CN110553156A - pipeline ultrasonic guided wave compression sensing health monitoring method - Google Patents
pipeline ultrasonic guided wave compression sensing health monitoring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110553156A CN110553156A CN201910817612.2A CN201910817612A CN110553156A CN 110553156 A CN110553156 A CN 110553156A CN 201910817612 A CN201910817612 A CN 201910817612A CN 110553156 A CN110553156 A CN 110553156A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D5/00—Protection or supervision of installations
- F17D5/02—Preventing, monitoring, or locating loss
- F17D5/06—Preventing, monitoring, or locating loss using electric or acoustic means
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pipeline ultrasonic guided wave compression sensing health monitoring method, which comprises the following steps: installing an ultrasonic guided wave transmitting and receiving transducer on a pipeline, enabling a transmitting end of the transducer to excite required modal guided waves, and enabling a receiving end of the transducer to receive corresponding modal guided waves; discrete sampling is carried out on the guided wave to obtain guided wave monitoring data, digital random modulation is carried out on the data to obtain an observation matrix and a measurement vector, and the measurement vector is stored in a corresponding memory; according to the guided wave propagation theory, atoms which propagate different distances are calculated, and a guided wave overcomplete dictionary is constructed; decomposing the measurement vector on a product matrix of an observation matrix and a dictionary by using orthogonal matching pursuit to obtain a sparse vector; defect positioning is carried out according to the position of the nonzero value of the sparse vector, and the defect degree is judged according to the numerical value of the nonzero value; and monitoring for multiple times according to preset time, and performing compressed sensing on the multiple-time monitoring data to obtain the development trend of the defects. The method reduces the data storage capacity and ensures the defect monitoring precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of nondestructive testing, in particular to a pipeline ultrasonic guided wave compression perception health monitoring method.
Background
Pipelines for transporting oil and gas face problems of corrosion and stress during use, and thus defects inevitably occur and the service life of the pipelines is shortened. When oil gas leaks due to defects, safety accidents such as explosion and the like can be caused, and property and personal safety are threatened, so that the pipeline structure needs to be monitored regularly to master the health condition of the pipeline structure. The ultrasonic guided waves provide an effective method for pipeline health monitoring, and the pipeline can be monitored for a long time by using the monitoring scheme of the in-situ sensor, so that the severity of defects can be diagnosed, and the health condition can be predicted. The guided wave can propagate along the pipe for long distances and the guided wave covers the entire pipe wall thickness range, which enables the guided wave to detect pipe surface and internal defects simultaneously. The guided wave is a mechanical wave that interacts with the defect to produce a reflected echo. By analyzing the received echo signals, defect information can be extracted.
However, long-term pipeline monitoring brings a large amount of data, the storage of the data requires a very large amount of memory, and the conventional data compression method may bring information loss, which becomes an important problem restricting pipeline health monitoring. At present, a suitable ultrasonic guided wave data compression recovery method for pipeline health monitoring is lacked. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an effective data compression scheme, retain all the information of the guided wave data, and simultaneously research a reliable guided wave data recovery scheme to recover the monitoring information from the compressed data to obtain the position and severity of the defect in the pipeline.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art.
therefore, the invention aims to provide a pipeline ultrasonic guided wave compression sensing health monitoring method, which greatly reduces the data storage capacity and ensures the monitoring precision of defects.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a pipeline ultrasonic guided wave compression sensing health monitoring method, which comprises the following steps: s1, installing an ultrasonic guided wave transmitting and receiving transducer on the pipeline to be detected; s2, enabling the ultrasonic transmitting and receiving transducer to receive the preset mode guided wave through the preset guided wave excitation frequency; s3, amplifying and filtering the preset mode guided wave, and sampling the processed mode guided wave at a high speed to obtain sampling data; s4, carrying out digital random modulation processing on the sampling data to obtain an observation matrix and a measurement vector, and storing the measurement vector into a memory; s5, calculating atoms which propagate different distances based on the guided wave propagation theory to construct a guided wave overcomplete dictionary; s6, decomposing the measurement vector on the observation matrix and the product matrix of the overcomplete dictionary through orthogonal matching pursuit, and judging whether the residual error is lower than a preset error value; s7, if the residual error is lower than the preset error value, the decomposition iteration process is finished to obtain a sparse vector, the next step is executed, and if the residual error is not lower than the preset error value, the step S6 is executed to decompose again; s8, positioning the defect according to the position of the non-zero value of the sparse vector, and judging the defect degree according to the value of the non-zero value of the sparse vector; and S9, monitoring for multiple times according to the preset time interval, and carrying out compressed sensing on data obtained by multiple monitoring to obtain the defect development trend.
