CN110551864B - Method for measuring erosion degree of bottom and hearth of blast furnace and blast furnace - Google Patents
Method for measuring erosion degree of bottom and hearth of blast furnace and blast furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN110551864B CN110551864B CN201910934889.3A CN201910934889A CN110551864B CN 110551864 B CN110551864 B CN 110551864B CN 201910934889 A CN201910934889 A CN 201910934889A CN 110551864 B CN110551864 B CN 110551864B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
- C21B7/04—Blast furnaces with special refractories
- C21B7/06—Linings for furnaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
- C21B7/24—Test rods or other checking devices
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of smelting, and provides a method for measuring erosion degree of a blast furnace bottom and a blast furnace hearth and a blast furnace. The method comprises the following steps: optical fibers are embedded in a refractory layer at preset positions in the circumferential direction of the blast furnace in advance, wherein the preset positions are the bottom of the blast furnace and the hearth of the blast furnace; an outlet is formed in the shell of the blast furnace; the two ends of the optical fiber are electrically connected with the signal processor after being penetrated out from the lead-out port; the thickness distribution at the isotherm of the set temperature is calculated from the temperature signal. The blast furnace comprises a shell, a refractory layer and a brick lining which are sequentially arranged from outside to inside, wherein optical fibers are buried in the refractory layers at the bottom of the blast furnace and at the hearth of the blast furnace along the circumferential direction of the blast furnace respectively, an outlet is formed in the shell of the blast furnace, and two ends of each optical fiber are electrically connected with a signal processor after penetrating out from the outlet. The invention can comprehensively and accurately detect the erosion degree of the blast furnace bottom and the blast furnace hearth based on the optical fiber temperature measurement principle, reduce the accident occurrence probability and ensure the safe and efficient operation of the blast furnace.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of smelting, in particular to a method for measuring corrosion degree of a blast furnace bottom and a blast furnace hearth and a blast furnace.
Background
Steel is an indispensable important resource in both floor construction and railway construction. There are basically two processes for the manufacture of steel, one of which is the production of pig iron, and blast furnace smelting is the currently predominant iron making process. Despite the research and development of many iron-making methods in various countries in the world, blast furnace smelting is still the main method of modern iron-making due to the simple process, large yield and high labor productivity.
Blast furnace smelting refers to a method for continuously producing molten iron in a blast furnace using coke, iron-containing ore and a flux. Because the whole blast furnace smelting process is carried out in a closed blast furnace, workers cannot directly observe the conditions inside the blast furnace and can only infer the conditions through indirect data such as temperature, pressure, gas composition, silicon content, molten iron temperature and the like. The thickness of the brick lining at the bottom of the blast furnace or at the inner side of the hearth can be gradually thinned under the long-term scouring and erosion of high-temperature molten iron, when the strength of the brick lining is invalid and the blast furnace cannot be supported, the molten iron can be broken at any time to be discharged, so that the blast furnace is burnt out, major accidents and economic losses are caused, and therefore, the timely judgment of the erosion degree of the bottom of the blast furnace or the hearth is vital to the safe production of blast furnace smelting.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, at present, a plurality of thermocouples 1 are embedded in the wall of a blast furnace at intervals of 1 m-2 m, even more than 5m to obtain the temperature of a plurality of measuring points, and then the position of 1150 ℃ is calculated, and the erosion degree of the bottom and the hearth of the blast furnace is judged. Since the diameter of the blast furnace is usually about 10m, a plurality of mounting holes for the thermocouple 1 need to be formed in the furnace wall, and accidents such as air leakage and iron penetration are extremely easy to occur due to too many holes. Furthermore, the area between two adjacent thermocouples 1 belongs to a measurement blind area, which is difficult to measure once erosion occurs in the area.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art or related art. Therefore, the method for measuring the erosion degree of the bottom and the hearth of the blast furnace is simple to operate and high in reliability, so that the erosion degree of the bottom and the hearth of the blast furnace can be comprehensively and accurately detected.
