CN110527100A - Poly- phosphamide fire retardant and its preparation method and application - Google Patents
Poly- phosphamide fire retardant and its preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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- C08G79/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing atoms other than silicon, sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon with or without the latter elements in the main chain of the macromolecule
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- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
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- C08L67/00—Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of poly- phosphamide fire retardants and its preparation method and application.The poly- phosphamide fire retardant of the present invention has the general formula structure as shown in formula (I).Poly- phosphamide fire retardant provided by the invention is the new flame retardant for combining poly- phosphamide and double DOPO derivatives, combine the fire-retardant and DOPO fire-retardant advantage of the phosphorus nitrogen of poly- phosphamide, so that fire retardant of the present invention has high content of phosphorus, nitrogen content, high-fire resistance, the advantages of high charring rate and high residue amount, excellent fireproof performance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to flame retardant areas, in particular to a kind of poly- phosphamide fire retardant and preparation method thereof and answer
With.
Background technique
Although traditional halogenated flame retardant shows excellent flame retardant effect, but can be generated in combustion process it is a large amount of it is toxic,
Mordant hydrogen halide etc. increases raw smoke and flue gas toxity, therefore the trend of Fire Retardant Industry circle is exactly to seek now
It looks for high thermal stability, chemical stability, the halogen-free flame retardants of electrical property and high flame resistance.Phosphorus flame retardant is nothing at present
The first major class of halogen fire retardant, including be mostly inorganic matter such as red phosphorus or small organic molecule such as TPP etc., these fire retardants have or
Have concurrently: thermal stability is poor, volatility is larger, easy to migrate and polymer compatibility is poor, influences on polymer machinery physical property
The disadvantages of larger, limits its application.
In recent years, the polyphosphate of high relative molecular mass and poly- phosphamide are achieved at the flame-retardant modified aspect of polymer
Preferable effect.
The derivative of the miscellaneous -10- phospho hetero phenanthrene -10- oxide (DOPO) of 9,10- dihydro-9-oxy is also the more one kind of research
Phosphorus flame retardant.DOPO has rigid structure and stable phosphorus structure, so that the environmental protection with higher of the fire retardant containing DOPO
The advantages that discharging less flue gas in property, thermal stability and combustion process.DOPO because in structure contain P-H key, thus to double bond,
The great activity such as epoxy group and carbonyl can react and generate many DOPO derivatives, these derivatives have than general not cyclic
Machine phosphate has higher thermal stability and anti-flammability.Compared to phosphate, phosphoramide types fire-retardant composite material is burning
During can form bigger crossover network structure, make it there are more residual layer of charcoal to enhance solid phase flame retardant effect.Also,
Most of phosphate compound is not still able to satisfy the processing request of the higher polymer of processing temperature such as polyamide.
In view of this, the present invention is specifically proposed.
Summary of the invention
The first object of the present invention is to provide a kind of poly- phosphamide fire retardant.Flame retardance of polymer provided by the present invention
Agent, be using poly- phosphamide as molecular skeleton, and side chain introduce DOPO structure, molecular weight with higher can be effectively
The compatibility for improving fire retardant and basis material, and disperses fire retardant more uniformly in basis material, obtain compared with
While high fire-retardance efficiency, basis material can also maintain preferable mechanical property.
The second object of the present invention is to provide the preparation method of poly- phosphamide fire retardant described in one kind.
The third object of the present invention is to provide poly- phosphamide fire retardant described in one kind in the improvement of polymer flame resistance
Application.
The fourth object of the present invention is to provide a kind of polymer material that flame resistance improves.
In order to realize above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the following technical scheme is adopted:
A kind of poly- phosphamide fire retardant, the poly- phosphamide fire retardant have following general formula structure:
Wherein, in formula (I), wherein in formula (I), R1、R2、R'1、R'2It is independently the alkyl of C1-C12, C3-C6
Naphthenic base, the aryl of C5-C12, the alkylidene aryl of C6-C12 or the arlydene alkyl of C6-C12；A, b, a', b' distinguish
It is independently the integer of 0-4；
R3ForOrAny one of structure.
Meanwhile present invention provides a kind of preparation methods of poly- phosphamide fire retardant, comprising:
(a) willIt is reacted with 4,4'- diaminobenzophenone, obtains list
Body 1；
(b) monomer 1 is reacted with monomer 2, obtains phosphamide fire retardant；Wherein, monomer 2 is benzene phosphinylidyne dichloro, dichloride
Any one of two phosphoryl chloride phosphorus oxychloride of phenyl phosphate or pentaerythrite diphosphate rouge.
Further, the answering in the improvement of polymer flame resistance the present invention also provides the poly- phosphamide fire retardant of the present invention
With.
