CN110540332B - Fluorine-containing and chlorine-containing sewage treatment process - Google Patents
Fluorine-containing and chlorine-containing sewage treatment process Download PDFInfo
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/54—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using organic material
- C02F1/56—Macromolecular compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/66—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by neutralisation; pH adjustment
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
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- C02F2101/12—Halogens or halogen-containing compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/12—Halogens or halogen-containing compounds
- C02F2101/14—Fluorine or fluorine-containing compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
- C02F2301/08—Multistage treatments, e.g. repetition of the same process step under different conditions
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Abstract
The invention relates to a fluorine-containing and chlorine-containing sewage treatment process, and belongs to the technical field of sewage treatment. The method comprises a neutralization process, a primary evaporation process, a primary separation process, a fluorine removal process and a secondary evaporation process. The invention mainly aims at the sewage containing fluorine and chlorine, the fluoride and the chloride are converted into valuable sodium fluoride and sodium chloride, the sodium fluoride and the sodium chloride are separated from the water, the separated sodium fluoride meets the sodium fluoride standard of the nonferrous metal industry, the sodium chloride contains less impurities, the solid waste is converted into a material with useful value to a certain extent, the enterprise benefit is increased, the burden of the environment is lightened, and the resource reutilization is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fluorine-containing and chlorine-containing sewage treatment process, and belongs to the technical field of sewage treatment.
Background
The sewage containing fluoride mostly comes from the phosphate fertilizer production and fluorine chemical industry, the concentration of the fluorine contained in the discharged sewage is very high and can reach thousands of milligrams per liter to tens of thousands of milligrams per liter, the sewage discharged from the fluorine chemical industry is mainly composed of hydrofluoric acid, villiaumite and hydrochloric acid, the fluorine-containing waste water is treated by a chemical precipitation method, the factors influencing the removal effect of the fluoride are many, such as precipitation time, a precipitation tank form, a pH value, a temperature, a salt effect, a homoionic effect and the like, and the common precipitator is limestone (CaCO)3) Slaked lime [ Ca (OH) ]2]Or carbide slag, wherein the fluoride concentration of the treated sewage is 2-20 mg/L.
In recent years, the national requirements for water pollutant discharge are more strict, fluoride is difficult to achieve by adopting a chemical precipitation method, on the other hand, the national environmental protection is increasingly strict, the implemented sewage discharge standard takes chloride as a control index, and the discharge requirements can not be achieved by adopting the original method.
The invention mainly aims at the sewage containing fluorine and chlorine, the fluoride and the chloride are converted into valuable sodium fluoride and sodium chloride, the sodium fluoride and the sodium chloride are separated from the water, the separated sodium fluoride meets the sodium fluoride standard of the nonferrous metal industry, the sodium chloride contains less impurities, the solid waste is converted into a material with useful value to a certain extent, the enterprise benefit is increased, the burden of the environment is lightened, and the resource reutilization is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and provide a process for treating fluorine-containing and chlorine-containing sewage.
The technical scheme of the invention is a fluorine-containing and chlorine-containing sewage treatment process, which comprises the following steps:
(1) a neutralization step: collecting and homogenizing fluorine-containing and chlorine-containing sewage in a collecting tank, conveying the sewage to a neutralization tank (2-3) through a No. 1 conveying pump, and adding NaOH to neutralize the acidic sewage;
(2) a first-stage evaporation process: conveying the neutralized sewage obtained in the step (1) to a primary concentration system (2-3) through a No. 2 conveying pump, heating a primary first concentrator by using fresh steam (0.1-0.4 MPa), raising the temperature of materials to 100-140 ℃, and carrying out evaporation concentration under the condition of 0.1-0.3 MPa, wherein the concentration of sodium fluoride in the sewage is concentrated to 5-10%;
the second concentrator of the primary evaporation system carries out secondary heating concentration by utilizing the heat of secondary steam of the first concentrator, and the third concentrator carries out secondary heating concentration by utilizing the heat of the secondary steam of the second concentrator; the evaporated condensed water of the last stage is cooled to reach the index of the reuse water, and can be used as circulating water replenishing water, greening and toilet flushing water or returned to the defluorination process of the technology for preparing medicaments.
Simultaneously, the concentrated solution flows downstream from the first concentrator to the second concentrator by means of pressure difference, and the second concentrator is transferred to the third concentrator; concentrating the concentration of sodium fluoride in the sewage to 10-50%; the last concentrator of the primary evaporation system is adjusted in pressure by a vacuum system.