According to an embodiment of the first aspect of the invention, a method for measuring the erosion degree of the bottom and the hearth of a blast furnace comprises the following steps:
optical fibers are buried in a refractory layer at preset positions of a blast furnace in advance along the circumferential direction of the blast furnace, wherein the preset positions are the bottom of the blast furnace and a hearth of the blast furnace;
an outlet is formed in the shell of the blast furnace;
the two ends of the optical fiber are electrically connected with a signal processor after penetrating out from the lead-out port, and the signal processor is used for transmitting laser pulses to the optical fiber and converting Raman back-scattered light scattered back by the optical fiber into a temperature signal;
and calculating the thickness distribution at the isotherm of the set temperature according to the temperature signal.
According to the method for measuring the erosion degree of the bottom and the hearth of the blast furnace, disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, the erosion degree of the bottom and the hearth of the blast furnace can be comprehensively and accurately detected, so that the accident occurrence probability can be reduced, and the safe and efficient operation of the blast furnace can be ensured.
In addition, the method for measuring the erosion degree of the bottom and the hearth of the blast furnace according to the embodiment of the invention can also have the following additional technical characteristics:
according to one embodiment of the invention, the step of calculating the thickness distribution at the isotherm of the set temperature from the temperature signal comprises:
dividing the preset position into a plurality of area blocks;
iteratively calculating the temperature of each point in the area block according to the measured temperature and the following formula:
wherein the measured temperature is a temperature signal corresponding to a scattering region of the optical fiber within the region block; λ represents a thermal conductivity coefficient of the preset position; t represents the temperature of any point in the area block; z represents the height at which any point in the region block is located; r represents the radial distance from any point in the regional block to the central shaft of the blast furnace; θ represents an azimuth angle of any point in the area block with respect to the central shaft of the blast furnace;
the shape and location of the 1150 ℃ isotherm is determined from the temperatures at various points within all of the region blocks to obtain the thickness distribution at the 1150 ℃ isotherm.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the method further comprises the steps of: and a standby outlet is formed in the shell of the blast furnace, the optical fiber is cut off from the position corresponding to the standby outlet so as to form two standby outlets, and the two standby outlets are electrically connected with the signal processor after being penetrated out from the standby outlet.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the optical fibers are arranged in a zigzag or wavy shape along the circumferential direction of the blast furnace.
According to one embodiment of the invention, a plurality of optical fibers are arranged in the refractory layer at the preset position along the radial direction of the blast furnace.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of the optical fibers are buried in the refractory layer at the predetermined position along the height direction of the blast furnace.
According to one embodiment of the invention, projections of the outlets corresponding to two adjacent optical fibers on the same horizontal plane have included angles.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the step of embedding the optical fiber in the refractory layer at a predetermined position of the blast furnace in advance in the circumferential direction of the blast furnace includes: when the brick lining at the inner side of the blast furnace is built, a ring groove is formed along the outer wall of the brick lining; and clamping the optical fiber part into the annular groove, and coating refractory materials on the outer wall of the brick lining to form a refractory layer.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the distance between two adjacent scattering regions in the optical fiber is not less than 100mm.
According to the blast furnace provided by the embodiment of the second aspect of the invention, the blast furnace comprises a shell, a refractory layer and a brick lining which are sequentially arranged from outside to inside, wherein optical fibers are respectively embedded in the refractory layer positioned at the bottom of the blast furnace and the hearth of the blast furnace along the circumferential direction of the blast furnace, the shell is provided with an outlet, and two ends of each optical fiber are electrically connected with a signal processor after penetrating out from the outlet.
