CN110532643B - Method for solving wind environment of high-rise building based on BIM model - Google Patents
Method for solving wind environment of high-rise building based on BIM model Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for solving the wind environment of a high-rise building based on a BIM model, which particularly relates to the field of environmental protection and comprises the following specific operation steps: s1, establishing a three-dimensional model in revit according to the drawing size; s2, deriving a DWG format from the constructed three-dimensional model in revit; and S3, importing the files in the DWG format into the windows software, and performing a series of wind direction simulations according to the local climate and environment. The invention combines the BIM technology with the wind environment simulation method, can simulate the wind environment more intuitively and accurately, can intuitively see that the constructed high-rise building can greatly reduce the influence of local bad wind environment on residents under the influence of local large environment, enables the wind environment to achieve the wind environment which is most effective and most helpful for local residents and is most beneficial to physical and mental health through the building, makes up the defects of common methods, improves the indoor and outdoor wind environment as much as possible in the simplest and most convenient method, and improves the living comfort of the local residents.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection, in particular to a method for solving the wind environment of a high-rise building based on a BIM (building information modeling) model.
Background
With the development of national economy, buildings are in the trend of high-rise and intensive. The construction of high-rise buildings greatly changes the local flow field characteristics, and the phenomena of undershoot, acceleration, vortexes, shielding and the like can occur when the airflow changes direction due to the high-rise buildings. Improper building configuration design or unreasonable building group layout can cause bad wind environment around the building, and affect the comfort and safety of residents and surrounding people.
Firstly, at the height of a human body, due to the fact that a dense and windproof high-rise building is shielded from wind, people can not feel the wind in a hot environment, and a series of physiological function changes can occur to the human body, wherein the physiological function changes mainly include adaptive changes in the aspects of body temperature regulation, water and salt metabolism, a circulatory system, a digestive system, a nervous system, a urinary system and the like. However, if the temperature is too high, the body may suffer from a heat balance and/or water-salt metabolism disorder in a high-temperature environment, which may lead to an acute heat-induced disease, i.e., heatstroke, mainly manifested as central nervous system and/or cardiovascular system disorders.
Heatstroke can be classified into three types according to pathogenesis: heat stroke, heat spasm, heat failure. The classification is relative, is often difficult to distinguish clinically, appears in a single type, can coexist in multiple types, and the list of the occupational diseases in China is called as heatstroke.
1) Fever due to cold-fire: most of them are unconscious, high fever, no sweat, burning or first profuse sweat followed by "no sweat" skin dry heat and redness, which is not nearly treated until the death rate is between 17-80%.
2) Hot spasm: the obvious characteristic is that muscle spasm is accompanied with contraction disease, and the patient usually has mental consciousness and normal body temperature by frequent activities of muscles such as limbs, chewing and abdominal muscles.
3) Heat exhaustion: the disease is rapid in onset, manifested as dizziness, heartbeat, nausea, defecation, hyperhidrosis, pale complexion, syncope, blood pressure drop and low body temperature, which are common to the elderly and patients with cardiovascular diseases.
In these three types of heatstroke, the heat stroke is the most serious, and 20% to 40% of patients die despite rapid treatment.
Second, the "vortex dead zones" between buildings can cause poor circulation of air nearby, leading to an increased incidence of epidemic disease outbreaks.
The research on the outdoor wind environment of the building mainly comprises field actual measurement, wind tunnel test and numerical calculation.
The field measurement period is long, the cost is high, and the obtained data is direct and reliable, but the meteorological conditions and the topographic conditions limit the field actual measurement and cannot be observed in a large range, so that the method can only test the built building and the surrounding wind environment thereof, and cannot predict the wind environment of the building to be built, and therefore, the method has certain limitations.
Wind tunnel experiments are the most important method in building wind engineering research. The wind tunnel test has high reliability, is easy and accurate to measure compared with field actual measurement, and can control and reproduce frequently changed natural conditions. However, it has the disadvantages of great difficulty, long period, high cost, limited information amount, etc.
In the last two thirty years, due to the rapid development of computers and numerical methods, numerical simulation becomes a new method for researching building wind engineering, the method has low cost, low efficiency and large information quantity, can simulate a model equivalent to the actual size of a building, avoids the defect that a wind tunnel experiment can only research a scaling model, and can be used as an effective supplement for experimental research.