According to the waste water quantity and the waste water fluorine ion concentration, the primary evaporation system can be provided with a plurality of concentrators.
(3) A first-stage separation process: conveying the concentrated solution in the step (2) to a No. 1 settler through a No. 1 discharge pump; standing and settling, allowing the lower-layer salt slurry to enter a No. 1 centrifugal machine, performing centrifugal separation to obtain crystallized villiaumite, and further drying in a dryer to obtain powdery NaF; the supernatant and the centrifugal mother liquor enter a defluorination process;
(4) a fluorine removal process: conveying the clear liquid and the centrifugal mother liquid obtained in the step (3) to a defluorination device, and sequentially adding calcium chloride (CaCl)2) The sewage is defluorinated by the action mechanisms of adsorption, ion exchange, complex sedimentation and the like of a coagulant, a flocculant and the like, and is conveyed to a dehydrator through a No. 2 discharge pump, a filter cake is calcium fluoride, and clear liquid is conveyed to a secondary evaporation process;
wherein calcium chloride (CaCl) is added2) In the amount of wastewater fluoride ion (F)-) The mass is 0.2-0.5 times; the coagulant is polyaluminium inorganic salt coagulant, the addition amount of the polyaluminium inorganic salt coagulant is 50-200 mg/L based on the mass of the wastewater, and the addition amount of the flocculant is 150-600 mg/L based on the mass of the wastewater.
(5) A secondary evaporation process: conveying the clear liquid obtained in the step (4) to a secondary concentration system (2-3) through a 3# conveying pump, heating a secondary first concentrator by using fresh steam (0.1-0.4 MPa), raising the temperature of the material to 100-140 ℃, and carrying out evaporation concentration under the condition of 0.1-0.3 MPa, wherein the concentration of sodium chloride in the sewage is concentrated to 10-20%;
the second concentrator of the two-stage evaporation system carries out secondary heating concentration by utilizing the heat of secondary steam of the first concentrator, and the third concentrator carries out secondary heating concentration by utilizing the heat of the secondary steam of the second concentrator; the last stage of evaporation condensed water reaches the index of reuse water after being cooled, and can be used as circulating water for supplementing water, greening and flushing toilets.
Simultaneously, the concentrated solution flows downstream from the first concentrator to the second concentrator by means of pressure difference, and the second concentrator is transferred to the third concentrator; concentrating the concentration of sodium fluoride in the sewage to 20-60%; the last concentrator of the two-stage evaporation system is adjusted in pressure by a vacuum system.
According to the waste water quantity and the waste water chloride ion concentration, the secondary evaporation system can be provided with a plurality of concentrators.
(6) A secondary separation process: conveying the concentrated solution in the step (5) to a 2# settler through a 3# discharge pump; standing and settling, allowing the lower-layer salt slurry to enter a No. 2 centrifugal machine, performing centrifugal separation to obtain crystallized chlorine salt, wherein the main component is NaCl, the water content is less than 3%, and the centrifugal mother liquor and the supernatant of the No. 2 settler are returned to the secondary evaporation process for recycling.
The equipment adopted by the fluorine-containing and chlorine-containing sewage treatment process comprises a collecting tank, a No. 1 delivery pump, a neutralization tank, a No. 2 delivery pump, a primary evaporation system, a No. 1 discharge pump, a No. 1 settler, a No. 1 centrifuge, a dryer, a dechlorination device, a No. 2 discharge pump, a dehydrator, a temporary storage tank, a No. 3 delivery pump, a secondary evaporation system, a No. 3 discharge pump, a No. 2 settler and a No. 2 centrifuge; the devices are connected in sequence, wherein the 2# settler and the 2# centrifuge are also communicated with the temporary storage tank;
the primary evaporation system comprises a plurality of primary concentrators which are sequentially connected, and the bottom of the last primary concentrator is connected with a No. 1 discharge pump; the primary condenser is connected with the primary condenser, and the primary condenser is respectively connected with the primary vacuum system and the primary receiving tank;
the secondary evaporation system comprises a plurality of secondary concentrators which are sequentially connected, and the bottom of the last secondary concentrator is connected with a No. 3 discharge pump; the second-stage concentrator is connected with a second-stage condenser, and the second-stage condenser is respectively connected with a second-stage vacuum system and a second-stage receiving groove.