The above technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention have at least one of the following technical effects:
according to the invention, based on the optical fiber temperature measurement principle, by embedding optical fibers in the refractory layer of the bottom of the blast furnace and the refractory layer of the hearth of the blast furnace along the circumferential direction of the blast furnace respectively, the temperature of the position of the corresponding scattering region can be obtained by utilizing the Raman back scattering light scattered by each scattering region in the optical fibers. Compared with the prior art that a plurality of thermocouples are adopted to measure the temperature, the invention can realize a plurality of measurements by utilizing the optical fiber, the distance between two adjacent temperature measuring areas, namely the scattering areas, is far smaller than the meter-level distance when the thermocouples are adopted in the centimeter level, and the optical fiber has no blind area basically along the circumferential direction of the blast furnace bottom and the blast furnace hearth, thereby obviously improving the accuracy and the comprehensiveness of measurement and providing reliable guarantee for the safe and efficient production of the blast furnace. In addition, when the invention is adopted for measurement, only the shell of the blast furnace is provided with the outlet for penetrating out the optical fiber, thereby greatly reducing the risks of accidents such as air leakage, iron penetration and the like.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a side view of a prior art thermocouple installed on a blast furnace hearth and bottom;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a prior art thermocouple mounted on the bottom of a blast furnace;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the temperature measurement of an optical fiber in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the installation of an optical fiber on a blast furnace hearth in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of another installation of an optical fiber on a blast furnace hearth in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a zone block at a preset location in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of another installation of an optical fiber on a blast furnace hearth in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of another installation of an optical fiber on a blast furnace hearth in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of another installation of an optical fiber on the bottom of a blast furnace in an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
1: a thermocouple; 2: an optical fiber; 2.1: a laser pulse; 3: a signal processor;
4: a housing; 5: an outlet port; 6: and a standby outlet.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, based on the embodiments of the invention, which would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art without making any inventive effort are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In describing embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly stated and limited otherwise, the terms "coupled," "coupled," and "connected" should be construed broadly, and may be either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. The specific meaning of the above terms in embodiments of the present invention will be understood in detail by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In embodiments of the invention, unless expressly specified and limited otherwise, a first feature "up" or "down" on a second feature may be that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are in indirect contact via an intervening medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature may be a first feature being directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is level higher than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature may be the first feature being directly under or obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is less level than the second feature.
In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the embodiments of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.
As shown in connection with fig. 3 to 9, the present embodiment provides a method of measuring the degree of erosion of a bottom of a blast furnace and a hearth of the blast furnace, the method comprising the steps of:
s1, embedding optical fibers 2 in a refractory layer at preset positions of a blast furnace in advance along the circumferential direction of the blast furnace, wherein the preset positions are the bottom of the blast furnace and a hearth of the blast furnace, and specifically: when the brick lining at the inner side of the blast furnace is built, a ring groove is formed along the outer wall of the brick lining; the optical fiber 2 is partially clamped into the annular groove, and the outer wall of the brick lining is coated with refractory material to form a refractory layer. Wherein the distance between two adjacent scattering areas in the optical fiber 2 is not less than 100mm. For example, the distance between two adjacent scattering areas is 100mm, that is, the optical fiber 2 has one scattering area, i.e. a temperature measuring point, every 100mm along the circumferential direction of the blast furnace in the refractory layer at the preset position.
S2, arranging an outlet 5 in a shell 4 of the blast furnace;
and S3, enabling the two ends of the optical fiber 2 to be respectively and electrically connected with the signal processor 3 after being led out from the outlet 5, wherein the signal processor 3 is used for transmitting laser pulses 2.1 to the optical fiber 2 and converting the Raman back-scattered light scattered by the optical fiber 2 into a temperature signal. As can be seen from the principle of optical fiber thermometry, when a laser pulse 2.1 is launched into the optical fiber 2 from one end of the optical fiber 2, the laser pulse 2.1 propagates forward along the optical fiber 2. In this process, the laser pulse 3.1 scatters by inelastic collision with molecules inside the optical fiber 3, and the backward anti-stokes light in the raman backward scattered light generated by the laser pulse is sensitive to temperature, i.e. the higher the temperature of the scattering region, the higher the intensity of the backward anti-stokes light. The signal processor 3 processes the raman backward scattered light based on the optical time domain reflection technology, and then a temperature signal corresponding to any scattering region along the optical fiber 3 can be obtained. Therefore, in the present embodiment, by embedding the optical fibers 3 in the refractory layer of the bottom of the blast furnace and the refractory layer of the hearth of the blast furnace, respectively, in the circumferential direction of the blast furnace, the temperature at the corresponding position can be calculated using the raman back scattered light scattered by the respective scattering regions of the optical fibers 3. The signal processor 3 may include a laser, an optical path bi-directional coupler, an optical splitter, and a receiver, where the laser is connected to a first end of the optical path bi-directional coupler, a second end of the optical path bi-directional coupler is connected to two ends of the optical fiber 2, and a third end of the optical path bi-directional coupler is electrically connected to the receiver through the optical splitter. The laser pulse 2.1 output from the laser enters the optical fiber 2 after being coupled through the optical path bi-directional coupler, the raman backward scattered light generated by the laser pulse 2.1 after being scattered in the optical fiber 2 is returned to the optical path bi-directional coupler, the optical path bi-directional coupler couples the raman backward scattered light to the optical splitter, the optical splitter filters the backward anti-stokes light from the raman backward scattered light and then transmits the backward anti-stokes light to the receiver, and the receiver converts the backward anti-stokes light into a temperature signal.
