signal assumes the maximum value Vcmax.
in this way, an additional electrostatic field can be generated by the secondary conductive element 4 placed in the vicinity of the primary conductive element 1 and affect the primary conductive element 1, compensating or reducing the rate of change of the input signal Ve by the detected output signal Vs, thereby avoiding the integration effect or "drift" of the output signal, without also having a leakage current effect on the amplifier itself.
It should be noted that the drift of the amplifier itself may be masked by the variation trend of the output signal Vs itself due to the change of the external electrostatic field. Because in practical applications the external electrostatic field changes much more than the drift produced by the amplifier.
Therefore, it is necessary to set the frequency and the maximum compensation value of the compensation signal Vc generated by the controller so as not to affect the change caused by the external electrostatic field while compensating for the drift caused by the signal Vs.
Therefore, the generation frequency of the compensation voltage should fully take the actual compensation effect into consideration, and the controller is set to compensate once every S seconds, wherein S is more than or equal to 0.1S and less than or equal to 1S, or S is more than or equal to 0.2S and less than or equal to 0.6S, or S is equal to 500 ms; the maximum compensation signal Vcmax is set to 200 mV. The maximum value Vcmax is defined for the absolute value of the compensation signal Vc so that a slow, or relatively small drift can be effectively compensated, but without affecting the large actual electrostatic field variation value.
Fig. 4 and 5 show a comparison of waveforms of the input signal Vs and the output signal Vs, respectively, with and without compensation.
as shown in fig. 5, the external electrostatic field Vm, and the waveforms of the output signal Vs and the compensation signal Vc vary with time. As mentioned above, the output signal Vs changes with the change of the external electric field Vm, and a compensation voltage signal Vc having a value related to the change of the output signal Vs but with an opposite polarity is applied to the secondary sensing element 4, and the compensation electric field and the real external electric field Vm together form the input signal Ve. In this way, a drift of the output signal Vs in the same direction will correspondingly produce a compensation voltage Vc, thereby creating an electrostatic field on the secondary conductive element 4 that will affect the total electric field value detected on the primary conductive element 1. The repeated periodic application of the compensation voltage Vc in response to the variation of the output signal Vs causes the output signal to slightly oscillate, but does not produce a significant continuous drift as shown in fig. 4.
those of skill would further appreciate that the various illustrative logical blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (7)
1. An electrostatic field detection device using reverse electric field compensation technology, comprising: the device comprises an amplifier, a controller, a primary conducting element and a secondary conducting element, wherein the primary conducting element and the secondary conducting element are positioned in an electrostatic field to be measured;
The reverse input end of the amplifier is connected with the primary conducting element, and the amplifier is used for detecting the charge generated on the primary conducting element by the electrostatic field to be detected so as to obtain an input signal;
The input end of the controller is connected with the output end of the amplifier, and the controller is used for detecting the output signal of the amplifier and generating a regular compensation signal according to the output signal of the amplifier;
the secondary conducting element is connected with the output end of the controller, and the secondary conducting element is used for applying a compensation electric field to the primary conducting element through the compensation signal.
2. The electrostatic field detection device adopting the reverse electric field compensation technology as claimed in claim 1, further comprising: and the A/D converter is used for converting the output signal of the amplifier into a digital signal and transmitting the digital signal to the controller.
3. The electrostatic field detection device adopting the reverse electric field compensation technology as claimed in claim 2, further comprising: and the D/A converter is used for converting the compensation signal output by the controller into an analog signal and outputting the analog signal to the secondary conducting element.
4. The electrostatic field detection device adopting the reverse electric field compensation technology as claimed in claim 3, wherein the controller comprises:
A receiving module for receiving the output signal of the amplifier;
a measuring module for periodically measuring a change in an output signal of the amplifier;
The output module is used for periodically outputting a compensation signal;
The compensation signal output by the output module and the output signal of the amplifier received by the receiving module have the same variation in a period time and opposite polarities, and if the variation exceeds a preset maximum value in a period time, the compensation signal takes the maximum value.
5. The electrostatic field detection device adopting the reverse electric field compensation technology as claimed in claim 4, wherein the controller is configured to compensate every S seconds, wherein S is 0.1S-1S, or S is 0.2S-0.6S, or S-500 ms; the maximum compensation signal is set to 200 mV.
6. The electrostatic field detection device adopting the reverse electric field compensation technology as claimed in claim 5, wherein the primary conductive element is a circular copper sheet with a diameter of 20mm and a thickness of 0.2 mm.
7. The electrostatic field detection device adopting the reverse electric field compensation technology as claimed in claim 6, wherein the secondary conductive element is a circular copper sheet with a diameter of 20mm and a thickness of 0.2mm, and the secondary conductive element is located below the primary conductive element and is 1mm away from the primary conductive element.
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| CN201910759689.9A CN110554250A (en) | 2019-08-16 | 2019-08-16 | Electrostatic field detection device adopting reverse electric field compensation technology |
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| CN201910759689.9A CN110554250A (en) | 2019-08-16 | 2019-08-16 | Electrostatic field detection device adopting reverse electric field compensation technology |
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| US5473244A (en) * | 1992-09-17 | 1995-12-05 | Libove; Joel M. | Apparatus for measuring voltages and currents using non-contacting sensors |
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2019
- 2019-08-16 CN CN201910759689.9A patent/CN110554250A/en active Pending
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