CN110553135A - Truss structure with adjustable mechanical property and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Truss structure with adjustable mechanical property and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110553135A CN110553135A CN201910879025.6A CN201910879025A CN110553135A CN 110553135 A CN110553135 A CN 110553135A CN 201910879025 A CN201910879025 A CN 201910879025A CN 110553135 A CN110553135 A CN 110553135A
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000009432 framing Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001099 ammonium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000003850 cellular structure Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910000013 Ammonium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000012538 ammonium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000012501 ammonium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011549 displacement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16S—CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS IN GENERAL; STRUCTURES BUILT-UP FROM SUCH ELEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- F16S3/00—Elongated members, e.g. profiled members; Assemblies thereof; Gratings or grilles
- F16S3/06—Assemblies of elongated members
- F16S3/08—Assemblies of elongated members forming frameworks, e.g. gratings
Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a truss structure with adjustable mechanical properties, which comprises a two-dimensional frame unit formed by connecting and combining a plurality of supporting rods with Z-shaped structures in a mirror image manner, wherein the supporting rods with the Z-shaped structures have the same design angle. The embodiment of the invention also discloses a manufacturing method of the truss structure with adjustable mechanical properties. The invention can realize the adjustment and control of the mechanical property of the truss structure by adjusting the geometric parameters of the design model, can also design and manufacture special application materials with high porosity and negative Poisson ratio, and can be widely applied to the fields of medical artificial bone structures, aerospace aviation and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a mechanical frame structure, in particular to a truss structure with adjustable mechanical properties.
Background
in the prior art, the mechanical structure related to the weight reduction is mainly a porous structure, and for a method for preparing a porous ceramic material, a foaming method, a template method, a pore-forming agent method and the like are generally used. The pore diameter of the pores of the porous scaffold obtained by the foaming method is difficult to control, and the connectivity among the pores is low. The pore-forming agent method is simple and easy to operate, and is a common method for preparing the porous ceramic material. The pore-forming agent method is to mix the pore-forming agent and slurry to form a stent model, and then remove the pore-forming agent in a dissolving or calcining way, thereby obtaining the porous material. The commonly used pore-forming agent mainly comprises salt particles (including high-temperature decomposable salts such as ammonium carbonate, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium chloride and the like), starch particles and the like, when the number of pores of the obtained structure is too large, the mechanical strength of the material is reduced, and the risk of breakage exists, and when the number of pores is too small, the material is unevenly distributed, and the high porosity cannot be achieved. In addition, the mechanical properties of the cellular structures and truss structures in the prior art are generally difficult to adjust or cannot be adjusted as desired, and thus, the cellular structures and truss structures cannot be suitable for various applications.
disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a truss structure with adjustable mechanical properties and a manufacturing method thereof. The porosity of the truss structure can be greatly improved, and a lightweight high-strength structure is achieved.
In order to solve the technical problem, an embodiment of the present invention provides a truss structure with adjustable mechanical properties, including a two-dimensional frame unit formed by connecting and combining a plurality of support rods of a "Z" shape in a mirror image manner, where the support rods of the "Z" shape have the same design angle.
Furthermore, the Z-shaped structure is composed of three sections of the supporting rods with equal length.
The design angle is acute, which can produce a negative poisson's ratio effect.
further, the three-dimensional structure unit is a hexahedral structure, and the two-dimensional frame unit forms the hexahedral structure.
Further, adjacent two-dimensional frame cells in the hexahedral structure have a shared edge.
furthermore, a plurality of three-dimensional structure units are included, and the same two-dimensional frame unit is used between adjacent three-dimensional structure units.
The three-dimensional structure unit is composed of three two-dimensional frame units, and a concentric and orthogonal connection relationship is formed between every two three two-dimensional frame units.
The three-dimensional structure unit comprises a plurality of three-dimensional structure units, and the support rods of two-dimensional frame units which are orthogonal and are identical are arranged between the adjacent three-dimensional structure units.
the invention also discloses a manufacturing method of the truss structure with adjustable mechanical properties, which comprises the following steps:
S1: constructing a Z-shaped structure on a two-dimensional plane by using three sections of supporting rods with the same length L, so that the Z-shaped structure has the same design angle alpha;
S2: a plurality of Z-shaped structures are connected in a mirror image manner to form a symmetrical two-dimensional frame unit;
S3: and forming a three-dimensional structural unit by using the two-dimensional frame unit.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps: the three-dimensional structure unit of a hexahedral structure is configured in a manner of sharing an edge using 6 two-dimensional frame units.
In another aspect, the method further comprises the steps of: and forming the three-dimensional structure unit by using three two-dimensional frame units in a concentric and orthogonal mode between every two-dimensional frame units.
the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention has the characteristics of negative Poisson ratio and higher porosity, and simultaneously realizes the adjustment and control of the mechanical property of the truss structure by adjusting the geometric parameters of the design model.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a single three-dimensional structure in a first embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a plurality of three-dimensional structures according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a test conducted according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure unit and the resulting structure according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
As shown in fig. 1, the truss structure with adjustable mechanical properties according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a plurality of support rods with a "Z" shape, and two-dimensional frame units with central symmetry formed by mirror-image connection and combination of the support rods, wherein upper and lower support rods of the support rods with the "Z" shape are parallel structures and have the same length L and design angle α.
