CN110541775A - Method for operating a fuel injector and fuel injector - Google Patents

Method for operating a fuel injector and fuel injector Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110541775A
CN110541775A CN201910450494.6A CN201910450494A CN110541775A CN 110541775 A CN110541775 A CN 110541775A CN 201910450494 A CN201910450494 A CN 201910450494A CN 110541775 A CN110541775 A CN 110541775A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
blocking element
fuel injector
gaseous fuel
section
flow path
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN201910450494.6A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
J·韦斯内尔
M·卡茨
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Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of CN110541775A publication Critical patent/CN110541775A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0203—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels characterised by the type of gaseous fuel
    • F02M21/0215—Mixtures of gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Biogas; Mine gas; Landfill gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0248—Injectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0248—Injectors
    • F02M21/0251—Details of actuators therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0248—Injectors
    • F02M21/0251—Details of actuators therefor
    • F02M21/0254—Electric actuators, e.g. solenoid or piezoelectric
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
    • F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
    • F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02M21/0248—Injectors
    • F02M21/0257—Details of the valve closing elements, e.g. valve seats, stems or arrangement of flow passages
    • F02M21/026—Lift valves, i.e. stem operated valves
    • F02M21/0263—Inwardly opening single or multi nozzle valves, e.g. needle valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/04—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/02—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with gaseous fuels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0639—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels
    • F02D19/0642—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels at least one fuel being gaseous, the other fuels being gaseous or liquid at standard conditions
    • F02D19/0647—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels at least one fuel being gaseous, the other fuels being gaseous or liquid at standard conditions the gaseous fuel being liquefied petroleum gas [LPG], liquefied natural gas [LNG], compressed natural gas [CNG] or dimethyl ether [DME]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/06—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed
    • F02D19/0663—Details on the fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
    • F02D19/0686—Injectors
    • F02D19/0694—Injectors operating with a plurality of fuels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D41/0027—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures the fuel being gaseous
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/28—Details of throttles in fuel-injection apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/29—Fuel-injection apparatus having rotating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/46—Valves, e.g. injectors, with concentric valve bodies
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M43/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operating simultaneously on two or more fuels, or on a liquid fuel and another liquid, e.g. the other liquid being an anti-knock additive
    • F02M43/04—Injectors peculiar thereto
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M45/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship
    • F02M45/02—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship with each cyclic delivery being separated into two or more parts
    • F02M45/04—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship with each cyclic delivery being separated into two or more parts with a small initial part, e.g. initial part for partial load and initial and main part for full load
    • F02M45/08—Injectors peculiar thereto
    • F02M45/086—Having more than one injection-valve controlling discharge orifices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M61/1893—Details of valve member ends not covered by groups F02M61/1866 - F02M61/188
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0031—Valves characterized by the type of valves, e.g. special valve member details, valve seat details, valve housing details
    • F02M63/0038—Valves characterized by the type of valves, e.g. special valve member details, valve seat details, valve housing details rotary
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0059—Arrangements of valve actuators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for operating a fuel injector, comprising a nozzle needle (2) that interacts with a sealing seat (1) and can be moved back and forth, for releasing and closing at least one injection opening (3) through which gaseous fuel is injected into a combustion chamber (4) of an internal combustion engine. According to the invention, the inflow of the gaseous fuel into the sealing seat (1) is adjusted in dependence on the load by changing the free flow cross section in the flow path of the gaseous fuel such that the inflow of the gaseous fuel into the sealing seat (1) is smaller in the partial load case than in the full load case. The invention further relates to a fuel injector for carrying out the method.

