CN110533574B - Manufacturing method of visible and invisible grating based on image pixel relation - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of visible and invisible grating based on image pixel relation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for manufacturing a visible and invisible grating based on an image pixel relation, which is used for manufacturing hidden characters or images by utilizing the existing halftone hiding method; establishing mathematical relations of the number of the screen lines, the output resolution, the screening angle, the image size, the width of the black stripes of the visible and hidden gratings and the distance between the black stripes on the pixel scale according to a matching formula of the area ratio of the screen points of the printing carrier image and the area ratio of the screen points of the visible and hidden gratings; drawing black and white stripe images in MATLAB according to the established mathematical relation; carrying out transparent treatment on the white stripes of the drawn black-and-white stripe image to manufacture a visible and invisible grating; according to the invention, based on a matching formula of the hidden image dot area ratio and the invisible grating, the mathematical relation between each parameter of the printing carrier image and the black stripe of the invisible grating on the pixel scale is obtained, a better invisible effect is realized, the problem that the mathematical relation in the pixel scale cannot be accurately expressed in the existing matching method is solved, and the calculation method is simple.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hidden anti-counterfeiting of printed images, and relates to a manufacturing method of a visible and hidden grating based on an image pixel relation.
Background
Along with the development of social economy, the physical living standard of people is greatly improved. Some pirates have begun to earn illegal benefits by imitating various prints. Although the appearance of new technologies such as paper anti-counterfeiting, ink anti-counterfeiting, three-dimensional fingerprint anti-counterfeiting and the like improves the anti-counterfeiting performance of commodities, the production and manufacturing costs are increased. The halftone information hiding technology based on the digital image can well solve the cost problem of the existing anti-counterfeiting technology, can effectively improve the anti-counterfeiting performance of printed matters under the condition of not changing the production and processing technology and not increasing the cost, and is a new technology with wide prospects which is developed and popularized in recent years.
The halftone information hiding and revealing grating is manufactured in MATLAB according to the output resolution of a hidden image, the number of screening lines and the pixel relation between image sizes. Compared with the traditional method for completing the invisible grating manufacturing by utilizing Photoshop, the method has the advantages of smaller calculated amount and better invisible effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for manufacturing a visible and invisible grating based on an image pixel relation, which solves the problem of complex parameter matching calculation of the visible and invisible grating.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a manufacturing method of a visible and invisible grating based on an image pixel relation comprises the following steps:
step 1, manufacturing a halftone hidden image;
step 2, establishing the number of the screened lines, the screening angle and the output resolution as well as the mathematical relationship between the size of the carrier image and the distances between the black stripes of the visible and invisible gratings and the pixel scale according to the matching relationship between the area rate of the halftone hidden image and the area rate of the visible and invisible grating in the step 1;
step 3, making a black-and-white stripe pattern in MATLAB according to the matching relation established in the step 2;
step 4, performing transparentization treatment on the black-and-white stripe image manufactured in the step 3, converting the white stripes into transparent stripes, storing the transparent stripes in a png format, and finishing the manufacturing of the visible and invisible grating;
and 5, placing the visible and invisible grating manufactured in the step 4 on the halftone hidden image manufactured in the step 1 in the photoshop, and verifying the visible and invisible effect.
Further, the specific steps of manufacturing the halftone hidden image in the step 1 are as follows:
newly building a carrier image with the size of (1-15) cm x (1-15) cm, the number of the screened lines of 150-200lpi and the screening angle of 0-90 degrees in photoshop software, outputting the carrier image with the resolution of 600-2100dpi, and embedding hidden information into the carrier image by utilizing the existing halftone image hiding method to obtain the halftone hidden image.