According to the pipeline ultrasonic guided wave compression sensing health monitoring method, compressed guided wave data are stored, so that the data storage capacity is greatly reduced, the defect monitoring precision is guaranteed, and the pipeline ultrasonic guided wave compression sensing health monitoring method has a wide practical application prospect.
In addition, the pipe ultrasonic guided wave compression sensing health monitoring method according to the above embodiment of the present invention may further have the following additional technical features:
In an embodiment of the invention, the ultrasonic guided wave transmitting and receiving transducer adopts an electromagnetic ultrasonic transducer, the electromagnetic ultrasonic transducer is composed of a coil and a nickel strap, the nickel strap is adhered to the outer wall of the pipeline to be detected through epoxy resin glue, the coil is arranged on the outer surface of the nickel strap, and the nickel strap is magnetized by a permanent magnet to obtain a circumferential magnetic field.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the digital random modulation includes modulation and a digital low-pass filter, wherein the digital random modulation process is as follows:
y(n)＝Φx(n)
In the formula, x (n) is sampling data, phi is an observation vector, and y (n) is measurement data obtained after random modulation, and the data length of the measurement data is far shorter than that of the sampling data.
in one embodiment of the present invention, the expression of the atom is:
dj＝u(rj，t)dj∈D
In the formula, D is an atom, D ═ D 1, D 2, …, D j, …, D M ], j ═ 1,2, …, M is a positive integer, r j is a guided wave back-and-forth propagation distance, t is time, and u is a displacement of the guided wave at an arbitrary point in the pipeline at an arbitrary time.
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Where r j is the guided wave round-trip propagation distance, t is time, ω is the angular frequency, F (ω) is the fourier transform of the excitation waveform, k (ω) is the wave number, C j is the attenuation coefficient, and i is time.
In one embodiment of the present invention, solving the sparse vector object equation is:
min||a||0s.t.||ΦDa-y||2≤ε
in the formula, a is a sparse vector, epsilon is a preset error value, min is a minimum value, y is measurement data, and D is an atom.
In one embodiment of the invention, the position of the non-zero value of the sparse vector corresponds to the number of columns in the overcomplete dictionary, including defect position information, to locate a defect.
In one embodiment of the invention, the value of the non-zero value of the sparse vector reflects the amplitude of the guided wave waveform to judge the severity of the defect, and the value is in direct proportion to the severity of the defect.
additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
drawings
The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a pipeline ultrasonic guided wave compression sensing health monitoring method according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of pipe ultrasonic guided wave monitoring raw data according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a sparse coefficient diagram obtained by the pipeline ultrasonic guided wave compression sensing health monitoring method according to the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
The pipe ultrasonic guided wave compression sensing health monitoring method provided by the embodiment of the invention is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
fig. 1 is a flow chart of a pipe ultrasonic guided wave compression sensing health monitoring method according to an embodiment of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the pipe ultrasonic guided wave compression sensing health monitoring method includes the following steps:
In step S1, ultrasonic guided wave transmitting and receiving transducers are installed on the pipe to be monitored.
In one embodiment of the invention, the ultrasonic guided wave transmitting and receiving transducer adopts an electromagnetic ultrasonic transducer, the electromagnetic ultrasonic transducer is composed of a coil and a nickel strap, the nickel strap is pasted on the outer wall of the pipeline to be detected through epoxy resin glue, the coil is arranged on the outer surface of the nickel strap, and the nickel strap is magnetized by a permanent magnet to obtain a circumferential magnetic field.
in the embodiment of the present invention, the coil width of the transducer is 50mm, and the distance between the transmitting transducer and the receiving transducer is 200mm, which is set by a person skilled in the art according to actual situations, and is not specifically limited herein.
