CN110542663A - Portable sulfur dioxide two-dimensional distribution rapid detection device - Google Patents
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- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 122
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000825 ultraviolet detection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001658 differential optical absorption spectrophotometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001475 halogen functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 240000006829 Ficus sundaica Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000003916 acid precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013405 beer Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- TXKMVPPZCYKFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N disulfur monoxide Inorganic materials O=S=S TXKMVPPZCYKFAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005865 ionizing radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012858 packaging process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical compound S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a portable sulfur dioxide two-dimensional distribution rapid detection device which comprises an ultraviolet objective lens (a), a light path switching device (b), a filter wheel (c), a CCD imaging circuit (d), a micro industrial personal computer main board (e), a power supply circuit (f), a display (g), upper computer software (h), a 310nm band-pass filter (1), a 330nm band-pass filter (2), a non-light-transmitting material (3) and a visible broadband filter (4). The device is based on a differential absorption spectrum technology and a differential imaging technology, uses a light path switching device to realize multi-channel imaging, and combines a specific algorithm to form a rapid detection technology of two-dimensional distribution of sulfur dioxide. Compared with the prior art, the multi-channel imaging of one imaging circuit is realized, and data such as dark background and the like can be rapidly acquired; setting a rapid imaging mode, and rapidly obtaining a sulfur dioxide distribution result only by using a 310nm channel imaging result; and scientific-grade ultraviolet detection CCD is used for realizing high signal-to-noise ratio imaging and portable integration.
Description
Technical Field
the invention relates to the technical field of environmental monitoring, in particular to a portable device for rapidly detecting two-dimensional distribution of sulfur dioxide.
background
SO2 is the most common sulfur oxide, which can be oxidized in air to sulfuric acid-type acid rain, and is a major atmospheric pollutant. With the development of the industrial society after the twentieth century, artificial emission sources have become the main source of atmospheric SO2 emissions. As a coal-fired country in China, SO2 pollution mainly comes from emission of coal-fired power plants, SO that the emission of smoke plume of the power plants needs to be monitored in real time SO as to be effectively treated.
at present, passive imaging differential spectroscopy (IDOAS) and ultraviolet differential imaging technology can be used for detecting the two-dimensional distribution of SO2, the IDOAS is an optical remote measurement method based on the beer-Lambor law, sampling is not needed, the operation is simple, and the method is widely applied to the field of atmospheric environment monitoring. And (3) imaging IDOAS, using an area array CCD to push and sweep, simultaneously obtaining the spectral and spatial dimension information of the target, obtaining the spectral data of a two-dimensional region of the target by one-time scanning, and then inverting the gas concentration by a DOAS technology based on the trace gas fingerprint absorption principle. The problems that exist at present are: 1) the system adopts the DOAS principle, a large amount of spectral data are obtained by sweeping all target areas through the two-dimensional turntable, and then SO2 concentration distribution is obtained through data fitting, SO that the system has the advantages of large calculation amount, long data acquisition period and poor time resolution, and generally results cannot be directly given on a test site. The method is not applicable to occasions needing real-time monitoring and fast result obtaining; 2) the system has higher requirements on the spectral resolution of the spectrometer, usually needs to reach the level of 0.6nm, and has higher equipment cost; 3) the spectrometer is sensitive to temperature, the change of the temperature can cause the phenomena of spectral drift and the like of the spectrometer, in order to keep the testing precision of the system, a temperature control system is needed to maintain the working temperature of the equipment to be stable, and the spectrum calibration of the equipment is needed to be carried out regularly; 4) multiple rows of pixel elements are usually required to be combined in order to guarantee the signal-to-noise ratio, thereby resulting in poor spatial resolution of the imaging result. The ultraviolet differential imaging method uses two ultraviolet channels to image at 280-320 nm of SO2 absorption spectrum wave band and image at wave band above 320nm, SO that two-dimensional distribution image of SO2 can be obtained quickly, and the method is a practical method for realizing SO2 quick detection, but because a broadband optical filter is used, the measurement result is influenced by the effects of meter scattering, Rayleigh scattering and other gas absorption in the air, the measurement precision is low, and the method is generally suitable for SO2 detection in occasions such as craters and the like, and is generally suitable for large concentration of SO 2. In a mode of combining a broadband optical filter and an ultra-narrow band optical filter, which is used by related units in China, SO2 is imaged in a wave band range with narrow SO2 absorption peaks and absorption valleys, the ultra-narrow band optical filter enables the transmitted light intensity to be weak, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the system cannot be guaranteed. The spectroscope is adopted to output incident light into different photoelectric detectors in two paths, images of the two paths can be acquired simultaneously, the two photoelectric detectors and the matched imaging circuits thereof are needed, the cost is high, and miniaturization integration is not convenient. In addition, the imaging mode cannot ensure the positioning consistency of the images of the two channels.