S4, calculating thickness distribution at an isotherm of a set temperature, for example, 1150 ℃ according to the temperature signal, specifically, as shown in FIG. 6:
s4.1, dividing a preset position into a plurality of area blocks;
s4.2, iteratively calculating the temperature of each point in the regional block according to the measured temperature and the following formula:
wherein the measured temperature is a temperature signal corresponding to a scattering region of the optical fiber 2 within the regional block; λ represents the thermal conductivity of the preset position; t represents the temperature at any point in the block; z represents the height at which any point within the region block is located; r represents the radial distance from any point in the regional block to the central shaft of the blast furnace; θ represents the azimuth angle of any point in the area block relative to the central shaft of the blast furnace; for example, as shown in fig. 6, assuming that the scattering area in the area block of the optical fiber 2 is the point i with the radial distance ri, the temperature of the point i is the measured temperature, and based on this, the temperature of each point in the area block, for example, the temperature of the point j-1 and the point j+1 with the radial distance ri, and the temperature of the point i+1 with the radial distance ri+1 and the point i-1 with the radial distance ri-1 can be obtained by iterative calculation using the formula (1).
S4.3, determining the shape and the position of the 1150 ℃ isotherm according to the temperature of each point in all the area blocks so as to obtain the thickness distribution at the 1150 ℃ isotherm.
Based on the optical fiber temperature measurement principle, the method is characterized in that the optical fibers 3 are embedded in the refractory layer of the bottom of the blast furnace and the refractory layer of the hearth of the blast furnace respectively along the circumferential direction of the blast furnace, so that the temperature at the corresponding position can be obtained by utilizing the Raman back scattered light scattered by each scattering area in the optical fibers 2, and further the thickness distribution of the bottom of the blast furnace and the hearth of the blast furnace at 1150 ℃ isotherm can be calculated, thereby determining the erosion degree of the bottom of the blast furnace and the hearth of the blast furnace, that is, the thinner the thickness of the bottom of the blast furnace and the hearth of the blast furnace, the more serious the erosion degree. It can be seen that, compared with the prior art that a plurality of thermocouples are adopted to measure the temperature, the embodiment can not only realize a plurality of measurements by utilizing the optical fiber 2, but also ensure that the distance between two adjacent temperature measuring areas, namely the scattering areas, is far smaller than the meter-level distance when the thermocouples are adopted in the centimeter level, and the optical fiber 2 is basically free of blind areas along the circumferential direction of the bottom of the blast furnace, thereby remarkably improving the accuracy and the comprehensiveness of measurement and providing reliable guarantee for safe and efficient production of the blast furnace. In addition, when the method is adopted for measurement, only the shell 4 of the blast furnace is provided with the outlet 5 for penetrating out the optical fiber 2, so that the risks of accidents such as air leakage, iron penetration and the like are greatly reduced.
