CN110535151A - A method of promoting the end Power Network Transient Stability of the wind-powered electricity generation containing high proportion - Google Patents
A method of promoting the end Power Network Transient Stability of the wind-powered electricity generation containing high proportion Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种提升含高比例风电末端电网暂态稳定性的方法，步骤如下：1、确定系统的网架结构；2、根据系统中的历史数据，设置系统中的故障，并在规定的时间内切除；储能位置确定，选择故障点周围相角差最大的支路集安装储能装置，利用储能对能量的快速吸收释放的能力可以对系统的暂态稳定带来最大程度的支撑；出现频率最大的位置即为系统故障点；4、储能控制策略，储能控制信号为使其可以快速的吸收或释放薄弱支路中的暂态能量，维持系统的稳定。本发明可以在系统网架结构确定的情况下，通过暂态能量法确定储能的接入位置，更有针对性的对系统中的薄弱支路进行保护，进而对系统的暂态稳定性起到支撑作用，可以高效率的利用储能装置。
A method for improving the transient stability of a power grid with a high proportion of wind power terminals. The steps are as follows: 1. Determine the grid structure of the system; 2. Set the faults in the system according to the historical data in the system, and remove them within a specified time. ; Determine the location of the energy storage, select the branch with the largest phase angle difference around the fault point to install the energy storage device, and use the ability of the energy storage to quickly absorb and release energy to bring maximum support to the transient stability of the system; frequency of occurrence The largest position is the system fault point; 4. Energy storage control strategy, the energy storage control signal is It can quickly absorb or release the transient energy in the weak branch to maintain the stability of the system. The invention can determine the access position of the energy storage through the transient energy method under the condition that the system grid structure is determined, and can protect the weak branches in the system more pertinently, thereby improving the transient stability of the system. To the supporting role, the energy storage device can be used efficiently.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及风力发电领域，具体涉及一种提升含高比例风电的末端电网暂态稳定性的方法。The invention relates to the field of wind power generation, in particular to a method for improving the transient stability of a terminal power grid containing a high proportion of wind power.
背景技术Background technique
随着风力发电的大幅度发展，高比例风电接入电网在某些地区已经成为既定的现实。伴随着高比例风电接入电网，系统的惯性变差，对系统的暂态稳定性带来一定的挑战，尤其是在末端电网中，末端电网网架结构大，负荷密度小，与其它区域功率传输闭塞，这导致在末端电网中，高比例的风电接入会对系统的暂态稳定带来严峻的挑战。With the rapid development of wind power generation, a high proportion of wind power connected to the grid has become an established reality in some regions. With a high proportion of wind power connected to the power grid, the inertia of the system becomes worse, which brings certain challenges to the transient stability of the system, especially in the terminal grid, where the grid structure of the terminal grid is large, the load density is small, and the power in other areas is different. Transmission blocking, which leads to a high proportion of wind power access in the terminal grid will bring severe challenges to the transient stability of the system.
目前主要通过以下两类方法来提升高比例风电电网的暂态稳定性：第一，利用虚拟转动惯量技术使风机可以对系统的暂态稳定起到支撑作用，但在高比例风电系统中，需要投入大量的储能，每台机组配置储能实施难度较大；第二，构建虚拟电厂，虚拟电厂可以联合系统中的各发电、用电单元，起到一个集成的作用，但是在末端电网中，网架结构大，负荷分布不均匀，虚拟电厂技术暂时还不够完善，需要大量的信号检测系统，使用受到限制。At present, the transient stability of high-proportion wind power grids is mainly improved through the following two methods: First, the use of virtual moment of inertia technology enables wind turbines to play a supporting role in the transient stability of the system, but in high-proportion wind power systems, it is necessary to A large amount of energy storage is invested, and it is difficult to configure energy storage for each unit; secondly, to build a virtual power plant, a virtual power plant can combine various power generation and power consumption units in the system to play an integrated role, but in the end power grid , the grid structure is large, the load distribution is uneven, the virtual power plant technology is not perfect for the time being, and a large number of signal detection systems are required, which is limited in use.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
为了解决现有技术的不足，本发明提出了一种提升含高比例风电的末端电网暂态稳定性的方法。本发明确定系统中的薄弱支路集，用改进的储能控制策略可以实时调整薄弱支路上的暂态能量，对系统的暂态稳定起到最优的支撑作用，从而提升含高比例风电的末端电网暂态稳定性。In order to solve the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention proposes a method for improving the transient stability of a terminal power grid containing a high proportion of wind power. The invention determines the weak branch set in the system, and the improved energy storage control strategy can adjust the transient energy on the weak branch in real time, which plays an optimal supporting role for the transient stability of the system, thereby improving the wind power with a high proportion of wind power. Terminal grid transient stability.
