CN110543796A - Passive ultrahigh frequency electronic sensing system with identity recognition and data recording functions - Google Patents
Passive ultrahigh frequency electronic sensing system with identity recognition and data recording functions Download PDFInfo
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- G06K7/10009—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves
- G06K7/10019—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves resolving collision on the communication channels between simultaneously or concurrently interrogated record carriers.
- G06K7/10029—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves resolving collision on the communication channels between simultaneously or concurrently interrogated record carriers. the collision being resolved in the time domain, e.g. using binary tree search or RFID responses allocated to a random time slot
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- G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
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- G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
- G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
- G06K7/10009—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves
- G06K7/10316—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves using at least one antenna particularly designed for interrogating the wireless record carriers
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Abstract
A passive ultrahigh frequency electronic sensing system with identity recognition and data recording functions comprises: the core chip is connected with the output end of the ultrahigh frequency antenna. The core chip includes: the device comprises a radio frequency analog front end circuit, a digital protocol processing circuit, a nonvolatile memory interface circuit, a nonvolatile memory circuit, an on-chip sensor interface circuit, an on-chip sensor circuit and an off-chip sensor interface circuit. The passive ultrahigh frequency electronic sensing system with the identity recognition and data recording functions combines the extremely low power consumption wireless data transmission technology in the passive ultrahigh frequency RFID, utilizes the radio frequency rectification circuit to receive the electromagnetic waves transmitted from the detector, does not need to be powered by a battery, reduces the power consumption, saves the cost, does not need to design a special wake-up circuit, prolongs the service life, simultaneously realizes an anti-collision mechanism, ensures that a plurality of electronic sensing systems cannot interfere with each other, and improves the stability of the system.
Description
Technical Field
the invention relates to the technical field of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and wireless sensing, in particular to a passive ultrahigh frequency electronic sensing system with identity identification and data recording functions. The electronic sensing system can be applied to the fields of logistics management, public transportation, storage and circulation of special articles and the like.
Background
The wireless sensor is widely applied to the fields of logistics transportation, environmental monitoring, equipment management, medical care, process control and the like, and has the advantages of low manufacturing cost, convenience in installation, no need of wire connection and the like. The traditional wireless sensor generally adopts technologies such as ZigBee, Bluetooth and wireless local area network for data transmission. In these communication technologies, the sensing node needs to actively emit electromagnetic waves to perform networking and wireless data transmission within the sensing range, so the sensitivity requirement on the radio frequency analog transceiver circuit is high, the design difficulty is high, and the power consumption consumed in the working mode is high. Therefore, the wireless sensor adopting the communication technology has the advantages of shorter service life and higher manufacturing cost, and is not suitable for application occasions with short-distance and low-speed requirements.
The passive ultrahigh frequency RFID technology is an emerging short-distance wireless communication technology with low power consumption and low cost. Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the operation of a passive ultrahigh frequency RFID system, and as shown in fig. 1, the passive ultrahigh frequency RFID system is composed of an electronic sensing system, a detector antenna and an upper computer, and the passive RFID system is not powered by a battery and only provides power for the operation of the system by receiving wireless energy transmitted by the detector. The passive RFID system stores relevant information of a target object, and the detector sends energy and instruction information to the system by taking electromagnetic waves as carriers. The detector can write or read the information stored in the sensing system by sending wireless signals to the system according to the application requirements, and transmit the information returned by the system to the upper computer for advanced processing. The passive RFID system receives electromagnetic waves sent by the detector through an ASK signal demodulation circuit in the radio frequency analog front-end circuit, the radio frequency rectification circuit can convert energy in the electromagnetic waves sent by the detector into a direct-current power supply to work by the passive RFID system, demodulated instruction information is sent to the digital protocol processing circuit to be processed, and finally, a back-emitting modulation circuit which changes the input impedance of the antenna is adopted to send data back to the detector.
With the increasingly wide application field of the passive RFID technology, the passive RFID system not only has the functions of identifying a target, reading and writing target data and the like, but also can realize the functions of environmental perception and environmental monitoring through integrating or externally connecting a sensor. The maximum communication distance between the RFID system and the detector is usually up to 10 meters, which can meet the requirements of most application occasions.
disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
The invention aims to provide a passive ultrahigh frequency electronic sensing system with identity recognition and data recording functions so as to reduce the power consumption and the cost of a wireless sensor.
