CN110530565B - Multi-path time measuring device and method based on optical fiber probe - Google Patents

Multi-path time measuring device and method based on optical fiber probe Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110530565B
CN110530565B CN201910897066.8A CN201910897066A CN110530565B CN 110530565 B CN110530565 B CN 110530565B CN 201910897066 A CN201910897066 A CN 201910897066A CN 110530565 B CN110530565 B CN 110530565B
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optical fiber
laser
metal film
paths
fiber probe
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CN110530565A (en
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雷江波
刘俊
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Institute of Fluid Physics of CAEP
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Institute of Fluid Physics of CAEP
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01LMEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L5/00Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
    • G01L5/0052Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes measuring forces due to impact
    • GPHYSICS
    • G04HOROLOGY
    • G04FTIME-INTERVAL MEASURING
    • G04F13/00Apparatus for measuring unknown time intervals by means not provided for in groups G04F5/00 - G04F10/00
    • G04F13/02Apparatus for measuring unknown time intervals by means not provided for in groups G04F5/00 - G04F10/00 using optical means

Abstract

The embodiment of the application provides a multi-path time measuring device and method based on an optical fiber probe, and relates to the field of optical fiber sensing measurement. The device comprises n paths of optical fiber probes, a signal processing module and a signal processing module, wherein the n paths of optical fiber probes are used for respectively processing n paths of laser signals; when the metal film on the end face of the optical fiber probe is not damaged, the optical fiber probe returns a laser signal; otherwise, the optical fiber probe does not return a laser signal; after the time of generating a blasting instruction Tnx, a shock wave at the time of Tny destroys the metal film; and the time identification device is used for identifying the laser signal returned by the n paths of optical fiber probes in real time and recording the moment Tny when the laser signal is not returned, namely the moment when the shock wave reaches the metal film and destroys the metal film, wherein n is more than or equal to 0. The device can meet the requirement of long-distance measurement, realizes the simultaneous measurement of multiple points of shock waves, and has the characteristics of small chromatic dispersion, high reliability and high time resolution.

Description

Multi-path time measuring device and method based on optical fiber probe
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of optical fiber sensing measurement, in particular to a multi-path time measuring device and method based on an optical fiber probe.
Background
In the shock wave or detonation test, in order to measure the arrival time of the shock wave under a special environmental condition, a fiber probe is generally used for testing. The optical fiber probe works by utilizing the characteristic that the quartz optical fiber emits light when receiving impact, and due to the particularity of the working principle of the optical fiber probe, the optical fiber probe can continuously and continuously give impact arrival information under the condition of no damage, and has important application in measuring physical parameters of impact waves.
In the prior art, the fiber probe typically delivers signals for multimode fibers. However, the multimode optical fiber has the following problems: the problems of large signal attenuation, large dispersion and the like caused by long-distance transmission of signals exist.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides a multi-path time measuring device and method based on an optical fiber probe, and the device can achieve nanosecond or even subnanosecond time response in a test for measuring the arrival time of detonation waves, flying sheets and shock waves. In addition, the device can meet the requirement of long-distance measurement, realizes the simultaneous measurement of multiple points of the shock waves, and has the characteristics of small dispersion, high reliability and high time resolution.
The embodiment of the application is realized by the following steps:
a multi-channel time measuring device based on a fiber-optic probe comprises:
the n paths of optical fiber probes are used for respectively processing the n paths of laser signals; when the metal film on the end face of the optical fiber probe is not damaged, the optical fiber probe returns a laser signal; otherwise, after the blasting instruction is generated at the Tx moment, the shock wave reaches the metal film and destroys the metal film, and the metal film on the end face of the optical fiber probe does not return a laser signal;
and the time identification device is used for identifying the laser signals returned by the n paths of optical fiber probes in real time and recording the time Tny when the laser signals are not returned, wherein n is greater than 0.
Preferably, when n is greater than 1, an optical fiber delay module is further disposed between the n paths of optical fiber probes and the time identification device, and the optical fiber delay module is configured to delay and output the n paths of return laser signals in sequence. In a multipoint test, laser signals returned by n paths of optical fiber probes can be uniformly multiplexed to the time identification device by adjusting the delay optical path, the minimization of the time identification device can be realized structurally, and in addition, the method can more accurately finish multipoint simultaneous test.
