CN110550997B - Process for producing vinyl chloride by catalysis of mercury-free catalyst - Google Patents
Process for producing vinyl chloride by catalysis of mercury-free catalyst Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a process for producing chloroethylene by using mercury-free catalyst catalysis, which comprises the following steps: s1, filling a catalyst; s2, activating a catalyst; and S3, synthesizing chloroethylene. The mercury-free catalyst disclosed by the invention is environment-friendly, and avoids the pollution of mercury to the environment when the traditional mercury chloride catalyst is used for producing vinyl chloride; in addition, compared with the traditional mercury chloride catalyst, the mercury-free catalyst has lower price and low cost and is more suitable for sustainable development. The mercury-free catalyst disclosed by the invention is simple in process, convenient to operate and strong in pertinence, and when the mercury-free catalyst is used for producing vinyl chloride, the catalytic activity is high, the yield of the produced vinyl chloride is high, the purity is good, the yield can reach more than 95%, the purity can reach more than 98%, the mercury-free catalyst can completely replace the traditional mercury chloride catalyst, and the mercury-free catalyst is suitable for large-scale industrial production.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to a process for producing chloroethylene, in particular to a process for producing chloroethylene by using mercury-free catalyst.
Background art:
vinyl chloride (abbreviated as VC) is a monomer for synthesizing polyvinyl chloride (abbreviated as PVC). The polyvinyl chloride resin is an important plastic raw material, is one of five general synthetic resins, has good physical and mechanical properties, and is widely applied to various fields in production and life. The production of vinyl chloride monomer is an important step in the polyvinyl chloride industry.
The synthesis process of chloroethylene mainly adopts acetylene method chloroethylene synthesis method. Acetylene and hydrogen chloride gas with certain purity are used as raw materials, mixed according to a certain proportion, added into a converter containing a catalyst, heated and reacted to generate vinyl chloride, and the reaction equation is as follows:
C2H2+HCl→C2H3Cl
at present, catalysts used for synthesizing vinyl chloride by an acetylene method are all mercury chloride catalysts. The catalyst used for synthesizing the chloroethylene is prepared by adsorbing mercuric chloride on an activated carbon carrier. Pure mercuric chloride does not play a role in catalyzing the synthesis reaction, pure activated carbon has a lower catalytic effect, and the mercuric chloride has strong catalytic activity after being adsorbed on the activated carbon. Although the yield and the selectivity of the mercury chloride catalyst used at present are higher, the mercury pollution is accompanied, and the environment is not friendly; in addition, the mercury reserves in China are small, most of mercury is imported, so that the mercury chloride catalyst is expensive, and the cost for producing vinyl chloride by using the mercury chloride catalyst is high.
Furthermore, it is known in practice that, in the synthesis process of vinyl chloride, the formulation of the catalyst and the method for producing vinyl chloride using the catalyst have a large influence on the yield and purity of vinyl chloride; in other words, the filling and using parameters of the catalyst, especially the catalytic temperature of the catalyst, are one of the key factors influencing the catalytic effect of the catalyst, and therefore, it is a difficult task that the research on a non-mercury catalyst formula and the process research for producing vinyl chloride by using the formula are long processes.
The invention content is as follows:
in order to solve the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a process for producing vinyl chloride by using mercury-free catalyst.