(II) technical scheme
a passive ultrahigh frequency electronic sensing system with identity recognition and data recording functions comprises an ultrahigh frequency antenna 21 and a core chip 22, wherein the output end of the ultrahigh frequency antenna 21 is connected with the input end of the core chip 22, and the passive ultrahigh frequency electronic sensing system comprises:
The ultrahigh frequency antenna 21 is used for receiving the radio frequency signal transmitted by the detector and transmitting the radio frequency signal to the core chip 22 through an output end;
The core chip 22 is configured to demodulate the radio frequency signal received by the ultrahigh frequency antenna 21 into a low frequency digital signal, then perform data decoding to obtain original data, and then complete a specified operation according to the original data. The core chip 22 includes a radio frequency analog front end circuit 23, a digital protocol processing circuit 24, a non-volatile memory interface circuit 25, a non-volatile memory circuit 26, an on-chip sensor interface circuit 27, an on-chip sensor circuit 28, and an off-chip sensor interface circuit 29, where:
the radio frequency analog front-end circuit 23 is bidirectionally connected with the digital protocol processing circuit 24, and is used for providing a reset signal and a clock signal for the digital protocol processing circuit 24, converting electromagnetic waves emitted by the detector into a direct-current power supply, supplying power to each module circuit of the core chip 22, and ensuring normal operation;
the digital protocol processing circuit 24 is respectively connected with the nonvolatile memory interface circuit 25, the on-chip sensor interface circuit 27 and the off-chip sensor interface circuit 29 in two directions, is used for processing a communication protocol, controlling the nonvolatile memory circuit 26 and the on-chip sensor circuit 28 to work, and ensures that the electronic sensing system sends data to the detector in sequence through an anti-collision mechanism;
A nonvolatile memory interface circuit 25 bidirectionally connected to the nonvolatile memory circuit 26, for connecting the digital protocol processing circuit 24 to the nonvolatile memory circuit 26, and performing read/write operations on the nonvolatile memory circuit 26;
the nonvolatile memory circuit 26 is used for recording sensing data acquired by the sensing system;
an on-chip sensor interface circuit 27 bidirectionally connected to the on-chip sensor circuit 28, for outputting measurement data of the on-chip sensor circuit 28 to the digital protocol processing circuit 24;
An on-chip sensor circuit 28 for measuring physical quantities such as the illumination intensity, the magnetic field intensity, and the temperature in the environment, and transmitting the sensing data to the digital protocol processing circuit 24 through an on-chip sensor interface circuit 27;
And the off-chip sensor interface circuit 29 is used for controlling off-chip sensors connected to the electronic sensing system and enhancing the expansion capability of the system.
the radio frequency analog front end circuit 23 includes a clock and reset signal generating circuit 231, a radio frequency rectifying circuit 232, and a wireless data transceiving circuit 233, in which:
A clock and reset signal generation circuit 231 for generating a reset signal and a clock signal for the digital protocol processing circuit 24;
a radio frequency rectifying circuit 232, an input end of which is connected with an output end of the clock and reset signal generating circuit 231, for converting the electromagnetic wave emitted by the detector into a direct current power supply, and controlling the converted direct current power supply within a normal operating voltage range of the core chip 22 through a power supply control module in the radio frequency rectifying circuit 232, so as to supply power to each module circuit in the core chip 22;
the wireless data transceiver 233 is configured to send and receive signals, convert the radio frequency signals output by the uhf antenna 21 into low frequency digital signals and transmit the low frequency digital signals to the digital protocol processing circuit 24, and transmit the data to be transmitted of the digital protocol processing circuit 24 through the uhf antenna 21 by changing the input impedance of the uhf antenna 21.
the core chip 22 is configured to demodulate a radio frequency signal received by the uhf antenna 21 into a low frequency digital signal, and then perform data decoding to obtain original data, thereby completing a specified operation according to the original data, and specifically includes:
The wireless data transceiver circuit 233 in the core chip 22 converts the rf signal output by the uhf antenna 21 into a low frequency digital signal and then transmits the low frequency digital signal to the input terminal of the digital protocol processing circuit 24 connected to the low frequency digital signal;
the digital protocol processing circuit 24 firstly performs data decoding on the low-frequency digital signal to obtain original data, and simultaneously performs CRC (cyclic redundancy check) on the original data; if the CRC passes, performing instruction analysis on the decoded original data to obtain an original instruction transmitted from the detector; if the CRC check is not passed, abandoning the group of digital signals and waiting for the next group of digital signals;
digital protocol processing circuit 24 determines the operation to be specifically performed based on the original instruction; after the designated operation is completed, the digital protocol processing circuit 24 sends output data to the rf analog front-end circuit 23 through the output end, and the backfire modulation circuit 2332) changes the input impedance of the uhf antenna 21 when sending the output data, so as to transmit the data to be transmitted output by the digital protocol processing circuit 24 through the uhf antenna 21, thereby completing the processing flow of a group of low-frequency digital signals and starting to wait for the acquisition of the next group of digital signals.
(III) advantageous effects
1. The core chip of the passive ultrahigh frequency electronic sensing system provided by the invention comprises: an ASK signal demodulator, a back-reflection modulation circuit and an on-chip sensor circuit 28 adopting an extremely low power consumption CMOS sensor, the passive ultrahigh frequency electronic sensing system provided by the invention demodulates a radio frequency signal emitted by a detector into a low-frequency digital signal through the ASK signal demodulator, then outputs the low-frequency digital signal to a digital protocol processing circuit to carry out data decoding on the transmitted low-frequency digital signal, further, according to the received signal, the corresponding instruction is completed, the ASK signal demodulation technology and the back reflection modulation technology are adopted in the invention, namely, the ultra-low power consumption wireless data transmission technology in the passive ultra-high frequency RFID is combined, so that the circuit structure of the system is simple, the power consumption is low, therefore, data transmission between the electronic sensing system and the detector can be realized by using direct current energy generated by the radio frequency rectification circuit, the maximum communication distance of the electronic sensing system usually reaches 10 meters, and the requirements of most application occasions can be met. In comparison, the power consumption of the radio frequency transceiver chip of the traditional wireless sensor can reach dozens of milliamperes, and the radio frequency transceiver chip can normally work only by needing power supplied by a battery, so that the cost is high, the service life is short, and the circuit structure is complex. Therefore, the passive ultrahigh frequency electronic sensing system has the advantages of low power consumption and low cost.