The three methods are methods for researching more wind environments in China at present, although the methods are obviously improved, the influences of the wind environments on buildings and the local environments cannot be seen visually, the calculated amount is large, and even if the methods are taken care of again, the methods cannot be guaranteed to be free from errors.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the above defects of the prior art, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for solving the wind environment of a high-rise building based on a BIM model, by combining the BIM technology with a wind environment simulation method, the influence of a local adverse wind environment on residents can be visually seen under the influence of the local environment, the built high-rise building can reduce the influence of the local adverse wind environment on residents more greatly, so that the wind environment can reach a wind environment which is most effective and most beneficial to physical and mental health for the local residents through the building, modeling and comfort reliability analysis are performed by using the BIM technology, a wind environment design standard is considered, an evaluation method and a calculation formula of the comfort reliability of the wind environment building are used, and a deduced formula is used to calculate the possibility that a comfort design value meets a standard value, so that the method is more in line with engineering practice, and the calculation amount is small, and the simulation is more accurate.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a method for solving the wind environment of a high-rise building based on a BIM model comprises the following specific operation steps:
s1, establishing a three-dimensional model in the revit according to the drawing size, wherein the specific modeling method comprises the following steps:
s1.1, three layers of a wind project, a water project and an electric project are created in a Revit filter, and corresponding attribute parameters are set for each layer, wherein the attribute parameters comprise a color scheme, a shape scheme and a texture display scheme of the project;
s1.2, classifying each part in the BIM into a corresponding layer in a Revit filter according to the corresponding relation between each part in the BIM and the layer in the Revit filter;
s1.3, loading attribute parameters of corresponding layers for each part in the BIM;
s2, deriving a DWG format from the constructed three-dimensional model in revit;
s3, importing files in DWG format into the windows software, and carrying out a series of wind direction simulation according to local climate and environment, wherein the specific simulation method comprises the following steps:
s3.1, importing the exported DWG format file into WindSim;
s3.2, improving a conventional flow field equation by adopting a random field analysis method and a reliability evaluation theory aiming at the wind environment, deriving a corresponding random flow field control equation and a corresponding small-parameter random perturbation calculation method, taking a wind speed probability calculation value as a calculation input value for comfort reliability evaluation, modeling by using a BIM (building information modeling) technology and comfort reliability analysis, considering the design standard of the wind environment, applying a wind environment building comfort reliability evaluation method and a calculation formula, and calculating the possibility that a comfort design value meets a standard value by adopting a derived formula;
s3.3, selecting a horizontal range and a vertical range which need to be simulated, wherein the ranges are calculation domains;
s3.4, discretizing the calculation domain by using hexahedral cells called grid or mesh;
s3.5, selecting a terrain-report-area command, and obtaining two graphs in a display screen, wherein the two graphs show the position of the new 3D model in an original gws terrain data file;
s3.6, selecting a terrain-report-3D model command, selecting a grid (xy) by using a black arrow, and acquiring a report of the generated horizontal discrete condition of the 3D model;
s3.7, selecting a terrain-report-3D model command, selecting a grid (z) by using a black arrow, and acquiring a report of the generated discrete condition of the 3D model in the vertical direction;
s3.8, selecting a terrain-report-3D model command, selecting a blank area by using a black arrow, obtaining a graph result, wherein the ratio of the blank area is used as a standard and is characterized by calculating the ratio of the minimum and maximum open area areas of the vertical planes in the north-south and east-west directions in the domain;
and S3.9, performing a series of wind direction simulation on the three-dimensional model in the widsmim software by adopting the selection command, and obtaining the optimal high-rise building configuration for solving the wind environment problem after simulation, so that the wind environment achieves the wind environment which is most effective, most helpful and most beneficial to physical and mental health for local residents through the building.
In a preferred embodiment, in the step S1, the problems in the BIM are modified and completed in time to ensure the accuracy and time reduction in the construction process.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S2, the method for deriving a DWG format from a three-dimensional stereo model includes:
s2.1, selecting a command of 'start-export-CAD format-DGW' in a Revit filter, and clicking a 'export setting selection' button in a 'DWG export' window;
s2.2, in the window of 'modifying DWG/DWG export setting', setting the names and colors of the three layers through layer options;
s2.3, in the conventional page, canceling the option of 'taking the view and the link on the drawing as external reference and leading out', setting a DWG version to be stored, and storing the set DWG version in a left list for later use after setting;
s2.4, after the determination, returning to a DWG export window, and selecting a view or a drawing to be exported in an export column on the right side, or creating a view set and exporting a plurality of views at one time;
s2.5, clicking a 'next' button, setting a storage position and a file name of the exported file in a 'storage to target folder' dialog box, and clicking a 'confirm' button to successfully export the file.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S2.3, the DWG file version is saved as a lower version.
