CN110553308A - energy collaborative operation control system - Google Patents
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- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 71
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 66
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 23
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 14
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- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D19/00—Details
- F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
- F24D19/1009—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating
- F24D19/1045—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems for central heating the system uses a heat pump and solar energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种能源协同运行控制系统，包括分布式光伏单元、空气源热泵单元和控制模块；分布式光伏单元与空气源热泵单元单向连接，空气源热泵单元与控制模块双向连接，分布式光伏单元与电网双向连接；分布式光伏单元在用电高峰期向空气源热泵供电或者与电网并网；空气源热泵单元利用低位热源进行热能供暖；控制模块根据预先定义的控制策略控制分布式光伏单元对空气源热泵单元供电，使温度值在预先定义的温度范围内；预先定义的控制策略包括控制分布式光伏单元进行并网、控制空气源热泵的启停和对空气源热泵进行模糊控制。通过模糊控制对用户的室内温度进行有效实时的调节，避免了传统供暖中供暖不足或者过多的现象，使用户用电经济效益最大化。
The invention relates to an energy coordinated operation control system, which includes a distributed photovoltaic unit, an air source heat pump unit and a control module; Photovoltaic units are bidirectionally connected to the grid; distributed photovoltaic units supply power to air source heat pumps or connect to the grid during peak periods of electricity consumption; air source heat pump units use low-level heat sources for thermal heating; control modules control distributed photovoltaics according to predefined control strategies The unit supplies power to the air source heat pump unit so that the temperature value is within a predefined temperature range; the predefined control strategy includes controlling the distributed photovoltaic unit to connect to the grid, controlling the start and stop of the air source heat pump, and performing fuzzy control on the air source heat pump. Through the fuzzy control, the user's indoor temperature can be adjusted effectively and in real time, which avoids the phenomenon of insufficient or excessive heating in traditional heating, and maximizes the economic benefits of the user's electricity consumption.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种控制系统，具体涉及一种能源协同运行控制系统。The invention relates to a control system, in particular to an energy coordinated operation control system.
背景技术Background technique
经济的迅猛发展造成对电力增长的迫切需求，而且例如大面积停电事故，拉闹限电这些现象的产生，也反映出传统的大规模集中式供电已经出现了稳定性和可靠性的问题。分布式发电技术的发展能在一定程度上缓解输配电的供电压力和局部用电紧张状况，提高电网运行的可靠性，稳定性，确保无大电网覆盖的偏远山区的用户电力需求，此外，当前的锅炉供暖系统消耗大量的煤炭资源，排放出大量的二氧化碳、酸性气体二氧化硫和固体颗粒，造成了空气污染，是引起雾霾天气的主要原因之一。The rapid economic development has created an urgent demand for power growth, and the occurrence of such phenomena as large-scale power outages and power rationing also reflects the stability and reliability of traditional large-scale centralized power supply. The development of distributed power generation technology can alleviate the power supply pressure of power transmission and distribution and local power consumption tension to a certain extent, improve the reliability and stability of power grid operation, and ensure the power demand of users in remote mountainous areas without large power grid coverage. In addition, The current boiler heating system consumes a large amount of coal resources and emits a large amount of carbon dioxide, acid gas sulfur dioxide and solid particles, causing air pollution and is one of the main causes of haze weather.
而空气源热泵能够通过消耗少量的高品位能量，从周围环境中吸取热量并把它传递给被加热的对象建筑物内，实现大量自然资源和余热的再利用。与此同时，空气源热泵热水装置具有形式多样、结构紧凑、可靠性高、节能明显、寿命长等优点，不存在各种热水锅炉占地面积大、能耗和污染严重的问题，因此，符合其与建筑一体化结合的需求趋势。而空气调节技术在国民经济各个领域和人民生活的各个方面得到了广泛应用。因此要针对空气源热泵的控制，综合考虑空调的智能温度调节,以期达到节能、环保、经济、合理的要求。The air source heat pump can absorb heat from the surrounding environment and transfer it to the heated object building by consuming a small amount of high-grade energy, so as to realize the reuse of a large amount of natural resources and waste heat. At the same time, the air source heat pump water heating device has the advantages of various forms, compact structure, high reliability, obvious energy saving, and long life. , in line with the demand trend of its integration with the building. Air-conditioning technology has been widely used in various fields of the national economy and in all aspects of people's lives. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the intelligent temperature adjustment of the air conditioner for the control of the air source heat pump, in order to achieve the requirements of energy saving, environmental protection, economy and reasonableness.
当前的控制常采用传统的大规模集中式PID控制方法，这种方法算法较为简单，但是由于分布式供电供暖是非线性的复杂系统，当用已经调好参数的PID控制器应用于另外一个具有不同模型参数的系统时，系统的性能就会变差，甚至不稳定，无法针对电价信息和对用户的室内温度进行有效、实时的调节，且造成资源浪费。The current control often adopts the traditional large-scale centralized PID control method. The algorithm of this method is relatively simple, but because the distributed power supply heating is a nonlinear complex system, when the PID controller with adjusted parameters is applied to another system with different When the model parameters of the system are changed, the performance of the system will become poor, or even unstable, and it will be impossible to effectively and real-time adjust the electricity price information and the user's indoor temperature, and cause waste of resources.
发明内容Contents of the invention
为了弥补上述缺陷，本发明提供一种能源协同运行控制系统，满足了分布式光伏为空气源热泵的供电需求，缓解电网的用电压力的同时，通过模糊控制对用户的室内温度进行有效、实时的调节，实现了按需供暖，节约能源，避免了传统供暖出现的供暖不足或者供暖过多的现象，提高用户用电的经济性。In order to make up for the above defects, the present invention provides an energy cooperative operation control system, which meets the power supply requirements of distributed photovoltaics for air source heat pumps, relieves the power consumption pressure of the power grid, and effectively and real-timely monitors the user's indoor temperature through fuzzy control. The adjustment realizes on-demand heating, saves energy, avoids the phenomenon of insufficient heating or excessive heating that occurs in traditional heating, and improves the economy of electricity consumption for users.