Likewise, present invention provides a kind of improved polymer material of flame resistance, the polymer material includes: poly-
Object material matrix is closed, and is doped in the poly- phosphamide fire retardant of the present invention of polymer material matrix.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the benefit that
(1) poly- phosphamide fire retardant provided by the invention is the novel resistance for combining poly- phosphamide and double DOPO derivatives
Agent is fired, the fire-retardant and DOPO fire-retardant advantage of the phosphorus nitrogen of poly- phosphamide is combined, so that fire retardant of the present invention contains with high phosphorus
The advantages of amount, nitrogen content, high-fire resistance, high charring rate and high residue amount, excellent fireproof performance.
(2) the poly- phosphamide flame retardant molecule amount of the present invention is higher, good with basis material compatibility, disperses in basis material
Property is good, so that basis material mechanical property is preferable.
(3) the poly- phosphamide fire retardant preparation method of the present invention is simple, and condition is easily controllable, and yield is relatively high and stable, product
Purity is high.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described.
Fig. 1 is the mass spectrogram of monomer 1 in embodiment 1；
Fig. 2 is the infrared spectrum of monomer 1 and target product in embodiment 1；
Fig. 3 is the thermogravimetric analysis figure of monomer 1 and target product in embodiment 1.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with embodiment, but those skilled in the art will
Understand, the following example is merely to illustrate the present invention, and is not construed as limiting the scope of the invention.It is not specified in embodiment specific
Condition person carries out according to conventional conditions or manufacturer's recommended conditions.Reagents or instruments used without specified manufacturer is
The conventional products that can be obtained by commercially available purchase.
In view of existing phosphorus flame retardant, the fire retardant of polyphosphate especially containing DOPO structure is in anti-flammability and polymerization
Deficiency present in object modification etc., the present invention provides a kind of poly- phosphoramide types fire retardants.
Specifically, polyamide flame retardant mechanism provided by the present invention is as follows:
In certain embodiments of the present invention, in polyamide flame retardant compound shown in formula (I), R1、R2、R3、R4Respectively
It is independently the alkyl of C1-C12, the naphthenic base of C3-C6, the aryl of C5-C12, the alkylidene aryl or C6-C12 of C6-C12
Arlydene alkyl；
Preferably, R1、R2、R'1、R'2It is independently the alkyl of C1-C6, such as R1、R2、R'1、R'2Independently
It can be methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl group, amyl, neopentyl, octyl, one of iso-octyl etc..
A, b, a', b' are independently the integer of 0-4, for example, a, b, c, d independently can be 0,1,2,3, or
Person 4.
R3 is(PPDC yl),(PDCP yl), or
Any one of (SPDPC yl) structure.
N is the integer of 3-20, for example, n can be 3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19
Or 20 etc..
Polyamide-based fire retardant has thermal stability high, and volatility is low, and due to hydrogen bond action and viscosity is higher, P-N association
Same-action can promote the formation of the crossover network in burning.These features can increase the density of whole system, make poly- phosphamide
It is polymer-modified to be more retained in the base in burning, generate more more stable layer of charcoal.It is provided by the present invention poly-
In amide fire retardant, DOPO and poly- phosphamide are organically combined, both comprehensive advantage, so that fire retardant has high content of phosphorus, nitrogen
The advantages of content, high-fire resistance, high charring rate and high residue amount, has good compatibility with high molecular polymer, in matrix
There is good dispersibility in material, can effectively improve the firing resistance of polymer material.
In currently preferred some embodiments, in the polyamide flame retardant compound as shown in above formula (I), R3For
SPDPC base.It is i.e. currently preferred to provide the flame retardant compound as shown in following formula (II):
In formula (II) compound, R1、R2、R'1、R'2It is independently the alkyl of C1-C12, the naphthenic base of C3-C6, C5-
The aryl of C12, the alkylidene aryl of C6-C12 or the arlydene alkyl of C6-C12；
Preferably, R1、R2、R3、R4It is independently the alkyl of C1-C6, such as R1、R2、R3、R4Independently can be with
For methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl group, amyl, neopentyl, octyl, one of iso-octyl etc..
A, b, a', b' are independently the integer of 0-4, for example, a, b, a', b' independently can be 0,1,2,3,
Or 4.
N is the integer of 3-20, for example, n can be 3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19
Or 20 etc..
In preferred some embodiments of the invention, provided poly- phosphamide flame retardant mechanism is as follows:
Wherein, in poly- phosphamide compound shown in formula (III), n is the integer of 3-20, for example, n can be 3,4,5,6,7,
8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19 or 20 etc..