In other embodiments, three support rods with different lengths may be selected to form a zigzag structure, which is not limited herein.
The design angle is preferably an acute angle, and the negative poisson ratio phenomenon of the obtained truss structure is obvious.
In this embodiment, 8 support rods having a zigzag structure are connected to form a two-dimensional frame unit.
In the present embodiment, the six two-dimensional frame units constitute a three-dimensional structure unit, and the three-dimensional structure unit has a hexahedral structure.
Adjacent two-dimensional frame elements of the six two-dimensional frame elements have shared edges, i.e. a surface-to-surface connection is formed using a common support bar.
The same two-dimensional frame unit is used between each three-dimensional structure unit of the plurality of three-dimensional structure units.
And defining the length-diameter ratio of the supporting rod as d/L, and controlling the parameter epsilon and the included angle alpha to obtain the truss structures with different mechanical properties.
As shown in fig. 1, several groups of samples with different design angles are designed, wherein α is 50 °,60 °, and70 °, and L is 2 mm.
As shown in fig. 2, four groups of products are manufactured with the design parameters α being 50 °,60 °, and70 °, L being 2mm, and e being 0.27, 0.47, and the numbers and parameters are as follows: (sample No., α, ∈) (#1, 50 °, 0.27), (#2, 60 °, 0.27), (#3, 70 °, 0.27), (#4, 60 °, 0.47). The adjustment of the truss structure and the influence on the overall mechanical properties of the parameter alpha can be obtained by comparative studies on samples #1, #2 and # 3. Comparative studies on samples #2 and #4 can show the effect of the length to diameter ratio of the strut on the variation and overall mechanical performance of the truss structure.
the invention also provides a manufacturing method of the truss structure with adjustable mechanical properties, which is carried out by the following steps.
As shown in fig. 1, a "Z" shaped structure is constructed by using three support rods with the same length L, the three support rods form a design angle α ═ ABC ═ BCD ═ α, the length | AB | ═ BC | ═ CD | ═ L of the support rod of the "Z" shaped structure, the diameter of the rod is d, and the length-to-diameter ratio of the support rod is defined as ∈ ═ d/L.
8 symmetrical Z-shaped structures are connected in a mirror image mode to form a centrosymmetric two-dimensional frame unit in a mirror image mode, one Z-shaped structure is subjected to 45-degree mirror image to obtain two Z-shaped structure connecting structures, then the four Z-shaped structure connecting structures are obtained through 180-degree mirror image, and then the eight Z-shaped structure connecting structures are obtained through 180-degree mirror image, so that a centrosymmetric and axisymmetric structure is obtained.
The three-dimensional structural unit of the hexahedral structure is constructed in such a manner that 6 two-dimensional frame units use the same shared edge.
And forming a truss unit of a three-dimensional space structure by using a plurality of three-dimensional structure units with the same connecting surface.
In the present invention, the Porosity of the sample is defined as Porosity of 100% -Vl/VsIn which V islAnd VsRepresenting the volume of the truss structure and the volume of the corresponding total cube, respectively, wherein: vl＝Ml/ρl，Mland ρlIndicating the mass of the sample and the density of the material used, respectively.
A5 KN universal force tester was used. All samples were compressed at a constant rate of 5mm/min to failure. Three experiments were repeated, each with three samples and tested. Using the ISO-13314 standard, stiffness is determined by the maximum slope of the stress versus strain curve for the linear elastic region, yield strength is determined using the 0.2% deformation displacement method, and the first maximum strength is defined as the first local maximum strength of the stress-strain curve (see fig. 3B).
The measured data are shown in table 1. The measured results are expressed in the form a + -b, where a represents the mean of three measurements,MmaxAnd Mminthe maximum and minimum of the measured values, respectively.
Table 1:
In fig. 3, a is a deformation process of the truss structure sample piece pressure experiment. As can be seen from the figure, the sample cross section first increases and then decreases with increasing strain (see arrows at 0.32 and 0.5 strain), indicating that the truss structure has a negative poisson's ratio behavior.
B is a typical stress-strain relationship graph of products #1- # 4. It can be seen from the figure that for a fixed epsilon the design angle alpha plays an important role in the mechanical properties of the truss structure. The mechanical response of the samples #1- #3 can be visually seen from their stress-strain curves, with the lower the α, the more rigid the truss structure and the lower the porosity.
C is a comparison of samples #2 and #4, with the greater epsilon, the greater the stiffness and the lower the porosity for fixed alpha.
it can also be seen from the data in table 1 that when epsilon is constant, the design angle alpha increases, the size and porosity of the truss structure sample increases, the stiffness, yield strength and maximum strength decrease, and the mechanical properties become worse. Increasing the value of epsilon increases the stiffness, yield strength and first maximum strength, decreasing the porosity, when the design angle alpha is constant.
