CN110544942B - Reactive compensation type capacitor voltage-reducing electricity-taking device and working method - Google Patents
Reactive compensation type capacitor voltage-reducing electricity-taking device and working method Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
- H02M5/02—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc
- H02M5/04—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
- H02M5/10—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using transformers
- H02M5/12—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using transformers for conversion of voltage or current amplitude only
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Abstract
The invention discloses a reactive compensation type capacitor voltage-reducing electricity-taking device, which comprises a high-voltage electricity-taking capacitor, a voltage-reducing capacitor and a voltage-reducing capacitor, wherein the high-voltage electricity-taking capacitor is used for obtaining stable alternating current from a high-voltage side alternating voltage; the compensation capacitor is used for compensating the exciting current of the transformer; the voltage dependent resistor is used for absorbing impact current and limiting the voltage of the power taking loop; the transformer is used for increasing alternating current, improving power taking power and outputting the obtained alternating current. The invention can obtain high-power and stable electric energy at high potential points such as a high-voltage line, can deal with various overvoltage possibly occurring at a high-voltage side, and can provide power for various monitoring devices and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of power supplies, and particularly relates to a reactive compensation type capacitor voltage reduction power taking device.
Background
Along with the construction of the ubiquitous power internet of things, the requirements of various intelligent terminals are continuously expanded, 5.4 billion monitoring devices such as intelligent electric meters in the current power internet of things are connected, and billions of intelligent terminals are equipped in a power grid in the future. Monitoring devices such as intelligent terminals in the power internet of things are mainly used for monitoring the running state of a power system and the running state of various power equipment and uploading running data to the system in real time. The monitoring and communication of intelligent terminal all need power drive, based on monitoring devices 'such as intelligent terminal's cardinality, extremely large-range installation position, the battery power supply mode has been unavailable, must seek other power supply modes.
At present, the power supply modes of the intelligent terminal mainly comprise solar power supply, electromagnetic induction power supply, capacitor voltage division power supply and capacitor voltage reduction power supply. The solar energy and storage battery combined power supply mode is seriously influenced by the region and weather factors, and the power supply reliability is low; the electricity taking power of the electromagnetic induction electricity taking mode depends on the current of a power grid, and the electricity taking on a line with large current change of the power grid is unstable and is difficult to apply; the capacitor voltage-dividing power-taking circuit affects the power-taking capacitor voltage-dividing ratio and has limited loading capacity. The power taking power by the capacitor voltage reduction power taking mode depends on the voltage of a power grid, is not influenced by other factors such as the current of the power grid and the like, and is stable; however, in the power-taking mode, constant-current input is generated through a high-voltage capacitor, and the voltage of a power-taking loop is increased in no-load, so that a reliable voltage clamping circuit and a reliable protection circuit are needed.
The main threats of electricity taking through capacitor voltage reduction are as follows: the voltage continues to rise due to low load and over-voltage in the power system. The capacitor voltage reduction and power taking module is similar to a current source, if a load is cut off due to faults or other reasons or the load is reduced, the capacitor is continuously charged, the voltage is continuously increased, and protection measures for voltage increase caused by load cutting must be provided. The overvoltage of the power system mainly comprises lightning overvoltage and operation overvoltage, and when the overvoltage occurs, because the overvoltage is mainly on the voltage reduction capacitor, kiloampere-level impact current occurs in the rising edge of the impact voltage in the power taking loop, the current generates high-frequency impact voltage on the primary side of the transformer, and the operation of equipment such as the transformer is seriously threatened. The electricity-taking device adopting the capacitance voltage reduction mode must be provided with a device for reliably absorbing the high-frequency impact current so as to avoid the damage of overvoltage to the electricity-taking device. Particularly, for 10kV voltage class, the requirements of being capable of resisting 75kV lightning and operation overvoltage are met; for a voltage level of 35kV, it is desirable to withstand lightning and operating overvoltages of 185 kV. The existing solution has poor reliability; the power taking power is low, and the overcurrent and overvoltage protection and the load side protection of the power taking loop are lacked.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a reactive compensation type capacitor step-down power-taking device to solve the power supply problem of the power grid monitoring device, aiming at the defects in the prior art.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a reactive compensation type capacitor voltage reduction electricity taking device comprises:
the high-voltage electricity taking capacitor is used for obtaining stable alternating current from the high-voltage side alternating voltage;
the compensation capacitor is used for compensating the exciting current of the transformer;
the voltage dependent resistor is used for absorbing impact current and limiting the voltage of the power taking loop;
and the transformer is used for increasing the obtained alternating current, improving the power taking power and outputting the obtained alternating current.
