CN110544831B - Indoor outer relay communication window form antenna - Google Patents
Indoor outer relay communication window form antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN110544831B CN110544831B CN201910811312.3A CN201910811312A CN110544831B CN 110544831 B CN110544831 B CN 110544831B CN 201910811312 A CN201910811312 A CN 201910811312A CN 110544831 B CN110544831 B CN 110544831B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
- H01Q13/106—Microstrip slot antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/08—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a rectilinear path
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q1/00—Details of selecting apparatus or arrangements
- H04Q1/02—Constructional details
- H04Q1/08—Frames or mounting racks for relays; Accessories therefor
Abstract
The invention discloses an indoor and outdoor relay communication window antenna. The wireless relay window comprises a slot antenna unit, a connecting wire, a window frame and a wireless relay transceiver. The antenna unit is of a double-sided metal structure, the upper surface metal layer and the lower surface metal layer are respectively provided with a cross gap and an oval gap, the middle part of the antenna unit is made of a dielectric material, and one side of the cross gap is outwards arranged on the window frame. The antenna units are vertically arranged on the window frame at periodic intervals, one row of the antenna cross-shaped slits face indoors, the other row of the antenna cross-shaped slits face outdoors, and the maximum directions of antenna directional diagrams of the antenna units are respectively directed indoors and outdoors. And the feeder lines of each row of antennas are connected in parallel and are respectively connected to two ends of the wireless relay transceiver to realize the receiving, amplification and transmission of indoor and outdoor wireless signals. The invention has compact structure, is compatible with various metal window structures, can be used as a wireless communication relay station, particularly a 5G communication relay station, solves the problem of insufficient indoor signals in wireless communication coverage, and effectively improves the quality of wireless communication.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an indoor and outdoor wireless communication relay antenna taking a window body as a carrier, belongs to the technical field of antennas, and particularly can be used as a relay station for wireless communication to enhance indoor and outdoor communication signals and improve wireless communication quality.
Background
With the development of socio-economy, various technologies are continuously changing, especially in the aspect of wireless communication. The wireless communication technology breaks through the traditional communication application mode, has strong natural disaster resistance, does not depend on a power grid network frame in the aspect of construction, has the excellent characteristics of long transmission distance, non-line-of-sight transmission and the like, and can furthest make up the unfavorable defects of simplification, incomplete coverage and the like of the mode in the current practical communication application. However, when transmitting high frequency band signals, electromagnetic waves almost travel in a straight line, the diffraction capability is very weak, the signals are easily blocked by obstacles, even if the signals can 'penetrate' the obstacles, the transmitted signals are greatly attenuated, especially, when the frequency is higher, the generated attenuation is larger, the signal reception is more unstable, and especially for indoor users, the attenuation of wireless communication signals can cause great influence on the use of wireless equipment by the users.
In recent years, the fifth generation mobile communication system 5G has become a hot spot in the communication industry and academic research. Due to the fact that the 5G commercial frequency band is shifted upwards, the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave is shortened, and the 5G has the problems of poor penetration and unstable signals besides poor coverage. According to the rules established by 3GPP, the wireless base stations can be divided into four categories, which are macro base stations, micro base stations, pico base stations, and femto base stations, respectively, according to power. In the 5G era, indoor and outdoor full coverage difficulty is increased by using a single macro base station. On one hand, the 5G uses the frequency band to move upwards compared with the 4G, so that the 5G macro base station signal is more attenuated than the 4G when penetrating through the wall, and the indoor signal coverage difficulty is obvious. Outdoor signals can only provide shallow indoor coverage after penetrating through barriers such as brick walls, glass, cement and the like, and good experience required by indoor deep coverage cannot be guaranteed, so that the traditional mode of covering the indoor space outdoors faces more challenges. Meanwhile, the indoor 5G new service puts higher requirements on indoor coverage experience, and compared with outdoor network construction, the indoor network construction period is longer and the difficulty is higher. For this reason, the 5G selects a networking mode of "macro base station as a master and small base station as an auxiliary" to realize indoor and outdoor comprehensive coverage.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an indoor and outdoor relay communication window antenna which can be compatible with various metal window structures and aims to solve the problems of indoor and outdoor communication caused by poor penetrability of wireless communication signals and unstable signals at the present stage.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the window body comprises a window body frame, and two groups of antenna arrays and wireless relay transceivers which are arranged in the window body frame, wherein the two sides of the window body frame are respectively provided with the group of antenna arrays, each group of antenna arrays mainly comprises a plurality of slot antenna units which are arranged at equal intervals along the side edge of the window body frame, the wireless relay transceivers are arranged at the bottom of the window body frame, and the two groups of antenna arrays are respectively connected to the two ends of the wireless relay transceivers.