In a preferred embodiment, the winsim software comprises a basic core module, a multi-core application module, a wind farm optimization module and a laser remote sensing data correction module, and is used for calculating the change of airflow in three-dimensional direction, calculating the turbulence intensity of any position of a planned wind farm, the change of wind speed and wind direction in a vane swept plane and planning the vertical wind profile of any position of the wind farm.
In a preferred embodiment, the WindSim receives terrain files in multiple formats in WindSim, contour data of different resolutions can be seamlessly integrated in grid and boundary condition generation, WindSim uses default settings that allow users to modify those default settings, and some CFD software hides some settings, i.e., the user modifies the default settings based on specific conditions in the field.
The invention has the technical effects and advantages that:
1. according to the invention, by combining the BIM technology with the wind environment simulation method, compared with the prior art, the influence of local bad wind environment on residents can be visually seen under the influence of local large environment, the constructed high-rise building can greatly reduce the influence of local bad wind environment on residents, so that the wind environment can reach the wind environment which is most effective and most helpful to local residents and is most beneficial to physical and mental health through the building, the defects of a common method are overcome, the indoor and outdoor wind environment is improved by the simplest and most convenient method as much as possible, and the living comfort of the local residents is improved; simulating indoor and outdoor wind environments according to the built BIM three-dimensional model, reasonably composing the building area of the high-rise building, and simulating a real three-dimensional entity and the wind environment before building, so that the influence of safety and comfort on residents and surrounding people after building construction is ensured to the greatest extent;
2. aiming at the wind environment, the conventional flow field equation is improved, a corresponding random flow field control equation and a corresponding small-parameter random perturbation calculation method are derived, a wind speed probability calculation value is used as a calculation input value for comfort reliability evaluation, BIM (building information modeling) technology modeling and comfort reliability analysis are carried out, wind environment design standards are considered, the possibility that a comfort design value meets a standard value is calculated by using a derived formula by using a wind environment building comfort reliability evaluation method and a calculation formula, and compared with the prior art, the simulation method is more in line with engineering practice, the calculation amount is small, the simulation error rate in the whole simulation process is lower, and the simulation is more accurate;
3. in the design of building environment, due to the complexity of wind environment influence, particularly the randomness of wind action, the analysis method closest to the actual engineering at present mainly comprises a random analysis method and a reliability evaluation theory, and the BIM technology and the wind environment simulation method are combined, so that the wind environment can be simulated more intuitively and accurately.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the BIM model for solving wind environment.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
According to the method for solving the wind environment of the high-rise building based on the BIM model shown in FIG. 1, the specific operation steps are as follows:
s1, establishing a three-dimensional model in the revit according to the drawing size, and timely modifying and perfecting problems in BIM to ensure the accuracy and the reduction of time in the construction process, wherein the specific modeling method comprises the following steps:
s1.1, three layers of a wind project, a water project and an electric project are created in a Revit filter, and corresponding attribute parameters are set for each layer, wherein the attribute parameters comprise a color scheme, a shape scheme and a texture display scheme of the project;
s1.2, classifying each part in the BIM into a corresponding layer in a Revit filter according to the corresponding relation between each part in the BIM and the layer in the Revit filter;
s1.3, loading attribute parameters of corresponding layers for each part in the BIM;
s2, deriving a DWG format from the constructed three-dimensional model in revit, wherein the method for deriving the DWG format from the three-dimensional model comprises the following steps:
s2.1, selecting a 'start-export-CAD format-DGW' command in a Revit filter, and clicking a 'export setting selection' button in a 'DWG export' window;
s2.2, in the window of 'modifying DWG/DWG export setting', setting the names and colors of the three layers through layer options;
s2.3, in the conventional page, canceling checking and taking the view and the link on the drawing as an external reference export option, setting a DWG version to be stored, suggesting that the version of the DWG file is set to be a lower version, and storing the setting in a left list for later use after setting;
s2.4, after the determination, returning to a DWG export window, and selecting a view or a drawing to be exported in an export column on the right side, or creating a view set to export a plurality of views at one time;
s2.5, clicking a 'next' button, setting a storage position and a file name of an export file in a 'store to target folder' dialog box, and clicking a 'confirm' button to successfully export the file;
s3, importing the files in the DWG format into the windows software, and performing a series of wind direction simulation according to the local climate and environment;
WindSim receives terrain files in various formats in WindSim, contour line data with different resolutions can be seamlessly integrated in the aspects of grid and boundary condition generation, WindSim uses default settings to allow users to modify the default settings, and some CFD software hides some settings, namely, the users modify the default settings according to specific conditions on site;