The temperature signal obtained by the optical fiber 2 may be used to obtain the thickness distribution of the bottom and the hearth of the blast furnace, and the temperature distribution in the circumferential direction of the blast furnace may be plotted by combining a temperature field calculation model. Furthermore, the optical fiber 2 may be arranged at the tuyere of the blast furnace to obtain a temperature signal around the tuyere of the blast furnace, thereby calculating the position of the reflow tape and the occurrence degree of the overhang. Since drawing the temperature distribution in the circumferential direction of the blast furnace by means of temperature and calculating the position of the reflow zone and the occurrence degree of the suspended material are common knowledge in the art, the description thereof will not be repeated here.
In addition, considering that the temperatures around the blast furnace may be greatly different, a certain part of the optical fiber 2 may be blown or damaged during use, in order to ensure that the other positions of the optical fiber 2 can still be measured continuously, taking the optical fiber 2 at the hearth of the blast furnace as an example, as shown in fig. 4, the method further comprises the following steps: a standby outlet 6 is formed in a shell 4 of the blast furnace, the optical fiber 2 is cut off from a position corresponding to the standby outlet 6 to form two standby outlets, and the two standby outlets penetrate through the standby outlet 6 and are electrically connected with the signal processor 3. For example, the shell 4 of the blast furnace is provided with a standby outlet 6, the standby outlet 6 is opposite to the outlet 5, the optical fiber 2 is divided into two parts from the middle part, and the original two ends of the optical fiber 2 penetrate out of the outlet 5 and are electrically connected with the signal processor 3; the two spare outlets formed at the cutting position of the optical fiber 2 are also electrically connected with the signal processor 3 after being penetrated out from the spare outlet 6. When one of the sections of the optical fiber 2 between the spare outlet 6 and the outlet 5 is blown or damaged, both ends of the remaining section of the optical fiber 2 between the spare outlet 6 and the outlet 5 are still respectively connected with the signal processor 3, and the temperature of the blast furnace hearth in which the section of the optical fiber 2 is embedded can still be continuously measured. Further, a plurality of spare outlets 6 are formed in the outer shell 4 of the blast furnace at intervals along the circumferential direction, and the optical fibers 2 are cut at positions corresponding to the spare outlets 6 one by one. After two spare outlets formed at each cutting position of the optical fiber 2 are penetrated out of the corresponding spare outlets 6, the two spare outlets are connected with the signal processor 3, so that the rest part can be continuously measured when one or a plurality of sections of the optical fiber 2 burn out. For example, as shown in fig. 5, three spare outlets 6 are provided on the housing 7 of the blast furnace at intervals, the optical fiber 2 is cut at positions corresponding to the spare outlets 6 one by one, at this time, the optical fiber 2 is divided into four sections, the two ends of the optical fiber 2 are electrically connected to the signal processor 3 after being led out from the outlets 5, and the two spare outlets formed at each cut position of the optical fiber 2 are electrically connected to the signal processor 3 after being led out from the corresponding spare outlets 6.
Taking the optical fiber 2 at the hearth of the blast furnace as an example, as shown in fig. 8, the optical fiber 2 is arranged in a zigzag or wave shape along the circumferential direction of the blast furnace, that is, the radial distance between one part of the scattering region on the optical fiber 2 and the central axis of the blast furnace is greater than the radial distance between the other part of the scattering region and the central axis of the blast furnace. At this time, the optical fiber 2 can measure not only the temperature distribution in the circumferential direction of the blast furnace but also the temperature distribution in the radial direction of the blast furnace.
Preferably, a plurality of optical fibers 2 are arranged in the refractory layer at preset positions along the radial direction of the blast furnace so as to obtain the radial temperature distribution of the blast furnace. Taking the optical fiber 2 at the hearth of the blast furnace as an example, as shown in fig. 7, a plurality of optical fibers 2 are provided in the refractory layer of the hearth of the blast furnace in the radial direction of the blast furnace. Of course, in order to reduce the number of outlets 5 on the housing 4 of the blast furnace, the optical fibers 2 located at the same level of the blast furnace may share the same outlet 5. For example, when three optical fibers 2 are sequentially provided in the refractory layer of the blast furnace hearth in the radial direction of the blast furnace, both ends of the three optical fibers 2 are passed out from the same outlet 5.