The vacuum system is controlled by a PIC controller connected with the last primary/secondary concentrator in the two-stage evaporation system, gas in the concentrator is conveyed into the primary/secondary condenser, cooling is carried out by circulating water, and condensed water obtained by condensation enters a primary/secondary receiving groove.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the traditional fluorine-containing and chlorine-containing wastewater adopts a chemical precipitation method, so that a plurality of factors influencing the fluoride removal effect, such as precipitation time, a precipitation tank form, a pH value, temperature, a salt effect, a homoionic effect and the like, are difficult to meet the improved environmental protection requirement, and the possibility of exceeding the standard exists; in addition, other salt ions cannot be removed effectively, and other desalting methods such as membrane treatment, evaporation, etc. are also required. The invention directly adopts a technical method combining multi-stage evaporation and separation to realize defluorination and dechlorination;
2. the waste water contains chlorine salt and villiaumite, the traditional desalination method can only obtain villiaumite, the villiaumite can only be treated as solid waste, the invention is adopted, a defluorination separation system is added in the conventional multiple-effect evaporation process, different types of villiaumite and chlorine salt are effectively separated, the separated natrium fluoride meets the first-level standard of the natrium fluoride standard of the nonferrous metal industry, even reaches the standard of toothpaste-grade natrium fluoride, the solid waste is really converted into a product with high added value, the enterprise benefit is increased, the burden of the environment is lightened, and the reutilization of resources is realized;
3. the sewage discharged from the fluorine chemical production mainly containing hydrofluoric acid and hydrochloric acid can obtain NaCl with few impurities after the residual sewage is subjected to fluorine removal treatment except that relatively pure NaF is obtained;
4. the evaporation system adopts negative pressure, so that the requirement of a heat source is reduced, and meanwhile, the heat source is utilized in multiple stages, so that the energy is effectively saved;
5. the secondary steam condensate water generated by evaporation can be reused for production, so that the repeated utilization rate of water is improved, and zero discharge of wastewater is realized;
6. adopt DCS automatic control, the operation management is convenient, and safety and stability is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the apparatus used in the process of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals: 1. a collection tank; 2. 1# delivery pump; 3. a neutralization tank; 4. 2# delivery pump; 5. a first-stage concentrator; 6. a primary vacuum system; 7. primary condensation is carried out; 8. a receiving groove; 9. a No. 1 discharge pump; 10. a No. 1 settler; 11. 1# centrifuge; 12. a dryer; 13. a chlorine remover; 14. a No. 2 discharge pump; 15. a dehydrator; 16. a temporary storage tank; 17. 3# delivery pump; 18. a secondary concentrator; 19. a secondary vacuum system; 20. a secondary condenser; 21. a secondary receiving tank; 22. a No. 3 discharge pump; 23. 2# settler; 24. 2# centrifuge.
Detailed Description
Application example 1 fluorine-containing and chlorine-containing waste water discharged from certain fluorine chemical production
The wastewater amount is 2m3H, fluoride concentration in wastewater is 3.0X 104mg/L, chloride ion concentration 5.0X 104mg/L。
A fluorine-containing and chlorine-containing sewage treatment process comprises the following steps:
(1) a neutralization step: collecting and homogenizing fluorine-containing and chlorine-containing sewage in a collecting tank, conveying the sewage to a neutralization tank through a No. 1 conveying pump, and adding NaOH to neutralize the acidic sewage;
(2) a first-stage evaporation process: conveying the neutralized sewage obtained in the step (1) to a primary concentration system through a No. 2 conveying pump, heating a primary first concentrator by using fresh steam at 0.1-0.4 MPa, raising the temperature of materials to 100-140 ℃, and carrying out evaporation concentration under the condition of 0.1-0.3 MPa, wherein the concentration of sodium fluoride in the sewage is concentrated to 5% -10%;
the second concentrator of the primary evaporation system carries out secondary heating concentration by utilizing the heat of secondary steam of the first concentrator, and the third concentrator carries out secondary heating concentration by utilizing the heat of the secondary steam of the second concentrator; the last stage of evaporation condensed water reaches the index of reuse water after being cooled, and can be used as circulating water for supplementing water, greening and flushing toilets.
Simultaneously, the concentrated solution flows downstream from the first concentrator to the second concentrator by means of pressure difference, and the second concentrator is transferred to the third concentrator; concentrating the concentration of sodium fluoride in the sewage to 10-50%; the last concentrator of the primary evaporation system is adjusted in pressure by a vacuum system.
According to the waste water quantity and the waste water fluorine ion concentration, the primary evaporation system can be provided with a plurality of concentrators.
