CN110530548B - Fiber grating detection method and device for measuring pressure and temperature parameters - Google Patents
Fiber grating detection method and device for measuring pressure and temperature parameters Download PDFInfo
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- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 206010070834 Sensitisation Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000008313 sensitization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
- G01K11/32—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
- G01K11/3206—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres at discrete locations in the fibre, e.g. using Bragg scattering
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/24—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet
- G01L1/242—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre
- G01L1/246—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre using integrated gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fiber grating detection device and a method for measuring pressure and temperature parameters. The optical fiber sensor comprises an optical fiber, a primary sensitive element and a secondary sensitive element; the primary sensitive element is a double-equal-thickness equal-strength cantilever beam which comprises a double-metal temperature sensitization area and a pressure measuring optical fiber bearing area; the optical fiber is arranged on the cantilever beam with double equal thicknesses and equal strength; the secondary sensitive element is an optical fiber Bragg grating which is provided with two sections of different grating distances axially separated by a preset distance on the optical fiber; the first Bragg grating is fixed on the bimetal temperature sensitization region, and the second Bragg grating is fixed on the pressure measuring optical fiber bearing region; the first Bragg grating and the second Bragg grating have different wavelengths and have wavelength difference. The optical fiber sensor has low cost and stable and reliable work, and can accurately detect the contact temperature, the pressure and the ambient temperature.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical fiber sensing, in particular to an optical fiber grating detection device and method for measuring pressure and temperature parameters.
Background
The Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensor has the characteristics of unique electromagnetic interference resistance, remote transmission capability and the like. The fiber grating sensor can be used for measuring various physical quantities such as pressure, temperature and the like. The method has great application value in the fields of composite material structure state monitoring, aerospace, robots and the like.
Aiming at the problem of cross sensitivity of pressure and temperature of the fiber bragg grating, the traditional solution method, namely the dual-wavelength matrix method, has the problem that two spectrum analyzers and a broadband light source are needed, and is limited in practical application.
In order to solve the problem of cross sensitivity of strain and temperature, chinese patent CN102235921A, chinese patent CN103411633A, etc. all disclose an optical fiber sensor for simultaneously measuring temperature and stress. The method using the reference fiber grating and the like is lack of practical application value due to the fact that the designed sensor is large in size and cannot measure the contact temperature.
The method for simultaneously detecting the temperature and the pressure of the optical fiber has the problems of high cost of the used measuring instrument, overlarge equipment volume and the like at the present stage to different degrees.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a fiber grating detection device and a fiber grating detection method for measuring pressure and temperature parameters. The device can measure the contact temperature, the pressure and the ambient temperature, the measurement result is accurate, the sensor is small in size, and the device can be used for measuring the pressure and the temperature of a small area.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a fiber grating detection device for measuring pressure and temperature parameters comprises an optical fiber, a primary sensitive element and a secondary sensitive element;
the primary sensitive element is a double-equal-thickness equal-strength cantilever beam which comprises a double-metal temperature sensitization area and a pressure measuring optical fiber bearing area;
the optical fiber is arranged on the cantilever beam with double equal thicknesses and equal strength;
the secondary sensitive element is an optical fiber Bragg grating which is provided with two sections of different grating distances axially separated by a preset distance on the optical fiber; the first Bragg grating is fixed on the bimetal temperature sensitization region, and the second Bragg grating is fixed on the pressure measuring optical fiber bearing region;
the first Bragg grating and the second Bragg grating have different wavelengths and have wavelength difference.
The double-equal-thickness equal-strength cantilever beam comprises a long plate and a short plate, wherein the long plate and the short plate are in shapes of which the widths gradually change from one end to the other end, the long plate is arranged on the short plate, and the widest ends of the long plate and the short plate are flush; the bimetallic temperature sensitization area is arranged at the narrowest end of the long plate, and the pressure measuring optical fiber bearing area is arranged on the long plate at the thickness change junction position of the double equal-thickness equal-strength cantilever beams.
The long plate and the short plate are fixed through glue.
The optical fiber is arranged along the axis of the cantilever beam with equal thickness and equal strength, and the optical fiber is arranged on the surface of the long plate.