The invention is implemented by the following technical scheme: the process for producing vinyl chloride by using mercury-free catalyst catalysis comprises the following steps: s1, filling a catalyst; s2, activating a catalyst; s3. Synthesis of vinyl chloride, in particular
S1, catalyst filling: adding a support net with meshes not larger than 20mm at the bottom of a tube array of the tube array type converter, and paving 30-40mm of active carbon on the support net; then filling mercury-free catalyst in the tubes on the upper part of the activated carbon; then introducing nitrogen into the tube array to carry out pressurization and leakage detection, and then introducing hot nitrogen to dry the mercury-free catalyst for 24-48 h;
s2, catalyst activation: introducing 110-120 ℃ dried acetylene and hydrogen chloride gas into the converter after the filling is finished, wherein the opening of an inlet valve is 10 percent, continuously discharging acid for 12 hours at the bottom of the converter every 2 hours;
s3, synthesizing chloroethylene: controlling the molar ratio of acetylene to hydrogen chloride to be 1: 1.05-1.07, introducing the mixed gas with the preheating temperature of more than 45 ℃ into a converter, culturing for 10-30 days, adjusting the introduction amount of acetylene gas according to the cooling capacity of the converter, and controlling the temperature to be between 90 and 120 ℃;
after the culture period is finished, the introduction amount of acetylene gas is adjusted according to the cooling capacity of the reactor, and the molar ratio of acetylene to hydrogen chloride is controlled to be 1: 1.05-1.07, and the reaction temperature is 120-180 ℃ to obtain the chloroethylene product.
Further, in S1, catalyst filling, after filling the mercury-free catalyst in the tubular converter, knocking the outer edge of the tubular converter by using an explosion-proof tool, vibrating and tamping the mercury-free catalyst to prevent the mercury-free catalyst from bridging short circuit, and introducing mixed gas for a short time to reduce the conversion rate.
Further, in the S1. catalyst filling process, in order to prevent the mercury-free catalyst from absorbing moisture, filling of the mercury-free catalyst is completed within 2 hours after the bag is opened.
Further, in the S1. catalyst filling process, the temperature of hot nitrogen introduced into the converter is 50-60 ℃.
Further, in the S3. synthesis of vinyl chloride, the reaction temperature of acetylene and hydrogen chloride after the end of the cultivation period is 145-150 ℃.
Further, the mercury-free catalyst comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1 part of antimony tetrachloride, 1-2 parts of polyvinylpyrrolidone, 3-6 parts of cuprous chloride, 2-5 parts of methyl rhenium trioxide, 2-4 parts of palladium dichloride (1, 5-cyclooctadiene), 1-2 parts of dibutyltin dilaurate and the balance of a carrier to 100 parts.
The mercury-free catalyst can be prepared by the following preparation method: firstly, dissolving antimony tetrachloride and polyvinylpyrrolidone in water; then, methyl rhenium trioxide, (1, 5-cyclooctadiene) palladium dichloride and dibutyltin dilaurate are added under stirring to prepare a first solution; dissolving cuprous chloride in ethanol to prepare a second solution, finally immersing the carrier in the first solution, carrying out ultrasonic vibration, and dropwise adding the second solution; and finally, filtering, and calcining a filter cake at high temperature to obtain the mercury-free catalyst.
Further, the carrier is activated carbon.
Further, the carrier is a carbon nanotube.
The invention has the advantages that: the mercury-free catalyst disclosed by the invention is environment-friendly, and avoids the pollution of mercury to the environment when the traditional mercury chloride catalyst is used for producing vinyl chloride; in addition, compared with the traditional mercury chloride catalyst, the mercury-free catalyst has lower price and low cost and is more suitable for sustainable development. The mercury-free catalyst disclosed by the invention is simple in process, convenient to operate and strong in pertinence, and when the mercury-free catalyst is used for producing vinyl chloride, the catalytic activity is high, the yield of the produced vinyl chloride is high, the purity is good, the yield can reach more than 95%, the purity can reach more than 98%, the mercury-free catalyst can completely replace the traditional mercury chloride catalyst, and the mercury-free catalyst is suitable for large-scale industrial production.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment of the invention is an embodiment of preparing a mercury-free catalyst, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1 part of antimony tetrachloride, 1.5 parts of polyvinylpyrrolidone, 6 parts of cuprous chloride, 4 parts of methyl rhenium trioxide, 3 parts of (1, 5-cyclooctadiene) palladium dichloride, 1.5 parts of dibutyltin dilaurate and a carbon nano tube as a carrier.