(3) A first-stage separation process: conveying the concentrated solution in the step (2) to a No. 1 settler through a No. 1 discharge pump; standing and settling, allowing the lower-layer salt slurry to enter a No. 1 centrifugal machine, performing centrifugal separation to obtain crystallized villiaumite, and further drying in a dryer to obtain powdery NaF; the supernatant and the centrifugal mother liquor enter a defluorination process;
(4) fluorine removing toolThe method comprises the following steps: conveying the clear liquid and the centrifugal mother liquid obtained in the step (3) to a defluorination device, and sequentially adding calcium chloride (CaCl)2) Performing defluorination treatment on the sewage by the action mechanisms of polymerization flocculation, complex precipitation, adsorption and the like on polyaluminium inorganic salt coagulant, polyacrylamide flocculant and the like, conveying the sewage to a dehydrator by a No. 2 discharge pump, wherein a filter cake is calcium fluoride, and conveying a clear liquid to a secondary evaporation process;
the amount of the added calcium chloride is 0.2-0.5 times of the mass of the fluorinion in the wastewater, and the amount of the polyaluminium inorganic salt coagulant TAC and the polyacrylamide flocculant is 50-200 mg/L and 150-600 mg/L of the wastewater.
(5) A secondary evaporation process: conveying the clear liquid obtained in the step (4) to a secondary concentration system through a 3# conveying pump, heating a secondary first concentrator by using fresh steam at 0.1-0.4 MPa, raising the temperature of the material to 100-140 ℃, and carrying out evaporation concentration under the condition of 0.1-0.3 MPa, wherein the concentration of sodium chloride in the sewage is concentrated to 10% -20%;
the second concentrator of the two-stage evaporation system carries out secondary heating concentration by utilizing the heat of secondary steam of the first concentrator, and the third concentrator carries out secondary heating concentration by utilizing the heat of the secondary steam of the second concentrator; the last stage of evaporation condensed water reaches the index of reuse water after being cooled, and can be used as circulating water for supplementing water, greening and flushing toilets.
Simultaneously, the concentrated solution flows downstream from the first concentrator to the second concentrator by means of pressure difference, and the second concentrator is transferred to the third concentrator; concentrating the concentration of sodium fluoride in the sewage to 20-60%; the last concentrator of the two-stage evaporation system is adjusted in pressure by a vacuum system.
According to the waste water quantity and the waste water chloride ion concentration, the secondary evaporation system can be provided with a plurality of concentrators.
(6) A secondary separation process: conveying the concentrated solution in the step (5) to a 2# settler through a 3# discharge pump; standing and settling, allowing the lower-layer salt slurry to enter a No. 2 centrifugal machine, performing centrifugal separation to obtain crystallized chlorine salt, wherein the main component is NaCl, the water content is less than 3%, and the centrifugal mother liquor and the supernatant of the No. 2 settler are returned to the secondary evaporation process for recycling.
The equipment adopted by the fluorine-containing and chlorine-containing sewage treatment process comprises a collecting tank 1, a # 1 delivery pump 2, a neutralization tank 3, a # 2 delivery pump 4, a primary evaporation system, a # 1 discharge pump 9, a # 1 settler 10, a # 1 centrifuge 11, a dryer 12, a chlorine remover 13, a # 2 discharge pump 14, a dehydrator 15, a temporary storage tank 16, a # 3 delivery pump 17, a secondary evaporation system, a # 3 discharge pump 22, a # 2 settler 23 and a # 2 centrifuge 24; the devices are connected in sequence, wherein the 2# settler 23 and the 2# centrifuge 24 are also communicated with the temporary storage tank 16;
the primary evaporation system comprises a plurality of primary concentrators which are sequentially connected, and the bottom of the last primary concentrator is connected with a No. 1 discharge pump 9; the primary concentrator is connected with a primary condenser 7, and the primary condenser 7 is respectively connected with a primary vacuum system 6 and a primary receiving tank 8;
the secondary evaporation system comprises a plurality of secondary concentrators which are connected in sequence, and the bottom of the last secondary concentrator is connected with a No. 3 discharge pump 22; the secondary concentrator is connected with a secondary condenser 20, and the secondary condenser 20 is respectively connected with a secondary vacuum system 19 and a secondary receiving tank 21.