In step S2, the ultrasonic wave transmitting and receiving transducer receives the preset mode guided wave by the preset guided wave excitation frequency.
in step S3, amplification and filtering processing is performed on the preset mode guided wave, and the processed mode guided wave is sampled at a high speed to obtain sampled data.
that is to say, the guided wave excitation frequency is set, the transmitting end excites the required modal guided wave, the receiving end receives the corresponding modal guided wave, and the sampled data is obtained through amplification and filtering processing and then high-speed sampling.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the guided wave excitation frequency is 32kHz, a torsional mode guided wave is excited in the pipeline, and the guided wave propagates along the axial direction of the pipeline, wherein the sampling frequency of the guided wave data is 1MHz, and those skilled in the art set the frequency according to actual conditions, and the frequency is not specifically limited herein.
In step S4, the sampling data is subjected to digital random modulation processing to obtain an observation matrix and a measurement vector, and the measurement vector is stored in the memory.
In one embodiment of the invention, the digital random modulation comprises modulation and a digital low-pass filter, wherein the digitization process can be expressed as matrix multiplication:
y(n)＝Φx(n)
In the formula, x (n) is sampling data, phi is an observation vector, and y (n) is measurement data obtained after random modulation, and the data length of the measurement data is far shorter than that of the sampling data.
In the embodiment of the invention, the equivalent sampling rate of the compressed data y (n) is 50kHz, and the number of data points is far smaller than that of the original sampling data.
In step S5, atoms that propagate different distances are calculated based on the guided wave propagation theory to construct a guided wave overcomplete dictionary.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the atom D of the overcomplete dictionary is constructed by guided wave propagation theory, and the expression of the atom is:
dj＝u(rj，t)dj∈D
in the formula, D is an atom, D ═ D 1, D 2, …, D j, …, D M ], j ═ 1,2, …, M is a positive integer, r j is a guided wave back-and-forth propagation distance, t is time, and u is a displacement of the guided wave at an arbitrary point in the pipeline at an arbitrary time.
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Where r j is the guided wave round-trip propagation distance, t is time, ω is the angular frequency, F (ω) is the fourier transform of the excitation waveform, k (ω) is the wave number, C j is the attenuation coefficient, and i is time.
In step S6, the measurement vector is decomposed on the product matrix of the observation matrix and the overcomplete dictionary by orthogonal matching pursuit, and it is determined whether the residual error is lower than a preset error value.
In one embodiment of the invention, the waveform received by the transducer is a combination of atoms in an overcomplete dictionary, denoted as:
x＝Da+e
Where a is the sparse vector and e is the residual error.
further, the compressed sensing model may be expressed as:
y＝ΦDa+ey
Where e y is the residual error.
In step S7, if the residual error is lower than the preset error value, the decomposition iteration process is ended to obtain a sparse vector, and the next step is executed, and if the residual error is not lower than the preset error value, the step S6 is executed to decompose again.
In one embodiment of the present invention, an orthogonal matching pursuit method is used to solve the optimized sparse vector a, and the solution of the objective equation is:
min||a||0s.t.||ΦDa-y||2≤ε
In the formula, a is a sparse vector, epsilon is a preset error value, min is a minimum value, y is measurement data, D is an atom, and s.t. means 'make'.
In step S8, defect localization is performed according to the position of the non-zero value of the sparse vector, and the defect degree is determined according to the value of the non-zero value of the sparse vector.
That is to say, the defect is positioned according to the position of the nonzero value of the sparse vector a, and the severity of the defect is judged according to the numerical value of the nonzero value.
Specifically, the position of the non-zero value of the sparse vector corresponds to the number of columns in the overcomplete dictionary, and the position information of the defect is included, so that the defect can be located. The numerical value of the non-zero value of the sparse vector reflects the amplitude of the guided wave waveform to judge the severity of the defect, the numerical value is in direct proportion to the severity of the defect, and if the numerical value is larger, the defect is more serious.