The slot antenna unit comprises a medium carrier, a lower layer radiation slot, an upper layer radiation slot and a feed port, wherein metal thin layers are covered on the upper surface and the lower surface of the medium carrier, the metal thin layers on the upper surface are hollowed out to form the upper layer radiation slot in a cross structure, the metal thin layers on the lower surface are hollowed out to form the lower layer radiation slot in an oval structure, the metal thin layers on the lower surface are also hollowed out to form a strip slot, one end of the strip slot is communicated with the lower layer radiation slot, and the other end of the strip slot is communicated with the edge of the medium; the lower radiation slot is internally concentrically provided with a ring structure, the metal strip is arranged in the strip slot, one end of the metal strip is connected with the ring structure, the other end of the metal strip is connected with a feed port arranged at the edge of the medium carrier, and all slot antenna units of the same group of antenna arrays are connected in parallel and then connected with the wireless relay transceiver through connecting wires.
All the slot antenna units of one group of antenna arrays are arranged on the inner side surface, facing the indoor, of the window frame, the upper-layer radiation slots of all the slot antenna units face the indoor, all the slot antenna units of the other group of antenna arrays are arranged on the outer side surface, facing the outdoor, of the window frame, and the upper-layer radiation slots of all the slot antenna units face the outdoor.
Electromagnetic wave signals from the outdoor are received by the antenna array facing the outdoor and then input to the wireless relay transceiver, the signals are filtered and amplified by the wireless relay transceiver, and then feed excitation is carried out by the antenna array facing the indoor to radiate electromagnetic waves to the indoor, so that the indoor signals are enhanced; similarly, the electromagnetic wave signals from the indoor space are sequentially acted by the two antenna arrays, so that the signals transmitted to the outdoor space are enhanced.
The wireless relay transceiver comprises a first duplexer, a first low noise amplifier L NA, a first band pass filter BPF, a first power amplifier SPA, a second duplexer, a second low noise amplifier L NA, a second band pass filter BPF and a second power amplifier SPA which are sequentially connected end to end, wherein one group of antenna arrays are connected with the first duplexer as indoor transceiving antennas, and the other group of antenna arrays are connected with the second duplexer as outdoor transceiving antennas.
The center of the cross-shaped structure of the upper-layer radiation gap is positioned in the center of the medium carrier, the two crossed sides of the cross-shaped structure have the same width but different lengths, the two ends of the longer side are respectively provided with a rectangular structure, and the width of the rectangular structure is greater than that of the crossed sides.
The elliptical structure of the lower radiation gap is positioned in the center of the medium carrier, the annular structure is also elliptical, the long axis of the ellipse is collinear with the long axis of the lower radiation gap, and the metal strip is rectangular.
The feed port is connected with the microstrip interface, the microstrip interface is connected with the coaxial line, the feed port feeds power through the coaxial line, and each slot antenna unit is connected with other slot antenna units in parallel through the feed port and the lead-out coaxial line. The invention adopts a multi-path power division method to feed simultaneously, and changes the excitation current phase of the slot antenna unit by adjusting the length of the coaxial line.