The mercury-free catalyst is prepared by the following preparation method: firstly, dissolving antimony tetrachloride and polyvinylpyrrolidone in water; then, methyl rhenium trioxide, (1, 5-cyclooctadiene) palladium dichloride and dibutyltin dilaurate are added under stirring to prepare a first solution; dissolving cuprous chloride in ethanol to prepare a second solution, finally immersing the carrier in the first solution, carrying out ultrasonic vibration, and dropwise adding the second solution; and finally, filtering, and calcining a filter cake at high temperature to obtain the mercury-free catalyst.
Example 2
This example is an example of the preparation of a mercury-free catalyst, differing from example 1 in that the proportion of cuprous chloride is 4 parts.
Example 3
This example is an example of the preparation of a mercury-free catalyst, differing from example 1 in that the proportion of cuprous chloride is 3 parts.
Example 4
This example is an example of the preparation of a mercury-free catalyst, differing from example 1 in that 2 parts of polyvinylpyrrolidone, 5 parts of methyltrioxorhenium, 4 parts of (1, 5-cyclooctadiene) palladium dichloride and 2 parts of dibutyltin dilaurate are used.
Example 5
This example is an example of the preparation of a mercury-free catalyst, differing from example 1 in that 1 part of polyvinylpyrrolidone, 2 parts of methyltrioxorhenium, 2 parts of (1, 5-cyclooctadiene) palladium dichloride and 1 part of dibutyltin dilaurate are used.
Example 6
This example is an example of the preparation of a mercury-free catalyst, differing from example 1 in that the proportion of cuprous chloride is 2.5 parts.
Example 7
This example is an example of the preparation of a mercury-free catalyst, differing from example 1 in that the proportion of cuprous chloride is 6.5 parts.
Example 8:
the mercury-free catalysts prepared in examples 1-7 were used to catalytically produce vinyl chloride, comprising: s1, filling a catalyst; s2, activating a catalyst; s3. Synthesis of vinyl chloride, in particular
S1, catalyst filling: adding a support net with meshes not larger than 20mm at the bottom of a tube array of the tube array type converter, and paving 30mm of active carbon on the support net; and then filling a mercury-free catalyst in the tubes on the upper part of the activated carbon, wherein the filling of the mercury-free catalyst is finished within 2 hours after the bags are opened in order to prevent the mercury-free catalyst from absorbing moisture. Knocking the outer edge of the tubular converter by using an explosion-proof tool, vibrating and tamping the mercury-free catalyst to prevent the short circuit of a bridge of the mercury-free catalyst, introducing mixed gas for a short time to reduce the conversion rate, introducing nitrogen into the tubular converter to pressurize and detect leakage, and then introducing nitrogen at 50-60 ℃ to dry the mercury-free catalyst, wherein the drying time is 24 hours;
s2, catalyst activation: introducing 110-120 ℃ dried acetylene and hydrogen chloride gas into the converter after the filling is finished, wherein the opening of an inlet valve is 10 percent, continuously discharging acid for 12 hours at the bottom of the converter every 2 hours;
s3, synthesizing chloroethylene: controlling the molar ratio of acetylene to hydrogen chloride to be 1: 1.05 introducing mixed gas with the temperature of more than 45 ℃ after preheating into a converter, regulating the introduction amount of acetylene gas according to the cooling capacity of the converter during a culture period of 10 days, and controlling the temperature to be 90 ℃;
after the culture period is finished, the introduction amount of acetylene gas is adjusted according to the cooling capacity of the reactor, and the molar ratio of acetylene to hydrogen chloride is controlled to be 1: 1.05, the reaction temperature is 120 ℃, and a chloroethylene product is obtained.
Using the mercury-free catalysts prepared in examples 1-7, the catalytically produced vinyl chloride was labeled 8-1, 8-2, 8-3, 8-4, 8-5, 8-6, and 8-7, respectively.