In step S9, multiple monitoring is performed according to a preset time interval, and data obtained by the multiple monitoring is subjected to compressed sensing to obtain a defect development trend.
that is, monitoring is performed once every preset time, and compressed sensing is performed on multiple monitoring data to obtain the development trend of defects.
In one embodiment of the invention, a compressed sensing method is respectively carried out on the multiple monitoring data to obtain sparse vectors, and the position and the size of non-zero values in the sparse vectors are analyzed, so that the generation and development rules of defects can be judged.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the pipeline to be monitored is monitored once every other week, and those skilled in the art set the monitoring according to actual conditions, which is not specifically limited herein.
The following examples are provided to further illustrate the embodiments of the present invention.
as shown in fig. 2, in the present embodiment, the pipeline is monitored once a week for three weeks. As shown in fig. 3, the number of non-zero values in the sparse coefficient is limited, the position of the sparse coefficient can be used for defect localization, and the size of the sparse coefficient can be used for judging the severity of the defect. In the sparse coefficients obtained by the three monitoring data, the defect positions corresponding to the maximum values are 6.382, 6.382 and 6.324m respectively, the numerical values of the three maximum values show a growing trend, and the severity of the defect is judged to be aggravated. The pipeline is excavated and verified, and the defect is actually located at 6.513m, so that the pipeline ultrasonic guided wave compression sensing health monitoring method has higher precision in positioning the defect.
In addition, other components and functions of the pipeline ultrasonic guided wave compression sensing health monitoring method in the embodiment of the invention are known to those skilled in the art, and are not described in detail for reducing redundancy.
according to the pipeline ultrasonic guided wave compression sensing health monitoring method provided by the embodiment of the invention, the compressed guided wave data is stored, so that the data storage capacity is greatly reduced, the defect monitoring precision is ensured, and the pipeline ultrasonic guided wave compression sensing health monitoring method has a wide actual application prospect.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
Any process or method descriptions in flow charts or otherwise described herein may be understood as representing modules, segments, or portions of code which include one or more executable instructions for implementing steps of a custom logic function or process, and alternate implementations are included within the scope of the preferred embodiment of the present invention in which functions may be executed out of order from that shown or discussed, including substantially concurrently or in reverse order, depending on the functionality involved, as would be understood by those reasonably skilled in the art of the present invention.
The logic and/or steps represented in the flowcharts or otherwise described herein, e.g., an ordered listing of executable instructions that can be considered to implement logical functions, can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer-based system, processor-containing system, or other system that can fetch the instructions from the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device and execute the instructions. For the purposes of this description, a "computer-readable medium" can be any means that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport the program for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer-readable medium would include the following: an electrical connection (electronic device) having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette (magnetic device), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber device, and a portable compact disc read-only memory (CDROM). Additionally, the computer-readable medium could even be paper or another suitable medium upon which the program is printed, as the program can be electronically captured, via for instance optical scanning of the paper or other medium, then compiled, interpreted or otherwise processed in a suitable manner if necessary, and then stored in a computer memory.
it should be understood that portions of the present invention may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above embodiments, the various steps or methods may be implemented in software or firmware stored in memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. If implemented in hardware, as in another embodiment, any one or combination of the following techniques, which are known in the art, may be used: a discrete logic circuit having a logic gate circuit for implementing a logic function on a data signal, an application specific integrated circuit having an appropriate combinational logic gate circuit, a Programmable Gate Array (PGA), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), or the like.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the steps carried by the method for implementing the above embodiments may be implemented by hardware related to instructions of a program, which may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, and when the program is executed, the program includes one or a combination of the steps of the method embodiments.
in addition, functional units in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated into one processing module, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated into one module. The integrated module can be realized in a hardware mode, and can also be realized in a software functional module mode. The integrated module, if implemented in the form of a software functional module and sold or used as a stand-alone product, may also be stored in a computer readable storage medium.