本发明是采用下述技术方案实现的：The present invention is realized by adopting the following technical solutions:
一种能源协同运行控制系统，其特征在于，所述系统包括：分布式光伏单元、空气源热泵单元和控制模块；所述分布式光伏单元与空气源热泵单元单向连接，所述空气源热泵单元与控制模块双向连接，所述分布式光伏单元与电网双向连接；其中，An energy coordinated operation control system, characterized in that the system includes: a distributed photovoltaic unit, an air source heat pump unit and a control module; the distributed photovoltaic unit is connected to the air source heat pump unit in one direction, and the air source heat pump The unit is bidirectionally connected to the control module, and the distributed photovoltaic unit is bidirectionally connected to the grid; wherein,
所述分布式光伏单元，用于在用电高峰期向空气源热泵供电或者与电网并网；The distributed photovoltaic unit is used to supply power to the air source heat pump or to connect to the grid during the peak period of electricity consumption;
所述空气源热泵单元，用于利用低位热源进行热能供暖；The air source heat pump unit is used for heating with low-level heat sources;
所述控制模块，用于根据预先定义的控制策略，控制分布式光伏单元对空气源热泵单元进行供电，使得温度值处于预先定义的温度范围之内；The control module is used to control the distributed photovoltaic unit to supply power to the air source heat pump unit according to a predefined control strategy, so that the temperature value is within a predefined temperature range;
所述预先定义的控制策略，包括控制所述分布式光伏单元进行并网、控制空气源热泵的启停和对空气源热泵进行模糊控制。The predefined control strategy includes controlling the distributed photovoltaic units to be connected to the grid, controlling the start and stop of the air source heat pump and performing fuzzy control on the air source heat pump.
优选的，所述控制模块，包括：Preferably, the control module includes:
检测单元，用于检测时间范围判断用电峰谷时段；The detection unit is used to detect the time range and judge the peak and valley periods of electricity consumption;
获取单元，用于获取在光伏发电给空气源热泵供电时，电网的售电电价和购电电价；The obtaining unit is used to obtain the electricity sales price and the electricity purchase price of the grid when the photovoltaic power generation supplies power to the air source heat pump;
预定义单元，用于将室内温度的平均值定义为温度阈值；所述室内温度通过温度传感器采集获取，所述温度传感器为多个，且置于不同的房屋内；The predefined unit is used to define the average value of the indoor temperature as a temperature threshold; the indoor temperature is collected and acquired by a temperature sensor, and there are multiple temperature sensors placed in different houses;
比较单元，用于空气源热泵所发出的热量/冷量与预先定义的温度阈值的高低；The comparison unit is used for the heat/cooling capacity emitted by the air source heat pump and the pre-defined temperature threshold;
选取单元，用于根据所述获取单元的获取信息选择空气源热泵的供电端；a selection unit, configured to select the power supply end of the air source heat pump according to the information acquired by the acquisition unit;
管理单元，用于根据所述检测单元获得的检测结果和执行比较单元获得的比较信息，对空气源热泵进行管理。The management unit is configured to manage the air source heat pump according to the detection result obtained by the detection unit and the comparison information obtained by the execution comparison unit.
进一步地，所述选取单元，包括：Further, the selection unit includes:
第一执行子单元，用于当当前时间段的电网对光伏的购电电价大于售电电价时，控制光伏发电全部上网，空气源热泵用电由电网供给；The first execution sub-unit is used to control all the photovoltaic power generation to be connected to the grid when the power purchase price of the power grid for photovoltaics in the current time period is greater than the power sales price, and the power used by the air source heat pump is supplied by the power grid;
第二执行子单元，用于当当前时间段的电网对光伏的购电电价小于售电电价时，控制光伏发电直接对空气源热泵进行供电，当光伏发电出现剩余时，进行上网。The second execution subunit is used to control the photovoltaic power generation to directly supply power to the air source heat pump when the power purchase price of photovoltaic power in the current time period is lower than the power sale price, and to connect to the grid when there is a surplus of photovoltaic power generation.
进一步地，所述管理单元，包括：Further, the management unit includes:
第三执行子单元，用于在用电高峰时段，若空气源热泵所发出的热量/冷量大于温度阈值，则控制所述分布式光伏单元进行并网或者使得空气源热泵停止工作；The third execution subunit is used to control the distributed photovoltaic unit to connect to the grid or stop the air source heat pump if the heat/cooling capacity emitted by the air source heat pump is greater than the temperature threshold during the peak period of electricity consumption;
第四执行子单元，用于在用电低谷时段，若空气源热泵所发出的热量/冷量大于预先定义的温度阈值，则对空气源热泵进行模糊控制。The fourth execution sub-unit is used to perform fuzzy control on the air source heat pump if the heat/cooling capacity emitted by the air source heat pump is greater than a predefined temperature threshold during the low power consumption period.
优选的，所述分布式光伏单元包括：太阳能光伏板、直流汇流箱光伏并网逆变器；Preferably, the distributed photovoltaic unit includes: a solar photovoltaic panel, a DC combiner box photovoltaic grid-connected inverter;
其中，所述太阳能光伏板连接所述直流汇流箱，所述直流汇流箱连接所述光伏并网逆变器，所述光伏并网逆变器的一端与所述空气源热泵单元连接，另一端与所述电网连接，进行并网。Wherein, the solar photovoltaic panel is connected to the DC combiner box, the DC combiner box is connected to the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter, one end of the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter is connected to the air source heat pump unit, and the other end Connect to the grid for grid connection.
进一步地，所述太阳能光伏板，用于产生直流电；Further, the solar photovoltaic panel is used to generate direct current;
所述直流汇流箱，用于并联接入若干个光伏矩阵，进行汇流；The DC combiner box is used to connect several photovoltaic matrices in parallel for confluence;
所述光伏并网逆变器，用于将直流电转换成交流电。The photovoltaic grid-connected inverter is used to convert direct current into alternating current.
优选的，所述空气源热泵单元，包括：冷凝器、压缩机、储液罐、气液分离器、膨胀阀，电磁四通阀和蒸发器；所述电磁四通阀分别和压缩机的吸气口、排气口、冷凝器的入口端和蒸发器的出口端连接，所述压缩机的排气端与所述冷凝器入口端连接，冷凝器的出口端与所述储液罐一端连接，储液罐的另一端与所述膨胀阀入口连接，膨胀阀的出口端与所述蒸发器入口端相连，蒸发器的出口端与所述气液分离器的入口连接，气液分离器的出口端与所述压缩机的吸气口连接。Preferably, the air source heat pump unit includes: a condenser, a compressor, a liquid storage tank, a gas-liquid separator, an expansion valve, an electromagnetic four-way valve and an evaporator; The air port, the exhaust port, the inlet end of the condenser are connected to the outlet end of the evaporator, the exhaust end of the compressor is connected to the inlet end of the condenser, and the outlet end of the condenser is connected to one end of the liquid storage tank , the other end of the liquid storage tank is connected to the inlet of the expansion valve, the outlet of the expansion valve is connected to the inlet of the evaporator, the outlet of the evaporator is connected to the inlet of the gas-liquid separator, and the gas-liquid separator The outlet end is connected with the suction port of the compressor.