Disclosure of Invention
the invention aims to solve the problems of high time resolution, high cost, inconvenient maintenance and the like of the conventional SO2 two-dimensional distribution detection system and realize the rapid detection of SO2 two-dimensional distribution. The device mainly comprises a filter wheel and an ultraviolet imaging system. The device has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in maintenance, simple algorithm and high time resolution, and can realize real-time monitoring on the concentration change of the SO2 in the target area.
the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a portable sulfur dioxide two-dimensional distribution rapid detection device comprises an ultraviolet objective lens a, a light path switching device b, a filter wheel c, a CCD imaging circuit d, a micro industrial personal computer mainboard e, a power supply circuit f, a display g, upper computer software h, a 310nm band-pass filter 1, a 330nm band-pass filter 2, a non-light-transmitting material 3 and a visible broadband filter 4; four channels are designed on the filter wheel c, and are respectively provided with a 310nm band-pass filter 1, a 330nm band-pass filter 2, a non-light-transmitting material 3 and a visible broadband filter 4; the power supply circuit f is externally connected with a 12V power supply and is responsible for supplying power to the CCD imaging circuit d, the light path switching device b and the micro industrial personal computer mainboard e; the upper computer software h integrates a sulfur dioxide two-dimensional distribution algorithm, sends a light path switching instruction to the light path switching device b through a serial port to realize switching of different imaging channels, and receives imaging data from the CCD imaging circuit d by using a USB interface.
Furthermore, four switchable light path channels are carried by the filter wheel c, so that sequential collection of a 310nm narrow-band filtering image, a 330nm narrow-band filtering image, a visible light image and a dark background image can be realized, and automatic operation of the equipment is realized.
Further, the center wavelength of the 310nm band-pass filter 1 is 310nm, the full width at half maximum is 10nm, and the filter is in a strong absorption waveband of sulfur dioxide; the central wavelength of the 330nm band-pass filter 2 is 330nm, the full width at half maximum is 10nm, and the band-pass filter is positioned in a sulfur dioxide non-absorption wave band; the visible broadband filter 4 has a light-permeable spectral band between 300nm and 500nm, and an upper limit of more than 500 nm.
Furthermore, scientific grade ultraviolet detection CCD is selected and ground into an image circuit, a micro industrial personal computer mainboard and an independent embedded display are used by the computer, and miniaturization and portable integration of the device are achieved.
Furthermore, the self-developed CCD imaging circuit uses a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) as a CCD time sequence generator, and uses a USB control chip integrated with a singlechip kernel as a data transceiving interface and an instruction processing unit; the AD acquisition circuit integrated with the related double sampling is used for realizing CCD reset noise suppression and realizing the signal-to-noise ratio optimization of the imaging circuit; and a ping-pong buffer structure formed by two RMAs is used, so that the transmission integrity of image data is ensured.
Further, the test method is as follows:
1) starting a device detector for refrigerating for 5 minutes to ensure that the temperature of the detector reaches below-15 ℃;
2) imaging the smoke plume through a channel 4 of the visible broadband optical filter, and recording the imaging result as A;
3) Imaging the background sky outside the smoke plume through a channel 1 of a band-pass filter with the wavelength of 310nm, and recording the imaging result as B310;
4) imaging the smoke plume through a channel 1 of a band-pass filter with the wavelength of 310nm, and recording the imaging result as I310;
5) imaging the background sky outside the smoke plume through a channel 2 of a 330nm band-pass filter, and recording the imaging result as B330;
6) Imaging the target through a 330nm band-pass filter 2 channel, and recording the imaging result as I330;
7) imaging the target through the non-light-transmitting material 3 channel to obtain a dark background image, and recording the result as D;
8) and processing the imaging result in the computer, and displaying the result on the upper computer software h.