The long plate is composed of an isosceles trapezoid structure and a rectangular structure, and the end part of the rectangle is the narrowest end; the short plate is composed of an isosceles trapezoid structure.
The bimetal temperature sensitization region comprises beam arms and a substrate which are made of metal materials, the two beam arms are arranged on the substrate, and the first Bragg grating is fixed between the two beam arms.
The thermal expansion coefficient of the material of the beam arm is smaller than that of the base material.
The beam arm is connected with the substrate through bolts.
The first Bragg grating and the second Bragg grating are fixed in an adhesive or welding mode.
The detection method of the fiber grating detection device for measuring the pressure and temperature parameters comprises the following steps:
the first Bragg grating measures different temperature intervals by setting the thermal expansion coefficient of the bimetal on the bimetal temperature sensitization area;
the relation between the wavelength difference and the pressure and the temperature is obtained through the double equal-thickness equal-strength cantilever beams, the influence of the contact temperature on the wavelength is eliminated, and the pressure and the ambient temperature are measured through the second Bragg grating.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the fiber grating detection device for measuring the pressure and temperature parameters, the optical fiber is arranged on the double equal-thickness equal-strength cantilever beam, and the double equal-thickness equal-strength cantilever beam is provided with the double-metal temperature sensitization area and the pressure measuring optical fiber bearing area; the first Bragg grating is fixed on the bimetal temperature sensitization area, and the second Bragg grating is fixed on the pressure measuring optical fiber bearing area; the present invention structurally eliminates the problem of cross-interference of the wavelengths of the optical fibers when measuring surface temperature and pressure. The fiber grating has simple layout structure and easy operation, and the measured surface temperature and stress have higher sensitivity.
The measuring method of the fiber grating detection device based on the double parameters of the pressure and the temperature can measure the contact temperature, the pressure and the ambient temperature, the measuring result is accurate, the sensor has small volume, and the fiber grating detection device can be used for measuring the pressure and the temperature in a small area.
Drawings
The conception, the specific structure and the technical effects of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings to fully understand the objects, the features and the effects of the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a side sectional view of a primary sensor-double cantilever beam with equal thickness
FIG. 2 top view of a primary sensor-double cantilever beam with equal thickness
FIG. 3 is a front view of a fiber grating detection device for measuring pressure and temperature parameters;
FIG. 4 is a top view of a fiber grating detection device for measuring pressure and temperature parameters.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below by way of specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The technical contents of the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be more clearly and easily understood by referring to the drawings attached to the specification. The present invention may be embodied in many different forms of embodiments and the scope of the invention is not limited to the embodiments set forth herein.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the fiber grating detection device for measuring two parameters of pressure and temperature of the present invention includes an optical fiber, a primary sensing element and a secondary sensing element;
the primary sensitive element is a double-equal-thickness equal-strength cantilever beam which comprises a double-metal temperature sensitization area and a pressure measuring optical fiber bearing area;
the optical fiber is arranged on the cantilever beam with double equal thicknesses and equal strength;
the secondary sensitive element is an optical fiber Bragg grating which is provided with two sections of different grating distances axially separated by a preset distance on the optical fiber; the first Bragg grating 7 is fixed on the bimetal temperature sensitization region, and the second Bragg grating 6 is fixed on the pressure measuring optical fiber bearing region;
the first bragg grating 7 and the second bragg grating 6 have different wavelengths and have a wavelength difference.
As a preferred embodiment, the double-equal-thickness equal-strength cantilever beam comprises a long plate 1 and a short plate 2, wherein the long plate 1 and the short plate 2 are both in a shape with the width gradually changed from one end to the other end, the long plate 1 is arranged on the short plate 2, and the widest ends of the long plate 1 and the short plate 2 are flush; the bimetallic temperature sensitization area is arranged at the narrowest end of the long plate 1, and the pressure measuring optical fiber bearing area is arranged on the long plate 1 at the thickness change junction position of the double equal-thickness equal-strength cantilever beams.
In a preferred embodiment, the optical fiber is arranged along the axis of the double uniform-thickness uniform-strength cantilever beam, and the optical fiber is arranged on the surface of the long plate 1.