The medium carrier material is FR4 sheet material or other high-hardness insulating sheet materials.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the two slot antenna unit arrays arranged in the invention face indoors and outdoors respectively to receive and transmit indoor and outdoor signals; each array structure can greatly improve the overall gain performance of the antenna; the excitation current phase of each slot antenna unit is adjusted by changing the length of the coaxial line connected with the feed port, so that the direction of each array radiation main lobe is adjusted within a larger angle; the wireless relay transceiver carries out filtering and amplification processing on the received signals, so that signal transmission is more stable, the whole system can solve the problem of insufficient indoor signals in wireless communication coverage, and the wireless communication quality is effectively improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the upper surface structure of a slot antenna unit of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the lower surface of the slot antenna unit of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a sash slot antenna unit according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a directional diagram of a sash slot antenna unit according to embodiment 1 of the present invention at 90 °;
fig. 6 is a graph of S11 of the sash slot antenna unit according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a block diagram illustrating a specific operation of the window frame slot antenna array according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a radiation pattern of the window frame slot antenna array at a temperature of phi 90 degrees according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a radiation pattern of the window frame slot antenna array at phi of 0 ° according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.
The reference numbers in the figures denote: 1-a thin metal layer; 2-a media support; 3-lower radiation gap; 4-a ring-shaped structure; 5-a metal strip; 6-a feed port; 7-upper radiation gap; 8-small window frame; 9-a slot antenna element; 10-filling the seam; 11-upper layer frame surface; 12-lower layer frame surface; 13-side frame faces; 14-left antenna array; 15-right antenna array; 16-a window frame; 17-a connecting line; 18-wireless relay transceiver.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the antenna array is divided into two left and right rows, the upper radiation slot 7 of the left antenna array 14 faces indoors, the upper radiation slot 7 of the right antenna array 15 faces outdoors, and the connecting wires 17 of the antennas in each row are connected in parallel and respectively connected to two ends of the wireless relay transceiver 18. The left antenna array 14 is on the indoor side, the upper radiation slot 7 of each antenna unit faces the indoor, the right antenna array 15 is on the outdoor side, and the upper radiation slot 7 of each slot antenna unit 9 faces the outdoor.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the slot antenna unit 9 includes an upper layer radiation slot 7, a lower layer radiation slot 3, a feeding port 6 and a dielectric carrier 2, the upper and lower surfaces of the dielectric carrier 2 are covered with metal thin layers 1, the upper layer radiation slot 7 is disposed on the upper layer metal thin layer 7, the lower layer radiation slot is disposed on the lower layer metal thin layer 3, a ring-shaped structure 4 is attached to the upper layer radiation slot 3 and extends to the feeding port 6 through a metal strip 5, the feeding port 6 is disposed at the end of the metal strip 5, electromagnetic waves are transmitted to the metal strip 5 through the feeding port 6 and excite radiation in the lower layer radiation slot 3 and the upper layer radiation slot 7, and the slot antenna unit 9 is vertically mounted on a window frame 16 at intervals.
As shown in fig. 2, the upper radiation slot 7 is cross-shaped, the center of which is located at the center of the antenna unit, the two cross sides of the cross-shaped slot have the same width, and two ends of the longer side are provided with rectangular structures with larger width.
As shown in fig. 3, the lower radiation slot 3 is an ellipse, the center of which is located at the center of the antenna unit, and an annular structure 4 concentric with the slot is arranged inside the slot, and the annular structure 4 and the metal strip 5 are spliced and extend to the feed port 6. The annular structure 4 is oval, the long axis of the annular structure is collinear with the long axis of the lower radiation gap 3, and the metal strip 5 is rectangular. In the specific implementation, the ring-shaped structure (4) and the metal strip (5) are both reserved parts during the hollowing processing of the metal thin layer.
In specific implementation, the feed port 6 is connected to the microstrip interface and feeds through a coaxial line connected to the microstrip interface, each slot antenna unit 9 is connected in parallel with other slot antenna units 9 through the coaxial line led out from the feed port 6, and feeds simultaneously by adopting a multi-path power division method, and the excitation current phase of the slot antenna unit 9 is changed by adjusting the length of the coaxial line. The material of the medium carrier 2 adopts FR4 board or other high-hardness insulating board. The upper metal thin layer 7 and the lower metal thin layer 3 have the same thickness. The wireless relay transceiver 18 and the connection line 17 are both mounted inside the window frame 16.