Description

Method for operating a fuel injector and fuel injector
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for operating a fuel injector. Furthermore, a fuel injector is proposed, which is suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention or can be operated according to the method according to the invention.
Background
The fuel injector may be configured as a single fuel injector or as a dual fuel injector. The gaseous fuel may in particular be Natural Gas (NG, i.e. "Natural Gas").
In the combustion of gaseous fuels, higher and higher injection pressures are achieved in order to meet the requirements at full load as set forth for the combustion of diesel fuel. However, high injection pressures lead to excessively high injection rates during partial load operation of the internal combustion engine and these injection rates are often accompanied by undesirable noise formation and/or increased nitrogen oxide emissions when implemented. This situation should be avoided.
as a solution, a pressure regulating valve for regulating the gas pressure can be provided on a storage container for the gaseous fuel, via which storage container at least one fuel injector can be supplied with the gaseous fuel. Gas pressure regulation by such a pressure regulator is very slow due to the high compressibility of gaseous fuels. Furthermore, a large loss of control quantity results, since this control quantity cannot be either returned to the gas tank or supplied for combustion because of the low pressure level.
The resulting control quantities cannot be discharged into the surroundings due to the high warming tendency ("global warming").
Disclosure of Invention
the object on which the invention is based is therefore to configure the injection rate of the gaseous fuel into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine in a load-dependent manner in order to avoid the disadvantages described above.
To solve this object, a method for operating a fuel injector and a corresponding fuel injector are proposed. Advantageous embodiments of the invention result from the preferred embodiments.
A method for operating a fuel injector is proposed, which injector comprises a reciprocatable nozzle needle interacting with a sealing seat for releasing and closing at least one blow-in opening. Gaseous fuel is blown into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine via said blow-in openings. According to the invention, the inflow of the gaseous fuel into the sealing seat is adjusted in dependence on the load by changing the free flow cross section in the flow path of the gaseous fuel, so that the inflow of the gaseous fuel into the sealing seat is smaller in the partial load case than in the full load case.
A smaller inflow of gaseous fuel at partial load of the internal combustion engine leads to a reduced gas quantity and thus to a reduction in the gas pressure before the at least one injection opening. Therefore, the blowing rate in the case of partial load is lower than that in the case of full load. The proposed method enables load-dependent blow-in rate shaping in this way. The disadvantages mentioned at the outset with an excessively high blowing rate can be correspondingly avoided.
Preferably, the free flow cross section in the flow path of the gaseous fuel is changed by means of a twistable and/or movable blocking element. The blocking element thus fulfills the function of a pressure regulator integrated into the flow path, whose overflow quantity (abseuerrengge) at the same time constitutes the required insufflation quantity. In this case, the blocking element is preferably twisted about the longitudinal axis a of the fuel injector and/or moved parallel to the longitudinal axis a.
The torsional twisting and/or displacement of the blocking element can be effected independently of the stroke of the nozzle needle. That is to say, the load-dependent blow-in rate shaping is effected independently of the stroke of the nozzle needle.
it is further preferred to use a sleeve-shaped blocking element with at least one peripheral side opening for changing the free-flow cross section in the flow path. The circumferential side opening completely overlaps the free-flow cross section in the flow path in the case of full load, and partially overlaps the free-flow cross section in the flow path in the case of partial load. The at least one opening then defines a maximum free-flow cross section which can be limited by twisting and/or moving the sleeve-shaped blocking element, since the blocking element (like a flap) moves in front of and partially obstructs the free-flow cross section.
The twisting and/or the movement of the blocking element can be achieved hydraulically, pneumatically, electrically or electromagnetically. Thus, the method of the present invention can be carried out in a variety of ways. The rotation of the blocking element is preferably effected by means of an eccentrically acting force, which in turn can be generated hydraulically, pneumatically, electrically or electromagnetically. The torque which causes the desired torsion of the blocking element is generated by the eccentrically acting force.
The twisting and/or the displacement of the blocking element can be carried out in discrete steps or steplessly. The end position and thus the maximum rotation or displacement of the blocking element can be predetermined, for example, by a stop. In this case, the blocking element can be brought into at least two discrete positions.