Example 9:
the mercury-free catalysts prepared in examples 1-7 were used to catalytically produce vinyl chloride, comprising: s1, filling a catalyst; s2, activating a catalyst; s3. Synthesis of vinyl chloride, in particular
S1, catalyst filling: adding a support net with meshes not larger than 20mm at the bottom of a tube array of the tube array type converter, and paving 35mm of activated carbon on the support net; and then filling a mercury-free catalyst in the tubes on the upper part of the activated carbon, wherein the filling of the mercury-free catalyst is finished within 2 hours after the bags are opened in order to prevent the mercury-free catalyst from absorbing moisture. Knocking the outer edge of the tubular converter by using an explosion-proof tool, vibrating and tamping the mercury-free catalyst to prevent the short circuit of a bridge of the mercury-free catalyst, introducing mixed gas for a short time to reduce the conversion rate, introducing nitrogen into the tubular converter to pressurize and detect leakage, and introducing nitrogen at 50-60 ℃ to dry the mercury-free catalyst, wherein the drying time is 36 hours;
s2, catalyst activation: introducing 110-120 ℃ dried acetylene and hydrogen chloride gas into the converter after the filling is finished, wherein the opening of an inlet valve is 10 percent, continuously discharging acid for 12 hours at the bottom of the converter every 2 hours;
s3, synthesizing chloroethylene: controlling the molar ratio of acetylene to hydrogen chloride to be 1: 1.06, introducing mixed gas with the temperature of more than 45 ℃ after preheating into a converter, adjusting the introduction amount of acetylene gas according to the cooling capacity of the converter during a culture period of 20 days, and controlling the temperature to be 100 ℃;
after the culture period is finished, the introduction amount of acetylene gas is adjusted according to the cooling capacity of the reactor, and the molar ratio of acetylene to hydrogen chloride is controlled to be 1: 1.06, the reaction temperature is 145 ℃, and a chloroethylene product is obtained.
Using the mercury-free catalysts prepared in examples 1-7, the catalytically produced vinyl chloride was labeled 9-1, 9-2, 9-3, 9-4, 9-5, 9-6, and 9-7, respectively.
Example 10:
the mercury-free catalysts prepared in examples 1-7 were used to catalytically produce vinyl chloride, comprising: s1, filling a catalyst; s2, activating a catalyst; s3. Synthesis of vinyl chloride, in particular
S1, catalyst filling: adding a support net with meshes not larger than 20mm at the bottom of a tube array of the tube array type converter, and paving 40mm of active carbon on the support net; and then filling a mercury-free catalyst in the tubes on the upper part of the activated carbon, wherein the filling of the mercury-free catalyst is finished within 2 hours after the bags are opened in order to prevent the mercury-free catalyst from absorbing moisture. Knocking the outer edge of the tubular converter by using an explosion-proof tool, vibrating and tamping the mercury-free catalyst to prevent the short circuit of a bridge of the mercury-free catalyst, introducing mixed gas for a short time to reduce the conversion rate, introducing nitrogen into the tubular converter to pressurize and detect leakage, and then introducing nitrogen at 50 ℃ to dry the mercury-free catalyst, wherein the drying time is 48 hours;
s2, catalyst activation: introducing 110-120 ℃ dried acetylene and hydrogen chloride gas into the converter after the filling is finished, wherein the opening of an inlet valve is 10 percent, continuously discharging acid for 12 hours at the bottom of the converter every 2 hours;
s3, synthesizing chloroethylene: controlling the molar ratio of acetylene to hydrogen chloride to be 1: 1.07 introducing mixed gas with the temperature of more than 45 ℃ after preheating into a converter, wherein the culture period is 10 days, the introduction amount of acetylene gas is adjusted according to the cooling capacity of the converter, and the temperature is controlled at 120 ℃;
after the culture period is finished, the introduction amount of acetylene gas is adjusted according to the cooling capacity of the reactor, and the molar ratio of acetylene to hydrogen chloride is controlled to be 1: 1.07 at a reaction temperature of 180 ℃ to obtain a chloroethylene product.