the WindSim software comprises a basic core module, a multi-core application module, a wind power plant optimization module and a laser remote sensing data correction module, the WindSim software has 32-bit and 64-bit versions, provides parallel versions and is used for calculating the change of airflow in the three-dimensional direction, calculating the turbulence intensity of any position of a planned wind power plant, the change of wind speed and wind direction in the wind sweeping surface of an impeller and planning the vertical wind profile of any position of the wind power plant;
when wind direction simulation is carried out in WindSim software, when 3D on the upper right side of each graph is clicked, a corresponding 3D model can be opened by using a visualization tool GLview, 3D visualization can be realized in each 2D field, each 3D model and each model range, and 3D visualization can also be realized in other modules of WindSim;
regarding the GLview software, the basic operations are: translating a left mouse button, rotating a right mouse button, using a mouse wheel or simultaneously using the mouse wheel, zooming and clicking areas by using two mouse buttons, visualizing the horizontal area of the generated 3D model, and identifying the position of the area of the generated 3D model in the contour map of the whole area by a gray frame;
the specific wind direction simulation method comprises the following steps:
s3.1, importing the exported DWG format file into windSim;
s3.2, improving a conventional flow field equation by adopting a random field analysis method and a reliability evaluation theory aiming at a wind environment, deriving a corresponding random flow field control equation and a corresponding small-parameter random perturbation calculation method, taking a wind speed probability calculation value as a calculation input value for comfort reliability evaluation, modeling by a BIM (building information modeling) technology and analyzing comfort reliability, considering a wind environment design standard, applying a wind environment building comfort reliability evaluation method and a calculation formula, and calculating the possibility that a comfort design value accords with a standard value by adopting a derived formula, so that the comfort design value is more in line with engineering practice;
s3.3, selecting a transverse range and a longitudinal range to be simulated, wherein the range is a calculation domain and is created by a digital terrain file containing elevation and roughness information in a format of gws;
s3.4, discretizing the calculation domain by using hexahedral cells called grid or mesh;
s3.5, selecting a 'terrain-report-area' command, and obtaining two graphs in a display screen, wherein the two graphs show the position of the new 3D model in the original gws terrain data file;
s3.6, selecting a terrain-report-3D model command, selecting a grid (xy) by using a black arrow, and acquiring a report of the generated horizontal discrete condition of the 3D model;
s3.7, selecting a terrain-report-3D model command, selecting a grid (z) by using a black arrow, and acquiring a report of the generated discrete condition of the 3D model in the vertical direction;
s3.8, selecting a terrain-report-3D model command, selecting a dead zone by using a black arrow, obtaining a graph result, wherein the dead zone ratio is used as a standard, the characteristic is that the ratio of the minimum open area to the maximum open area of the vertical plane in the south-north direction and the east-west direction in a domain is calculated, and wind field simulation can be regarded as numerical wind tunnel operation;
and S3.9, performing a series of wind direction simulations on the three-dimensional model in the widdsim software by adopting the selection command, and obtaining the optimal high-rise building configuration for solving the wind environment problem after the simulations, so that the wind environment can achieve the wind environment which is most effective and most helpful to local residents and most beneficial to physical and mental health through the building.
The ideal height of the 3D model may be automatically calculated to ensure the void ratio is within an acceptable range.
According to the method, firstly, a three-dimensional model is built by means of revit according to a building drawing, then, files of the three-dimensional model are exported, then, the files are imported into the window software, the window software is used for simulating according to a series of local wind environments, the influence of local adverse wind environments on residents can be visually seen, the built high-rise building can greatly reduce the influence of the local adverse wind environments on the residents under the influence of the local environments, the wind environments can achieve the wind environments which are most effective and helpful to the local residents and most beneficial to physical and mental health through the buildings, and the problem that the influence of the wind environments on the buildings and the local environments cannot be visually seen in the prior art is solved;
in addition, the invention improves the conventional flow field equation aiming at the wind environment, derives a corresponding random flow field control equation and a corresponding small-parameter random perturbation calculation method, takes a wind speed probability calculation value as a calculation input value for comfort reliability evaluation, adopts BIM technical modeling and comfort reliability analysis, considers the design standard of the wind environment, applies the wind environment building comfort reliability evaluation method and a calculation formula, and adopts the derived formula to calculate the possibility that the comfort design value meets the standard value, thereby not only being more in line with the engineering practice, but also having small calculation amount, lower simulation error rate in the whole simulation process and more accurate simulation, and solving the problems of large calculation amount and high error rate in the current methods for researching the wind environment in China.