本发明的技术解决方案是：一种提升含高比例风电末端电网暂态稳定性的方法，步骤如下：The technical solution of the present invention is: a method for improving the transient stability of the terminal grid with a high proportion of wind power, the steps are as follows:
1、确定系统的网架结构，所述网架结构包括网架内的线路参数、风电装机容量、火电厂装机容量和变电站容量；1. Determine the grid structure of the system, which includes the line parameters in the grid, the installed capacity of wind power, the installed capacity of thermal power plants and the capacity of substations;
2、根据系统中的历史数据，设置系统中的故障，并在规定的时间内切除；2. According to the historical data in the system, set the fault in the system and remove it within the specified time;
3、储能位置确定3. Determine the energy storage location
当系统在发生大扰动而网架结构不发生改变的前提下，若连接支路k两端节点i，j的电压相角记为δ1、δ2，则支路k的两端相角差可表示为σk＝δi-δj，为第k条支路在故障平衡后的相角差；Under the premise that the system is subject to large disturbance and the grid structure does not change, if the voltage phase angles connecting nodes i and j at both ends of branch k are recorded as δ 1 , δ 2 , then the phase angle difference between the two ends of branch k is can be expressed as σ k =δ i -δ j , is the phase angle difference of the kth branch after the fault is balanced;
对于网络中的任意支路k，其势能表示为：For any branch k in the network, its potential energy is expressed as:
Pk为第k条支路有功潮流，为第k条支路在相对于故障后平衡状态下的有功潮流；P k is the active power flow of the kth branch, is the active power flow of the kth branch relative to the post-fault equilibrium state;
如果将支路k在故障切除时的相角差记为则故障切除时刻该支路的势能表示为：If the phase angle difference of branch k when the fault is removed is recorded as Then the potential energy of the branch at the moment of fault clearing Expressed as:
输电线路中的σk的值为：The value of σ k in the transmission line is:
式中，P为该支路的有功传输功率，X为该支路的电抗，P为该支路的无功传输功率，R为该支路的等效电阻，而在含高比例风电的末端电网中，电压等级高，负荷距离远，输电线路长，导致线路中的R＜＜X，可以将R忽略不计，因此σk简化公式为：In the formula, P is the active transmission power of the branch, X is the reactance of the branch, P is the reactive transmission power of the branch, R is the equivalent resistance of the branch, and at the end with a high proportion of wind power In the power grid, the voltage level is high, the load distance is long, and the transmission line is long, resulting in R<<X in the line, and R can be ignored. Therefore, the simplified formula of σ k is:
由上式可知，σk与该支路上的传输功率、电抗值的大小成正比；其中线路电抗值在不考虑温度，天气条件下，与输线路的长度成比例关系；It can be seen from the above formula that σ k is proportional to the transmission power and reactance value of the branch; the line reactance value is proportional to the length of the transmission line regardless of temperature and weather conditions;
由此推出，VPEK与第k条支路上的传输功率，传输距离成正比关系；即系统中一点发生故障时，其周围传输功率大、传输距离长的支路会分得最多的暂态势能，将此类输电线路定义为该故障下系统的薄弱支路集；随着暂态稳定性的逐步恶化，暂态能量将越来越多地集中于系统的薄弱支路集上，该支路集暂态能量的变化幅度过分增大，即网络中局部能量的不平衡，最终将导致系统在该支路上被突破，系统失去稳定性；From this, it can be deduced that V PEK is proportional to the transmission power on the kth branch and the transmission distance; that is, when a fault occurs at one point in the system, the surrounding branches with large transmission power and long transmission distance will share the most transient energy. , define this type of transmission line as the weak branch set of the system under the fault; with the gradual deterioration of transient stability, the transient energy will be more and more concentrated on the weak branch set of the system, the branch The variation range of the transient energy is excessively increased, that is, the imbalance of local energy in the network will eventually cause the system to be broken through on this branch and the system will lose its stability;
因此，选择故障点周围相角差最大的支路集安装储能装置，利用储能对能量的快速吸收释放的能力可以对系统的暂态稳定带来最大程度的支撑；Therefore, select the branch with the largest phase angle difference around the fault point to install the energy storage device, and the ability of the energy storage to quickly absorb and release energy can bring maximum support to the transient stability of the system;