2. The passive ultrahigh frequency electronic sensing system provided by the invention receives the electromagnetic wave transmitted from the detector through the radio frequency rectifying circuit, and can start the electronic sensing system to work only by obtaining enough energy, otherwise, the whole sensing system is automatically in a dormant state, so that a special wake-up circuit is not required to be designed, a battery is not required to be used, and the volume of system equipment is reduced.
3. The passive ultrahigh frequency electronic sensing system provided by the invention comprises a low-power consumption digital protocol processing circuit, wherein the digital protocol processing circuit can complete the functions of communication protocol processing and data transceiving, and an anti-collision mechanism is realized. The anti-collision mechanism adopts a mode of writing in the anti-collision zone bits, and a zone bit generating circuit is not required to be specially designed, so that the complexity of instruction processing is simplified, the area of a chip is saved, and the power consumption is reduced. When a plurality of electronic sensing systems exist in the measuring range of the detector, an anti-collision mechanism in the digital protocol processing circuit plays a role, so that the plurality of electronic sensing systems cannot interfere with each other and send data to the detector in sequence.
4. the passive ultrahigh frequency electronic sensing system integrates an on-chip sensor circuit with extremely low power consumption, and the sensor circuit can work by utilizing direct current energy generated by the radio frequency rectifying circuit. When the on-chip sensor circuit needs to be started, specified data is written into a first byte address of a user data area in the nonvolatile memory circuit by using a write command sent by the detector. The digital protocol processing circuit sends an instruction to the sensor through the on-chip sensor interface circuit, and the sensing data is collected into the digital protocol processing circuit for processing. The starting mode of the on-chip sensor can complete starting by utilizing a standard writing instruction specified in a communication protocol, a starting instruction does not need to be specially designed for the on-chip sensor, and the complexity of instruction processing is simplified.
5. the passive ultrahigh frequency electronic sensing system provided by the invention integrates an off-chip sensor interface circuit, so that the functions of the electronic sensing system can be enriched. Because some special sensors such as humidity sensors cannot be integrated into the CMOS chip generally, when the off-chip sensor is required to be connected with the chip, the off-chip sensor interface circuit in the core chip can be used for being connected with the off-chip sensor, so that the application range of the electronic sensing system is expanded, and the expansibility is good
6. the passive ultrahigh frequency electronic sensing system provided by the invention uses the universal instructions specified in the ultrahigh frequency RFID international standard ISO18000-6C and EPC Class-1 Generation-2 to complete the starting, control and data uploading of the on-chip sensor, and a special control chip is not required to be designed, so that the chip cost is reduced, and any ultrahigh frequency detector conforming to the international standard can be used for collecting and uploading sensing data.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a passive UHF RFID system;
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a passive uhf electronic sensing system with identification and data recording functions according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the circuit writing instruction operation of the non-volatile memory interface of the passive UHF electronic sensing system with the functions of identification and data recording according to the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the operation of reading commands of the non-volatile memory interface circuit of the passive UHF electronic sensing system with the functions of identification and data recording according to the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is an operation timing diagram of the passive uhf electronic sensing system with identification and data recording functions in the dual voltage operation mode according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 2, the present invention provides a passive uhf electronic sensing system with identification and data recording functions, and fig. 2 is a block diagram of a passive uhf electronic sensing system with identification and data recording functions according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the system includes:
UHF antenna 21 and core chip 22, the output end of UHF antenna 21 is connected to the input end of core chip 22.
The ultrahigh frequency antenna 21 is used for receiving the radio frequency signal transmitted by the detector and transmitting the radio frequency signal to the core chip 22 through an output end;
the core chip 22 is configured to demodulate the radio frequency signal received by the ultrahigh frequency antenna 21 into a low frequency digital signal, then perform data decoding to obtain original data, and then complete a specified operation according to the original data. The core chip 22 includes: a radio frequency analog front end circuit 23, a digital protocol processing circuit 24, a non-volatile memory interface circuit 25, a non-volatile memory circuit 26, an on-chip sensor interface circuit 27, an on-chip sensor circuit 28, and an off-chip sensor interface circuit 29.
The connection relationship and functions of each part in the core chip 22 are specifically as follows:
The rf analog front-end circuit 23 is bidirectionally connected to the digital protocol processing circuit 24, and is configured to provide a reset signal and a clock signal to the digital protocol processing circuit 24, and simultaneously the rf analog front-end circuit 23 converts the electromagnetic wave emitted by the detector into a dc power supply based on the rf rectifying circuit 232 therein, and supplies power to other module circuits of the core chip 22 through a power control module in the rf rectifying circuit 232, thereby ensuring normal operation. The rf analog front-end circuit 23 includes: a clock and reset signal generating circuit 231, a radio frequency rectifying circuit 232, and a wireless data transmitting and receiving circuit 233. The clock and reset signal generating circuit 231 generates a reset signal and a clock signal for the digital protocol processing circuit 24, the input end of the radio frequency rectifying circuit 232 is connected with one output end of the clock and reset signal generating circuit 231, and the converted direct current power supply is controlled within the normal working voltage range of the core chip 22 through a power supply control module in the radio frequency rectifying circuit 232 to supply power to other module circuits of the core chip 22.