And finally: the above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for solving the wind environment of a high-rise building based on a BIM model is characterized by comprising the following specific operation steps:
s1, establishing a three-dimensional model in the revit according to the drawing size, wherein the specific modeling method comprises the following steps:
s1.1, three layers of a wind project, a water project and an electric project are created in a Revit filter, and corresponding attribute parameters are set for each layer, wherein the attribute parameters comprise a color scheme, a shape scheme and a texture display scheme of the project;
s1.2, according to the corresponding relation between each part in the BIM and the layer in the Revit filter, classifying each part in the BIM into the corresponding layer in the Revit filter;
s1.3, loading attribute parameters of corresponding layers for each part in the BIM;
s2, exporting the constructed three-dimensional model in a revit in a DWG format;
s3, importing files in DWG format into the windows software, and carrying out a series of wind direction simulation according to local climate and environment, wherein the specific simulation method comprises the following steps:
s3.1, importing the exported DWG format file into WindSim;
s3.2, improving a conventional flow field equation by adopting a random field analysis method and a reliability evaluation theory aiming at the wind environment, deriving a corresponding random flow field control equation and a corresponding small-parameter random perturbation calculation method, taking a wind speed probability calculation value as a calculation input value for comfort reliability evaluation, modeling by using a BIM (building information modeling) technology and comfort reliability analysis, considering the design standard of the wind environment, applying a wind environment building comfort reliability evaluation method and a calculation formula, and calculating the possibility that a comfort design value meets a standard value by adopting a derived formula;
s3.3, selecting a horizontal range and a longitudinal range which need to be simulated, wherein the ranges are calculation domains;
s3.4, discretizing the calculation domain by using hexahedral cells called grid or mesh;
s3.5, selecting a 'terrain-report-area' command, and obtaining two graphs in a display screen, wherein the two graphs show the position of the new 3D model in the original gws terrain data file;
s3.6, selecting a terrain-report-3D model command, selecting a grid (xy) by using a black arrow, and acquiring a report of the generated horizontal discrete condition of the 3D model;
s3.7, selecting a terrain-report-3D model command, selecting a grid (z) by using a black arrow, and acquiring a report of the generated discrete condition of the 3D model in the vertical direction;
s3.8, selecting a terrain-report-3D model command, selecting a blank area by using a black arrow, obtaining a graph result, wherein the ratio of the blank area is used as a standard and is characterized by calculating the ratio of the minimum and maximum open area areas of the vertical planes in the north-south and east-west directions in the domain;
and S3.9, carrying out a series of wind direction simulation on the three-dimensional model in the widsmim software by adopting the selection command, and obtaining the optimal high-rise building configuration for solving the wind environment problem after simulation.
2. The method for solving the wind environment of the high-rise building based on the BIM model as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step S1, the problem in BIM needs to be modified and completed in time.
3. The method for solving the wind environment of the high-rise building based on the BIM model as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step S2, the method for deriving a DWG format by using a three-dimensional stereo model includes:
s2.1, selecting a 'start-export-CAD format-DGW' command in a Revit filter, and clicking a 'export setting selection' button in a 'DWG export' window;
s2.2, in the window of 'modifying DWG/DWG export setting', setting the names and colors of the three layers through layer options;
s2.3, in the conventional page, canceling checking and taking the view and the link on the picture as an external reference export option, setting a DWG version to be stored, and storing the set DWG version in a left list for later use;
s2.4, after the determination, returning to a DWG export window, and selecting a view or a drawing to be exported in an export column on the right side, or creating a view set to export a plurality of views at one time;
s2.5, clicking a 'next' button, setting a storage position and a file name of the exported file in a 'storage to target folder' dialog box, and clicking a 'confirm' button to successfully export the file.
4. The method for solving the wind environment of the high-rise building based on the BIM model as claimed in claim 3, wherein: in step S2.3, the DWG file version is saved as a lower version.
5. The method for solving the wind environment of the high-rise building based on the BIM model as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the winsim software comprises a basic core module, a multi-core application module, a wind power plant optimization module and a laser remote sensing data correction module, and is used for calculating the change of airflow in the three-dimensional direction, calculating the turbulence intensity of any position of a planned wind power plant, the change of wind speed and wind direction in a vane sweeping plane and planning the vertical wind profile of any position of the wind power plant.
6. The method for solving the wind environment of the high-rise building based on the BIM model as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the WindSim receives terrain files in multiple formats in the WindSim, contour line data with different resolutions can be seamlessly integrated in the aspects of grid and boundary condition generation, and the WindSim uses default settings to allow a user to modify the default settings.
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| JP2003203194A (en) * | 2001-08-17 | 2003-07-18 | Ohbayashi Corp | Wind environment predicting program, medium storing this program and wind environment predicting method |
| CN107944203A (en) * | 2018-01-11 | 2018-04-20 | 侯永胜 | A kind of visual architectural design method of wind-velocity streamline |
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