Further, a rapid imaging mode is designed, and sulfur dioxide concentration distribution detection can be realized only by using an imaging result of a 310nm band-pass filter 1 channel, and the specific method comprises the following steps:
1) Adjusting the size of the imaging area to ensure that the smoke plume target occupies the proportion of the whole imaging area 2/3, wherein both sides outside the smoke plume target need to have clean sky, and the imaging result is marked as I310;
2) analyzing observation results line by line, calculating background sky pixel values of the smoke plume according to clean sky pixel values on two sides of the smoke plume target in a polynomial fitting mode, and recording the result as B310;
3) Using the dark pixels at two sides of the imaging result I310 as the dark background of the row, and marking the result as D;
4) And (3) finishing the steps 2) and 3) in the computer, and finally finishing the result processing and displaying the result in the upper computer software h.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) the invention uses the multi-channel image acquisition method of the filter wheel, realizes the automatic acquisition of multi-channel data such as dark background and the like, and only uses a single detector to save the equipment cost;
(2) The method selects a 310nm wave band with strong absorption to SO2 as a filtering imaging channel, obtains the absorption intensity imaging of the target area SO2 to the atmosphere background light, selects a 330nm wave band filtering channel for imaging, detects the intensity condition of the smoke plume of the target area to the atmosphere background light under the condition that no SO2 absorption effect exists but other interference factors such as meter scattering, Rayleigh scattering and the like, ensures the detection light intensity because the bandwidths of two channel optical filters are 10nm, ensures the detection result of equipment to be more accurate and has stronger anti-interference capability;
(3) the invention selects a scientific grade CCD imaging detector, ensures the detection signal-to-noise ratio of the equipment, and simultaneously uses a self-grinding imaging circuit to realize the miniaturization and portable integration of the equipment;
(4) The invention designs a rapid detection mode, uses a 310nm wave band filtering imaging channel, adjusts a target imaging area, uses the pixel value of a no plume area in an image as initial background light, uses dark pixels at two sides of a CCD as image dark background, and can realize rapid calculation of two-dimensional distribution of SO2 only by collecting a single image.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a field working schematic diagram of the portable SO2 two-dimensional distribution rapid detection device of the invention.
fig. 2 is a system structure diagram of the portable SO2 two-dimensional distribution rapid detection device according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a self-developed CCD imaging circuit system according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is an observation of the two-dimensional distribution of SO 2.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description.
the invention relates to a portable SO2 two-dimensional distribution rapid detection device which is designed to realize rapid detection of SO2 concentration distribution of a target area.
the invention is mainly characterized in that: 1. by using the multi-channel image acquisition method of the filter wheel, the automatic acquisition of multi-channel data such as dark background and the like is realized, and the equipment cost is saved by using only a single detector; 2. selecting a 310nm wave band with strong absorption to SO2 as a filtering imaging channel, acquiring the absorption intensity imaging of the target area SO2 to the atmosphere background light, selecting a 330nm wave band filtering imaging channel, and detecting the intensity condition of the target area smoke plume to the atmosphere background light under the condition that no SO2 absorption effect exists but other interference factors such as meter scattering, Rayleigh scattering and the like exist, SO that the detection result of the equipment is more accurate and the anti-interference capability is stronger; 3. a scientific grade CCD imaging detector is selected, so that the detection signal-to-noise ratio of the equipment is ensured, and meanwhile, a self-grinding imaging circuit is used, so that the miniaturization and portable integration of the equipment are realized; 4. designing a rapid detection mode, using a 310nm wave band filtering imaging channel, adjusting a target imaging area, taking the pixel value of a no plume area in an image as initial background light, taking dark pixels on two sides of a CCD as image dark background, and only acquiring a single image to realize rapid calculation of two-dimensional distribution of SO 2; 5. the operation is simple, and as shown in a field working schematic diagram of the invention in figure 1, data acquisition can be started only by selecting a proper shooting point, erecting the device on a tripod and adjusting the shooting direction.
the composition and structure of the two-dimensional distribution rapid detection device for SO2 are shown in FIG. 2.
in fig. 2, a is an ultraviolet objective, b is a light path switching device, c is a filter wheel, d is a CCD imaging circuit, e is a micro industrial personal computer motherboard, f is a power supply circuit, g is a display, h is upper computer software, 1 is a 310nm band pass filter, 2 is a 330nm band pass filter, 3 is a non-light-transmitting material, and 4 is a visible broadband filter.