Preferably, the n fiber optic probes receive the laser signals through the corresponding n fiber optic circulators respectively, and return the laser signals through the corresponding fiber optic circulators respectively.
Preferably, the time identification device comprises a photoelectric converter and an oscilloscope; the photoelectric converter is used for receiving the n paths of laser signals returned by the optical fiber probe and converting the n paths of laser signals into electric signals; and the oscilloscope is used for displaying the electric signal and marking the moment Tny at which the return laser signal does not appear.
Preferably, the device further comprises calculating the shock wave duration T-Tny-Tx.
A multi-path time measurement method based on a fiber-optic probe comprises the following steps:
s1: respectively processing n paths of laser signals through n paths of optical fiber probes; when the metal film on the end face of the optical fiber probe is not damaged, the optical fiber probe returns a laser signal; otherwise, after the blasting instruction is generated at the Tx moment, the shock wave reaches the metal film and destroys the metal film, and the metal film on the end face of the optical fiber probe does not return a laser signal;
s2: and identifying the laser signals returned by the n paths of optical fiber probes in real time through a time identification device, and recording the moment Tny when the laser signals are not returned, wherein n is greater than 0.
Preferably, when n is greater than 1, sequentially delaying the metal film return laser signals by the fiber delay module is further included between steps S1 and S2.
Preferably, the n fiber optic probes receive the laser signals through the corresponding n fiber optic circulators respectively, and return the laser signals through the corresponding fiber optic circulators respectively.
Preferably, identifying n metal film return laser signals in real time comprises: s21: receiving n paths of laser signals returned by the optical fiber probe through a photoelectric converter, and converting the n paths of laser signals into electric signals; s22: and displaying the electric signal through an oscilloscope, and marking the moment Tny at which the returned laser signal does not appear.
Preferably, the method further comprises calculating the shock wave duration Tn-Tny-Tx.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and that those skilled in the art can also obtain other related drawings based on the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a time testing apparatus for a single optical fiber probe;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a time measurement apparatus for a multi-channel fiber probe;
icon: 1-a multi-path beam splitter; 2-a filter; 3-a fiber optic circulator; 4-a fiber optic probe; 5-a fiber delay module; 51-a fiber coupler; 52-optical fiber ring; 6-time identification means; 61-a photoelectric converter; 62-an oscilloscope; 7-a processor;
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in the embodiment of the present invention, the apparatus includes n fiber probes 2 and a time recognition apparatus 6.
The n paths of optical fiber probes are used for respectively processing the n paths of laser signals; when the metal film on the end face of the optical fiber probe is not damaged, the optical fiber probe returns a laser signal; otherwise, after the blasting instruction is generated at the Tx moment, the shock wave reaches the metal film and destroys the metal film, and the metal film on the end face of the optical fiber probe does not return a laser signal;
and the time identification device is used for identifying the laser signals returned by the n paths of optical fiber probes in real time and recording the time Tny when the laser signals are not returned, wherein n is greater than 0.
The first embodiment is as follows: if n is equal to 1, please continue to refer to fig. 1, the optical fiber circulator 3 employs a three-port circulator, light input from the first port is output from the second port, light input from the second port is output from the third port, and the first port and the third port are highly isolated from each other. The device comprises a first port of an optical fiber circulator 3 connected with a laser, a second port of the optical fiber circulator 3 connected with an optical fiber probe 4, and a third port of the optical fiber circulator 3 connected with a time recognition device 6 and a processor 7 in sequence.
After the moment of generating the blasting instruction Tx, the laser signal emitted by the laser enters the fiber circulator 3 through the first port of the fiber circulator 3, enters the fiber probe 4 from the second port of the fiber circulator 3, when the metal film of the fiber probe 4 is not damaged, the laser signal is emitted back to the fiber circulator 3, the time recognition device 6 is entered through the third port of the fiber circulator 3 for real-time recognition, when the metal film of the fiber probe 4 is damaged, the laser signal is not reflected, the time recognition device 6 does not enter the laser signal, and the moment at this moment is recorded as Tny, that is, the shock wave damages the metal film of the fiber probe 4 at the time of Tny. From T1y-Tx, the shock wave duration T is obtained.