系统故障点的选择可以通过系统运行的历史数据中采样来确定，所述历史数据为故障点出现频率，出现频率最大的位置即为系统故障点；The selection of the system failure point can be determined by sampling the historical data of the system operation, the historical data is the occurrence frequency of the failure point, and the position with the largest occurrence frequency is the system failure point;
4、储能控制策略4. Energy storage control strategy
将式2)中第k条支路势能转化为对时间的导数为：Converting the potential energy of the kth branch in Equation 2) into the time derivative is:
其中，ωk(t)为支路相角差σk(t)的时间导数；Among them, ω k (t) is the time derivative of the branch phase angle difference σ k (t);
选择薄弱支路集角频率差的时间导线ωk(t)作为储能装置的控制信号，当ωk(t)逐渐增大时控制储能吸收系统中的暂态能量，反之释放能量；Select the time wire ω k (t) of the weak branch set angle frequency difference as the control signal of the energy storage device, when the ω k (t) gradually increases, it controls the energy storage and absorbs the transient energy in the system, otherwise it releases the energy;
系统网络中任意支路k的暂态势能表示为：The temporary state energy of any branch k in the system network can be expressed as:
式中：ωk(t)为支路k两端节点的角频率差；tk为积分时间上限；为故障切除时刻；Pk(t)、表示潮流随时间变化的函数；In the formula: ω k (t) is the angular frequency difference of the nodes at both ends of the branch k; t k is the upper limit of the integration time; is the fault clearing time; P k (t), represents the function of the power flow over time;
则薄弱支路集的暂态势能为：Then the temporary state energy of the weak branch set is:
式中：N为第i个薄弱支路集的支路数。由于利用储能同时调节薄弱支路集中各支路，因此同调区内母线变化一致，故同一割集内各支路两端电压Vi、Vj以及相角差σk变化一致。因此集合i的势能可以用支路k的支路势能表示为：In the formula: N is the number of branches in the ith weak branch set. Because the energy storage is used to adjust the weak branch sets at the same time, the changes of the busbars in the coherence area are the same, so the voltages Vi, Vj and the phase angle difference σ k at both ends of each branch in the same cut set change the same. Therefore, the potential energy of set i can be expressed by the branch potential energy of branch k as:
假设系统故障后临界支路有功潮流偏差为定义薄弱支路集角频率差系数为：It is assumed that the active power flow deviation of the critical branch after the system failure is The set angle frequency difference coefficient of the weak branch is defined as:
储能控制信号为The energy storage control signal is
本发明的有益效果是：本发明可以在系统网架结构确定的情况下，通过暂态能量法确定储能的接入位置，并改进了储能的控制策略，更有针对性的对系统中的薄弱支路进行保护，进而对系统的暂态稳定性起到支撑作用，不同于在系统中建设储能电站或每台风机配置储能容易造成储能装置浪费的现象，本发明可以高效率的利用储能装置。The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the invention can determine the access position of the energy storage by means of the transient energy method under the condition that the system grid structure is determined, and improves the control strategy of the energy storage, so that the system can be more targeted. It can protect the weak branch of the system, thereby supporting the transient stability of the system. Different from the phenomenon of building an energy storage power station in the system or configuring energy storage for each fan, which is easy to cause waste of energy storage devices, the present invention can achieve high efficiency. use of energy storage devices.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明实施例中高比例风电接入下的末端电网的网架结构图；Fig. 1 is the grid structure diagram of the terminal power grid under the high-proportion wind power connection in the embodiment of the present invention;
图2是本发明未加储能控制策略的系统功角变化示意图；Fig. 2 is the system power angle variation schematic diagram of the present invention without adding energy storage control strategy;
图3是是部分支路势能变化情况示意图；Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the variation of potential energy of some branches;
图4是部分支路相角差变化情况示意图。FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the variation of the phase angle difference of some branches.