Further, the matching relation between the dot area ratio of the halftone hidden image and the dot area ratio of the visible and hidden raster in the step 2Is composed of
Wherein d is the side length of the halftone unit, A is the dot area rate of the hidden image, and B is the dot area rate of the visible and hidden grating;
establishing the number of the screened lines, the screening angle and the output resolution as well as the mathematical relationship of the size of the carrier image and the distances between the black stripes of the visible and invisible gratings and the black stripes on the pixel scale according to the matching relationship between the area ratio of the halftone hidden image and the area ratio of the visible and invisible gratings, and specifically comprising the following steps:
(1) Calculating the area rate of the mesh points of the visible and invisible grating according to a matching formula of the hidden image and the visible and invisible grating, and calculating the total pixel number of the visible and invisible grating in the length direction and the width direction;
(2) Calculating the side length of the halftone cell;
(3) And calculating the width of the black stripe of the visible and hidden grating and the distance between the adjacent black stripes.
Further, the halftone cell side length is determined by the following formula:
wherein d is the cell side length of the halftone.
Further, the total number of pixels in the length direction and the width direction of the visible and invisible grating is determined by the following formula:
where P1 and P2 represent the total number of pixels in the length and width directions, respectively, a is the length of the print carrier image and b is the width of the print carrier image.
Further, the width of the black stripe of the visible and invisible grating and the distance between adjacent black stripes are determined by the following formula:
l＝d×B
m＝d×(1-B)
wherein l is the width of the black stripe of the visible and invisible grating, m is the distance between adjacent black stripes, d is the side length of the halftone unit, and B is the dot area ratio of the visible and invisible grating.
Further, the specific process of step 3 is as follows: the method comprises the steps of newly building a script invention in MATLAB, building a canvas with the size equal to the total pixel number in the length direction and the width direction of a visible and invisible grating, building a black matrix with the dimension equal to the total pixel number in the length direction and the width direction, calculating the total number of black and white stripes, calculating the starting position and the ending position of the white stripes, and filling the white stripes.
Further, the total number of black and white stripes is calculated by the following formula:
wherein N is the total number of black and white stripes, [ ] represents rounding operation, P1 is the total number of pixels in the length direction of the visible and invisible grating, l is the width of the black stripe, and m is the distance between adjacent black stripes.
Further, the start and end positions of the white streak are calculated by the following formula:
C＝(l+m)×i+l
D＝(l+m)×(i+l)
wherein C is the initial position of the white stripe, D is the ending position of the white stripe, l is the width of the black stripe, m is the distance between adjacent black stripes, i represents the value range of the ith black stripe as [0, N ], wherein N is the total number of the black and white stripes.
Further, the specific manner of step 4 is as follows: and finding a proper threshold value of the picture by using a maximum inter-class variance method, converting the black and white stripe image into a binary image, setting the white part to be transparent, and storing the white part in a png format.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention relates to a manufacturing method of a visible and invisible grating based on an image pixel relation, which obtains the mathematical relation between each parameter of a printing carrier image and the black stripe of the visible and invisible grating on the pixel scale based on the matching formula of the hidden image dot area rate and the visible and invisible grating, realizes a better visible and invisible effect, solves the problem that the mathematical relation in the pixel scale cannot be accurately expressed in the existing matching method, and has small calculated amount and simple calculation method.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a halftone hidden image with a "butterfly" image hidden;
FIG. 2 is a black and white striped image drawn by MATLAB;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a transparent and invisible grating;
FIG. 4 is a hidden effect diagram of FIG. 3 after being placed on FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a partial enlarged view of FIG. 4;
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
The invention relates to a manufacturing method of a visible and invisible grating based on an image pixel relation, which is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, manufacturing a halftone hidden image:
newly building an image with the size of (1-15) cm x (1-15) cm, the number of the screened lines is 150-200lpi, the screening angle is 0-90 degrees, the output resolution is 600-2100dpi, and embedding the information to be hidden into the carrier image by utilizing the existing halftone image hiding method;
step 2, according to the matching relation between the area rate of the dots of the image or the character hidden in the step 2 and the area rate of the dots of the visible and hidden grating, the area rate of the dots of the image or the character is
Wherein d is the side length of the halftone unit, A is the dot area rate of the hidden image, and B is the dot area rate of the visible and hidden grating;
establishing mathematical relations of the number of the screening lines, the screening angle, the output resolution, the size of the carrier image, the black stripes of the visible and invisible grating and the distance between the adjacent black stripes on the pixel scale;
calculating the dot area rate of the visible and invisible grating according to a matching formula of the invisible image and the visible and invisible grating, calculating the total pixel number in the length direction and the width direction, calculating the side length of the halftone unit, and calculating the width of the black stripe of the visible and invisible grating and the distance between the adjacent black stripes.