Using the mercury-free catalysts prepared in examples 1-7, the catalytically produced vinyl chloride was labeled 10-1, 10-2, 10-3, 10-4, 10-5, 10-6, and 10-7, respectively.
Example 11
The mercury-free catalyst prepared in examples 1 to 7 was used to catalytically produce vinyl chloride, which is different from example 7 in that, in S3. synthesis of vinyl chloride, the reaction temperature of acetylene and hydrogen chloride was controlled to 110 ℃ after the end of the incubation period.
Using the mercury-free catalysts prepared in examples 1-7, the catalytically produced vinyl chloride was labeled 11-1, 11-2, 11-3, 11-4, 11-5, 11-6, and 11-7, respectively.
Example 12
The catalytic production of vinyl chloride using the mercury-free catalyst prepared in examples 1 to 7 is different from example 7 in that, in S3. synthesis of vinyl chloride, the reaction temperature of acetylene and hydrogen chloride is controlled to 185 ℃ after the end of the incubation period.
Using the mercury-free catalysts prepared in examples 1-7, the catalytically produced vinyl chloride was labeled 12-1, 12-2, 12-3, 12-4, 12-5, 12-6, and 12-7, respectively.
The yields and purities of the vinylchloride prepared in examples 8-12 were calculated by chromatography, and the results are shown in the following table
As can be seen from the table, the yield and purity of vinyl chloride prepared by the mercury-free catalysts prepared in examples 1 to 5 and the process of examples 8 to 10 were high, the yield was more than 95%, the purity was more than 98%, and the yield and purity were significantly higher than those of vinyl chloride prepared by the mercury-free catalysts of examples 6 and 7, which indicates that vinyl chloride with high purity and yield can be prepared by the mercury-free catalysts disclosed in the present invention and the production process disclosed in the present invention; when the cuprous chloride content is adjusted to be outside the mercury-free catalyst formula disclosed in the invention, the purity and yield of the prepared vinyl chloride are remarkably reduced.
It can also be seen from the table that the yield and purity of vinyl chloride prepared by the process of examples 8-10 using the mercury-free catalysts prepared in examples 1-5 were high, the yield was more than 95%, and the purity was more than 98%, which were higher than those of vinyl chloride prepared in examples 11 and 12; therefore, when the mercury-free catalyst in the scheme is used for preparing vinyl chloride, the purity and the yield of the prepared vinyl chloride are obviously reduced when the reaction temperature of acetylene and hydrogen chloride is adjusted;
therefore, the formula of the catalyst and the process for preparing vinyl chloride by adopting the catalyst have great influence on the production of the vinyl chloride, and the mercury-free catalyst disclosed by the invention can be used for preparing vinyl chloride products with higher purity and yield by adopting the process method disclosed by the invention.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (7)
1. The process for producing vinyl chloride by using mercury-free catalyst is characterized by comprising the following steps: s1, filling a catalyst; s2, activating a catalyst; s3. Synthesis of vinyl chloride, in particular
S1, catalyst filling: adding a support net with meshes not larger than 20mm at the bottom of a tube array of the tube array type converter, and paving 30-40mm of active carbon on the support net; then filling mercury-free catalyst in the tubes on the upper part of the activated carbon; then introducing nitrogen into the tube array to carry out pressurization and leakage detection, and then introducing hot nitrogen to dry the mercury-free catalyst for 24-48 h; the mercury-free catalyst comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1 part of antimony tetrachloride, 1-2 parts of polyvinylpyrrolidone, 3-6 parts of cuprous chloride, 2-5 parts of methyl rhenium trioxide, 2-4 parts of palladium dichloride (1, 5-cyclooctadiene), 1-2 parts of dibutyltin dilaurate and the balance of a carrier to 100 parts;
s2, catalyst activation: introducing 110-120 ℃ dried acetylene and hydrogen chloride gas into the converter after the filling is finished, wherein the opening of an inlet valve is 10 percent, continuously discharging acid for 12 hours at the bottom of the converter every 2 hours;
s3, synthesizing chloroethylene: controlling the molar ratio of acetylene to hydrogen chloride to be 1: 1.05-1.07, introducing mixed gas with the preheating temperature of more than 45 ℃ into a converter, culturing for 10-30 days, adjusting the introduction amount of acetylene gas according to the cooling capacity of the converter, and controlling the temperature to be between 90 and 120 ℃;
after the culture period is finished, the introduction amount of acetylene gas is adjusted according to the cooling capacity of the reactor, and the molar ratio of acetylene to hydrogen chloride is controlled to be 1: 1.05-1.07, and the reaction temperature is 120-180 ℃ to obtain the chloroethylene product.