图5是本发明加储能控制策略的系统功角变化示意图；5 is a schematic diagram of the system power angle variation of the energy storage control strategy of the present invention;
图6是本发明的流程图。Figure 6 is a flow chart of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
如图6所示，本发明的具体步骤如下：As shown in Figure 6, the concrete steps of the present invention are as follows:
1、选择高比例风电接入下的末端电网，确定220kv网架结构，如图1所示，其中火电机组共1700MW，风电机组共1633.5MW，风电占比为49％、变电站容量36MW，对外联络线7条，负荷分布不均匀，符合含高比例风电末端电网特点。1. Select the terminal power grid with a high proportion of wind power access, and determine the 220kv grid structure, as shown in Figure 1, in which the thermal power unit is 1700MW, the wind power unit is 1633.5MW, the wind power accounts for 49%, and the substation capacity is 36MW. External contact There are 7 lines, and the load distribution is uneven, which is in line with the characteristics of the terminal grid with a high proportion of wind power.
2、根据系统中的历史数据，设置系统中的故障，并在规定时间进行切除，本实例根据实际220kv系统中发生的故障来设置仿真中的故障点和故障类型，本申请选取220kv系统中比较常见和危害性较大的三相短路来进行分析。切除时间按照220kv系统中安全运行规定的继电保护动作时间来确定，本申请选择0.12s切除故障。得到仿真结果如图2。2. According to the historical data in the system, set the faults in the system and remove them at the specified time. In this example, the fault points and fault types in the simulation are set according to the faults that occurred in the actual 220kv system. This application selects the 220kv system for comparison. Common and dangerous three-phase short circuits are analyzed. The cut-off time is determined according to the relay protection action time specified in the safe operation of the 220kv system. In this application, 0.12s is selected to cut off the fault. The simulation results are shown in Figure 2.
因为系统中大量的风电接入，以及末端系统负荷分散，与其他区域功率传输的闭塞的特点，可以分析得知，系统暂态失稳的原因是当系统发生大扰动时，风电和联络线都无法对系统起到支撑作用，仅凭借系统中的火电厂无法快速吸收大扰动带来的暂态势能。储能作为一种可以快速吸收释放能量的柔性装置，可以很好的调节扰动带来的暂态势能。本申请首先根据含高比例风电末端电网的特点确定了储能的接入位置，进而改进了储能的控制策略，使其能对系统的暂态稳定起到更好地支撑作用。Because of the large number of wind power connections in the system, the load dispersion of the terminal system, and the blockage of power transmission in other areas, it can be analyzed that the reason for the transient instability of the system is that when a large disturbance occurs in the system, both the wind power and the tie line are damaged. It cannot support the system, and the thermal power plant in the system cannot quickly absorb the temporary energy caused by large disturbances. As a flexible device that can quickly absorb and release energy, energy storage can well adjust the temporary potential energy caused by disturbance. The application first determines the access position of the energy storage according to the characteristics of the terminal grid with a high proportion of wind power, and then improves the control strategy of the energy storage, so that it can better support the transient stability of the system.