Specifically, a primary side winding of the transformer is connected with a high-voltage electricity taking capacitor; one end of the high-voltage electricity-taking capacitor is connected with the high-voltage side, the other end of the high-voltage electricity-taking capacitor is divided into three paths, one path of the high-voltage electricity-taking capacitor is connected with one end of the compensation capacitor, the second path of the high-voltage electricity-taking capacitor is connected with one end of the piezoresistor, the third path of the high-voltage electricity-taking capacitor is connected with one end of the primary side winding of.
Specifically, the compensation capacitance is 5-100 nF.
Further, the high-voltage power-taking capacitor is 100-7000 pF, and the excitation inductance of the transformer is 200-700H.
Specifically, the voltage-dependent voltage of the voltage-dependent resistor is 3-5 times of the effective value of the primary voltage of the transformer.
According to the reactive compensation type capacitor voltage reduction electricity taking method, a high-voltage electricity taking capacitor obtains stable alternating current at a high-voltage side alternating voltage position, the current is 1-30 mA, the alternating current is increased through a transformer, and meanwhile, the compensation capacitor compensates exciting current of the transformer; the secondary side of the transformer outputs the obtained current.
Specifically, the magnitude of the stable alternating current obtained by the high-voltage power-taking capacitor from the high-voltage side for the later-stage power input is determined by the capacitance value of the high-voltage power-taking capacitor.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
according to the reactive compensation type capacitor voltage-reducing electricity-taking device, stable alternating current is obtained from a high-voltage side through the high-voltage electricity-taking capacitor, the current is increased through the transformer, the high-voltage electricity-taking capacitor takes electricity from the high-voltage side, the electricity-taking current can be limited, the fluctuation of the current on the high-voltage side does not influence the electricity-taking device, the transformer converts the alternating current with low voltage and high current into the alternating current with low voltage and high current, and available electric energy is provided for subsequent circuits and loads; the voltage dependent resistor is used for impact protection of the power taking device, and when overvoltage occurs on a high-voltage side, impact current is released to protect a power taking loop element; the compensation capacitor compensates the exciting current of the transformer to improve the output power, and the voltage dependent resistor absorbs large current when overvoltage occurs on the high-voltage side to protect the power taking device from being damaged.
Furthermore, the high-voltage power taking capacitor is 100-7000 pF, the compensation capacitor is 5-100 nF, the excitation inductance of the transformer is 200-700H, the requirement of large-range power taking power under different voltage levels can be met, and the high power taking efficiency is achieved.
Furthermore, the voltage-sensitive voltage of the voltage-sensitive resistor is 3-5 times of the effective value of the primary voltage of the transformer, and the impact protection can be realized when the high-voltage side is normal or fails under different voltage levels.
The invention also discloses a working method of the reactive compensation type capacitor voltage reduction electricity taking device, electricity taking power is increased through the transformer, exciting current of the capacitor compensation transformer is compensated, and the maximum power can be obtained in a capacitor voltage reduction mode.
In summary, the reactive compensation type capacitor voltage-reducing and electricity-taking device and the working method provided by the invention can obtain high-power and stable electric energy at high potential points such as a high-voltage line, can cope with various overvoltage possibly occurring at a high-voltage side, and can provide power for various monitoring devices and the like.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a power-taking device according to the present invention.