Example one
As shown in fig. 4, a single slot antenna unit 9 is mounted on a small window frame 8 and is closely attached to the window frame 8. The small window frame 8 can be set as a rectangular cavity metal body, the width of the small window frame is 32mm, the thickness of the small window frame is 10mm, and the thickness of the small window frame is 1.6 mm. The dielectric carrier 2 of the slot antenna unit 9 is made of FR4 plate material, the thickness is set to 1.6mm, the thickness is the same as that of the metal body of the small window frame 8, and the metal thin layer 1 of the slot antenna unit 9 is the same as that of the window frame 8.
Two surfaces with larger relative areas in the six surfaces of the small window frame 8 are respectively used as an upper frame surface 11 and a lower frame surface 12, the other four surfaces are used as side frame surfaces 13, the slot antenna unit 9 is installed on the upper frame surface 11 and is coaxial with the upper frame surface 11 of the rectangular cavity, the upper radiation slot 7 of the antenna unit 9 faces the outside of the small window frame 8, and the lower radiation slot 3 faces the inner cavity of the small window frame 8. For the convenience of feed excitation, a 1mm filling slot 10 is opened at the lower edge of the slot antenna element 9 and filled with FR4 material.
The signal enhancement principle of the invention is as follows:
after feed excitation, current flows to the annular structure 4 through the rectangular metal strip 5 and radiates energy to the periphery, the lower layer radiation gap 3 and the upper layer radiation gap 7 are excited and radiate energy to the periphery at the same time, the frame body is of a cavity structure, therefore, radiation electromagnetic waves return after meeting the lower layer frame surface 12, only a little energy penetrates through the lower layer frame surface 12 and the side frame surface 13, the rest energy flows out of the gaps or is left in the cavity, therefore, most electromagnetic waves are radiated to one side of the upper layer frame 11 through the gaps, and a small part of electromagnetic waves are left in the cavity.
Fig. 5 is a directional diagram of the structure at 90 ° (YZ plane), fig. 6 is a graph of s11 of the structure, with a resonance point of 3.8GHz and a bandwidth of 300MHz at-10 dB or less. This example illustrates that the present invention has the following features: the window structure has the advantages of simple structure, easy adjustment, large working bandwidth, good unidirectional radiation directional diagram, tight splicing with the window structure and neat appearance.
Example two
As shown in fig. 1, in the present embodiment, slot antenna units 9 are arrayed, 8 antenna units are sequentially arranged on the left side and the right side of a window frame 16 along a vertical direction to form an array structure, each antenna unit of each array structure has a periodic interval of 15cm, a left antenna array 14 is used for indoor transceiving, a right antenna array 15 is used for outdoor transceiving, fig. 7 is a specific working principle block diagram of the present embodiment, wherein indoor signals are sequentially transmitted to an outdoor base station through a first duplexer, L NA, BPF and SPA, the indoor signals are uplink frequency, signals of an indoor receiving base station are sequentially transmitted to the indoor through a second duplexer, L NA, BPF and SPA, the indoor signals are downlink frequency, a wireless relay transceiver 18 leads out a connecting wire 17 through the duplexer to be respectively led to the left antenna array 14 and the right antenna array 15 of a window frame, and feeds power distribution methods to the slot antenna units 9 through a coaxial line, the length of the two coaxial lines is adjusted to change current phases, so that a main lobe pitch angle (a pitch angle of an antenna array and an XZ plane of the wireless communication base station are aligned to a stable receiving and transmitting signals are adjusted, and an included angle of a whole wireless communication device is achieved, and.
As shown in fig. 1, two mutually perpendicular directions parallel to the window frame 16 are taken as the X direction and the Y direction, respectively, the direction perpendicular to the XY plane is the Z direction, phi 90 ° (horizontal plane) in fig. 8 means the XZ plane, and phi 0 ° in fig. 9 means the YZ plane.
Fig. 8 is a linear power radiation pattern of the right antenna array at phi of 90 ° (horizontal plane) when the feeding phase difference is 0 °, and fig. 9 is a pattern of the right antenna array at phi of 0 ° when the feeding phase difference is 120 °, and the radiation main lobe direction is shown as a position of 10 ° in horizontal elevation angle. Tests show that the wave beam can be stably adjusted within +/-20 degrees of an included angle on the horizontal plane by adjusting the current phase difference on the premise of not influencing the radiation power.