进一步地，所述冷凝器，用于将高温液体或者气体的温度冷凝到预先设定的输出温度，再将已降温的液体输入至所述储液罐；Further, the condenser is used to condense the temperature of the high-temperature liquid or gas to a preset output temperature, and then input the cooled liquid to the liquid storage tank;
所述压缩机，用于接收所述气液分离器传送的气体，并将该气体转换为高温高压的气体；The compressor is used to receive the gas delivered by the gas-liquid separator and convert the gas into high-temperature and high-pressure gas;
所述储液罐，用于存储所述冷凝器传送的已降温的液体；The liquid storage tank is used to store the cooled liquid delivered by the condenser;
所述气液分离器，用于接收所述蒸发器传送的气液混合物体，并将该气液混合物中的气体和液体分离；The gas-liquid separator is used to receive the gas-liquid mixture delivered by the evaporator, and separate the gas and liquid in the gas-liquid mixture;
所述膨胀阀，用于控制所述储液罐与所述蒸发器之间的连接关系；The expansion valve is used to control the connection relationship between the liquid storage tank and the evaporator;
所述电磁四通阀，用于改变压缩机制冷和制热两种工况；The electromagnetic four-way valve is used to change the two working conditions of the compressor, refrigeration and heating;
所述蒸发器，用于吸收空气中的热量，并将该热量气化为气液混合物。The evaporator is used to absorb the heat in the air and vaporize the heat into a gas-liquid mixture.
优选的，所述协同运行控制系统还包括与空气源热泵单元连接的水循环单元，用于将空气源热泵产生的热量发送至用户。Preferably, the cooperative operation control system further includes a water circulation unit connected to the air source heat pump unit, for sending the heat generated by the air source heat pump to users.
进一步地，所述水循环单元包括：室内供暖末端和循环水泵；Further, the water circulation unit includes: an indoor heating terminal and a circulating water pump;
其中，所述循环水泵与室内供暖末端的进水口连接，室内供暖末端的出水口与空气源热泵单元中冷凝器的进水端连接，所述循环水泵与空气源热泵单元中冷凝器出水端连接。Wherein, the circulating water pump is connected to the water inlet of the indoor heating terminal, the water outlet of the indoor heating terminal is connected to the water inlet of the condenser in the air source heat pump unit, and the circulating water pump is connected to the water outlet of the condenser in the air source heat pump unit .
进一步地，所述控制模块包括：第一温度传感器、第二温度传感器、第三温度传感器、第四温度传感器、第五温度传感器、第六温度传感器、第一压力传感器、第二压力传感器和控制器；Further, the control module includes: a first temperature sensor, a second temperature sensor, a third temperature sensor, a fourth temperature sensor, a fifth temperature sensor, a sixth temperature sensor, a first pressure sensor, a second pressure sensor and a control device;
所述第一温度传感器安装于水循环单元的循环水泵与室内供水末端之间，所述第二温度传感器安装于水循环单元的室内供暖末端与冷凝器之间；所述第三温度传感器安装于空气源热泵单元的冷凝器和储液罐之间；所述第四温度传感器安装于空气源热泵单元的储液罐与蒸发器之间；所述的第五温度传感器和第一压力传感器安装于空气源热泵单元的气液分离器和压缩机之间；所述第六温度传感器和第二压力传感器安装于空气源热泵单元的压缩机和冷凝器之间；The first temperature sensor is installed between the circulating water pump of the water circulation unit and the indoor water supply terminal, the second temperature sensor is installed between the indoor heating terminal of the water circulation unit and the condenser; the third temperature sensor is installed at the air source Between the condenser and the liquid storage tank of the heat pump unit; the fourth temperature sensor is installed between the liquid storage tank and the evaporator of the air source heat pump unit; the fifth temperature sensor and the first pressure sensor are installed at the air source Between the gas-liquid separator and the compressor of the heat pump unit; the sixth temperature sensor and the second pressure sensor are installed between the compressor and the condenser of the air source heat pump unit;
所述控制器分别与空气源热泵单元的压缩机、空气源热泵单元的电磁四通阀、空气源热泵单元的膨胀阀及水循环单元的循环水泵连接。The controller is respectively connected with the compressor of the air source heat pump unit, the electromagnetic four-way valve of the air source heat pump unit, the expansion valve of the air source heat pump unit and the circulating water pump of the water circulation unit.
进一步地，所述控制器，用于以多个压力传感器和温度传感器回传的数值，以及环境温度为输入，计算膨胀阀的模糊控制参数。Further, the controller is used to calculate the fuzzy control parameters of the expansion valve by using the values returned by multiple pressure sensors and temperature sensors, as well as the ambient temperature as inputs.
进一步地，通过下式确定膨胀阀的模糊控制参数：Further, the fuzzy control parameters of the expansion valve are determined by the following formula:
其中，wi表示温度传感器回传的环境温度对应的模糊变量,ai表示温度传感器回传的水温对应的模糊变量,y*为膨胀阀的模糊控制参数，为第i个模糊集的中心，W为模糊集中心的数量。Among them, w i represents the fuzzy variable corresponding to the ambient temperature returned by the temperature sensor, a i represents the fuzzy variable corresponding to the water temperature returned by the temperature sensor, and y * is the fuzzy control parameter of the expansion valve, is the center of the i-th fuzzy set, and W is the number of fuzzy set centers.
与最接近的现有技术相比，本发明具有的有益效果如下：Compared with the closest prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
本发明提供一种能源协同运行控制系统，包括：分布式光伏单元、空气源热泵单元和控制模块；The invention provides an energy coordinated operation control system, including: a distributed photovoltaic unit, an air source heat pump unit and a control module;
本发明对空气源热泵进行供电方面，将分布式发电系统和空气源热泵结合在一起，分布式光伏单元与空气源热泵单元单向连接，空气源热泵单元与控制模块双向连接，所述分布式光伏单元与电网双向连接；，摒弃传统的单一电网供电方式，光伏直接对空气源热泵进行供电，光伏发出的电不足从电网获取，余量上网。一方面，可以缓解电网供电压力和局部用电紧张状况，提高电网的可靠性和稳定性；另一方面，空气源热泵可以缓解建筑能耗的紧张状况，减少化石能源的利用，增加能源利用率；同时对于缓解环境污染有巨大的作用。In terms of power supply for the air source heat pump, the present invention combines the distributed power generation system and the air source heat pump together, the distributed photovoltaic unit is connected to the air source heat pump unit in one direction, and the air source heat pump unit is connected to the control module in two directions. The photovoltaic unit is connected to the grid in two directions; abandoning the traditional single grid power supply method, the photovoltaic directly supplies power to the air source heat pump, and the insufficient electricity generated by the photovoltaic is obtained from the grid, and the remainder is connected to the grid. On the one hand, it can alleviate the power supply pressure of the power grid and local power consumption tension, and improve the reliability and stability of the power grid; on the other hand, the air source heat pump can alleviate the tension of building energy consumption, reduce the use of fossil energy, and increase energy utilization. ; At the same time, it has a huge effect on alleviating environmental pollution.