According to a first preferred embodiment of the invention, the eccentrically acting force required for twisting the blocking element is applied by means of an actuator, in particular by means of a piston which is acted upon by pressure. For this purpose, the longitudinal axis of the piston is oriented substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis a of the fuel injector, which preferably coincides with the longitudinal axis of the blocking element and preferably also the axis of rotation. In this case, the longitudinal axis of the piston is not allowed to intersect the longitudinal axis a of the fuel injector, since otherwise no eccentrically acting forces would be exerted.
According to a further preferred embodiment, the eccentrically acting force is generated by means of at least one magnet, in particular an electromagnet. Depending on the manner of energization, the blocking element can also be reset in this manner into its initial position.
in order to achieve a resetting of the blocking element in a particularly simple manner, it is proposed that the blocking element be twisted against the spring force of the spring. As soon as the eccentrically acting force for generating the torque is cancelled, the spring automatically returns the blocking element into its starting position. This preferably applies analogously to the case of an alternative or complementary movement of the blocking element.
Furthermore, a fuel injector for carrying out the method according to the invention is proposed. The fuel injector comprises a reciprocatable nozzle needle interacting with a sealing seat for releasing and closing at least one blow-in opening, via which gaseous fuel can be blown into a combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. According to the invention, a twistable and/or movable blocking element is provided for changing the free flow cross section in the flow path of the gaseous fuel.
By twisting and/or moving the blocking element, the free flow cross section in the flow path of the gaseous fuel can be reduced, so that in the case of partial load less fuel flows in the direction of the sealing seat and thus in the direction of the at least one blow-in opening. The gas pressure before the blow-in opening also decreases with the gas quantity, so that the blow-in rate is lower in the case of partial load.
Since the fuel injector is adapted to perform the inventive method as described before, the same advantages can be achieved with the fuel injector. In particular, a load-dependent blow-in rate shaping can be produced independently of the stroke of the nozzle needle.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the blocking element is configured sleeve-shaped and has at least one peripheral side opening which can selectively overlap completely or partially with the free-flow cross section in the flow path of the gaseous fuel. Preferably, the circumferential-side opening completely overlaps the free-flow cross section in the flow path in the case of full load and partially overlaps the free-flow cross section in the flow path in the case of partial load. The at least one opening defines a maximum free-flow cross section under full load, which can be limited by twisting and/or moving the sleeve-shaped blocking element. Here, the blocking element (like a baffle) moves in front of and partially covers the free flow cross section.
In a further development of the invention, it is proposed that the blocking element has an eccentrically arranged force application surface. If a force acts on this surface, a torque is generated which causes the blocking element to twist due to the eccentricity of the surface. Preferably, the eccentrically arranged force application surface is oriented parallel to the longitudinal axis a of the fuel injector. In order to form an eccentrically arranged force application surface, the blocking element can have, for example, a web arranged on the outer circumferential side and extending parallel to the longitudinal axis.
Furthermore, an actuator for twisting and/or displacing the blocking element is preferably provided. The force required for the twisting and/or displacement can be generated by means of the actuator and/or can be transmitted to the blocking element. The actuator may comprise, for example, a piston, an electromagnet, a permanent magnet and/or a spring, which can be loaded by pressure. The restoring force can be generated in particular by means of a spring if the blocking element is twisted and/or moved against the spring force of the spring. In respect of the specific configuration and mode of action of the actuating device, reference is made to the above-mentioned embodiments, which are realized in connection with the method according to the invention, more in order to avoid repetitions.
Drawings
preferred embodiments of the present invention are explained in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The figures show:
Figure 1 a schematic longitudinal section of a fuel injector according to the invention limited to the area of the nozzle,
fig. 2 is a schematic cross section of the fuel injector of fig. 1 in the region of the blocking element at maximum inflow.
Figure 3 is a schematic cross-section of the fuel injector of figure 1 in the region of the blocking element when reducing the inflow,
Figure 4 a schematic cross-section of a second fuel injector of the present invention in the region of an actuator for a torsion barrier,