2. The process for producing vinyl chloride under the catalysis of the mercury-free catalyst according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the mercury-free catalyst is filled in the tubular converter, and then the outer edge of the tubular converter is knocked by an explosion-proof tool to be vibrated and tamped.
3. The process for producing vinyl chloride under the catalysis of the mercury-free catalyst according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the filling of the mercury-free catalyst is completed within 2 hours after the mercury-free catalyst is opened to prevent the mercury-free catalyst from absorbing moisture.
4. The process for the catalytic production of vinyl chloride over a mercury-free catalyst as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the s1. catalyst loading, the temperature of hot nitrogen gas introduced into the converter is 50-60 ℃.
5. The process for the catalytic production of vinyl chloride with mercury-free catalyst as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the S3. synthesis of vinyl chloride, the reaction temperature of acetylene and hydrogen chloride is 145-150 ℃ after the end of the culture period.
6. The process for the catalytic production of vinyl chloride over a mercury-free catalyst as claimed in claim 1, wherein the support is activated carbon.
7. The process for the catalytic production of vinyl chloride over a mercury-free catalyst as claimed in claim 1, wherein the support is carbon nanotubes.
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| GB936982A (en) * | 1959-12-08 | 1963-09-18 | Knapsack Ag | Process for preparing vinyl chloride |
| WO2012113778A1 (en) * | 2011-02-24 | 2012-08-30 | Solvay Sa | Process for the hydrohalogenation of an alkyne and for the manufacture of vinyl chloride by hydrochlorination of acetylene |
| CN106215977A (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2016-12-14 | 宁夏新龙蓝天科技股份有限公司 | A kind of high synthesis vinyl chloride of activity that is catalyzed is without mercury catalyst and preparation method thereof |
| CN106944151A (en) * | 2017-03-22 | 2017-07-14 | 厦门中科易工化学科技有限公司 | It is a kind of for catalyst without mercury of acetylene hydrochlorination synthesis vinyl chloride thereof and its preparation method and application |
| CN109701516A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-05-03 | 安徽华塑股份有限公司 | For synthesis vinyl chloride thereof without mercury catalyst and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB936982A (en) * | 1959-12-08 | 1963-09-18 | Knapsack Ag | Process for preparing vinyl chloride |
| WO2012113778A1 (en) * | 2011-02-24 | 2012-08-30 | Solvay Sa | Process for the hydrohalogenation of an alkyne and for the manufacture of vinyl chloride by hydrochlorination of acetylene |
| CN106215977A (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2016-12-14 | 宁夏新龙蓝天科技股份有限公司 | A kind of high synthesis vinyl chloride of activity that is catalyzed is without mercury catalyst and preparation method thereof |
| CN106944151A (en) * | 2017-03-22 | 2017-07-14 | 厦门中科易工化学科技有限公司 | It is a kind of for catalyst without mercury of acetylene hydrochlorination synthesis vinyl chloride thereof and its preparation method and application |
| CN109701516A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-05-03 | 安徽华塑股份有限公司 | For synthesis vinyl chloride thereof without mercury catalyst and preparation method thereof |
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