Wherein: 1. taking a capacitor at high voltage; 2. a compensation capacitor; 3. a voltage dependent resistor; 4. a transformer.
Detailed Description
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
The invention provides a reactive compensation type capacitor voltage-reducing electricity-taking device, which takes electricity from a high-voltage side through a high-voltage electricity-taking capacitor, supplies power to a load through a compensation capacitor, a transformer, a rectifying circuit, a filter capacitor, a voltage-stabilizing module and a DC-DC module, can limit the voltage of an electricity-taking loop when impact voltage occurs on the high-voltage side through a voltage dependent resistor and the compensation capacitor, and has high electricity-taking power and high power supply reliability.
Referring to fig. 1, the reactive compensation type capacitor step-down power-taking device of the present invention includes a high voltage power-taking capacitor 1, a compensation capacitor 2, a voltage dependent resistor 3 and a transformer 4.
One end of the high-voltage electricity taking capacitor is connected with the high-voltage side, and the other end of the high-voltage electricity taking capacitor is connected with the input end of the rectifier module 5 through the transformer 4 and used for obtaining stable alternating current from the alternating voltage of the high-voltage side and outputting the stable alternating current after the stable alternating current is increased through the transformer 4; and a voltage dependent resistor 3 is arranged between the compensation capacitor 2 and the transformer 4 and used for limiting the voltage of the power taking loop.
Referring to fig. 1, one end of a high voltage power-taking capacitor 1 is connected to a high voltage side, the other end is divided into three paths, one path is connected to one end of a compensation capacitor 2, the second path is connected to one end of a voltage dependent resistor 3, the third path is connected to one end of a primary winding of a transformer 4, and the compensation capacitor 2, the voltage dependent resistor 3 and the other end of the primary winding of the transformer 4 are grounded.
The working principle of the reactive compensation type capacitor voltage-reducing power-taking device is as follows:
the high-voltage electricity taking capacitor 1 obtains stable alternating current through the high-voltage side alternating voltage, the alternating current is increased through the transformer 4, and meanwhile, the compensation capacitor 2 compensates the exciting current of the transformer 4;
the high-voltage power-taking capacitor 1 is used for obtaining stable alternating current for rear-stage power input from a high-voltage side, the size of the alternating current is determined by the capacitance value of the high-voltage power-taking capacitor 1, and the high-voltage power-taking capacitor 1 is 100-7000 pF.
The compensation capacitor 2 is used for compensating the exciting current of the transformer 4, the power taking power of the device can be increased, meanwhile, when overvoltage occurs on the high-voltage side, partial high-frequency impact current can be discharged, and the compensation capacitor 2 is 5-100 nF.
The voltage dependent resistor 3 is used for releasing an impact current when overvoltage occurs on a high-voltage side to limit the voltage of the power taking loop, and the voltage dependent voltage is 3-5 times of the effective value of the primary voltage of the transformer.
The transformer 4 is used for increasing the current in the power taking loop so as to obtain the power meeting the load requirement. The current in the primary and secondary windings of the transformer 4 is inversely proportional to the number of turns of the primary and secondary windings, the excitation inductance of the transformer 4 is 200-700H, and the secondary voltage is 5-380V.
The output power calculation formula is as follows:
where P is the output power, C1For a step-down capacitor, C2For compensating the capacitance, L is the exciting inductance of the transformer, U is the effective value of the voltage at the high-voltage side, and U isTThe effective value of the primary side voltage of the transformer is obtained; ω is 2 pi f, and f is the system frequency.