figure 5 a schematic cross-section of a third fuel injector according to the invention in the region of an actuator for a torsion-blocking element,
Figure 6 a schematic cross-section of a fourth fuel injector according to the invention in the region of an actuator for a torsion-blocking element,
FIG. 7 is a very simplified connection diagram of the fuel injector of the present invention.
Detailed Description
the fuel injector according to the invention, which is schematically illustrated in fig. 1 to 3, comprises a nozzle body 14, in which a nozzle needle 2 for releasing and closing a plurality of injection openings 3 is received in a reciprocating manner. The nozzle needle 2 interacts with a sealing seat 1 formed by a nozzle body 14. If the nozzle needle 2 is lifted from the sealing seat 1, the gaseous fuel (which may be, in particular, natural gas) can flow via the flow path 5 in the direction of the blow-in opening 3. The gaseous fuel is then blown into the combustion chamber 4 of the internal combustion engine via the blow-in opening 3.
The flow path 5 is formed by a central bore 15 of the nozzle body 14 in the region of the blow-in opening 3. The bore 15 is designed as a stepped bore, so that an annular shoulder 17 is formed, which is formed in a conical manner, and the sleeve-shaped blocking element 6 with the circumferential opening 7 is supported on the shoulder 17 and is axially prestressed against the shoulder 17 by means of the spring force of the spring 13. The nozzle needle 2 passes through the sleeve-shaped blocking element 6 and the spring 13, so that the stroke of the nozzle needle 2 is not influenced by the blocking element 6 and/or the spring 13. The nozzle body 14 has, radially on the outside with respect to the sleeve-shaped blocking element 6, two laterally arranged bores 16 (see also fig. 2 and 3), which are also part of the flow path 5 for the gaseous fuel.
As can be gathered from fig. 2, the opening 7 of the blocking element 6 can completely overlap the bore 16 of the nozzle body 14. In this position of the blocking element 6, the inflow of gaseous fuel via the flow path 5 is maximal. The blocking element 6 preferably assumes this position under full load of the internal combustion engine.
Furthermore, as can be gathered from fig. 3, the opening 7 can also only partially overlap the bore 16 of the nozzle body 14 by twisting the blocking element 6. In this position, the blocking element 6 partially or almost completely covers the bore 16, so that less fuel flows into the central bore 15 of the nozzle body 14. The blocking element 6 preferably assumes this position in the partial load situation of the internal combustion engine. Since the gas pressure before the blow-in opening 3 is also reduced as a result of the reduced inflow, the blow-in rate is lower. Thus, a load-dependent blow-in rate shaping can be achieved by means of the twistable blocking element 6.
The twisting of the sleeve-shaped blocking element 6 can be caused in different ways. Different possibilities are shown by way of example in fig. 4 to 6.
in the exemplary embodiment of fig. 4, an actuator for the rotation blocking element 6 is provided, which comprises a piston 10 that can be acted upon by pressure and comprises a spring 8. The piston 10 bears against an eccentrically arranged force application surface 9 of the blocking element 6. At the other end, the piston 10 delimits a pressure chamber 18 which can be acted upon by a pressure medium, for example a hydraulic pressure medium. Therefore, a pressure force that is transmitted from the piston 10 to the force application surface 9 and generates a torque acts on the piston 10. This torque causes the blocking element 6 to twist about the longitudinal axis a (see fig. 1) of the fuel injector against the spring force of the spring 8. If the pressure in the pressure chamber 18 subsequently decreases again, the spring force of the spring 8 returns the blocking element 6 into its initial position.
Another embodiment is shown in fig. 5. The actuator device here comprises an electromagnet 11 which, when energized, generates a magnetic force which acts on the eccentric force application surface 9 of the blocking element 6 and generates a torque. Here too, blocking element 6 is twisted against the spring force of spring 8, so that when energization of electromagnet 11 is ended, spring 8 causes blocking element 6 to reset.
in the embodiment of fig. 6, an electromagnet 11 and a permanent magnet 12 are used as the actuator. This has the following advantages: the spring 8 for the return can be dispensed with, since the blocking element 6 returns autonomously into its initial position due to the permanent magnet 12.
as can be seen from the circuit diagram of fig. 7, a variable throttle point 21 can be realized in the flow path 5 of the gaseous fuel by means of the blocking element 6. Further downstream, the sealing seat 1 is a further variable throttle point 20, which is dependent on the stroke of the nozzle needle 2. The blowing openings 3 each form a throttle point 19 of constant cross section. In the method according to the invention for shaping the load-dependent blowing rate, the throttle cross section is only changed in the region of the variable throttle point 21, in particular preferably taking into account the combustion chamber pressure. For this purpose, the fuel injector can have an attachment 22 to the combustion chamber 4, so that the nozzle needle 2 is acted upon by the combustion chamber pressure both in the opening direction and in the closing direction.