The digital protocol processing circuit 24 is respectively connected with the nonvolatile memory interface circuit 25, the on-chip sensor interface circuit 27 and the off-chip sensor interface circuit 29 in two directions, and is used for realizing processing of a communication protocol and controlling the nonvolatile memory circuit 26 and the on-chip sensor circuit 28 to work, and meanwhile, the digital protocol processing circuit 24 is also provided with an anti-collision mechanism, which can ensure that the electronic sensing system sends data to the detector in sequence. The digital protocol processing circuit 24 can realize the processing of the communication protocol and make the working flow of the sensing system meet the requirements of specific international standards; digital protocol processing circuit 24 controls the operation of non-volatile memory circuit 26 and on-chip sensor circuit 28 through non-volatile memory interface circuit 25 and on-chip sensor interface circuit 27, respectively. The digital protocol processing circuit 24 has an anti-collision mechanism, and the anti-collision mechanism is implemented by writing an anti-collision flag bit into a Reserved data area (Reserved Memory) in the nonvolatile Memory circuit 26, where all the electronic sensing systems in the measurement range of the detector need to be written into the anti-collision flag bit, and the anti-collision flag bits of the electronic sensing systems are different from each other. When the electronic sensing system receives an instruction sent by the detector and needs to send data to the detector, the digital protocol processing circuit 24 reads the anti-collision flag bit in the reserved data area of the nonvolatile memory circuit 26, and performs decrement 1 operation under the control of a clock signal until the anti-collision flag bit is decremented to zero, and then starts to send data to the detector. By adopting the anti-collision mechanism, only one electronic sensing system can send data to the detector at the same time. When there are multiple electronic sensing systems within the measurement range of the detector, the anti-collision mechanism in the digital protocol processing circuit 24 will work, so that the multiple electronic sensing systems will not interfere with each other, and send data to the detector in sequence. Moreover, the anti-collision mechanism adopts a manual writing mode, a random flag generator is not required to be specially designed, the chip area is saved, and the power consumption is reduced.
The nonvolatile memory interface circuit 25 is bidirectionally connected to the digital protocol processing circuit 24, and is used for connecting the digital protocol processing circuit 24 and the nonvolatile memory circuit 26, and performing read and write operations on the nonvolatile memory circuit 26.
The nonvolatile memory circuit 26 is bidirectionally connected to the nonvolatile memory interface circuit 25 for recording the sensing data collected by the sensing system.
The on-chip sensor interface circuit 27 is bidirectionally connected to the digital protocol processing circuit 24, for outputting measurement data of the on-chip sensor circuit 28 into the digital protocol processing circuit 24.
The on-chip sensor circuit 28 is bidirectionally connected to the on-chip sensor interface circuit 27, and the on-chip sensor circuit 28 is an extremely low power consumption CMOS sensor, and is configured to measure physical quantities such as illumination intensity, magnetic field strength, and temperature in the environment, and transmit the sensing data to the digital protocol processing circuit 24 through the on-chip sensor interface circuit 27;
the off-chip sensor interface circuit 29 is bidirectionally connected to the digital protocol processing circuit 24, and is used for controlling off-chip sensors connected to the electronic sensing system, and enhancing the expansion capability of the system.
The core chip 22 is configured to demodulate the radio frequency signal received by the ultrahigh frequency antenna 21 into a low frequency digital signal, then perform data decoding to obtain original data, and then complete a specified operation according to the original data. Specifically, the wireless data transceiver 233 in the core chip 22 converts the rf signal output by the uhf antenna 21 into a low frequency digital signal, and then inputs the low frequency digital signal to the input terminal of the digital protocol processing circuit 24 connected to the low frequency digital signal. The low frequency digital signal is processed in the digital protocol processing circuit 24 according to the protocol requirements specified in the UHF RFID international standard ISO18000-6C and EPC Class-1 Generation-2. Firstly, data decoding is carried out on the low-frequency digital signal to obtain original data, and meanwhile CRC (cyclic redundancy check) is carried out on the original data. And if the CRC passes, performing instruction analysis on the decoded original data to acquire an original instruction transmitted from the detector. If the CRC check fails, the set of digital signals is discarded and the next set of digital signals is awaited. Digital protocol processing circuit 24 determines the operation to be specifically performed based on the original instruction. After the designated operation is completed, the digital protocol processing circuit 24 sends output data to the rf analog front-end circuit 23 through the output end, and the back-reflection modulation circuit 2332 changes the input impedance of the uhf antenna 21 when sending the output data, so as to transmit the data to be transmitted output by the digital protocol processing circuit 24 through the uhf antenna 21. At this point, the processing flow of one group of low-frequency digital signals is completed, and the acquisition of the next group of digital signals is started.