其中，分布式光伏单元，用于在用电高峰期向空气源热泵供电或与电网并网；在白天时，即用电高峰时段，光伏给热空气源泵供电，热泵产生的热量用于用电高峰的供暖，多余的电量进行并网；在黑天时，即用电低谷时段，电网给热泵进行供电，满足用户供暖需求，充分利用了谷期电力，为用户节省了用电费用，缓解了电网峰谷差，节约了能源。空气源热泵单元，用于利用低位热源进行热能供暖。Among them, the distributed photovoltaic unit is used to supply power to the air source heat pump during the peak period of electricity consumption or to be connected to the grid; Heating during electricity peaks, and the excess electricity is connected to the grid; in the dark, that is, during the low electricity consumption period, the grid supplies power to the heat pump to meet the heating needs of users, make full use of the electricity in the valley period, and save electricity costs for users. The power grid has poor peak and valley, which saves energy. The air source heat pump unit is used for thermal heating with low-level heat sources.
控制模块，用于根据预先定义的控制策略，控制分布式光伏单元对空气源热泵单元进行供电，使得温度值处于预先定义的温度范围之内；其中预先定义的控制策略，包括控制所述分布式光伏单元进行并网、控制空气源热泵的启停和对空气源热泵进行模糊控制。通过模糊控制可以对用户的室内温度进行有效、实时的调节，实现了按需供暖，节约能源，避免了传统供暖出现的供暖不足或者供暖过多的现象，使得经济效益实现最大化。The control module is used to control the distributed photovoltaic unit to supply power to the air source heat pump unit according to a predefined control strategy, so that the temperature value is within a predefined temperature range; wherein the predefined control strategy includes controlling the distributed The photovoltaic unit is connected to the grid, controls the start and stop of the air source heat pump, and performs fuzzy control on the air source heat pump. Through fuzzy control, the user's indoor temperature can be adjusted effectively and in real time, realizing on-demand heating, saving energy, avoiding the phenomenon of insufficient heating or excessive heating in traditional heating, and maximizing economic benefits.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明实施例中提供的一种能源协同运行的控制系统的结构示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a control system for energy coordinated operation provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
图2是本发明实施例中提供的能源协同运行控制系统的应用场景结构示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an application scenario of an energy coordinated operation control system provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
其中，太阳能光伏板1，直流汇流箱2，并网逆变器3，电网4，压缩机5，气液分离器6，电磁四通阀7，蒸发器8，膨胀阀9，储液罐10，冷凝器11，循环水泵12，室内供暖末端13，控制器14，第二温度传感器15，第一温度传感器16，第三温度传感器17，第六温度传感器18，第二压力传感器19，第五温度传感器20，第一压力传感器21，第四温度传感器22，环境温度传感器23；Among them, solar photovoltaic panel 1, DC combiner box 2, grid-connected inverter 3, power grid 4, compressor 5, gas-liquid separator 6, electromagnetic four-way valve 7, evaporator 8, expansion valve 9, liquid storage tank 10 , condenser 11, circulating water pump 12, indoor heating terminal 13, controller 14, second temperature sensor 15, first temperature sensor 16, third temperature sensor 17, sixth temperature sensor 18, second pressure sensor 19, fifth A temperature sensor 20, a first pressure sensor 21, a fourth temperature sensor 22, and an ambient temperature sensor 23;
图3是本发明实施例中提供的环境温度和水温的三角形隶属度函数示意图；Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the triangular membership function of ambient temperature and water temperature provided in the embodiment of the present invention;
图4是本发明实施例中提供的输出量隶属度函数示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of an output membership function provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图，对本发明方法的实施方案详细描述。Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the embodiment of the method of the present invention is described in detail.
随着经济和社会的迅猛发展对电力增长的迫切需求和对供暖、供冷以及供热水的需求的不断增多，造成了电力部门供电紧张，化石能源消耗严重，环境污染严重的现象。针对这些现象，本发明提出一种能源协同运行控制系统，分布式光伏发电和空气源热泵对于减少环境污染和可再生能源利用具有十分重要的意义。With the rapid economic and social development, the urgent demand for power growth and the increasing demand for heating, cooling and hot water supply have resulted in the shortage of power supply in the power sector, serious consumption of fossil energy, and serious environmental pollution. Aiming at these phenomena, the present invention proposes an energy cooperative operation control system. Distributed photovoltaic power generation and air source heat pump are of great significance for reducing environmental pollution and utilizing renewable energy.
一方面，可以缓解电网供电压力和局部用电紧张状况，提高电网的可靠性和稳定性；另一方面，空气源热泵可以缓解建筑能耗的紧张状况，减少化石能源的利用，增加能源利用率。同时对于缓解环境污染有巨大的作用。On the one hand, it can alleviate the power supply pressure of the power grid and local power consumption tension, and improve the reliability and stability of the power grid; on the other hand, the air source heat pump can alleviate the tension of building energy consumption, reduce the use of fossil energy, and increase energy utilization. . At the same time, it has a huge effect on alleviating environmental pollution.