The total number of pixels in the length direction and the width direction is determined by the following formula:
wherein P is 1 ，P 2 The total number of pixels in the length and width directions is represented, respectively, a being the length of the print carrier image and b being the width of the print carrier image.
The length of the mesh adjusting unit side is determined by the following formula:
wherein d is the cell side length of the halftone.
The width of the black stripe of the visible and invisible grating and the distance between the adjacent black stripes are determined by the following formula:
l＝d×B
m＝d×(1-B)
wherein l is the width of the black stripe of the visible and invisible grating, m is the distance between adjacent black stripes, d is the side length of the halftone unit, and B is the dot area ratio of the visible and invisible grating.
Step 3, making black and white stripe patterns in MATLAB according to the matching relation established in the step 2
A script invention was created in MATLAB, creating a canvas of size (230-12400) pixels x (230-12400) pixels and creating a black matrix on the canvas of dimension (230-12400) x (230-12400), counting the total number of black and white stripes, counting the starting and ending positions of the white stripes and filling in the white stripes.
The canvas is created by the following formula:
inputting Size =230-12400 in the script invention;
the black matrix is established by the following formula:
in a digital image, black pixels and white pixels are represented by 0 and 1, respectively, so zeros (X) in MATLAB are used 1 ,X 2 ) Function establishment of an X 1 ⅹX 2 Comprises a matrix with all 0 elements, and comprises the specific steps of inputting A = zeros (X) in the script invention 1 ,X 2 )；
Wherein X 1 、X 2 All values are [230,12400 ]]
The total number of black and white stripes is determined by the following equation:
wherein N is the total number of black and white stripes]Represents a rounding operation, P 1 L is the width of the black stripe, and m is the distance between adjacent black stripes.
The starting and ending positions of the white stripes are determined by the following formula:
C＝(l+m)×i+l
D＝(l+m)×(i+l)
wherein C is the initial position of the white stripe, D is the ending position of the white stripe, l is the width of the black stripe, m is the distance between adjacent black stripes, i is the value range of the ith black stripe [0, N ], and N is the total number of the black and white stripes.
And 4, performing transparentization treatment on the black-and-white stripe image manufactured in the step 3.
And finding a proper threshold value by using a maximum inter-class variance method, converting the image type of the black-and-white stripe image into a binary image, setting the white part to be transparent, and storing the white part in a png format.
The maximum inter-class variance method is an adaptive threshold determination method. The threshold value determined by the method is in the range of 0,1, and the threshold value can be used for converting a gray-scale image into a binary image better than an artificially set threshold value. The use of the maximum between class variance method is determined by the following formula:
entering level = graythresh (I) in the script invention;
the image type of the black-and-white stripe image is converted into a binary image, and the binary image is determined by the following formula:
inputting bw2= impularize (I, level) in the script invention;
setting the white portion to transparent is determined by the following formula:
inputting siz = size (I) in the script invention; alpha = ones (siz (1), siz (2)); alpha =0;
the preservation as png format is determined by the following formula:
imwrite (rgb, 'filename of File Address. Png', 'Alpha', alpha)
And 5, placing the visible and invisible grating manufactured in the step 4 on the hidden image manufactured in the step 2 in the photoshop to verify the visible and invisible effect.
According to the invention, based on a matching formula of the hidden image dot area ratio and the invisible grating, the mathematical relation between each parameter of the printing carrier image and the black stripe of the invisible grating on the pixel scale is obtained, a better invisible effect is realized, the problem that the mathematical relation in the pixel scale cannot be accurately expressed in the existing matching method is solved, and the calculation method is simple.