Similarly, if n is 2, the duration T1 of the first path is T1 y-Tx; the duration of the shock wave of the second path T2 is T2 y-Tx;
similarly, if n is 3, the duration T1 of the first path of the shock wave is T1 y-Tx; the duration of the shock wave of the second path T2 is T2 y-Tx; the duration of the shock wave of the third path, T3 ═ T3 y-Tx;
it should be understood that when n laser signals are required to be tested simultaneously, where n is greater than 0, the number of the corresponding optical fiber circulator 3, the corresponding optical fiber probe 4 and the corresponding time identification device 6 should also be n, and the testing is performed according to the above steps. The n laser signals may be emitted from n lasers, or may be emitted from one laser through the multi-path beam splitter 1.
Example two: on the basis of the first embodiment, when n is greater than 1, an optical fiber delay module 5 is further arranged between the n paths of optical fiber probes and the time identification device, the optical fiber delay module 5 includes n optical fiber rings 52 and n-1 optical fiber couplers 51, and the n-1 optical fiber couplers are arranged among the n optical fiber rings at intervals and used for sequentially delaying and outputting the n paths of return laser signals. With continued reference to fig. 2, the laser signal emitted by the laser is divided into n laser signals by the multi-path beam splitter 1 and transmitted to the n filters 2, where the n laser signals may also be emitted from the n lasers. The filter 2 effectively filters each path of laser light, and then sends the laser light to the first port of the corresponding optical fiber circulator 3, and the laser light is transmitted to the corresponding optical fiber probe 4 through the second port of the optical fiber circulator 3.
After the moment of generating the blasting instruction Tx, the n laser signals reach the n optical fiber probes 4, and when the metal film on the end face of the optical fiber probe 4 is not damaged, the metal film returns the laser signals, and the returned laser signals enter the optical fiber delay module 5. The specific process is as follows: the laser signal returned by the 1 st optical fiber probe 4 is output after being delayed by the n optical fiber rings 52 (the 1 st optical fiber ring 52 to the n optical fiber ring 52) in sequence; laser signals returned by the 2 nd optical fiber probe 4 pass through the 1 st optical fiber coupler 51, then pass through the n-1 optical fiber ring 52 (the 2 nd optical fiber ring 52 to the nth optical fiber ring 52) in sequence, are delayed and then are output; laser signals returned by the 3 rd optical fiber probe 4 pass through the 2 nd optical fiber coupler 51, then pass through the n-2 optical fiber ring 52 (the 3 rd optical fiber ring 52 to the nth optical fiber ring 52) in sequence, are delayed and then are output; laser signals returned by the 4 th optical fiber probe 4 pass through the 3 rd optical fiber coupler 51, then pass through the n-3 optical fiber ring 52 (the 4 th optical fiber ring 52 to the nth optical fiber ring 52) in sequence, are delayed and then are output; and the rest is repeated until the laser signal returned by the nth optical fiber probe 4 passes through the (n-1) th optical fiber coupler 51, and then is output after being delayed by the 1 st optical fiber ring 52 (the nth optical fiber ring 52). Finally, the n-path laser signals returned from the n-path fiber probe 4 are output from the fiber delay module 5. The length of the optical fiber loop 52 determines the time interval of the laser signals returned by two adjacent optical fiber probes 4, and can be adjusted according to different test requirements. Therefore, the multipath signals are received through the same line by the multipath optical fiber delay module, and the miniaturization of a system device and the maximum utilization of hardware resources are realized. The optical fiber coil refers to a coil wound by optical fibers, and the length of the optical fiber coil propagating along the optical path determines the delay time.