The ultraviolet objective lens adopts a double-Gaussian symmetrical design, and incident light passes through the front group of lenses, passes through the aperture diaphragm and then is focused and imaged on the ultraviolet detector through the rear group of lenses. The design indexes are as follows:
Band range: 240nm to 340 nm;
Field of view: 5 degrees;
System focal length: 73.8 mm;
As the lens material is limited by the ultraviolet band, quartz (JGS1) is selected as a negative lens, calcium fluoride (CAF2) is selected as a positive lens, and an ultraviolet lens group is formed. The curvature of the gluing surface can be determined by the chromatic aberration coefficient of the primary position of the gluing surface. In order to reduce the processing difficulty, a separate surface lens is used. The adjacent curvatures of the positive and negative lenses are consistent. The combination of positive and negative lenses of two materials can also eliminate partial spherical aberration in addition to eliminating chromatic aberration.
The imaging circuit detector adopts a CCD47-20 chip of E2V company, and after the working process of the device and the requirements on driving signals are analyzed, a programmable gate array (FPGA) is selected as a hardware circuit design platform, so that the design of a driving circuit is completed, and the 10ms rapid exposure imaging of a target is realized. The CCD47-20 is adopted by many aerospace scientific research units at home and abroad due to its excellent performance. It has an extremely broad spectral range: extreme ultraviolet to near infrared bands (10-1100 nm); having an AIMO mode of operation that is effective against ionizing radiation and minimizes dark current; the ultraviolet coating enhancement technology can enable the quantum efficiency of the ultraviolet band to reach 60 percent; the full-trap charge number of a single pixel is 100K, so that the pixel has a wider dynamic range; the integrated packaging process of the semiconductor refrigerator and the CCD is provided. In order to reduce the influence of dark current and improve the signal-to-noise ratio of an imaging system, the system adopts refrigeration at minus 15 ℃ for the CCD.
in order to realize portability and miniaturization of the device, the independently developed imaging circuit components are designed by adopting a small-size package and a 6-layer PCB, and a circuit system block diagram is shown in FIG. 3. The FPGA generates CCD time sequence waveforms, the CCD time sequence waveforms are converted into level signals capable of directly driving the CCD through a time sequence driving circuit, the CCD generates CCD analog signals under the driving of the time sequence level signals, the signals are converted into CCD digital image signals through a radio-level following circuit, a pre-amplification circuit, a related double sampling circuit, an AD conversion circuit and the like, the CCD digital image signals are transmitted into a ping-pong cache structure formed by two RAM through the FPGA, and a USB controller acquires image data from the ping-pong cache structure and sends the image data to upper computer software of a computer for processing.
The center wavelength of the 310nm optical filter is 310nm, and the full width at half maximum is 10 nm; the central wavelength of the 330nm filter is 330nm, and the full width at half maximum is 10 nm.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, an ultraviolet objective lens of the device is aimed at a target area for shooting, light rays are converged on a CCD imaging focal plane after passing through the ultraviolet objective lens and an optical filter, and an imaging circuit board converts the images into digital signals and transmits the digital signals to a computer through a USB cable for processing and calculation.
The system adopts +12V direct current power supply, and the power consumption is 50W.
by switching the light path, the invention can obtain a 310nm image, a 330nm image, a dark background image and an all-pass image. The positioning of the target can be realized by the all-pass image, the dark background image is used for subtracting the dark background of the filtered image, and the 310nm image and the 330nm image are used for calculating the two-dimensional distribution image of the SO2 concentration.
during measurement, the light path is switched to a full-pass image, and the lens view field is adjusted to cover all the smoke and occupy a proper number of pixels. In order to reduce the measurement error caused by light rays except plume as much as possible, the observation point should be as close to the target as possible; then switching the light path to 310nm and 330nm optical filters, and respectively acquiring filtered background light images and smoke plume images without smoke plume for each optical filter; and finally, switching to a non-light-transmitting channel to acquire a dark background image.