Now, taking a hidden image on a black plate as an example, the method for manufacturing a visible and hidden grating based on a pixel relationship of the present invention is specifically described.
Examples
Photoshop and MATLAB are used as tools
(1) Making a printing carrier image: newly building a halftone hidden image with the size of 5cm x 5cm, the output resolution of 2100dpi, the color mode of gray scale and the halftone dot area rate of 20 percent, and then manufacturing the halftone hidden image by using the existing manufacturing method of the halftone hidden image, setting the screen line number of 175lpi and the screen angle of 90 degrees.
(2) And calculating the mathematical relation between each parameter of the printing carrier image and the black stripe of the invisible grating on the pixel scale according to a matching formula of the invisible image and the invisible grating.
Calculating the area rate of the mesh points of the visible and invisible grating:
calculating the total number of pixels P in the length direction and the width direction 1 ，P 2 ：
Calculating the side length d of the mesh adjusting unit:
calculating the width l of the black stripe of the visible and hidden grating and the distance m between adjacent black stripes:
l＝12×80％＝10
m＝12×(1-80％)＝2
(3) Making black and white stripe pattern in MATLAB according to the matching relation established in (2)
Newly building a script invention element in MATLAB, creating a canvas with the Size of 4134 pixels multiplied by 4134 pixels, and inputting a code Size =4134; establishing a black matrix input code a = zeros (Size ) with a dimension equal to the total number of pixels in the length and width directions, calculating the total number of black and white stripes input code num = round (Size/12), calculating the start and end positions of the white stripes, and filling the white stripes in, wherein a loop statement is used:
fig. 2 is a black and white striped image drawn by MATLAB.
(4) And performing transparency processing on the manufactured black and white stripe image, finding a proper threshold value of the image by using a maximum inter-class variance method, converting the image type of the black and white stripe image into a binary image, setting the white part to be transparent, and storing the white part in png format. FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a transparent reticle.
The code of the maximum inter-class variance method is as follows: level = graythresh (I);
the code for converting the image type of the black-and-white stripe image into a binary image is as follows: bw2= immiarize (I, level);
the code to set the white portion to transparent is: siz = size (I); alpha = ones (siz (1), siz (2)); alpha (B = = 255) =0;
the code that saves the image in png format is: imwrite (rgb, 'E: \ Desktop \80% transparent grating. Png', 'Alpha', alpha)
(5) And (4) placing the visible and invisible grating manufactured in the step (5) on the hidden image manufactured in the step (2) in the photoshop to verify the visible and invisible effect. Fig. 4 is a perspective view of fig. 1 showing the hidden effect of fig. 3, and fig. 5 is a partially enlarged view of fig. 4.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is intended to be covered by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A manufacturing method of a visible and invisible grating based on an image pixel relation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, manufacturing a halftone hidden image;
step 2, establishing the number of the screened lines, the screening angle and the output resolution as well as the mathematical relationship of the size of the carrier image and the distances between the black stripes of the visible and hidden gratings and the pixel scale according to the matching relationship between the area rate of the halftone hidden image and the area rate of the visible and hidden gratings in the step 1;
step 3, making a black-and-white stripe pattern in MATLAB according to the matching relation established in the step 2;
step 4, performing transparentization treatment on the black and white stripe image manufactured in the step 3, converting the white stripes into transparent stripes, storing the transparent stripes into a png format, and finishing manufacturing the invisible grating;
and 5, placing the visible and invisible grating manufactured in the step 4 on the halftone hidden image manufactured in the step 1 in the photoshop to perform visible and invisible effect verification.
2. The method for manufacturing the invisible grating based on the image pixel relationship according to claim 1, wherein the specific steps of manufacturing the halftone hidden image in the step 1 are as follows:
newly building a carrier image with the size of (1-15) cm x (1-15) cm, the number of the screened lines of 150-200lpi and the screening angle of 0-90 degrees in photoshop software, outputting the carrier image with the resolution of 600-2100dpi, and embedding hidden information into the carrier image by utilizing the existing halftone image hiding method to obtain the halftone hidden image.