Claims (10)

1. A method for operating a fuel injector, which injector comprises a reciprocally movable nozzle needle (2) interacting with a sealing seat (1) for releasing and closing at least one blow-in opening (3) via which a gaseous fuel is blown into a combustion chamber (4) of an internal combustion engine, characterized in that the inflow of the gaseous fuel into the sealing seat (1) is adjusted load-dependently by changing the free flow cross section in the flow path (5) of the gaseous fuel such that the inflow of the gaseous fuel into the sealing seat (1) is smaller in the case of partial load than in the case of full load.
2. the method of claim 1, wherein the first and second light sources are selected from the group consisting of,
characterized in that the free flow cross section in the flow path (5) of the gaseous fuel is changed by means of a torsionally and/or movably blocking element (6), which is preferably torsionally and/or movably parallel to a longitudinal axis (A) of the fuel injector.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the first and second light sources are selected from the group consisting of,
Characterized in that a sleeve-shaped blocking element (6) with at least one peripheral side opening (7) is used, which completely overlaps the free-flow cross section in the flow path (5) in the case of full load and partially overlaps the free-flow cross section in the flow path (5) in the case of partial load.
4. the method according to claim 2 or 3,
characterized in that the blocking element (6) is rotated and/or displaced hydraulically, pneumatically, electrically or electromagnetically, wherein the blocking element (6) is preferably rotated by means of an eccentrically acting force which is generated hydraulically, pneumatically, electrically or electromagnetically.
5. The method of any one of claims 2 to 4,
It is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
The blocking element (6) is twisted and/or displaced against the spring force of the spring (8).
6. A fuel injector for carrying out the method according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a reciprocatingly movable nozzle needle (2) co-acting with the sealing seat (1) for releasing and closing at least one blow-in opening (3) via which gaseous fuel can be blown into a combustion chamber (4) of an internal combustion engine,
Characterized in that a torsionally and/or movably blocking element (6) is provided for changing the free flow cross section in the flow path (6) of the gaseous fuel.
7. The fuel injector of claim 6, wherein the fuel injector,
Characterized in that the blocking element (6) is twistable about a longitudinal axis (A) of the fuel injector and/or movable parallel to the longitudinal axis (A).
8. The fuel injector of claim 6 or 7,
Characterized in that the blocking element (6) is configured sleeve-shaped and has at least one peripheral side opening (7) which can selectively overlap completely or partially with a free-flow cross section in the flow path (5) of the gaseous fuel.
9. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 8,
characterized in that the blocking element (6) has an eccentrically arranged force application surface (9) which is preferably oriented parallel to the longitudinal axis (A).
10. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 9,
Characterized in that an actuator is provided for twisting and/or displacing the blocking element (6), wherein preferably the actuator comprises a piston (10) which can be acted upon by pressure and comprises an electromagnet (11), a permanent magnet (12) and/or a spring (8).
CN201910450494.6A 2018-05-28 2019-05-28 Method for operating a fuel injector and fuel injector Pending CN110541775A (en)

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DE102018208361.4A DE102018208361A1 (en) 2018-05-28 2018-05-28 Method for operating a fuel injector, fuel injector
DE102018208361.4 2018-05-28

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DE102019208332A1 (en) * 2019-06-07 2020-12-10 Robert Bosch Gmbh Fuel injector, method of operating a fuel injector
CN115045767B (en) * 2022-04-27 2023-08-18 一汽解放汽车有限公司 Dual-fuel engine injection control method, device, controller and storage medium

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JPS60256555A (en) * 1984-05-31 1985-12-18 Isuzu Motors Ltd Variable caliber nozzle
DE102014201735A1 (en) * 2014-01-31 2015-08-06 Robert Bosch Gmbh high pressure pump
DE102015216759A1 (en) * 2015-09-02 2017-03-02 Robert Bosch Gmbh Two-substance injector for two media
DE102016204435A1 (en) * 2016-03-17 2017-09-21 Robert Bosch Gmbh Method and device for controlling the injection rate of a gaseous fuel

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