As a preferred embodiment, the long plate 1 is composed of an isosceles trapezoid and a rectangle structure, and the end of the rectangle is the narrowest end; the short plate 2 is composed of an isosceles trapezoid structure.
As a preferred embodiment, the bimetal temperature sensitization region includes a beam arm 3 and a substrate 4 made of metal materials, the two beam arms 3 are disposed on the substrate 4, and the first bragg grating 7 is fixed between the two beam arms 3 and fixed to the first bragg grating 7.
In a preferred embodiment, the thermal expansion coefficient of the material of the beam arm 3 is smaller than that of the material of the substrate 4.
The principle of the detection device is as follows: two fiber Bragg gratings are arranged on one optical fiber at a certain distance, and the wavelengths of the two fiber Bragg gratings are different and have a certain wavelength difference. The first Bragg grating is fixed on a bimetal structure, and the temperature is sensitized and is not interfered by pressure. At the first Bragg grating, the beam arm is made of metal with a small thermal expansion coefficient, the substrate is made of metal with a large thermal expansion coefficient, and the beam arm is connected with the substrate through bolts; the second Bragg grating is fixed on two variable-thickness sides of the double-thickness cantilever beam structure, and the constant-strength beam is made of heat insulating materials and used for detecting the pressure and is not interfered by temperature. The optical fiber sensor has low cost and stable and reliable work, and can accurately detect the contact temperature, the pressure and the ambient temperature.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, a fiber grating detection device for measuring two parameters of pressure and temperature is composed of the following parts: an optical fiber, a long plate 1, a short plate 2 and two bolts 5. The shapes of the two plates are shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, a bimetal temperature sensitization area is fixed on the narrowest part of the long plate 1, and the pressure measuring optical fiber bearing area is the positive center position of the double equal-thickness equal-strength cantilever beams, namely the junction position of the long plate and the short plate in structure thickness change. The optical fiber has two sections of optical fiber gratings with different grating distances, the first Bragg grating 7 is fixed on the bimetal temperature sensitization area, and the second Bragg grating 6 is fixed on the pressure measuring optical fiber bearing area.
The principle is that two sections of fiber Bragg gratings with different grating distances are axially arranged on one optical fiber at a preset distance, and the demodulated wavelengths are different due to the different grating distances of the two fiber Bragg gratings and have a certain wavelength difference;
the primary sensitive element, namely the double equal-thickness equal-strength cantilever beam, shown in the attached figures 1, 2 and 3 comprises a bimetal temperature sensitization area and a pressure measuring optical fiber bearing area. The first Bragg grating 7 is fixed on the bimetal temperature sensitization area, and the second Bragg grating 6 is fixed on the pressure measuring optical fiber bearing area.
The primary sensitive element-double equal thickness equal strength cantilever beam of the invention is composed of a long plate 1 and a short plate 2, and a double metal temperature sensitization region is fixed at the narrowest end of the cantilever beam of the long plate 1.
The bimetal temperature sensitization region in the double-equal-thickness equal-strength cantilever beam consists of a beam arm 3 and a substrate 4. The beam arm 3 is made of metal with small thermal expansion coefficient, the substrate 4 is made of metal with large thermal expansion coefficient, and the beam arm 3 is connected with the substrate 4 through screws 5. The first Bragg grating 7 is fixed in the middle of the beam arm 3 and the first Bragg grating 7 is effectively fixed by glue.
The invention relates to a double-equal-thickness cantilever beam fixing mode, which comprises two plates: the long plate 1 and the short plate 2 are fixed by glue.
The pressure measuring optical fiber bearing area in the double equal-thickness equal-strength cantilever beam is characterized in that a second Bragg grating 6 is fixed at the boundary position (dotted line position) of the structural thickness change of the double equal-thickness equal-strength cantilever beam. The pressure is measured and the interference of the contact temperature can be eliminated.
When the grating is fixed, the pre-loosening length or pre-tensioning strain is set according to a measurement interval required by design.
The grating can be fixed by gluing, low-melting glass welding and the like.