After the procedures of neutralization, primary evaporation (2 concentrators), defluorination and secondary evaporation (1 concentrator), drying to obtain 95.75kg/h of NaF powder with the concentration of more than 99.8 percent, centrifuging to obtain 209.34kg/h of crystal salt containing 97 percent NaCl, and solid waste CaF228.53kg/h, the fluoride concentration in the secondary steam condensate water is 1.2mg/L, the chloride ion concentration is 21mg/L, and the secondary steam condensate water can be reused for circulating water replenishing water, greening and toilet flushing water.
Application example 2 fluorine-containing and chlorine-containing wastewater discharged from certain fluorine chemical production
Wastewater flow of 8m3H, fluoride concentration in wastewater is 1.50X 104mg/L, chloride ion concentration 3.20X 104mg/L. The process and equipment used were the same as in example 1.
After the procedures of neutralization, primary evaporation (2 concentrators), defluorination and secondary evaporation (2 concentrators), drying to obtain 277.97kg/h of 99% NaF powder, centrifuging to obtain 536.17kg/h of crystal salt containing 97% NaCl, and solid waste CaF273.20 kg/h, fluoride concentration in secondary steam condensate water is 2.4mg/L, chloride ion concentration is 30mg/L, and the secondary steam condensate water can be reused as circulating water make-up waterAnd the water for greening and flushing the toilet.
Application example 3 fluorine-containing and chlorine-containing waste water discharged from certain fluorine chemical production
The wastewater amount is 15m3H, fluoride concentration in wastewater is 4.50X 104mg/L, chloride ion concentration 6.50X 104mg/L. The process and equipment used were the same as in example 1.
After the procedures of neutralization, primary evaporation (3 concentrators), defluorination and secondary evaporation (2 concentrators), drying to obtain 1185.01kg/h of 99% NaF powder, centrifuging to obtain 1953.32kg/h of crystal salt containing 97% NaCl, and solid waste CaF2221.38kg/h, fluoride concentration in the secondary steam condensate water is 3.89mg/L, and chloride ion concentration is 45mg/L, and the secondary steam condensate water can be reused for circulating water replenishing water, greening and toilet flushing water.
Application example 1
The technical scheme of the embodiment 1 of the invention is compared with the prior art, and is specifically shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from Table 1, the invention mainly aims at the sewage containing fluorine and chlorine, fluoride and chloride are converted into valuable sodium fluoride and sodium chloride, the sodium fluoride and the sodium chloride are separated from water, the separated sodium fluoride meets the sodium fluoride standard of the nonferrous metal industry, the sodium chloride contains less impurities, solid wastes are converted into materials with useful values to a certain extent, the enterprise benefit is increased, the burden of the environment is lightened, and the reutilization of resources is realized.
Claims (9)
1. A fluorine-containing and chlorine-containing sewage treatment process is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
(1) a neutralization step: collecting and homogenizing the fluorine-containing and chlorine-containing sewage in a collecting tank, conveying the sewage to a neutralization tank through a No. 1 conveying pump, and adding alkali to neutralize the acidic sewage;
(2) a first-stage evaporation process: conveying the neutralized sewage obtained in the step (1) to a primary concentration system through a No. 2 conveying pump, heating a primary first concentrator by using fresh steam of 0.1-0.4 MPa, raising the temperature of materials to 100-140 ℃, and carrying out evaporation concentration under the condition of 0.1-0.3 MPa, wherein the concentration of sodium fluoride in the sewage is concentrated to 5-10%;
(3) a first-stage separation process: conveying the concentrated solution obtained in the step (2) to a No. 1 settler through a No. 1 discharge pump; standing and settling, allowing the lower-layer salt slurry to enter a No. 1 centrifugal machine, performing centrifugal separation to obtain crystallized villiaumite, and further drying in a dryer to obtain powdery NaF; the supernatant and the centrifugal mother liquor enter a defluorination process;
(4) a fluorine removal process: conveying the clear liquid and the centrifugal mother liquid obtained in the step (3) to a defluorinating device, sequentially adding calcium chloride, a coagulant and a flocculating agent for adsorption, ion exchange and complex sedimentation, performing defluorination treatment on the sewage, conveying the sewage to a dehydrator through a No. 2 discharge pump, wherein a filter cake is calcium fluoride, and conveying the clear liquid to a secondary evaporation process;
(5) a secondary evaporation process: conveying the clear liquid obtained in the step (4) to a secondary concentration system through a 3# conveying pump, heating a secondary first concentrator by using fresh steam of 0.1-0.4 MPa, raising the temperature of the material to 100-140 ℃, and carrying out evaporation concentration under the condition of 0.1-0.3 MPa, wherein the concentration of sodium chloride in the sewage is concentrated to 10% -20%;
(6) a secondary separation process: conveying the concentrated solution obtained in the step (5) to a 2# settler through a 3# discharge pump; standing and settling, allowing the lower layer salt slurry to enter a No. 2 centrifugal machine, and performing centrifugal separation to obtain crystallized chlorine salt and centrifugal mother liquor; the main component of the crystallized chlorine salt is NaCl, and the water content is less than 3 percent; and (4) returning the centrifugal mother liquor and the supernatant of the 2# settler to the secondary evaporation process of the step (5) for recycling.