Similarly, the n paths of laser signals are transmitted back to the optical fiber circulator 3 and enter the time recognition device 6 through the third port of the optical fiber circulator 3 for real-time recognition; when the metal film on the end face of the nth fiber probe 4 is damaged, the laser signal is not reflected, the time identification device 6 does not input the laser signal, and the time at this time is recorded as Tny, that is, the nth shock wave damages the metal film of the fiber probe 4 at the time of Tny. Similarly, n-way shock wave durations T are obtained from Tn ═ Tny-Tx, respectively.
Example three: on the basis of the first and second embodiments, the n optical fiber probes 4 respectively receive the laser signals through the corresponding n optical fiber circulators 3, and respectively return the laser signals through the corresponding optical fiber circulators 3. Wherein n is greater than 0.
Example four: in the first to third embodiments, the optical fiber circulator 3 may further employ a four-port optical fiber coupler, a first port of which is directly connected to the second port and coupled to the third port, and a fourth port of which is directly connected to the third port and coupled to the second port. Namely, the following combinations can be formed: (1) the light input from the first port is output from the second port, and the light input from the second port is output from the fourth port; (2) the light input from the second port is output from the first port, and the light input from the first port is output from the third port; (3) the light input from the third port is output from the fourth port, and the light input from the fourth port is output from the second port; (4) the light input from the fourth port is output from the third port, and the light input from the third port is output from the first port; the opposite direction is highly isolated. It should be understood that the connection mode can be selected by analogy with the connection mode of the three-port circulator, and the implementation modes include four modes of 1), 2), 3) and 4):
1) a first port of the optical fiber circulator 3 is connected with the laser, a second port of the optical fiber circulator 3 is connected with the optical fiber probe, and a fourth port of the optical fiber circulator 3 is connected with an incident port of the photoelectric converter 61. The laser signal emitted by the laser enters the optical fiber circulator through the first port of the optical fiber circulator 3, enters the optical fiber probe 4 from the second port of the optical fiber circulator 3, and when the metal film of the optical fiber probe 4 is not damaged, the laser signal is emitted back to the optical fiber circulator 3 and enters the photoelectric converter 61 through the fourth port of the optical fiber circulator 3.
2) The second port of the optical fiber circulator 3 is connected with the laser, the first port of the optical fiber circulator 3 is connected with the optical fiber probe, and the third port of the optical fiber circulator 3 is connected with the incident port of the photoelectric converter 61. The laser signal emitted by the laser enters the optical fiber circulator through the second port of the optical fiber circulator 3, enters the optical fiber probe 4 from the first port of the optical fiber circulator 3, and when the metal film of the optical fiber probe 4 is not damaged, the laser signal is emitted back to the optical fiber circulator 3 and enters the photoelectric converter 61 through the third port of the optical fiber circulator 3.
3) The third port of the optical fiber circulator 3 is connected with the laser, the fourth port of the optical fiber circulator 3 is connected with the optical fiber probe, and the second port of the optical fiber circulator 3 is connected with the incident port of the photoelectric converter 61. The laser signal emitted by the laser enters the optical fiber circulator through the third port of the optical fiber circulator 3, enters the optical fiber probe 4 from the fourth port of the optical fiber circulator 3, and when the metal film of the optical fiber probe 4 is not damaged, the laser signal is emitted back to the optical fiber circulator 3 and enters the photoelectric converter 61 through the second port of the optical fiber circulator 3.
4) The fourth port of the optical fiber circulator 3 is connected with the laser, the third port of the optical fiber circulator 3 is connected with the optical fiber probe, and the first port of the optical fiber circulator 3 is connected with the incident port of the photoelectric converter 61. The laser signal emitted by the laser enters the optical fiber circulator through the fourth port of the optical fiber circulator 3, enters the optical fiber probe 4 from the third port of the optical fiber circulator 3, and when the metal film of the optical fiber probe 4 is not damaged, the laser signal is emitted back to the optical fiber circulator 3 and enters the photoelectric converter 61 through the first port of the optical fiber circulator 3.