3. The method for manufacturing the invisible grating based on the image pixel relation according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the matching relation between the area ratio of the halftone dots of the halftone hidden image and the area ratio of the visible and hidden raster dots in the step 2 is
Wherein d is the side length of the halftone unit, A is the dot area rate of the hidden image, and B is the dot area rate of the visible and hidden grating;
establishing the number of the screened lines, the screening angle and the output resolution as well as the mathematical relationship of the size of the carrier image and the distances between the black stripes of the visible and invisible gratings and the black stripes on the pixel scale according to the matching relationship between the area ratio of the halftone hidden image and the area ratio of the visible and invisible gratings, and specifically comprising the following steps:
(1) Calculating the area rate of the mesh points of the visible and invisible grating according to a matching formula of the hidden image and the visible and invisible grating, and calculating the total pixel number of the visible and invisible grating in the length direction and the width direction;
(2) Calculating the side length of the halftone cell;
(3) And calculating the width of the black stripe of the visible and invisible grating and the distance between the adjacent black stripes.
4. The method for manufacturing an invisible grating based on an image pixel relationship as claimed in claim 3, wherein the halftone cell side length is determined by the following formula:
wherein d is the cell side length of the halftone.
5. The method for manufacturing an invisible grating based on image pixel relationship as claimed in claim 3, wherein the total number of pixels in the length direction and the width direction of the invisible grating is determined by the following formula:
where P1 and P2 represent the total number of pixels in the length and width directions, respectively, a is the length of the print carrier image and b is the width of the print carrier image.
6. The method for manufacturing the invisible grating based on the image pixel relationship as claimed in claim 3, wherein the width of the black stripe of the invisible grating and the distance between adjacent black stripes are determined by the following formula:
l＝d×B
m＝d×(1-B)
wherein l is the width of the black stripe of the visible and invisible grating, m is the distance between adjacent black stripes, d is the side length of the halftone unit, and B is the dot area ratio of the visible and invisible grating.
7. The method for manufacturing the invisible grating based on the image pixel relationship according to claim 1, wherein the step 3 specifically comprises the following processes: the method comprises the steps of newly building a script invention in MATLAB, building a canvas with the size equal to the total pixel number in the length direction and the width direction of a visible and invisible grating, building a black matrix with the dimension equal to the total pixel number in the length direction and the width direction, calculating the total number of black and white stripes, calculating the starting position and the ending position of the white stripes, and filling the white stripes.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises: the total number of black and white stripes is calculated by the following formula:
wherein N is the total number of black and white stripes, [ ] represents rounding operation, P1 is the total number of pixels in the length direction of the visible and invisible grating, l is the width of the black stripe, and m is the distance between adjacent black stripes.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the method comprises: the starting and ending positions of the white stripes are calculated by the following formula:
C＝(l+m)×i+l
D＝(l+m)×(i+l)
wherein C is the initial position of the white stripe, D is the ending position of the white stripe, l is the width of the black stripe, m is the distance between adjacent black stripes, and i represents the value range of the ith black stripe as [0, N ], wherein N is the total number of the black and white stripes.
10. The method for manufacturing the invisible grating based on the image pixel relationship according to claim 1, wherein the step 4 specifically comprises the following steps: and finding a proper threshold value of the picture by using a maximum inter-class variance method, converting the black and white stripe image into a binary image, setting the white part to be transparent, and storing the white part in a png format.
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| WO2005038499A2 (en) * | 2003-10-15 | 2005-04-28 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Optically variable diffraction structure, and method for the production thereof |
| CN103839260A (en) * | 2014-02-17 | 2014-06-04 | 陕西科技大学 | Method for matching simulation grating based on hidden image lattice point area ratio |
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| WO2005038499A2 (en) * | 2003-10-15 | 2005-04-28 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Optically variable diffraction structure, and method for the production thereof |
| CN103839260A (en) * | 2014-02-17 | 2014-06-04 | 陕西科技大学 | Method for matching simulation grating based on hidden image lattice point area ratio |
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