Therefore, the theoretical upper limit of the power taking is as follows:
Pmax＝ωC1UTU
the conditions for satisfying the maximum power are:
determining the effective value U of the primary side voltage of the transformer by taking parameters such as the effective value U of the high-voltage side voltage, the power taking power P and the like as requirements, taking the power taking power theory as constraint and taking the reactive power of a minimization device as an optimization targetTVoltage reducing capacitor C1And a compensation capacitor C2Namely:
make the reactive power of the device 0, namely the effective value U of the primary side voltage of the transformerTEqual to the high-side voltage effective value U. Taking into account the leakage resistance of the transformer, UTThere is an optimum value of:
wherein r is1Is the leakage resistance of the primary winding of the transformer. After the excitation inductance and the voltage reduction capacitance are determined, the primary side voltage is checked to be 0-U by the above formulaTMIn the meantime. When the excitation inductance and the voltage reduction capacitance are not determined, the excitation inductance and the excitation inductance range of the transformer are determined according to the volume of the deviceThe enclosure is 200-700H. The calculation mode of the voltage reduction capacitor is as follows:
wherein k is the loss factor, is the necessary loss including components such as transformer, voltage stabilizing module, and the step-down electric capacity range is 100 ~ 7000 pF. Calculating an excitation inductance and a voltage reduction capacitor according to the two formulas, and calculating a compensation capacitor, wherein the capacitance value range is 5-100 nF:
the working voltage calculation formula of the voltage reduction capacitor is as follows:
in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of the embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The 10kV power transmission line power taking device is installed between a 10kV line and the ground and used for supplying power to loads such as a monitor and a DTU device after the 10kV power transmission line takes power.
The high-voltage electricity taking capacitor is a 2000pF high-voltage capacitor;
a high-voltage capacitor with a compensation capacitance of 48 nF;
the effective value of the voltage of the primary side of the transformer is 680V;
the voltage-sensitive voltage of the voltage-sensitive resistor is 3 times of the primary voltage of the transformer, and the current flows through the voltage-sensitive resistor by 1 kA;
the transformer is 720V/5V, and the excitation inductance is 200H.
Example 2
The 10kV power transmission line power taking device is installed between the 10kV power transmission line and the ground.
The high-voltage electricity taking capacitor is a 7000pF high-voltage capacitor;
the compensation capacitor is a high-voltage capacitor with 6 nF;
the effective value of the voltage of the primary side of the transformer is 4000V;
the voltage-sensitive voltage of the voltage-sensitive resistor is 5 times of the primary voltage of the transformer, and the current flows through the voltage-sensitive resistor by 5 kA;
the transformer is 4200V/380V, and the excitation inductance is 700H.
Example 3
The 35kV transmission line power taking device is installed between the 35kV transmission line and the ground.
The high-voltage electricity taking capacitor is a high-voltage capacitor with 1000 pF;
a high-voltage capacitor with a compensation capacitor of 49 nF;
the effective value of the primary voltage of the transformer is 480V;
the voltage-sensitive voltage of the voltage-sensitive resistor is 3 times of the primary voltage of the transformer, and the current flows through the voltage-sensitive resistor by 3 kA;
the transformer is 500V/5V, and the exciting inductance is 200H.
Example 4
The 35kV transmission line power taking device is installed between the 35kV transmission line and the ground.
The high-voltage electricity taking capacitor is a high-voltage capacitor of 3000 pF;
a high-voltage capacitor with a compensation capacitance of 20 nF;
the effective value of the voltage of the primary side of the transformer is 2000V;
the voltage-dependent voltage of the voltage-dependent resistor is 5 times of the primary voltage of the transformer, and the current flows through the voltage-dependent resistor by 10 kA;
the transformer is 2160V/24V, and the exciting inductance is 400H.
Example 5
The 110kV power transmission line power taking device is installed between the 110kV power transmission line and the ground.
The high-voltage electricity taking capacitor is a high-voltage capacitor with 100 pF;
a high-voltage capacitor with a compensation capacitor of 13 nF;
the effective value of the voltage of the primary side of the transformer is 680V;
the voltage-sensitive voltage of the voltage-sensitive resistor is 3 times of the primary voltage of the transformer, and the current flows through the voltage-sensitive resistor by 2 kA;
the transformer is 500V/5V, and the excitation inductance is 700H.