The invention has compact structure, is compatible with various metal window structures, can be used as a wireless communication relay station, particularly a 5G communication relay station, solves the problem of insufficient indoor signals in wireless communication coverage, and effectively improves the quality of wireless communication.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides an indoor outer relay communication window form antenna which characterized in that: the window body frame (16) is arranged, and two antenna arrays and a wireless relay transceiver (18) are arranged in the window body frame (16), wherein one antenna array is respectively arranged on two sides of the window body frame (16), each antenna array mainly comprises a plurality of slot antenna units (9) which are arranged at equal intervals along the side edge of the window body frame (16), the wireless relay transceiver (18) is arranged at the bottom of the window body frame (16), and the two antenna arrays are respectively connected to two ends of the wireless relay transceiver (18);
the slot antenna unit (9) comprises a medium carrier (2), a lower-layer radiation slot (3), an upper-layer radiation slot (7) and a feed port (6), wherein thin metal layers (1) cover the upper surface and the lower surface of the medium carrier (2), the thin metal layers (1) on the upper surface are hollowed to form the upper-layer radiation slot (7) in a cross-shaped structure, the thin metal layers (1) on the lower surface are hollowed to form an elliptical structure to form the lower-layer radiation slot (3), the thin metal layers (1) on the lower surface are also hollowed to form a strip slot, one end of the strip slot is communicated with the lower-layer radiation slot (3), and the other end of the strip slot is communicated with the edge of the medium; an annular structure (4) is concentrically arranged in the lower-layer radiation slot (3), a metal strip (5) is arranged in the strip slot, one end of the metal strip (5) is connected with the annular structure (4), the other end of the metal strip (5) is connected with a feed port (6) arranged at the edge of the medium carrier (2), and all slot antenna units (9) of the same antenna array group are connected in parallel and then connected with a wireless relay transceiver (18) through a connecting wire (17);
all the slot antenna units (9) of one group of antenna arrays are arranged on the inner side surface, facing the indoor, of the window frame (16), the upper-layer radiation slots (7) of all the slot antenna units (9) face the indoor, all the slot antenna units (9) of the other group of antenna arrays are arranged on the outer side surface, facing the outdoor, of the window frame (16), and the upper-layer radiation slots (7) of all the slot antenna units (9) face the outdoor.
2. The indoor and outdoor relay communication window antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein said wireless relay transceiver (18) comprises a first duplexer, a first low noise amplifier L NA, a first band pass filter BPF, a first power amplifier SPA, a second duplexer, a second low noise amplifier L NA, a second band pass filter BPF and a second power amplifier SPA connected end to end in sequence, wherein one group of antenna arrays is connected with the first duplexer as an indoor transceiver antenna, and the other group of antenna arrays is connected with the second duplexer as an outdoor transceiver antenna.
3. An indoor and outdoor relay communication window antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the center of the cross-shaped structure of the upper-layer radiation gap (7) is positioned in the center of the medium carrier (2), the two crossed sides of the cross-shaped structure have the same width but different lengths, the two ends of the longer side are respectively provided with a rectangular structure, and the width of the rectangular structure is larger than that of the crossed sides.
4. An indoor and outdoor relay communication window antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the elliptical structure of the lower-layer radiation gap (3) is located in the center of the medium carrier (2), the annular structure (4) is also elliptical, the long axis of the ellipse is collinear with the long axis of the lower-layer radiation gap (3), and the metal strip (5) is rectangular.
5. An indoor and outdoor relay communication window antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the feed port (6) is connected with the microstrip interface, the microstrip interface is connected with the coaxial line, the feed port (6) feeds power through the coaxial line, and each slot antenna unit (9) is connected with other slot antenna units (9) in parallel through the feed port (6) and the lead-out coaxial line.
6. An indoor and outdoor relay communication window antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the medium carrier (2) is made of FR4 board or other high-hardness insulating boards.
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| CN201910811312.3A CN110544831B (en) | 2019-08-30 | 2019-08-30 | Indoor outer relay communication window form antenna |
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