Example 3
The invention also discloses a detection method of the fiber grating detection device for measuring the pressure and temperature parameters, which comprises the following steps:
the first Bragg grating 7 measures different temperature intervals by setting the thermal expansion coefficient of the bimetal on the bimetal temperature sensitization area;
the relation between the wavelength difference and the pressure and the temperature is obtained through the double equal-thickness equal-strength cantilever beams, the influence of the contact temperature on the wavelength is eliminated, and the pressure and the ambient temperature are measured through the second Bragg grating 6.
Example 4
As shown in fig. 4, the measurement principle of the present invention is as follows:
A. temperature measurement
After the fiber bragg grating is sensitized, when the ambient temperature changes, the sensitization structure can convert the temperature change into a deformation quantity to be transmitted to the fiber bragg grating, and the change of the return wavelength of the fiber bragg grating can be expressed as:
Δλb＝KTΔT+KS T(1)
in the formula, KTIs temperature sensitive coefficient, KSIs the strain sensitive coefficient.
When ambient temperature changes, because the expend with heat and contract with cold nature of metal, the metal can take place deformation, the vertical strain of grating this moment becomes:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,Tα, longitudinal strain of fiber grating under temperature change1Coefficient of thermal expansion of base metal, α2The thermal expansion coefficient of the metal of the beam arm, T is the length of the substrate of the sensitization structure, d is the length of a gap between the two beam arms, and delta T is the change of the ambient temperature.
T > d in the sensitization structure, the longitudinal strain of the grating becomes:
the response formula of the sensitized wavelength to the temperature is as follows:
Δλb＝K'SΔT (4)
of formula (II) K'sFor the sensitivity coefficient of the temperature sensor after sensitization,
B. pressure measurement
The structure of the second Bragg grating 6 is an isosceles trapezoid structure with the same thickness, and the structure is characterized by variable cross-sectional width. And a single FBG grating is placed at the boundary position of the thickness change of the structure to form double grating sensing. The pressure F acts on the vertex, and according to a material mechanics method, a bending moment formula corresponding to the cross section at the X position is as follows:
M＝F(L2-x) (5)
wherein M is a bending moment, F is a top pressure, and L2Is the length.
The relationship between the bending radius ρ of curvature of the surface at X and the bending moment is:
e is Young's modulus, IZIs the cross-sectional moment.
The strain along the X-axis is:
z is the distance from the intermediate interface.
The surface strain can be varied using a step thickness based on strain analysis of the base structure.
Since X is equal to L1The thickness is jumped, when 0 < X < L1, the thickness: h is h1+h2(h1＝h2) The distance Z from the intermediate interface is 0.5 (h)1+h2) Then the surface strain at that point becomes:
cross sectional distance
Width at X is
Then it is substituted into formula (8) to know the surface strain:
when L is1＜X＜L2The strain along the X-axis is:
from the above, it can be seen that the surface strain is independent of the position X, and the structure can achieve the equal strength effect.
The FBG (fiber Bragg grating) is adhered to the cantilever beam with equal strength, when the free end of the cantilever beam is stressed and the surface is strained, the grating of the optical fiber is uniformly compressed or stretched, and the change of the central wavelength of the grating reflection spectrum can be represented according to the characteristics of the FBG
PeIs the effective elasto-optic coefficient.
The FBG is adhered to the two sides of the variable thickness cantilever beam structure, when the FBG is subjected to a certain determined external force, the cantilever beam has two stretches or compresses with different strain strengths, the stress is different, and finally the FBG generates two wave crests of reflected waves.
Because the cantilever beam uses the heat insulation substrate, when the temperature changes, the double-thickness cantilever beam structure generates thermal strain and is provided with thermal expansion ETAnd the temperature change is Δ t, the same thermal strain is generated:
T＝ETΔt (12)
when the second bragg grating 6 is affected by pressure and ambient temperature, the change of the central wavelength of the reflection spectrum of the grating can be expressed as:
the wavelength variation of the fiber is:
the relationship between the external force F and the position of the two grating peaks formed by the FBG2 is as follows:
the relationship between the temperature change Δ t and the position of the double peak is as follows:
the tip pressure F is proportional to (Δ λ)2-Δλ1) The temperature change Δ t is proportional to the common mode function. The influence of the ambient temperature on the center wavelength of the second bragg grating can thus be distinguished.