如图1所示的系统，包括：分布式光伏单元101、空气源热泵单元102和控制模块104，分布式光伏单元与空气源热泵单元单向连接，所述空气源热泵单元与控制模块双向连接，所述分布式光伏单元与电网双向连接；其中，The system shown in Figure 1 includes: a distributed photovoltaic unit 101, an air source heat pump unit 102 and a control module 104, the distributed photovoltaic unit is connected to the air source heat pump unit in one direction, and the air source heat pump unit is connected to the control module in two directions , the distributed photovoltaic unit is bidirectionally connected to the grid; wherein,
分布式光伏单元101，用于在用电高峰期向空气源热泵供电或与电网并网；The distributed photovoltaic unit 101 is used to supply power to the air source heat pump or connect to the grid during the peak period of electricity consumption;
空气源热泵单元102，用于利用低位热源进行热能供暖；The air source heat pump unit 102 is used for heating with low-level heat sources;
水循环单元103，用于将空气源热泵产生的热量发送至用户；The water circulation unit 103 is used to send the heat generated by the air source heat pump to the user;
控制模块104，用于根据预先定义的控制策略，控制分布式光伏单元对空气源热泵单元进行供电，使得温度值处于预先定义的温度范围之内；其中预先定义的控制策略，包括控制所述分布式光伏单元进行并网、控制空气源热泵的启停和对空气源热泵进行模糊控制。具体地，在白天(或者有光的条件下)控制分布式光伏单元对空气源热泵单元进行供电，若空气源热泵所发出的热量(或冷量)大于用户需求，则控制所述分布式光伏单元进行并网，空气源热泵停止工作。同时考虑在光伏发电给空气源热泵供电时从电网的售电电价和购电电价，当某一时间电网对光伏的购电电价大于售电电价时，控制光伏发电全部上网，热泵用电由电网供给；当某一时间电网对光伏的购电电价小于售电电价时，控制光伏发电直接对空气源热泵进行供电，当光伏发电出现剩余时，进行上网。在电价低谷时控制电网对空气源热泵进行供电，使得经济效益实现最大化。The control module 104 is configured to control the distributed photovoltaic unit to supply power to the air source heat pump unit according to a predefined control strategy, so that the temperature value is within a predefined temperature range; wherein the predefined control strategy includes controlling the distribution Grid-connected photovoltaic units, control the start and stop of the air source heat pump and fuzzy control of the air source heat pump. Specifically, control the distributed photovoltaic unit to supply power to the air source heat pump unit during the day (or when there is light). The unit is connected to the grid, and the air source heat pump stops working. At the same time, when the photovoltaic power generation supplies power to the air source heat pump, the electricity sales price and the electricity purchase price from the grid are considered. When the electricity purchase price of the grid for photovoltaic power is greater than the electricity sales price at a certain time, all photovoltaic power generation is controlled to be connected to the grid, and the electricity used by the heat pump is supplied by the grid. Supply; when the power purchase price of photovoltaic power from the grid is lower than the power sale price at a certain time, the photovoltaic power generation is controlled to directly supply power to the air source heat pump, and when there is a surplus of photovoltaic power generation, it is connected to the grid. When the electricity price is low, the power grid is controlled to supply power to the air source heat pump, so as to maximize the economic benefits.
此外，该能源的协同运行控制系统还包括与空气源热泵单元连接的水循环单元103，用于将空气源热泵产生的热量发送至用户。In addition, the energy cooperative operation control system also includes a water circulation unit 103 connected with the air source heat pump unit, for sending the heat generated by the air source heat pump to users.
如图2所示，分布式光伏单元101，包括：太阳能光伏板1，直流汇流箱2，光伏并网逆变器3，电网4。其中，所述太阳能光伏板1连接所述直流汇流箱2，所述直流汇流箱2连接所述光伏并网逆变器3，所述光伏并网逆变器3和所述空气源热泵单元102连接，并且所述光伏并网逆变器3和所述电网4连接，进行并网。As shown in FIG. 2 , the distributed photovoltaic unit 101 includes: a solar photovoltaic panel 1 , a DC combiner box 2 , a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter 3 , and a grid 4 . Wherein, the solar photovoltaic panel 1 is connected to the DC combiner box 2, the DC combiner box 2 is connected to the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter 3, the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter 3 and the air source heat pump unit 102 connected, and the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter 3 is connected to the grid 4 for grid-connection.
所述太阳能光伏板1，用于产生直流电；所述直流汇流箱2，用于并联接入若干个光伏矩阵，进行汇流；所述光伏并网逆变器3，用于将直流电转换成交流电；The solar photovoltaic panel 1 is used to generate direct current; the direct current combiner box 2 is used to connect several photovoltaic matrices in parallel for confluence; the photovoltaic grid-connected inverter 3 is used to convert direct current into alternating current;
例如，分布式光伏单元101，通过太阳能光伏板1将太阳能转化为电能，经过光伏转化过来的直流电经过直流汇流箱2进行汇流，在直流汇流箱2里配置了光伏专用直流防雷模块、直流熔断器和断路器等，方便用户及时准确的掌握光伏电池的工作情况；经过直流汇流箱2的直流电经过并网逆变器3之后变成可以并网的交流电，可以将所发出的电能进行并网或者给压缩机进行供电；分布式光伏单元的特征是当光伏发电装置正常发电时，光伏在某一时段发出的电首先和电网的购电电价和售电电价进行对比，如果购电电价小于售电电价，则优先给压缩机使用，如果购电电价大于售电电价，则全部的光伏发电进行并网，利用电网对压缩机进行供电，当光伏发出的点无法满足压缩机正常运转时，电网和光伏一起供电或者电网自己供电，有多余的电量也可以向电网进行售卖，从而达到节约能源，经济最优的目的。For example, the distributed photovoltaic unit 101 converts solar energy into electric energy through the solar photovoltaic panel 1, and the direct current converted by the photovoltaic is combined through the direct current combiner box 2, and the direct current lightning protection module dedicated to photovoltaic and the direct current fuse It is convenient for users to grasp the working conditions of photovoltaic cells in a timely and accurate manner; the DC power passing through the DC combiner box 2 becomes AC power that can be connected to the grid after passing through the grid-connected inverter 3, and the generated electric energy can be connected to the grid. Or supply power to the compressor; the characteristic of the distributed photovoltaic unit is that when the photovoltaic power generation device is generating electricity normally, the electricity generated by photovoltaics in a certain period of time is first compared with the electricity purchase price and electricity sale price of the grid. If the electricity price is higher than the electricity price, the compressor will be used first. If the electricity purchase price is higher than the electricity sales price, all photovoltaic power generation will be connected to the grid, and the power grid will be used to supply power to the compressor. When the photovoltaic power generation point cannot meet the normal operation of the compressor, the grid Power supply together with photovoltaics or the grid itself, and the excess electricity can also be sold to the grid, so as to achieve the purpose of saving energy and optimizing the economy.
所述空气源热泵单元102，如图2所示，包括：冷凝器11、压缩机5、储液罐10、气液分离器6、膨胀阀9，电磁四通阀7和蒸发器8；所述电磁四通阀7分别和压缩机5的吸气口、排气口、冷凝器11的入口端和蒸发器的出口端连接，所述压缩机5的排气端与所述冷凝器11入口端连接，冷凝器的11出口端与所述储液罐10一端连接，储液罐10的另一端与所述膨胀阀9入口连接，膨胀阀9的出口端与所述蒸发器8入口端相连，蒸发器8的出口端与气液分离器6的入口连接，气液分离器6的出口端与所述压缩机5的吸气口连接。The air source heat pump unit 102, as shown in Figure 2, includes: a condenser 11, a compressor 5, a liquid storage tank 10, a gas-liquid separator 6, an expansion valve 9, an electromagnetic four-way valve 7 and an evaporator 8; The electromagnetic four-way valve 7 is respectively connected with the suction port of the compressor 5, the exhaust port, the inlet end of the condenser 11 and the outlet end of the evaporator, and the exhaust end of the compressor 5 is connected with the inlet port of the condenser 11. The outlet end of the condenser 11 is connected to one end of the liquid storage tank 10, the other end of the liquid storage tank 10 is connected to the inlet of the expansion valve 9, and the outlet end of the expansion valve 9 is connected to the inlet end of the evaporator 8 , the outlet of the evaporator 8 is connected to the inlet of the gas-liquid separator 6 , and the outlet of the gas-liquid separator 6 is connected to the suction port of the compressor 5 .