In order to improve the accuracy of measurement, a plurality of optical fibers 2 may be buried in the refractory layer at a predetermined position in the height direction of the blast furnace. For example, 4 to 6 optical fibers 2 may be buried in the refractory layer at a predetermined position in the height direction of the blast furnace, specifically: as shown in fig. 7, the first layer of the blast furnace hearth may be provided with 3 optical fibers 2 in the radial direction of the blast furnace. While the second layer of the blast furnace hearth may be provided with 4 or 3 optical fibers 2 in the radial direction of the blast furnace. As shown in fig. 9, the first layer of the bottom of the blast furnace may be provided with 5 optical fibers 2 in the radial direction of the blast furnace. And the second layer of the bottom of the blast furnace can be provided with 5 optical fibers 2 along the radial direction of the blast furnace.
In order to avoid burning out of the optical fibers 2 at the outlet 5, the outlet 5 is preferably arranged at a position where the temperature of the blast furnace is relatively low. When a plurality of optical fibers 2 are disposed in the height direction of the blast furnace, if the positions of all the outlets 5 in the circumferential direction of the blast furnace are the same, that is, if the projections of all the outlets 5 on the same horizontal plane overlap, the optical fibers 2 in all the outlets 5 may burn out simultaneously once an accident occurs, in order to avoid the above-mentioned phenomenon, all the outlets 5 are staggered in the circumferential direction of the blast furnace, that is, the projections of the outlets 5 corresponding to two adjacent optical fibers 2 on the same horizontal plane have an included angle, wherein the included angle may be preferably 90 °.
In addition, this embodiment also provides a blast furnace, this blast furnace includes shell 4, flame retardant coating and the brick lining that sets gradually from outside to inside, buries optic fibre 2 along the circumference of blast furnace respectively in the flame retardant coating of blast furnace bottom and blast furnace hearth, and the export 5 has been seted up to shell 4 of blast furnace, and the both ends of optic fibre 2 are worn out the back and are connected with signal processor 3 electricity from export 5.
From the above, the temperature of the position corresponding to the scattering region can be obtained by utilizing the raman back scattered light scattered by each scattering region in the optical fiber 2 by embedding the optical fiber 3 in the refractory layer of the bottom of the blast furnace and the refractory layer of the hearth of the blast furnace along the circumferential direction of the blast furnace based on the principle of measuring the temperature of the optical fiber 2. Compared with the prior art that a plurality of thermocouples are adopted to measure the temperature, the invention can realize a plurality of measurements by utilizing the optical fiber 2, the distance between two adjacent temperature measuring areas, namely the scattering areas, is far smaller than the meter-level distance when the thermocouples are adopted in the centimeter level, and the optical fiber 2 is basically free of blind areas along the circumferential direction of the bottom of the blast furnace and the hearth of the blast furnace, thereby obviously improving the accuracy and the comprehensiveness of measurement and providing reliable guarantee for safe and efficient production of the blast furnace. In addition, when the invention is adopted for measurement, only the shell 4 of the blast furnace is provided with the outlet 5 for penetrating out the optical fiber 2, thereby greatly reducing the risks of accidents such as air leakage, iron penetration and the like.