The clock and reset signal generation circuit 231 in the core chip 22 includes a reset 2311 and an oscillator 2312; the resetter 2311 generates a corresponding reset signal according to the received signal and outputs the reset signal to the digital protocol processing circuit 24; the oscillator 2312 generates a clock signal, which is output to the digital protocol processing circuit 24.
an input terminal of the rf rectifying circuit 232 is connected to an output terminal of the clock and reset signal generating circuit 231. The radio frequency rectifying circuit 232 converts the electromagnetic wave emitted by the detector into a direct current power supply, and the converted direct current power supply is controlled within the normal working voltage range of the core chip 22 through a power supply control module in the radio frequency rectifying circuit 232, so that power is supplied to other module circuits of the core chip 22, and the wireless data transceiver circuit 233 and the detector can realize normal communication. The passive ultrahigh frequency electronic sensing system can start the electronic sensing system to work only when receiving electromagnetic waves with enough strength from the detector, otherwise, the whole electronic sensing system is automatically in a dormant state, and a special wake-up circuit is not required to be designed.
the output voltage of the rf front end of the rf rectification circuit 232 can be switched between 1.8V and 1.2V, and a dual-voltage operation mode is adopted, so as to reduce the average operation power consumption of the system. A voltage of 1.8V is used only when writing to the non-volatile memory circuit 26 or enabling the on-chip sensor circuit 28 or the off-chip sensor interface circuit 29, and a voltage of 1.2V is used when performing other operations. The digital protocol processing circuit 24 needs to output an indication signal V _ increase to the rf rectification circuit 232, when V _ increase is at high level, the rf front-end output voltage of the rf rectification circuit 232 increases to 1.8V, and when V _ increase is at low level, the rf front-end output voltage of the rf rectification circuit 232 decreases to 1.2V. The timing relationship of V _ increment and each operation is shown in fig. 5. FIG. 5 is a timing diagram illustrating the operation of the passive UHF electronic sensing system with identification and data recording functions in the dual voltage operation mode according to the embodiment of the present invention, wherein the voltage rises during the period T1 and the required time is about 50 us; t2 is the time required to ensure operational reliability, about 20 us; the voltage drops during T3, taking about 50us, and after T3 ends, the digital protocol processing circuit 24 may perform other operations.
the wireless data transceiver 233 is connected to the output end of the uhf antenna 21, and the wireless data transceiver 233 includes an ASK signal demodulator 2331 and a back-reflection modulation circuit 2332; the ASK signal demodulator 2331 receives the rf signal output from the output end of the uhf antenna 21, demodulates the rf signal emitted from the detector into a low frequency digital signal, and then outputs the low frequency digital signal to the digital protocol processing circuit 24 connected thereto. The digital protocol processing circuit 24 performs data decoding on the incoming low-frequency digital signal to obtain original data, and performs CRC check on the original data at the same time. And if the CRC passes, performing instruction analysis on the decoded original data to acquire an original instruction transmitted from the detector. If the CRC check fails, the set of digital signals is discarded and the next set of digital signals is awaited. Digital protocol processing circuit 24 determines the operation to be specifically performed based on the original instruction. After the designated operation is completed, the digital protocol processing circuit 24 sends output data to the rf analog front-end circuit 23 through the output end, and the back-reflection modulation circuit 2332 changes the input impedance of the uhf antenna 21 when sending the output data, so as to transmit the data to be transmitted output by the digital protocol processing circuit 24 through the uhf antenna 21. At this point, the processing flow of one group of low-frequency digital signals is completed, and the acquisition of the next group of digital signals is started. The invention adopts ASK signal demodulation technology and back reflection modulation technology, the circuit structure of the two technologies is simple, the power consumption is low, therefore, the data transmission between the detector and the electronic sensing system can be realized by utilizing the direct current energy generated by the radio frequency rectification circuit, the maximum communication distance of the electronic sensing system usually reaches 10 meters, and the requirements of most application occasions can be met.
The input/output signal ports of the nonvolatile memory interface circuit 25 include a clock signal line port, a reset signal port, an input data signal port, an output data signal port, an address signal port, a write command signal port, and a read command signal port. The nonvolatile memory interface circuit 25 has an input data signal port with a bit width of 16 bits, the nonvolatile memory interface circuit 25 is configured to input data to the nonvolatile memory circuit 26, an output data signal port with a bit width of 16 bits is configured to output data from the nonvolatile memory circuit 26, an address signal port with a bit width of 4 bits is configured to input address information to the nonvolatile memory circuit 26, and both the write command signal and the read command signal are active at high level.
the input/output signal ports of the nonvolatile memory interface circuit 25 include one write data line port, one read data line port, one address line port, five operation mode indication signal ports, and two operation completion indication signal ports, the module can operate the nonvolatile memory circuit 26 to implement five operation modes, which are respectively reset operation, write operation, read operation, storage operation, and pre-register operation, the nonvolatile memory interface circuit 25 can perform write operation or read operation on the 16-bit memory cell each time, and fig. 3 and 4 respectively show timing charts of the nonvolatile memory interface circuit 25 sending a write instruction and a read instruction to the nonvolatile memory circuit 26. The non-volatile memory interface circuit 25 writes data from the register unit selected by the address into the non-volatile memory unit during the storage operation, and during the pre-register operation, the non-volatile memory interface circuit 25 reads data from the non-volatile memory unit selected by the address into the corresponding register unit, and after the storage operation is completed, the non-volatile memory circuit 26 sends two paths of indication signals to the digital baseband processor to indicate that the operation is finished and whether the operation is successful or not.