冷凝器11，用于将高温液体或气体的温度冷凝到设定输出的温度，再将已降温的液体输入至所述储液罐10；压缩机5，用于接收所述气液分离器6传送的气体，并将该气体转换为高温高压的气体；储液罐10，用于存储所述冷凝器11传送的已降温的液体；气液分离器6，用于接收所述蒸发器8传送的气液混合物体，并将该气液混合物中的气体和液体分离；膨胀阀9，用于控制所述储液罐10与所述蒸发器8之间的连接关系；电磁四通阀7，用于改变压缩机5制冷和制热两种工况；所述蒸发器8，用于吸收空气中的热量，并将该热量气化为气液混合物。The condenser 11 is used to condense the temperature of the high-temperature liquid or gas to the set output temperature, and then input the cooled liquid to the liquid storage tank 10; the compressor 5 is used to receive the gas-liquid separator 6 The gas transmitted, and the gas is converted into high-temperature and high-pressure gas; the liquid storage tank 10 is used to store the cooled liquid transmitted by the condenser 11; the gas-liquid separator 6 is used to receive the liquid transmitted by the evaporator 8 The gas-liquid mixture, and the gas and liquid in the gas-liquid mixture are separated; the expansion valve 9 is used to control the connection relationship between the liquid storage tank 10 and the evaporator 8; the electromagnetic four-way valve 7, It is used to change the cooling and heating working conditions of the compressor 5; the evaporator 8 is used to absorb the heat in the air and vaporize the heat into a gas-liquid mixture.
例如，空气源热泵单元102，通过通讯线发出控制命令，开启压缩机5和膨胀阀9，当冷凝器11内失去一定热量的液体到达储液罐10后，通过膨胀阀9成为低温低压的湿蒸汽，这些低温低压的湿蒸汽通过蒸发器8吸收空气中的热量，并进行气化，气化后的气体通过气液分离器6将从蒸发器8过来的气液混合物进行分离，分离后的气体通过压缩机5，成为了高温高压的气体，并通过冷凝器11对循环水进行能量交换，空气源热泵利用低位热源的热能进行供暖，从蒸发器8中吸收的能量连同压缩机5消耗功所转化的能量在冷凝器11中冷却介质带走，达到制热的目的；当需要制冷的时候，开启电磁四通阀7，压缩机5的排气端和吸气口与冷凝器11的入口端和气液分离器的出口端反向连接，达到制冷的效果。For example, the air source heat pump unit 102 sends a control command through the communication line to turn on the compressor 5 and the expansion valve 9. When the liquid in the condenser 11 that has lost a certain amount of heat reaches the liquid storage tank 10, it passes through the expansion valve 9 to become low-temperature and low-pressure wet. Steam, these low-temperature and low-pressure wet steam absorb the heat in the air through the evaporator 8, and are gasified, and the gasified gas passes through the gas-liquid separator 6 to separate the gas-liquid mixture coming from the evaporator 8, and the separated The gas passes through the compressor 5 and becomes a high-temperature and high-pressure gas, and exchanges energy with the circulating water through the condenser 11. The air source heat pump uses the heat energy of the low-level heat source for heating, and the energy absorbed from the evaporator 8 together with the work consumed by the compressor 5 The converted energy is taken away by the cooling medium in the condenser 11 to achieve the purpose of heating; when refrigeration is required, the electromagnetic four-way valve 7 is opened, and the exhaust end and suction port of the compressor 5 are connected to the inlet of the condenser 11 The end and the outlet end of the gas-liquid separator are reversely connected to achieve the cooling effect.
水循环单元103，如图2所示，包括：循环水泵12、室内供暖末端13；所述循环水泵12与室内供暖末端13进水口连接，室内供暖末端13出水口与空气源热泵单元102中冷凝器11的进水端连接，所述循环水泵12与空气源热泵单元102中冷凝器11出水端连接。The water circulation unit 103, as shown in Figure 2, includes: a circulating water pump 12, an indoor heating terminal 13; the circulating water pump 12 is connected to the water inlet of the indoor heating terminal 13, and the water outlet of the indoor heating terminal 13 is connected to the condenser in the air source heat pump unit 11 is connected to the water inlet, and the circulating water pump 12 is connected to the water outlet of the condenser 11 in the air source heat pump unit 102 .
其中，通过通讯线发出控制命令，开启循环水泵12循环水在水循环线路内流动，在冷凝器处11，降低热量的循环水吸收空气源热泵单元102产生的热量，流动至室内供暖末端13，室内供暖末端13经过热交换的低温循环水水流至空气源热泵单元102中的冷凝器11，再次进行吸收热量。Among them, a control command is issued through the communication line, the circulating water pump 12 is turned on, and the circulating water flows in the water circulation circuit. At the condenser 11, the circulating water with reduced heat absorbs the heat generated by the air source heat pump unit 102, and flows to the indoor heating terminal 13. The heat-exchanged low-temperature circulating water at the heating terminal 13 flows to the condenser 11 in the air source heat pump unit 102 to absorb heat again.
所述控制模块104，包括：The control module 104 includes:
检测单元，用于检测时间范围判断用电峰谷时段；The detection unit is used to detect the time range and judge the peak and valley periods of electricity consumption;
获取单元，用于获取在光伏发电给空气源热泵供电时，电网的售电电价和购电电价；The obtaining unit is used to obtain the electricity sales price and the electricity purchase price of the grid when the photovoltaic power generation supplies power to the air source heat pump;
预定义单元，用于将室内温度的平均值定义为温度阈值；所述室内温度通过温度传感器采集获取，所述温度传感器为多个，且置于不同的房屋内；The predefined unit is used to define the average value of the indoor temperature as a temperature threshold; the indoor temperature is collected and acquired by a temperature sensor, and there are multiple temperature sensors placed in different houses;
比较单元，用于空气源热泵所发出的热量/冷量与预先定义的温度阈值的高低；The comparison unit is used for the heat/cooling capacity emitted by the air source heat pump and the pre-defined temperature threshold;
选取单元，用于根据所述获取单元的获取信息选择空气源热泵的供电端；a selection unit, configured to select the power supply end of the air source heat pump according to the information acquired by the acquisition unit;
管理单元，用于根据所述检测单元获得的检测结果和执行比较单元获得的比较信息，对空气源热泵进行管理。The management unit is configured to manage the air source heat pump according to the detection result obtained by the detection unit and the comparison information obtained by the execution comparison unit.