Example five: on the basis of the first to fourth embodiments, the time identifying device 6 includes the photoelectric converter 61 and the oscilloscope 62; when the metal film of the optical fiber probe 4 is not damaged, the photoelectric converter 61 receives the n-channel laser signal returned by the optical fiber probe 4, converts the signal into an electrical signal, and inputs the electrical signal to the oscilloscope 62 for display. When the metal film of the fiber probe 4 is damaged, the laser signal is not reflected, and the oscilloscope 62 directly appears a falling edge at this time, and the time is recorded as Tny. The shock wave duration T is obtained from Tn-Tny-Tx.
Example six: in the first to fifth embodiments, the calculation of the n-way shockwave duration Tn ═ Tny-Tx may be an operation performed manually or may be processed by the processor 7.
Example seven: on the basis of the first to sixth embodiments, the optical fiber probe 4 mainly comprises: the end face of the optical fiber is polished and plated with a metal reflecting film (the tail end of the optical fiber probe is plated with a film). The sleeve in the optical fiber probe 4 is made of metal, and mainly ensures the installation precision of the probe.
Example eight: on the basis of the first to seventh embodiments, when the metal film on the end surface of the optical fiber probe 4 is not damaged, the metal film returns to the laser signal, and the reflected laser signal is converted into an electrical signal by the photoelectric converter 61, and then the level displayed on the oscilloscope 62 is in a normally high state. When the metal film on the end face of the optical fiber probe 4 is broken, no laser signal returns to the oscilloscope 62, and at this time, the oscilloscope 62 has a falling edge, and the time is Tny.
The above description is only an example of the present application and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application. It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present application, and shall be covered by the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.

Claims (8)

1. A multi-path time measuring device based on an optical fiber probe is characterized by comprising;
the n paths of optical fiber probes are used for respectively processing the n paths of laser signals; when the metal film on the end face of the optical fiber probe is not damaged, the optical fiber probe returns a laser signal; otherwise, after the blasting instruction is generated at the Tx moment, the shock wave reaches the metal film and destroys the metal film, and the metal film on the end face of the optical fiber probe does not return a laser signal;
the time identification device is used for identifying the laser signal returned by the n-path optical fiber probe in real time, recording the moment Tny when the laser signal is not returned, and calculating the duration time T of the shock wave which is Tny-Tx; wherein n is greater than 0.
2. The device according to claim 1, wherein when n is greater than 1, an optical fiber delay module is further disposed between the n optical fiber probes and the time recognition device, and the optical fiber delay module is configured to sequentially delay and output the n return laser signals.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the n fiber optic probes receive the laser signals through the corresponding n fiber optic circulators, respectively, and return the laser signals through the corresponding fiber optic circulators, respectively.
4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the time identifying means comprises a photoelectric converter and an oscilloscope;
the photoelectric converter is used for receiving the n paths of laser signals returned by the optical fiber probe and converting the n paths of laser signals into electric signals;
and the oscilloscope is used for displaying the electric signal and marking the moment Tny at which the return laser signal does not appear.
5. A multipath time measuring method based on an optical fiber probe is characterized by comprising the following steps of;
s1: respectively processing n paths of laser signals through n paths of optical fiber probes; when the metal film on the end face of the optical fiber probe is not damaged, the optical fiber probe returns a laser signal; otherwise, after the blasting instruction is generated at the Tx moment, the shock wave reaches the metal film and destroys the metal film, and the metal film on the end face of the optical fiber probe does not return a laser signal;
s2: identifying the laser signal returned by the n-path optical fiber probe in real time through a time identification device, recording the moment Tny when the laser signal is not returned, and calculating the duration time T of the shock wave which is Tny-Tx; wherein n is greater than 0.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein when n is greater than 1, sequentially delaying the metal film return laser signal by fiber delay modules between steps S1 and S2.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the n fiber optic probes receive the laser signals through corresponding n fiber optic circulators, respectively, and return the laser signals through corresponding fiber optic circulators, respectively.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein identifying n metal film return laser signals in real time comprises:
s21: receiving n paths of laser signals returned by the optical fiber probe through a photoelectric converter, and converting the n paths of laser signals into electric signals;
s22: and displaying the electric signal through an oscilloscope, and marking the moment Tny at which the returned laser signal does not appear.
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