The present invention structurally eliminates the problem of cross-interference of the wavelengths of the optical fibers when measuring surface temperature and stress. The fiber grating has simple layout structure and easy operation, and the measured contact temperature, pressure and ambient temperature have higher sensitivity.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can make modifications and equivalents to the specific embodiments of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which is set forth in the following claims.
Claims (8)
1. A fiber grating detection device for measuring pressure and temperature parameters is characterized by comprising an optical fiber, a primary sensitive element and a secondary sensitive element;
the primary sensitive element is a double-equal-thickness equal-strength cantilever beam which comprises a double-metal temperature sensitization area and a pressure measuring optical fiber bearing area;
the optical fiber is arranged on the cantilever beam with double equal thicknesses and equal strength;
the secondary sensitive element is an optical fiber Bragg grating which is provided with two sections of different grating distances axially separated by a preset distance on the optical fiber; the first Bragg grating (7) is fixed on the bimetal temperature sensitization region, and the second Bragg grating (6) is fixed on the pressure measuring optical fiber bearing region;
the first Bragg grating (7) and the second Bragg grating (6) have different wavelengths and have wavelength difference;
the double-equal-thickness equal-strength cantilever beam comprises a long plate (1) and a short plate (2), wherein the long plate (1) and the short plate (2) are in shapes with the width gradually changed from one end to the other end, the long plate (1) is arranged on the short plate (2), and the widest ends of the long plate (1) and the short plate (2) are parallel and level; the bimetallic temperature sensitization region is arranged at the narrowest end of the long plate (1), and the pressure measuring optical fiber bearing region is arranged on the long plate (1) at the thickness change junction position of the double equal-thickness equal-strength cantilever beams;
the bimetal temperature sensitization region comprises beam arms (3) and a substrate (4) which are made of metal materials, the two beam arms (3) are arranged on the substrate (4), and the first Bragg grating (7) is fixed between the two beam arms (3).
2. The fiber grating detection device for measuring the double parameters of pressure and temperature according to claim 1, wherein the long plate (1) and the short plate (2) are fixed by glue.
3. The fiber grating detection device for measuring the double parameters of the pressure and the temperature according to claim 1, wherein the optical fiber is arranged along the axis of the double constant-thickness constant-strength cantilever beam, and the optical fiber is arranged on the surface of the long plate (1).
4. The fiber grating detection device for measuring the double parameters of the pressure and the temperature according to claim 1, wherein the long plate (1) is composed of an isosceles trapezoid structure and a rectangular structure, and the end part of the rectangle is the narrowest end; the short plate (2) is composed of an isosceles trapezoid structure.
5. The fiber grating detection device for measuring the double parameters of pressure and temperature according to claim 1, wherein the thermal expansion coefficient of the material of the beam arm (3) is smaller than that of the material of the substrate (4).
6. The fiber grating detection device for measuring the double parameters of pressure and temperature according to claim 1, wherein the beam arm (3) is connected with the substrate (4) by a bolt (5).
7. The fiber grating detection device for measuring the double parameters of pressure and temperature according to claim 1, wherein the first bragg grating (7) and the second bragg grating (6) are fixed by gluing or welding.
8. The method for testing the fiber grating test device for measuring the pressure and temperature parameters as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the following steps:
the first Bragg grating (7) measures different temperature intervals by setting the thermal expansion coefficient of the bimetal on the bimetal temperature sensitization area;
the relation between the wavelength difference and the pressure and the temperature is obtained through the double equal-thickness equal-strength cantilever beams, the influence of the contact temperature on the wavelength is eliminated, and the pressure and the ambient temperature are measured through the second Bragg grating (6).
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| CN111174933A (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-05-19 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | FBG temperature sensor based on bimetal cantilever beam and application thereof |
| CN113063517B (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2022-08-23 | 中国移动通信集团山东有限公司 | Tire body monitoring device and tire body monitoring method |
| CN113358047B (en) * | 2021-05-25 | 2023-05-12 | 中交第二公路勘察设计研究院有限公司 | Bridge body deformation form measuring device and method based on inclination angle and vibration sensing mechanism |
| CN114046897A (en) * | 2021-10-15 | 2022-02-15 | 中交第一公路勘察设计研究院有限公司 | double-F-shaped fiber grating temperature sensor |
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