2. The fluorine-and chlorine-containing wastewater treatment process according to claim 1, wherein: the amount of the calcium chloride added in the step (4) is 0.2-0.5 times of the mass of the fluorinion in the wastewater, and the amounts of the coagulant and the flocculant are 50-200 mg/L and 150-600 mg/L respectively based on the wastewater.
3. The fluorine-and chlorine-containing wastewater treatment process according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), the second concentrator of the primary evaporation system carries out secondary heating concentration by using the heat of the secondary steam of the first concentrator, and the third concentrator carries out secondary heating concentration by using the heat of the secondary steam of the second concentrator; the evaporated condensed water of the last stage is cooled to reach the index of reuse water and is used as circulating water for replenishing water, greening or flushing toilets.
4. The fluorine-and chlorine-containing wastewater treatment process according to claim 1, wherein: enabling the concentrated solution obtained in the step (2) to flow from the first concentrator to the second concentrator in a concurrent mode by means of pressure difference, and enabling the second concentrator to be transferred to the third concentrator; concentrating the concentration of sodium fluoride in the sewage to 10-50%; the last concentrator of the primary evaporation system is adjusted in pressure by a vacuum system.
5. The fluorine-and chlorine-containing wastewater treatment process according to claim 1, wherein: and (3) in the step (2), a plurality of concentrators are arranged on the primary evaporation system according to the amount of the wastewater and the concentration of the fluorine ions in the wastewater.
6. The fluorine-and chlorine-containing wastewater treatment process according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (5), the second concentrator of the secondary evaporation system carries out secondary heating concentration by using the heat of the secondary steam of the first concentrator, and the third concentrator carries out secondary heating concentration by using the heat of the secondary steam of the second concentrator; the evaporated condensed water of the last stage is cooled to reach the index of reuse water and is used as circulating water for replenishing water, greening or flushing toilets.
7. The fluorine-and chlorine-containing wastewater treatment process according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (5), the concentrated solution flows downstream from the first concentrator to the second concentrator by means of pressure difference, and the second concentrator is transferred to the third concentrator; concentrating the concentration of sodium fluoride in the sewage to 20-60%; the last concentrator of the two-stage evaporation system is adjusted in pressure by a vacuum system.
8. The fluorine-and chlorine-containing wastewater treatment process according to claim 1, wherein: and (5) according to the amount of the wastewater and the concentration of the chloride ions in the wastewater, arranging a plurality of concentrators for the secondary evaporation system.
9. The apparatus for treating fluorine-and chlorine-containing sewage according to any of claims 1 to 8, wherein: the device comprises a collecting tank (1), a # 1 delivery pump (2), a neutralization tank (3), a # 2 delivery pump (4), a primary evaporation system, a # 1 discharge pump (9), a # 1 settler (10), a # 1 centrifuge (11), a dryer (12), a chlorine remover (13), a # 2 discharge pump (14), a dehydrator (15), a temporary storage tank (16), a # 3 delivery pump (17), a secondary evaporation system, a # 3 discharge pump (22), a # 2 settler (23) and a # 2 centrifuge (24); the devices are connected in sequence, wherein the 2# settler (23) and the 2# centrifuge (24) are also communicated with the temporary storage tank (16);
the primary evaporation system comprises a plurality of primary concentrators which are sequentially connected, and the bottom of the last primary concentrator is connected with a No. 1 discharge pump (9); the primary concentrator is connected with a primary condenser (7), and the primary condenser (7) is respectively connected with a primary vacuum system (6) and a primary receiving tank (8);
the secondary evaporation system comprises a plurality of secondary concentrators which are connected in sequence, and the bottom of the last secondary concentrator is connected with a No. 3 discharge pump (22); the secondary concentrator is connected with a secondary condenser (20), and the secondary condenser (20) is respectively connected with a secondary vacuum system (19) and a secondary receiving groove (21).
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