Experiments show that the mechanical property of the truss structure can be adjusted by adjusting the designed geometric parameters alpha and epsilon, so that the mechanical property of the structure is optimized. This helps us further achieve the target mechanical properties for a given application.
Furthermore, the truss structure described in this patent is hollow in three-dimensional cells, so a high porosity can be achieved.
During the experiment, when the structure is broken, the truss structure is often broken from the intersection point of the rod pieces, as shown by the circle and the rectangle in fig. 3D, and the area is a stress concentration area.
Example 2:
In this embodiment, three two-dimensional frame units identical to those in embodiment 1 are used to combine a three-dimensional structural unit of another structural form, as shown in fig. 4.
The three two-dimensional frame units are connected concentrically and orthogonally, that is, six end faces of the formed three-dimensional structure unit, namely, the upper end face, the lower end face, the left end face, the right end face, the front end face and the rear end face, are in a cross-shaped structure (as shown in the second drawing in fig. 4).
The truss structure unit and its neighboring units of this embodiment share a "+" shaped structure (as shown in the second and third figures of fig. 4).
The invention has the following advantages:
1. The three-dimensional structural unit formed by the invention is an isotropic structure, and the design parameters are as follows: the design angle alpha and the length-to-diameter ratio epsilon of the supporting rod are parametric design parameters. The model of different geometric relationships can be obtained quickly through parameter change without re-modeling, and isotropy is kept all the time.
2. the structure of the invention can adjust and control the integral mechanical properties of each three-dimensional structure unit, such as rigidity, yield strength, maximum strength and the like, by adjusting the values of the design angle alpha and the length-to-diameter ratio epsilon of the supporting rod, so that the integral mechanical properties of the structure have designability.
3. The truss structure obtained by the invention has the characteristic of auxetic (negative Poisson ratio).
4. The truss structure obtained by the invention has very high porosity (> 90%).
5. The invention has wide application field and can be used for manufacturing novel materials with light weight, negative Poisson's ratio and expected mechanical property.
While the invention has been described with respect to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood that it is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, but rather, to cover all modifications, variations (e.g., changes in length, proportions, or angles) that may fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The truss structure with adjustable mechanical properties is characterized by comprising a centrosymmetric two-dimensional frame unit formed by connecting and combining a plurality of support rods of Z-shaped structures in a mirror image mode, wherein the support rods of the Z-shaped structures have the same design angle.
2. the mechanically tunable truss structure of claim 1 wherein said "zigzag" structure is formed by three equal lengths of said support rods.
3. The truss structure with adjustable mechanical properties according to claim 1 or 2, comprising three-dimensional structural units, wherein the three-dimensional structural units are hexahedral structures, and the hexahedral structures are formed by the two-dimensional frame units.
4. The mechanically tunable truss structure of claim 3 wherein adjacent ones of said two-dimensional framing units in said hexahedral structure have shared edges.
5. The mechanically tunable truss structure of claim 4 including a plurality of said three-dimensional structural units, adjacent ones of said three-dimensional structural units using the same two-dimensional framing unit therebetween.
6. The truss structure with adjustable mechanical properties of claim 1 or 2, comprising a three-dimensional structural unit, wherein the three-dimensional structural unit is composed of three two-dimensional frame units, and a concentric and orthogonal connection relationship is formed between every two three-dimensional frame units.
7. The mechanically tunable truss structure of claim 6 including a plurality of said three-dimensional structural units, adjacent ones of said three-dimensional structural units having the same orthogonal support struts of two of said two-dimensional framing units therebetween.
8. A method for manufacturing a truss structure with adjustable mechanical properties is characterized by comprising the following steps:
S1: three sections of support rods are used for constructing a Z-shaped structure on a two-dimensional plane, so that the Z-shaped structure has the same design angle;
S2: a plurality of Z-shaped structures are connected in a mirror image manner to form a centrosymmetric two-dimensional frame unit;
S3: and forming a three-dimensional structural unit by using the two-dimensional frame unit.
9. the method of manufacturing a mechanically tunable truss structure of claim 8 further comprising the steps of: the three-dimensional structure unit of a hexahedral structure is configured in a manner of sharing an edge using 6 two-dimensional frame units.
10. The method of manufacturing a mechanically tunable truss structure of claim 8 further comprising the steps of: and forming the three-dimensional structure unit by using three two-dimensional frame units in a concentric and orthogonal mode between every two-dimensional frame units.
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| CN201910879025.6A CN110553135A (en) | 2019-09-18 | 2019-09-18 | Truss structure with adjustable mechanical property and manufacturing method thereof |
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Cited By (2)
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| CN111723501A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-09-29 | 同济大学 | Composite energy absorption structure based on square unit polycrystalline type micro-truss structure and 3D printing method thereof |
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