the nonvolatile memory circuit 26 is bidirectionally connected to the nonvolatile memory interface circuit 25; the non-volatile memory circuit 26 records the sensed data collected by the sensing system. The sensing system starts the on-chip sensor circuit 28 for data collection through the on-chip sensor interface circuit 27, and after the sensing data collection is completed, the on-chip sensor interface circuit 27 transmits the data back to the digital protocol processing circuit 24, and then writes the data into the nonvolatile memory circuit 26 through the nonvolatile memory interface circuit 25. The nonvolatile memory circuit 26 stores therein an identification code of the electronic sensing system, which includes various parameter information of the electronic sensing system, such as a manufacturer, a date of delivery, a product number, and the like. The digital protocol processing circuit 24 can read the identification code and the sensing data stored in the nonvolatile memory circuit 26 through the nonvolatile memory interface circuit 25, and send the data to the detector through the rf analog front end circuit 23.
the nonvolatile memory circuit 26 adopts the following design for allocating memory addresses and storing data in the memory, the memory space is 192 bits in total, each memory address is 16 bits, and the total memory addresses are 12. The storage space is divided into four types according to the arrangement sequence from low order to high order, wherein the four types are respectively a sensor address type, a card reader identification address type, an EPC (Electronic Product Code) Code storage address type and a random number storage address type. The sensor address type comprises 2 storage addresses, a control word of the humidity sensor is stored in the position with the higher 8 bits of the first storage address of the sensor address type, and a control word of the temperature sensor is stored in the position with the lower 8 bits of the first storage address of the sensor address type; the sensor address type 16bit position of the second storage address stores the sensor measurement data, and the data recording function of the electronic sensing system is completed. The card reader identification address type comprises 2 storage addresses, and the first storage address of the card reader identification address type stores high 16-bit data of the card reader identification code; card reader identification address type the second storage address stores the low 16bit data of the card reader identification code. The EPC code storage address type comprises 7 storage addresses, the first storage address of the EPC code storage address type stores a 16-bit PC (Protocol-Control Protocol Control) code, and the PC code comprises physical layer information of an electronic sensing system during the inventory operation and the EPC backscattering, length information of the EPC code and the like; EPC code storage address types the second to seventh storage addresses store 96-bit EPC codes. The 96-bit EPC code can be modified according to application requirements, unique identification information of different users is marked, and the identification function of the electronic sensing system is completed. The random number memory address type comprises 1 memory address, and 16-bit random or pseudo random numbers (RN16) generated during the access of the electronic sensing system are stored for the electronic sensing system to switch the arbitration state and prevent the occurrence of response conflict.
the input/output signal ports of the on-chip sensor interface circuit 27 include one input data line port, one output data line port, one clock signal port, one reset signal port, one measurement start signal port, and one measurement end signal port. The on-chip sensor interface circuit 27 has an input data port bandwidth of 8 bits for inputting an 8-bit control word to the on-chip sensor circuit 28, and an output data port bandwidth of 13 bits for outputting measurement data of the on-chip sensor circuit 28 to the digital protocol processing circuit 24, and the measurement start signal is active at a high level for instructing the on-chip sensor circuit 28 to start a measurement operation, and the measurement end signal line is active at a high level for instructing the digital protocol processing circuit 24 to end a measurement process.
The on-chip sensor circuit 28 is bidirectionally connected to the on-chip sensor interface circuit 27, and the on-chip sensor circuit 28 is an extremely low power consumption CMOS sensor, which measures physical quantities such as the illumination intensity, the magnetic field intensity, and the temperature in the environment, and transmits the sensing data to the digital protocol processing circuit 24. The on-chip sensor circuit 28 is started by using the detector to transmit a general write command signal conforming to the communication protocol, and a specific starting command does not need to be formulated additionally, so that the difficulty of command processing by the digital protocol processing circuit 24 is reduced. The sensor control word is stored in the nonvolatile memory circuit 26 with a sensor address type of 8 bits higher than the first storage address, and the sensor control word contains information such as the type and measurement accuracy of the sensor to be started. When the on-chip sensor circuit 28 needs to be started, the electronic sensing system receives a write instruction signal and writes specified data into the lower 8 bits of the first storage address of the sensor address type in the nonvolatile memory circuit 26; when the digital protocol processing circuit 24 receives the write command information, it sends a clock signal, a reset signal, a measurement start signal, and an input data signal to the on-chip sensor circuit 28 through the on-chip sensor interface circuit 27. When the on-chip sensor circuit 28 finishes the measurement, the on-chip sensor interface circuit 27 receives a measurement end signal and an output data signal from the on-chip sensor circuit 28. The on-chip sensor interface circuit 27 transmits the received sensing data to the digital protocol processing circuit 24, and stores the sensing data in the sensor address type second storage address of the nonvolatile memory circuit 26 through the nonvolatile memory interface circuit 25. When the on-chip sensor circuit 28 is not operating, it is in a low power consumption standby state, and the electronic sensing system can still perform normal identification and read-write operations. The on-chip sensor circuit 28 is activated in a manner that simplifies the complexity of command processing and is activated using standard commands specified in the communication protocol.