Example 6
The 110kV power transmission line power taking device is installed between the 110kV power transmission line and the ground.
The high-voltage electricity taking capacitor is a high-voltage capacitor of 700 pF;
the compensation capacitor is a high-voltage capacitor with 18 nF;
the effective value of the primary voltage of the transformer is 3000V;
the voltage-dependent voltage of the voltage-dependent resistor is 5 times of the primary voltage of the transformer, and the current flows through the voltage-dependent resistor by 10 kA;
the transformer is 2880V/220V, and the excitation inductance is 500H.
The above embodiments are applied to the power taking device of 10kV, 35kV and 110kV lines, respectively, and the steady state working data table is as follows:
| example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 | Example 5 | Example 6 | |
| Voltage class/kV | 10 | 10 | 35 | 35 | 110 | 110 |
| Get electric capacity/pF | 2000 | 7000 | 1000 | 3000 | 100 | 700 |
| Excitation inductance/H | 200 | 700 | 200 | 400 | 700 | 500 |
| Output voltage/V | 5 | 24 | 5 | 24 | 5 | 24 |
| Output power/W | 1.0 | 35 | 1.8 | 30.7 | 1.1 | 29.2 |
The embodiments 1 and 2 are applied to a 10kV system, and can respectively obtain 1W power and 35W power; examples 3 and 4 are applied to a 35kV system, and can respectively obtain power of 1.8W and 30.7W; examples 5 and 6 are applied to a 110kV system, and can respectively obtain power of 1.1W and 29.2W. The six embodiments can bear high-amplitude impact current generated when overvoltage occurs in the system, and power supply is reliable.
The above-mentioned contents are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modification made on the basis of the technical idea of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The utility model provides a reactive compensation formula electric installation is got in electric capacity step-down which characterized in that includes:
the high-voltage power taking capacitor (1) is used for obtaining stable alternating current from a high-voltage side alternating voltage position, the high-voltage power taking capacitor (1) is 100-7000 pF, and the excitation inductance of the transformer (4) is 200-700H;
the compensation capacitor (2) is used for compensating the exciting current of the transformer (4), and the compensation capacitor (2) is 5-100 nF;
the voltage dependent resistor (3) is used for absorbing impact current and limiting the voltage of the power taking loop, and the voltage dependent voltage of the voltage dependent resistor (3) is 3-5 times of the effective value of the primary voltage of the transformer;
the transformer (4) is used for increasing the obtained alternating current, improving the electricity taking power and outputting the obtained alternating current, and a primary side winding of the transformer (4) is connected with the high-voltage electricity taking capacitor (1); one end of the high-voltage electricity-taking capacitor (1) is connected with the high-voltage side, the other end of the high-voltage electricity-taking capacitor is divided into three paths, one path of the high-voltage electricity-taking capacitor is connected with one end of the compensation capacitor (2), the second path of the high-voltage electricity-taking capacitor is connected with one end of the piezoresistor (3), the third path of the high-voltage electricity-taking capacitor is connected with one end of the primary side winding of the transformer (4), and the other ends of the compensation capacitor.
2. The working method of the reactive compensation type capacitor voltage reduction electricity taking device according to claim 1, wherein the high-voltage electricity taking capacitor obtains stable alternating current at a high-voltage side alternating voltage, the current is 1-30 mA, the alternating current is increased through a transformer, and meanwhile, the compensation capacitor compensates for the exciting current of the transformer; the secondary side of the transformer outputs the obtained current.
3. The operating method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the amount of the stable alternating current that the high voltage electricity-taking capacitor obtains from the high voltage side for the subsequent power input is determined by the capacitance of the high voltage electricity-taking capacitor.
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| CN112600182B (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2022-04-22 | 西安交通大学 | 10kV capacitor current-limiting power taking device and protection method |
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| US20140176336A1 (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2014-06-26 | eLuminon, LLC. | System, method, and apparatus for remotely monitoring surge arrester conditions |
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