其中，选取单元包括：Among them, the selected units include:
第一执行子单元，用于当当前时间段的电网对光伏的购电电价大于售电电价时，控制光伏发电全部上网，空气源热泵用电由电网供给；The first execution sub-unit is used to control all the photovoltaic power generation to be connected to the grid when the power purchase price of the power grid for photovoltaics in the current time period is greater than the power sales price, and the power used by the air source heat pump is supplied by the power grid;
第二执行子单元，用于当当前时间段的电网对光伏的购电电价小于售电电价时，控制光伏发电直接对空气源热泵进行供电，当光伏发电出现剩余时，进行上网。The second execution subunit is used to control the photovoltaic power generation to directly supply power to the air source heat pump when the power purchase price of photovoltaic power in the current time period is lower than the power sale price, and to connect to the grid when there is a surplus of photovoltaic power generation.
管理单元，包括：Snap-ins, including:
第三执行子单元，用于在用电高峰时段，若空气源热泵所发出的热量/冷量大于温度阈值，则控制所述分布式光伏单元进行并网或者使得空气源热泵停止工作；The third execution subunit is used to control the distributed photovoltaic unit to connect to the grid or stop the air source heat pump if the heat/cooling capacity emitted by the air source heat pump is greater than the temperature threshold during the peak period of electricity consumption;
第四执行子单元，用于在用电低谷时段，若空气源热泵所发出的热量/冷量大于预先定义的温度阈值，则对空气源热泵进行模糊控制。The fourth execution sub-unit is used to perform fuzzy control on the air source heat pump if the heat/cooling capacity emitted by the air source heat pump is greater than a predefined temperature threshold during the low power consumption period.
此外，控制模块104还包括如图2所示的第一温度传感器16、第二温度传感器15、第三温度传感器17、第四温度传感器22、第五温度传感器20、第六温度传感器18、第一压力传感器21、第二压力传感器19，环境温度传感器23和控制器14；In addition, the control module 104 also includes a first temperature sensor 16, a second temperature sensor 15, a third temperature sensor 17, a fourth temperature sensor 22, a fifth temperature sensor 20, a sixth temperature sensor 18, a A pressure sensor 21, a second pressure sensor 19, an ambient temperature sensor 23 and a controller 14;
所述第一温度传感器16安装于水循环单元103的循环水泵12与室内供水末端13之间，所述第二温度传感器15安装于水循环单元103的室内供暖末端13与冷凝器11之间；所述第三温度传感器17安装于空气源热泵单元102的冷凝器11和储液罐10之间；所述第四温度传感器22安装于空气源热泵单元102的储液罐10与蒸发器8之间；所述的第五温度传感器20和第一压力传感器21安装于空气源热泵单元102的气液分离器6和压缩机5之间；所述第六温度传感器48和第二压力传感器49安装于空气源热泵单元102的压缩机5和冷凝器11之间。The first temperature sensor 16 is installed between the circulating water pump 12 of the water circulation unit 103 and the indoor water supply terminal 13, and the second temperature sensor 15 is installed between the indoor heating terminal 13 of the water circulation unit 103 and the condenser 11; The third temperature sensor 17 is installed between the condenser 11 and the liquid storage tank 10 of the air source heat pump unit 102; the fourth temperature sensor 22 is installed between the liquid storage tank 10 and the evaporator 8 of the air source heat pump unit 102; The fifth temperature sensor 20 and the first pressure sensor 21 are installed between the gas-liquid separator 6 and the compressor 5 of the air source heat pump unit 102; the sixth temperature sensor 48 and the second pressure sensor 49 are installed in the air between the compressor 5 and the condenser 11 of the source heat pump unit 102 .
控制模块根据采集到的6个温度传感器的温度、2个压力传感器的压力和环境温度作为控制器输入条件，用来调控机组运行时电子膨胀阀的输出脉冲量，根据电子膨胀阀的不同开度来控制工质流量，达到控制温度的效果。The control module takes the collected temperature of 6 temperature sensors, the pressure of 2 pressure sensors and the ambient temperature as the input conditions of the controller to regulate the output pulse amount of the electronic expansion valve when the unit is running. According to the different opening degrees of the electronic expansion valve To control the flow of working fluid and achieve the effect of temperature control.
其控制过程例如，当室内供暖末端13需要供暖时，控制器14通过通讯线发出一下控制命令：开启循环水泵12，压缩机5和膨胀阀9，是压缩机5开始工作，白天有光照环境下，太阳能光伏板1发电，根据电网的购售电价不同利用太阳能光伏板1发出的电或者电网4的电对压缩机5供电，当利用太阳能光伏板1发出的电对压缩机5进行供电时，电量多余情况下向电网售电，夜间或者白天无光照条件下，电网4对压缩机5进行供电；同时，温度传感器采集室外和工质温度，根据控制器14对膨胀阀9进行调节，使温度处于正常水平。当环境温度较高，不需要热泵进行供暖，控制器14通过通讯线发出关闭压缩机5、循环水泵12和膨胀阀9的命令或者打开电磁四通阀7，热泵运行在制冷状态。The control process is, for example, when the indoor heating terminal 13 needs to be heated, the controller 14 sends a control command through the communication line: turn on the circulating water pump 12, the compressor 5 and the expansion valve 9, and the compressor 5 starts to work. , the solar photovoltaic panel 1 generates power, and the compressor 5 is powered by the electricity generated by the solar photovoltaic panel 1 or by the electricity of the grid 4 according to the different purchase and sale prices of the grid. When the electricity generated by the solar photovoltaic panel 1 is used to supply power to the compressor 5, Sell electricity to the grid when there is excess electricity, and at night or during the day without light, the grid 4 supplies power to the compressor 5; at the same time, the temperature sensor collects the temperature of the outdoor and the working medium, and adjusts the expansion valve 9 according to the controller 14, so that the temperature at normal levels. When the ambient temperature is high and the heat pump is not needed for heating, the controller 14 sends an order to close the compressor 5, the circulating water pump 12 and the expansion valve 9 or open the electromagnetic four-way valve 7 through the communication line, and the heat pump operates in a cooling state.