3、确定系统的薄弱支路，在薄弱支路上安装储能装置(储能位置确定)3. Determine the weak branch of the system, and install the energy storage device on the weak branch (the location of the energy storage is determined)
当系统在发生大扰动而网架结构不发生改变的前提下，若连接支路k两端节点i，j的电压相角记为δ1、δ2，则支路k的两端相角差可表示为σk＝δi-δj，为第k条支路在故障平衡后的相角差，Pk为第k条支路有功潮流，为第k条支路在相对于故障后平衡状态下的有功潮流。Under the premise that the system is subject to large disturbance and the grid structure does not change, if the voltage phase angles connecting nodes i and j at both ends of branch k are recorded as δ 1 , δ 2 , then the phase angle difference between the two ends of branch k is can be expressed as σ k =δ i -δ j , is the phase angle difference of the kth branch after the fault is balanced, P k is the active power flow of the kth branch, is the active power flow of the kth branch relative to the post-fault equilibrium state.
对于网络中的任意支路k，其势能表示为：For any branch k in the network, its potential energy is expressed as:
如果将支路k在故障切除时的相角差记为则故障切除时刻该支路的势能为，表示为：If the phase angle difference of branch k when the fault is removed is recorded as Then the potential energy of the branch at the moment of fault clearing is, expressed as:
部分支路势能变化情况，如图3所示。输电线路中的支路k的两端相角差σk为：The variation of potential energy of some branches is shown in Figure 3. The phase angle difference σ k between the two ends of the branch k in the transmission line is:
式中，P为该支路的有功传输功率，Q为该支路的无功传输功率；X为该支路的电抗，R为该支路的等效电阻，而在含高比例风电的末端电网中，电压等级高，负荷距离远，输电线路长，导致线路中的R＜＜X，可以将R忽略不计，因此σk简化公式为：In the formula, P is the active transmission power of the branch, Q is the reactive transmission power of the branch; X is the reactance of the branch, R is the equivalent resistance of the branch, and at the end with a high proportion of wind power In the power grid, the voltage level is high, the load distance is long, and the transmission line is long, resulting in R<<X in the line, and R can be ignored. Therefore, the simplified formula of σ k is:
由上式可知，σk与该支路上的传输功率、电抗值的大小成正比。其中线路电抗值在不考虑温度，天气等条件下，与输线路的长度成比例关系；部分支路相角差变化情况如图4所示。It can be known from the above formula that σ k is proportional to the transmission power and reactance value on the branch. Among them, the line reactance value is proportional to the length of the transmission line without considering the temperature, weather and other conditions; the change of the phase angle difference of some branches is shown in Figure 4.