The off-chip sensor interface circuit 29 is bidirectionally connected with the digital protocol processing circuit 24; the off-chip sensor interface circuit 29 is used to control off-chip sensors connected to the electronic sensing system. Because some specialized sensors, such as humidity sensors, cannot generally be integrated into a CMOS chip, off-chip sensor interface circuitry 29 in the core chip 22 can be used to interface with off-chip sensors when off-chip sensors are required, extending the range of applications for electronic sensing systems. The off-chip sensor interface circuit 29 conforms to the international standard I2C bus protocol and is controlled by the digital protocol processing circuit 24. The off-chip sensor interface circuit 29 includes a bidirectional serial clock signal SCL and a bidirectional serial data signal SDA, each off-chip sensor has a unique device address, and the core chip 22 can select the off-chip sensor with a specific address through the off-chip sensor interface circuit 29 and control the off-chip sensor to collect and transmit sensing data. When an off-chip sensor is required to be connected, the off-chip sensor can be connected with the off-chip sensor by using the off-chip sensor interface circuit 29 in the core chip 22, and the application range of the electronic sensing system is expanded.
The passive ultrahigh frequency electronic sensing system with the functions of identity recognition and data recording has the working frequency of 860MHz-960MHz, and completes the starting, control and data uploading of the on-chip sensor by using instructions specified in the ultrahigh frequency RFID international standard ISO18000-6C and EPC Class-1 Generation-2 without designing a special control chip, and can acquire and upload sensing data by using any ultrahigh frequency detector conforming to the international standard.
the passive ultrahigh frequency electronic sensing system with the functions of identity recognition and data recording is characterized in that the electronic sensing system can be started to work only when the core chip 22 obtains enough energy from electromagnetic waves emitted by the detector, otherwise, the whole sensing system is automatically in a dormant state, so that a special wake-up circuit is not required to be designed, a battery is not required to be used, and the volume of system equipment is reduced.
The passive ultrahigh frequency electronic sensing system with the functions of identity recognition and data recording combines an extremely low power consumption wireless data transmission technology in passive ultrahigh frequency RFID, the wireless data transmission technology comprises an ASK signal demodulation technology and a back reflection modulation technology, the two technologies have simple circuit structures and lower power consumption, and therefore, the data transmission between the passive ultrahigh frequency electronic sensing system and a detector can be realized by utilizing direct current energy generated by a radio frequency rectification circuit. The maximum communication distance of the electronic sensing system is usually up to 10 meters, which can meet the requirements of most application occasions. In comparison, the power consumption of the radio frequency transceiver chip of the traditional wireless sensor can reach dozens of milliamperes, and the radio frequency transceiver chip can normally work only by needing power supplied by a battery, so that the cost is high, the service life is short, and the circuit structure is complex. Therefore, the passive ultrahigh frequency electronic sensing system has the advantages of low power consumption and low cost.
the above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A passive uhf electronic sensing system with identification and data recording functions, the system comprising an uhf antenna (21) and a core chip (22), the output of the uhf antenna (21) being connected to the input of the core chip (22), wherein:
the ultrahigh frequency antenna (21) is used for receiving the radio frequency signal transmitted by the detector and transmitting the radio frequency signal into the core chip (22) through an output end;
And the core chip (22) is used for demodulating the radio-frequency signals received by the ultrahigh-frequency antenna (21) into low-frequency digital signals, then carrying out data decoding to obtain original data, and further finishing specified operation according to the original data.
2. The passive uhf electronic sensing system with identification and data recording functions of claim 1, wherein the core chip (22) includes rf analog front end circuitry (23), digital protocol processing circuitry (24), non-volatile memory interface circuitry (25), non-volatile memory circuitry (26), on-chip sensor interface circuitry (27), on-chip sensor circuitry (28), and off-chip sensor interface circuitry (29), wherein:
The radio frequency analog front end circuit (23) is bidirectionally connected with the digital protocol processing circuit (24) and is used for providing a reset signal and a clock signal for the digital protocol processing circuit (24), converting electromagnetic waves emitted by the detector into a direct current power supply and supplying power to each module circuit of the core chip (22) so as to ensure normal operation;
The digital protocol processing circuit (24) is respectively connected with the nonvolatile memory interface circuit (25), the on-chip sensor interface circuit (27) and the off-chip sensor interface circuit (29) in a bidirectional way, is used for processing a communication protocol, controlling the nonvolatile memory circuit (26) and the on-chip sensor circuit (28) to work, and ensures that the electronic sensing system sends data to the detector in sequence through an anti-collision mechanism;
a nonvolatile memory interface circuit (25) which is bidirectionally connected to the nonvolatile memory circuit (26), is used for connecting the digital protocol processing circuit (24) with the nonvolatile memory circuit (26), and performs read/write operations on the nonvolatile memory circuit (26);
the non-volatile memory circuit (26) is used for recording sensing data acquired by the sensing system;
an on-chip sensor interface circuit (27) bidirectionally connected to the on-chip sensor circuit (28) for outputting measurement data of the on-chip sensor circuit (28) to the digital protocol processing circuit (24);
The on-chip sensor circuit (28) is used for measuring physical quantities such as illumination intensity, magnetic field intensity and temperature in the environment and transmitting sensing data to the digital protocol processing circuit (24) through the on-chip sensor interface circuit (27);
And the off-chip sensor interface circuit (29) is used for controlling the off-chip sensor connected to the electronic sensing system and enhancing the expansion capability of the system.