进一步的，模糊控制作为公知的现有技术，应用于本发明提供的实施例中，其控制原理如下：Further, fuzzy control, as a well-known prior art, is applied in the embodiments provided by the present invention, and its control principle is as follows:
步骤1：输入参数和输出参数模糊化。空气源热泵热水器工作环境温度范围通常在-10℃～40℃之间，而受压缩机等条件的限制，目标水温一般设定为55℃，图3为环境温度和水温的三角形隶属度函数，它把环境温度和水温分为11个等级，每个等级对应一个模糊变量，并对应一个隶属函数。水温和环境温度的模糊变量分别表示为Twi和Tai，其中i＝1,2…11，这样就完成了对精确输入量的模糊化过程。同理，根据电子膨胀阀不同开度下的脉冲响应特性，将输出量转换为模糊集合，输出量隶属度函数如图4所示。Step 1: Fuzzy input parameters and output parameters. The working environment temperature range of the air source heat pump water heater is usually between -10°C and 40°C. However, due to the limitation of the compressor and other conditions, the target water temperature is generally set at 55°C. Figure 3 shows the triangular membership function of the ambient temperature and the water temperature. It divides ambient temperature and water temperature into 11 grades, each grade corresponds to a fuzzy variable and corresponds to a membership function. The fuzzy variables of the water temperature and the ambient temperature are expressed as T wi and Tai respectively, where i =1, 2...11, thus completing the fuzzy process of the precise input. In the same way, according to the impulse response characteristics of the electronic expansion valve under different openings, the output volume is converted into a fuzzy set, and the membership function of the output volume is shown in Figure 4.
步骤2：模糊规则表的制定及解模糊方法。实验发现，环境温度越高，阀门理想的初始开度应该越大，而水温越高，阀门理想的初始开度应该越小，同时发现，阀门理想的初始开度主要取决于环境温度，水温对它的影响相对较小，并且当环境温度在中间某一区域时，阀门理想的初始开度随环境温度的变化十分明显；而对于脉冲量，当环境温度较高时对应较大的脉冲输出量，当水温较高时，则对应较小的脉冲输出量。根据上述经验，采用if-then表达语句，总结出如下推理规则：If Tw为Twi，Ta为Tai，then阀门的初始开度为fm，脉冲输出量为un。Step 2: Formulation of fuzzy rule table and defuzzification method. The experiment found that the higher the ambient temperature, the larger the ideal initial opening of the valve should be, and the higher the water temperature, the smaller the ideal initial opening of the valve should be. At the same time, it was found that the ideal initial opening of the valve mainly depends on the ambient temperature, and the water temperature has an effect on the valve. Its influence is relatively small, and when the ambient temperature is in a certain area in the middle, the ideal initial opening of the valve changes significantly with the ambient temperature; and for the pulse amount, when the ambient temperature is high, it corresponds to a larger pulse output , when the water temperature is higher, it corresponds to a smaller pulse output. According to the above experience, using the if-then expression sentence, the following reasoning rules are summarized: If T w is T wi , T a is Tai , then the initial opening of the valve is f m , and the pulse output is u n .
步骤3：解模糊算法。解模糊算法有多种方法，最简单的是最大隶属度方法，但此种方法未顾及其他隶属度较小的值；重心法是通过计算整个采样点的重心来求得输出量，具有较高的精度，但这种方法计算较为复杂，对计算要求高；中心平均解模糊器法就是将M个模糊集中心的加权平均，其权重等于相应模糊集的高度，由于它计算简便，精度也较高，因此本文采用中心平均解模糊器法作为解模糊判据，公式如下：Step 3: Defuzzification algorithm. There are many methods for defuzzification algorithm, the simplest is the maximum membership degree method, but this method does not take into account other values with smaller membership degrees; the center of gravity method obtains the output by calculating the center of gravity of the entire sampling point, which has a high accuracy, but this method is more complicated to calculate and requires high calculation; the center average defuzzifier method is to take the weighted average of the centers of M fuzzy sets, and its weight is equal to the height of the corresponding fuzzy set. Because it is easy to calculate, the accuracy is relatively high High, so this paper uses the center average defuzzifier method as the defuzzification criterion, the formula is as follows:
其中y*为输出值，为第i个模糊集的中心，wi为对应的权重系数。where y * is the output value, is the center of the i-th fuzzy set, and w i is the corresponding weight coefficient.
本领域内的技术人员应明白，本申请的实施例可提供为方法、系统、或计算机程序产品。因此，本申请可采用完全硬件实施例、完全软件实施例、或结合软件和硬件方面的实施例的形式。而且，本申请可采用在一个或多个其中包含有计算机可用程序代码的计算机可用存储介质(包括但不限于磁盘存储器、CD-ROM、光学存储器等)上实施的计算机程序产品的形式。Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments of the present application may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
本申请是参照根据本申请实施例的方法、设备(系统)、和计算机程序产品的流程图和/或方框图来描述的。应理解可由计算机程序指令实现流程图和/或方框图中的每一流程和/或方框、以及流程图和/或方框图中的流程和/或方框的结合。可提供这些计算机程序指令到通用计算机、专用计算机、嵌入式处理机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器以产生一个机器，使得通过计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备的处理器执行的指令产生用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的装置。The present application is described with reference to flowcharts and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that each procedure and/or block in the flowchart and/or block diagram, and a combination of procedures and/or blocks in the flowchart and/or block diagram can be realized by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or processor of other programmable data processing equipment to produce a machine such that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing equipment produce a An apparatus for realizing the functions specified in one or more procedures of the flowchart and/or one or more blocks of the block diagram.
这些计算机程序指令也可存储在能引导计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备以特定方式工作的计算机可读存储器中，使得存储在该计算机可读存储器中的指令产生包括指令装置的制造品，该指令装置实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能。These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to operate in a specific manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising instruction means, the instructions The device realizes the function specified in one or more procedures of the flowchart and/or one or more blocks of the block diagram.
这些计算机程序指令也可装载到计算机或其他可编程数据处理设备上，使得在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行一系列操作步骤以产生计算机实现的处理，从而在计算机或其他可编程设备上执行的指令提供用于实现在流程图一个流程或多个流程和/或方框图一个方框或多个方框中指定的功能的步骤。These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device, causing a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby The instructions provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flow chart or blocks of the flowchart and/or the block or blocks of the block diagrams.
最后应当说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本申请的技术方案而非对其保护范围的限制，尽管参照上述实施例对本申请进行了详细的说明，所属领域的普通技术人员应当理解：本领域技术人员阅读本申请后依然可对申请的具体实施方式进行种种变更、修改或者等同替换，这些变更、修改或者等同替换，其均在其申请待批的权利要求范围之内。Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application rather than to limit its protection scope. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: After reading this application, those skilled in the art can still make various changes, modifications or equivalent replacements to the specific implementation methods of the application. These changes, modifications or equivalent replacements are all within the scope of the pending claims of the application.
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