The storage medium mentioned above may be a read-only memory, a magnetic or optical disk, etc. Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A pipeline ultrasonic guided wave compression sensing health monitoring method comprises the following steps:
S1, installing an ultrasonic guided wave transmitting and receiving transducer on the pipeline to be monitored;
S2, enabling the ultrasonic transmitting and receiving transducer to receive the preset mode guided wave through the preset guided wave excitation frequency;
S3, amplifying and filtering the preset mode guided wave, and sampling the processed mode guided wave at a high speed to obtain sampling data;
S4, carrying out digital random modulation processing on the sampling data to obtain an observation matrix and a measurement vector, and storing the measurement vector into a memory;
S5, calculating atoms which propagate different distances based on the guided wave propagation theory to construct a guided wave overcomplete dictionary;
S6, decomposing the measurement vector on the observation matrix and the product matrix of the overcomplete dictionary through orthogonal matching pursuit, and judging whether the residual error is lower than a preset error value;
S7, if the residual error is lower than the preset error value, the decomposition iteration process is finished to obtain a sparse vector, the next step is executed, and if the residual error is not lower than the preset error value, the step S6 is executed to decompose again;
S8, positioning the defect according to the position of the non-zero value of the sparse vector, and judging the defect degree according to the value of the non-zero value of the sparse vector;
and S9, monitoring for multiple times according to the preset time interval, and carrying out compressed sensing on data obtained by multiple monitoring to obtain the defect development trend.
2. The pipeline ultrasonic guided-wave compression sensing health monitoring method according to claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic guided-wave transmitting and receiving transducer adopts an electromagnetic ultrasonic transducer, the electromagnetic ultrasonic transducer is composed of a coil and a nickel strap, the nickel strap is adhered to the outer wall of the pipeline to be detected through epoxy resin glue, the coil is arranged on the outer surface of the nickel strap, and the nickel strap is magnetized by a permanent magnet to obtain a circumferential magnetic field.
3. the pipeline ultrasonic guided wave compression sensing health monitoring method according to claim 1, wherein the digital random modulation comprises modulation and a digital low-pass filter, wherein the digital random modulation processing procedure is as follows:
y(n)＝Φx(n)
In the formula, x (n) is sampling data, Φ is an observation vector, and y (n) is measurement data obtained after random modulation, and the data length is lower than that of the sampling data.
4. The pipeline ultrasonic guided wave compression sensing health monitoring method according to claim 1, wherein the atomic expression is as follows:
dj＝u(rj,t)dj∈D
In the formula, D is an atom, D ═ D 1, D 2, …, D j, …, D M ], j ═ 1,2, …, M is a positive integer, r j is a guided wave back-and-forth propagation distance, t is time, and u is a displacement of the guided wave at an arbitrary point in the pipeline at an arbitrary time.
5. The pipeline ultrasonic guided wave compression sensing health monitoring method according to claim 4, wherein,
Where r j is the guided wave round-trip propagation distance, t is time, ω is the angular frequency, F (ω) is the fourier transform of the excitation waveform, k (ω) is the wave number, C j is the attenuation coefficient, and i is time.
6. the pipeline ultrasonic guided wave compression sensing health monitoring method according to claim 1, wherein solving the target equation of the sparse vector is:
min||a||0s.t.||ΦDa-y||2≤ε
in the formula, a is a sparse vector, epsilon is a preset error value, min is a minimum value, y is measurement data, and D is an atom.
7. the pipeline ultrasonic guided wave compression sensing health monitoring method according to claim 1, wherein the positions of the non-zero values of the sparse vectors correspond to the number of columns in the overcomplete dictionary and contain defect position information to locate defects.
8. The pipeline ultrasonic guided wave compression sensing health monitoring method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the non-zero value of the sparse vector reflects the amplitude of the guided wave waveform to judge the severity of the defect, and the magnitude of the value is in direct proportion to the severity of the defect.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114813945A (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2022-07-29 | 国网湖北省电力有限公司十堰供电公司 | Cable shaft fireproof plugging defect detection and signal processing method based on ultrasonic guided waves |
| CN114813945B (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2024-02-23 | 国网湖北省电力有限公司十堰供电公司 | Cable shaft fireproof blocking defect detection method based on ultrasonic guided waves |
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