3. The passive uhf electronic sensing system with identification and data recording functions of claim 2, wherein the rf analog front end circuit (23) comprises a clock and reset signal generation circuit (231), an rf rectification circuit (232) and a wireless data transceiving circuit (233), wherein:
A clock and reset signal generation circuit (231) for generating a reset signal and a clock signal for the digital protocol processing circuit (24);
The input end of the radio frequency rectifying circuit (232) is connected with the output end of the clock and reset signal generating circuit (231) and is used for converting the electromagnetic waves emitted by the detector into a direct current power supply, and the converted direct current power supply is controlled within the normal working voltage range of the core chip (22) through a power supply control module in the radio frequency rectifying circuit (232) and is used for supplying power to each module circuit in the core chip (22);
and the wireless data transceiver circuit (233) is used for transmitting and receiving signals, converting radio frequency signals output by the ultrahigh frequency antenna (21) into low-frequency digital signals and transmitting the low-frequency digital signals to the digital protocol processing circuit (24), and transmitting data to be transmitted of the digital protocol processing circuit (24) through the ultrahigh frequency antenna (21) by changing the input impedance of the ultrahigh frequency antenna (21).
4. The passive uhf electronic sensing system with identification and data recording functions of claim 3, wherein the core chip (22) is configured to demodulate a radio frequency signal received by the uhf antenna (21) into a low frequency digital signal, then perform data decoding to obtain original data, and then complete a specified operation according to the original data, specifically including:
a wireless data transceiver circuit (233) in the core chip (22) converts the radio frequency signal output by the ultra-high frequency antenna (21) into a low frequency digital signal and then transmits the low frequency digital signal to the input end of a digital protocol processing circuit (24) which is connected with the low frequency digital signal;
The digital protocol processing circuit (24) firstly performs data decoding on the low-frequency digital signal to obtain original data, and simultaneously performs CRC (cyclic redundancy check) on the original data; if the CRC passes, performing instruction analysis on the decoded original data to obtain an original instruction transmitted from the detector; if the CRC check is not passed, abandoning the group of digital signals and waiting for the next group of digital signals;
a digital protocol processing circuit (24) determines an operation to be specifically performed based on the original instruction; after the appointed operation is finished, the digital protocol processing circuit (24) sends output data to the radio frequency analog front end circuit (23) through the output end, when the output data is sent, the back reflection modulation circuit (2332) changes the input impedance of the ultrahigh frequency antenna (21) to realize that the data to be transmitted output by the digital protocol processing circuit (24) is transmitted through the ultrahigh frequency antenna (21), and then a group of low-frequency digital signal processing procedures are finished and the next group of digital signals are waited to be acquired.
5. The passive uhf electronic sensing system with identification and data recording functions of claim 3, wherein the clock and reset signal generation circuit (231) comprises a resetter (2311) and an oscillator (2312), wherein:
A resetter (2311) for generating a reset signal for output to the digital protocol processing circuit (24);
And the oscillator (2312) is used for generating a clock signal and outputting the clock signal to the digital protocol processing circuit (24).
6. The passive UHF electronic sensing system with identification and data recording functions as claimed in claim 3, wherein said RF rectifying circuit (232) starts the electronic sensing system to work when it receives electromagnetic wave from the detector with sufficient intensity, otherwise the whole electronic sensing system is automatically in sleep state.
7. The passive uhf electronic sensing system with identification and data recording functions as claimed in claim 3, wherein the wireless data transceiver circuit (233) comprises an ASK signal demodulator (2331) and a back-emitting modulation circuit (2332), wherein:
An ASK signal demodulator (2331) for receiving the radio frequency signal output from the output end of the UHF antenna (21), demodulating the radio frequency signal transmitted by the detector into a low-frequency digital signal based on an ASK signal demodulation technology, and then outputting the low-frequency digital signal to a digital protocol processing circuit (24) connected with the low-frequency digital signal;
And the back reflection modulation circuit (2332) is used for transmitting the data to be transmitted output by the digital protocol processing circuit (24) through the ultrahigh frequency antenna (21) by changing the input impedance of the ultrahigh frequency antenna (21) based on a back reflection modulation technology.
8. the passive UHF electronic sensing system with identity recognition and data recording functions as claimed in claim 2, wherein the digital protocol processing circuit (24) further comprises an anti-collision mechanism, which is implemented by writing anti-collision flag bits into the reserved data area of the nonvolatile memory circuit (26), wherein the anti-collision flag bits are required to be written into all the electronic sensing systems within the measuring range of the detector, and the anti-collision flag bits of each electronic sensing system are different; when the electronic sensing system receives an instruction sent by the detector and needs to send data to the detector, the digital protocol processing circuit (24) reads an anti-collision flag bit in a reserved data area of the nonvolatile memory circuit (26), and performs decrement 1 operation under the control of a clock signal until the anti-collision flag bit is decremented to zero, and then the data are sent to the detector.
9. The passive uhf electronic sensing system with identification and data recording functions as claimed in claim 1, wherein the core chip (22) is configured to demodulate the rf signal received by the uhf antenna (21) into a low frequency digital signal, and then perform data decoding to obtain the original data, and the system includes:
the low frequency digital signal is processed in the core chip (22) according to the protocol requirements specified in the ultra high frequency RFID international standard ISO18000-6C and EPC Class-1 Generation-2.
10. the passive uhf electronic sensing system with identification and data recording functions of claim 1, wherein the on-chip sensor circuit (28) is a very low power CMOS sensor.
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| CN117133070A (en) * | 2023-08-17 | 2023-11-28 | 芯电智联(北京)科技有限公司 | NFC lock control system |
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