The method is characterized in that due to the problems of uneven lens field, uneven illumination and the like, halos can be formed in images, in order to correct halos, images of a non-cloud sky with an inclination angle of 45 degrees at 10:00 or 16:00 can be collected, the DN value of the images is almost different from that of a target area, and the DN value can be adjusted to be nearly saturated at a 330nm wave band and 80% of the saturation value at a 310nm wave band.
the algorithm principle is described as follows:
according to lambert beer's law, the light intensity IA (λ) acquired by the imaging system can be represented by equation (1):
In the formula, I0(λ) is background light intensity, σ I (λ) is absorption cross section of ith gas molecule in N gases, SCDi is oblique column concentration of ith gas molecule, and g (λ) represents equivalent gain of optical system and electronic system, that is, coefficient of system for converting light intensity into image pixel value.
in practical application, the atmospheric optical thickness is divided into a fast change part and a slow change part, wherein the slow change part is caused by Rayleigh scattering, meter scattering and the like in the atmosphere, and the fast change part is caused by atmospheric trace gas absorption. By adopting the differential idea, the absorption cross section of the trace gas is converted into a part σ s (λ) which changes slowly with the wavelength and a part σ' i (λ) which changes rapidly, namely:
σ(λ)＝σ(λ)+σ′(λ) (2)
Thus, there are:
for the present device, the gas to be measured can be understood as SO2 and other gases, and equation (3) can be written as:
in the formula, σ SO2 and SCDSO2 represent the absorption cross section and the concentration of the oblique column of SO2, respectively, and represent the absorption cross section and the concentration of the oblique column of other gases, respectively. For the background light image I0(310) and the smoke plume image I (310) collected using the 310nm channel, since other gases are less absorbing at this wavelength and can be eliminated, equation (4) can be written as:
I (310) ═ I0(310) exp { - [ σ SO2(310) SCDSO2+ σ s (310) SCDelse ] } g (310) (5) has:
The background light image I0(330) and the smoke plume image I (330) obtained with the 330nm channel are due to the fact that SO2 has no absorption at this wavelength and other gases have weak absorption, SO there are:
Since the system equivalent gain is independent of the wavelength, g (330) is g (310), σ s is the absorption cross section of the part which changes slowly with the wavelength, σ s (310) is approximately equal to σ s (330), and the formula (6) and the formula (7) are subtracted to obtain:
let a ═ σ sO2(310) SCDSO2, which can be defined as the absorption intensity of sO2, then there is a quantitative calculation formula for sO 2:
where I0 is the background light intensity and I is the detector received light intensity. In application, I0 can be expressed as the background light image pixel value of the smoke plume-free part, I is expressed as the image pixel value of the smoke plume-free part in the image, and both of them need to subtract the dark background image of the imaging system. The results of the equations (8) and (9) show that the oblique column concentration of SO2 has a linear relationship with the absorption intensity a, and the absolute concentration of SO2 can be scaled by a sample gas of a known concentration, and the results are converted to ppm.
in order to shorten the period of detecting the two-dimensional distribution of the SO2, the device can be set to operate in a fast mode, in which only the image of the smoke plume at 310nm needs to be acquired, but it is ensured that the field of view contains a background sky with no smoke plume partially. Background software extracts background sky without smoke plume in the image as I0, the value of each row of dark pixel at two sides of the CCD can be used as the dark background of the image, the absorption intensity value can be obtained through calculation, and the ppm.m value of SO2 can be quickly obtained by combining calibration data.
the device can set two working modes, namely a normal mode and a quick mode. In a normal mode, 5 images of different channels and different view fields need to be shot, SO2 oblique column concentration two-dimensional distribution images with higher precision can be obtained, and the time resolution is about 10 s; in the fast mode, only 1 image needs to be acquired, and the SO2 two-dimensional distribution image can be rapidly obtained through upper computer software, wherein the time resolution is about 2 s. Fig. 4 is a two-dimensional distribution diagram of SO2 absorption intensity obtained by the present apparatus.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a quick detection device of portable sulfur dioxide two-dimensional distribution which characterized in that: the device comprises an ultraviolet objective (a), a light path switching device (b), a filter wheel (c), a CCD imaging circuit (d), a micro industrial personal computer mainboard (e), a power supply circuit (f), a display (g), upper computer software (h), a 310nm band-pass filter (1), a 330nm band-pass filter (2), a non-light-transmitting material (3) and a visible broadband filter (4); four channels are designed on the filter wheel (c), and are respectively provided with a 310nm band-pass filter (1), a 330nm band-pass filter (2), a non-light-transmitting material (3) and a visible broadband filter (4); the power supply circuit (f) is externally connected with a 12V power supply and is responsible for supplying power to the CCD imaging circuit (d), the light path switching device (b) and the micro industrial personal computer mainboard (e); the upper computer software (h) integrates a sulfur dioxide two-dimensional distribution algorithm, sends a light path switching instruction to the light path switching device (b) through the serial port to realize the switching of different imaging channels, and receives imaging data from the CCD imaging circuit (d) by using a USB interface.