In addition, the embodiment also provides a system based on the method for measuring the erosion degree of the bottom and the hearth of the blast furnace, which comprises a display module, an optical fiber temperature acquisition module and a calculation module, wherein the optical fiber temperature acquisition module and the display module are respectively and electrically connected with the calculation module, and the optical fiber temperature acquisition module is used for acquiring temperature signals of positions of all scattering areas along the optical fiber 2; the calculation module is used for acquiring the temperature of each point in each area block at a preset position according to the temperature signals, determining the shape and the position of an isothermal line at 1150 ℃ according to the temperature of each point in all area blocks, and acquiring the thickness distribution at the isothermal line at 1150 ℃; the display module is used for displaying the 1150 ℃ isotherm and the thickness distribution of the bottom of the blast furnace and the hearth of the blast furnace. Wherein the preset positions are the bottom of the blast furnace and the hearth of the blast furnace; the optical fiber temperature acquisition module comprises an optical fiber 2 and a signal processor 3. The signal processor 3 may include a laser, an optical path bi-directional coupler, an optical splitter, and a receiver, among others.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical scheme of the invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method of measuring the degree of erosion of a blast furnace hearth and a blast furnace hearth, comprising the steps of:
optical fibers are buried in a refractory layer at preset positions of a blast furnace in advance along the circumferential direction of the blast furnace, wherein the preset positions are the bottom of the blast furnace and a hearth of the blast furnace;
an outlet is formed in the shell of the blast furnace;
the two ends of the optical fiber are electrically connected with a signal processor after penetrating out from the lead-out port, and the signal processor is used for transmitting laser pulses to the optical fiber and converting Raman back-scattered light scattered back by the optical fiber into a temperature signal;
calculating thickness distribution at an isotherm of a set temperature according to the temperature signal;
wherein the step of calculating the thickness distribution at the isotherm of the set temperature from the temperature signal comprises:
dividing the preset position into a plurality of area blocks;
iteratively calculating the temperature of each point in the area block according to the measured temperature and the following formula:
；
wherein the measured temperature is a temperature signal corresponding to a scattering region of the optical fiber within the region block; λ represents a thermal conductivity coefficient of the preset position; t represents the temperature of any point in the area block; z represents the height at which any point in the region block is located; r represents the radial distance from any point in the regional block to the central shaft of the blast furnace; θ represents an azimuth angle of any point in the area block with respect to the central shaft of the blast furnace;
the shape and location of the 1150 ℃ isotherm is determined from the temperatures at various points within all of the region blocks to obtain the thickness distribution at the 1150 ℃ isotherm.
2. The method for measuring the degree of erosion of a blast furnace bottom and a blast furnace hearth according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of: and a standby outlet is formed in the shell of the blast furnace, the optical fiber is cut off from the position corresponding to the standby outlet so as to form two standby outlets, and the two standby outlets are electrically connected with the signal processor after being penetrated out from the standby outlet.
3. The method for measuring the erosion degree of the bottom and the hearth of a blast furnace according to claim 1, wherein the optical fibers are arranged in a zigzag or wave shape along the circumferential direction of the blast furnace.
4. The method for measuring the erosion degree of the bottom and the hearth of a blast furnace according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of said optical fibers are provided in the refractory layer at the predetermined position in the radial direction of the blast furnace.
5. The method for measuring the erosion degree of the bottom and the hearth of a blast furnace according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of said optical fibers are buried in the refractory layer at said predetermined position in the height direction of said blast furnace.
6. The method for measuring the erosion degree of the bottom and the hearth of a blast furnace according to claim 5, wherein projections of the outlets corresponding to two adjacent optical fibers on the same horizontal plane have included angles.
7. The method for measuring the erosion degree of the bottom and the hearth of a blast furnace according to claim 1, wherein said step of embedding optical fibers in advance in a refractory layer at a predetermined position of the blast furnace in the circumferential direction of the blast furnace comprises: when the brick lining at the inner side of the blast furnace is built, a ring groove is formed along the outer wall of the brick lining; and clamping the optical fiber part into the annular groove, and coating refractory materials on the outer wall of the brick lining to form a refractory layer.
8. The method of measuring the degree of erosion of a furnace hearth and bottom of a furnace according to claim 1, wherein the distance between adjacent scattering areas in the optical fiber is not less than 100mm.
9. A blast furnace comprising a shell, a refractory layer and a brick lining which are sequentially arranged from outside to inside, wherein the erosion degree of the blast furnace bottom and the blast furnace hearth of the blast furnace is measured by adopting the method for measuring the erosion degree of the blast furnace bottom and the blast furnace hearth of the blast furnace according to any one of claims 1 to 8; optical fibers are buried in the refractory layers at the bottom of the blast furnace and at the hearth of the blast furnace along the circumferential direction of the blast furnace respectively, the shell is provided with an outlet, and two ends of the optical fibers are electrically connected with the signal processor after penetrating out from the outlet.
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