由此推出，VPEK与第k条支路上的传输功率，传输距离成正比关系。即系统中一点发生故障时，其周围传输功率大、传输距离长的支路会分得最多的暂态势能，将此类输电线路定义为该故障下系统的薄弱支路集；随着暂态稳定性的逐步恶化，暂态能量将越来越多地集中于系统的薄弱支路集上，该支路集暂态能量的变化幅度过分增大，即网络中局部能量的不平衡，最终将导致系统在该支路上被突破，系统失去稳定性；It can be deduced from this that V PEK is proportional to the transmission power on the kth branch and the transmission distance. That is, when a fault occurs at a point in the system, the surrounding branches with large transmission power and long transmission distance will share the most transient energy, and such transmission lines are defined as the weak branch set of the system under the fault; The gradual deterioration of the stability, the transient energy will be more and more concentrated on the weak branch set of the system, and the change range of the transient energy of the branch set is excessively increased, that is, the local energy imbalance in the network will eventually Cause the system to be broken through on this branch, and the system loses its stability;
因此，选择故障点周围σk最大的支路集加入储能装置，利用储能装置对能量的快速吸收释放的能力可以对系统的暂态稳定带来最大程度的支撑。系统故障点的选择可以通过系统运行的历史数据中采样来确定；Therefore, the branch set with the largest σ k around the fault point is selected to be added to the energy storage device, and the ability of the energy storage device to rapidly absorb and release energy can bring maximum support to the transient stability of the system. The selection of system failure points can be determined by sampling the historical data of system operation;
4、确定储能控制策略，使其可以快速的吸收或释放薄弱支路中的暂态能量，维持系统的稳定4. Determine the energy storage control strategy so that it can quickly absorb or release the transient energy in the weak branch and maintain the stability of the system
将式(2)中第k条支路势能转化为对时间的导数为：Converting the potential energy of the kth branch in equation (2) into the time derivative is:
其中，ωk(t)为支路相角差σk(t)的时间导数。where ω k (t) is the time derivative of the branch phase angle difference σ k (t).
若利用储能对支路暂态势能进行控制，需要对储能控制信号进行选取。而支路暂态势能是支路运行参数的积分函数，无法直接作为储能的控制信号。由上诉分析可知，控制薄弱支路的相角差即可控制支路暂态势能，而薄弱支路相角差σk(t)是薄弱支路集角频率差ωk(t)的积分函数。因此，选择薄弱支路集角频率差ωk(t)作为储能的控制信号，当ωk(t)逐渐增大时控制储能吸收系统中的暂态能量，反之释放能量；If the energy storage is used to control the temporary energy of the branch, it is necessary to select the energy storage control signal. The temporary energy of the branch is the integral function of the operating parameters of the branch, and cannot be directly used as the control signal of the energy storage. From the analysis of the appeal, it can be seen that the temporary state energy of the branch can be controlled by controlling the phase angle difference of the weak branch, and the phase angle difference σ k (t) of the weak branch is the integral function of the set angular frequency difference ω k (t) of the weak branch. . Therefore, the set angular frequency difference ω k (t) of the weak branch is selected as the control signal of the energy storage, when the ω k (t) gradually increases, it controls the transient energy in the energy storage absorption system, and vice versa.
系统网络中任意支路k的暂态势能表示为：The temporary state energy of any branch k in the system network can be expressed as:
式中：ωk(t)为支路k两端节点的角频率差；tk为积分时间上限；为故障切除时刻；In the formula: ω k (t) is the angular frequency difference of the nodes at both ends of the branch k; t k is the upper limit of the integration time; is the fault clearing time;
则薄弱支路集的暂态势能为：Then the temporary state energy of the weak branch set is:
式中：N为第i个薄弱支路集的支路数。由于利用储能同时调节薄弱支路集中各支路，因此同调区内母线变化一致，故同一割集内各支路两端电压Vi、Vj以及相角差σk变化一致。因此集合i的势能可以用支路k的支路势能表示为：In the formula: N is the number of branches in the ith weak branch set. Because the energy storage is used to adjust the weak branch sets at the same time, the changes of the busbars in the coherence area are the same, so the voltages Vi, Vj and the phase angle difference σ k at both ends of each branch in the same cut set change the same. Therefore, the potential energy of set i can be expressed by the branch potential energy of branch k as:
假设系统故障后临界支路有功潮流偏差为定义薄弱支路集角频率差系数为：It is assumed that the active power flow deviation of the critical branch after the system failure is The set angle frequency difference coefficient of the weak branch is defined as:
储能控制信号为The energy storage control signal is
仿真结果如图5所示。The simulation results are shown in Figure 5.
由此可见，依照本申请所提方法可以有效的提升含高比例风电的末端电网暂态稳定性。It can be seen that, according to the method proposed in the present application, the transient stability of the terminal grid with a high proportion of wind power can be effectively improved.
以上仅为本发明的具体实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above are only specific embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
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