2. The portable sulfur dioxide two-dimensional distribution rapid detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the filter wheel (c) is used for carrying four switchable light path channels, so that sequential collection of a 310nm narrow-band filter image, a 330nm narrow-band filter image, a visible light image and a dark background image can be realized, and automatic operation of equipment is realized.
3. the portable sulfur dioxide two-dimensional distribution rapid detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the center wavelength of the 310nm band-pass filter (1) is 310nm, the full width at half maximum is 10nm, and the band-pass filter is in a sulfur dioxide strong absorption wave band; the central wavelength of the 330nm band-pass filter (2) is 330nm, the full width at half maximum is 10nm, and the band-pass filter is positioned in a sulfur dioxide non-absorption wave band; the visible broadband filter (4) has a light-permeable spectrum band of 300-500 nm, the lower limit of which can be lower than 300nm and the upper limit of which can be higher than 500 nm.
4. the portable sulfur dioxide two-dimensional distribution rapid detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: scientific grade ultraviolet detection CCD is selected and is self-ground into an image circuit, and a micro industrial personal computer mainboard and an independent embedded display are used by a computer, so that miniaturization and portable integration of the device are realized.
5. the portable sulfur dioxide two-dimensional distribution rapid detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the self-developed CCD imaging circuit uses a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) as a CCD time sequence generator, and uses a USB control chip integrated with a singlechip kernel as a data transceiving interface and an instruction processing unit; the AD acquisition circuit integrated with the related double sampling is used for realizing CCD reset noise suppression and realizing the signal-to-noise ratio optimization of the imaging circuit; and a ping-pong buffer structure formed by two RAMs is used, so that the transmission integrity of image data is ensured.
6. the portable sulfur dioxide two-dimensional distribution rapid detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the test method is as follows:
1) Starting a device detector for refrigerating for 5 minutes to ensure that the temperature of the detector reaches below-15 ℃;
2) Imaging the smoke plume through a channel of the visible broadband optical filter (4), and recording the imaging result as A;
3) imaging the background sky outside the smoke plume through a channel of the 310nm band-pass filter (1), and recording the imaging result as B310;
4) imaging the smoke plume through a channel of a 310nm band-pass filter (1), and recording the imaging result as I310;
5) Imaging the background sky outside the smoke plume through a 330nm band-pass filter (2) channel, and recording the imaging result as B330;
6) Imaging the target through a 330nm band-pass filter (2) channel, and recording the imaging result as I330;
7) imaging the target through the non-light-transmitting material (3) channel to obtain a dark background image, and recording the result as D;
8) And (d) processing the imaging result in the computer, and displaying the result on the upper computer software (h).
7. The portable sulfur dioxide two-dimensional distribution rapid detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: a rapid imaging mode is designed, and sulfur dioxide concentration distribution detection can be realized only by using a 310nm band-pass filter (1) channel imaging result, and the specific method comprises the following steps:
1) Adjusting the size of the imaging area to ensure that the smoke plume target occupies the proportion of the whole imaging area 2/3, wherein both sides outside the smoke plume target need to have clean sky, and the imaging result is marked as I310;
2) Analyzing observation results line by line, calculating background sky pixel values of the smoke plume position by adopting a polynomial fitting mode according to pixel values of clean sky areas on two sides of the smoke plume target, and recording the result as B310;
3) using the dark pixels at two sides of the imaging result I310 as the dark background of the row, and marking the result as D;
4) And (3) finishing the steps 2) and 3) in the computer, and finally finishing the result processing and displaying the result in the upper computer software (h).
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