Meanwhile the present invention also provides the preparation methods of the poly- phosphamide fire retardant of arbitrary structures as above, main includes such as
Lower step:
(a) willIt is reacted with 4,4'- diaminobenzophenone (DAPB),
Obtain monomer 1；
Specific reaction equation can refer to as follows:
Specific steps condition can refer to as follows:
In gas shield (nitrogen or the inert gas shielding such as helium, argon gas) and solvent-free presence (that is, this step
Reaction is without being added solvent) under the conditions of, after compound (i) is mixed with DAPB, 3-5h is reacted under the conditions of 180-200 DEG C；
Then, after completion of the reaction, solvent is added, so that product is precipitated, after product purification, obtains monomer 1.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the molar ratio of compound (i) and 4,4'- diaminobenzophenone is 6:1.
In some embodiments of the present invention, solvent for use is toluene.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the purifying has to carry out mashing washing for the crude product of Precipitation
Body includes successively carrying out mashing washing to crude product with tetrahydrofuran, methylene chloride and methanol.
(b) after dissolving monomer 1 and monomer 2 in a solvent, acid binding agent is added, is heated to 80-100 DEG C of reaction 6-8h；So
Afterwards, after product be precipitated precipitating being separated by filtration, product is washed and is purified, the poly- phosphamide fire retardant of target product is obtained.
In some embodiments of the present invention, monomer 2 is benzene phosphinylidyne dichloro, PhosphorodichloridicAcid Acid Phenyl Ester or pentaerythrite
Any one of two phosphoryl chloride phosphorus oxychloride of biphosphonate；
Preferably, monomer 2 is two phosphoryl chloride phosphorus oxychloride of pentaerythrite diphosphate rouge.
In some embodiments of the present invention, acid binding agent used is triethylamine, diethylamine, diisopropylethylamine and carbon
At least one of sour hydrogen sodium.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the molar ratio of monomer 1, monomer 2 and acid binding agent is 1:1:2.
In some embodiments of the present invention, solvent for use is the mixed solvent of one or both of DMF or DMAC.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the washing purifying be successively with methylene chloride, water and methanol to product into
Row washing purifying.
Further, the flame resistance that the poly- phosphamide fire retardant of the present invention can be further used for polymer material is improved,
Therefore, the present invention can also provide a kind of improved resin combination of flame resistance and a kind of polymerization with preferable flame resistance
Object material.
The raw material of the resin combination includes: the poly- phosphamide fire retardant of resin and the present invention to be modified, and optionally
Auxiliary agent；
In certain embodiments of the present invention, resin to be modified includes: PET, PLA, PP, ABS and nylon etc.；
In certain embodiments of the present invention, the auxiliary agent includes: synergist (graphite etc.), carbon forming agent (pentaerythrite
One or more of Deng) etc..
The improved method of polymer material flame resistance be referred to following steps progress: by poly- phosphamide fire retardant with polymerize
Object material is uniformly mixed, and then melting extrusion is granulated, so that poly- phosphamide fire retardant is doped into polymer material matrix, is realized
The flame resistance of polymer material is improved.
In certain embodiments of the present invention, can be used for modified polymer material includes: PET, PLA, PP, ABS, with
And nylon.
Embodiment 1
(1) in 500ml single necked round bottom flask, DOPO 64g (0.296mol), 4,4'- diaminobenzophenone is added
(DABP) 10.5g (0.049mol), bottleneck load onto constant pressure funnel, built-in 250mL deaerated toluene.
After replacing nitrogen, 180 DEG C are heated to, so that DOPO reacts 5 hours under solvent-free conditions with DABP.Reaction terminates
Afterwards, 120 DEG C are cooled to, toluene is added into system from constant pressure funnel, a large amount of yellow solids are precipitated.After filtering, by yellow
Solid successively with tetrahydrofuran, methylene chloride, methanol mashing washing, obtains white powder product monomer 1, yield 80%.
Reaction process is shown below:
1 Mass Spectrometer Method result of monomer is as shown in Figure 1, by Fig. 1 testing result it is found that 1 molecular weight detection result of gained monomer
Close with notional result, it is correct that the molecular ion peak at 627.15 demonstrates product.Thus it is able to verify that title intermediate chemical combination
The acquisition of object.
(2) in 2L single necked round bottom flask, 62.66g (0.1mol) monomer 1 is added, 32.3g (0.1mol) pentaerythrite is double
Two phosphoryl chloride phosphorus oxychloride of phosphate ester, triethylamine 20.2g (0.2mol, 27.7mL), dry DMF950mL are heated to 80 DEG C after replacing nitrogen
Reaction 5 hours, is precipitated a large amount of white solid products, after filtering, is successively washed with methylene chloride, methanol, obtain final product, produces
Rate 95%.
Reaction process is shown below:
The infrared spectrum control test result of gained target polymerization product and monomer 1 is as shown in Fig. 2, as shown in Figure 2: In
3200cm-1To 3500cm-1The variation of peak type illustrates-NH in monomer 12Group has occurred and that reaction；In 1700cm-1And 1300cm-1Place, it can be seen that monomer 1 respectively has more after polymerization reaction obtains polymerizate carrys out an absorption peak, respectively phosphorus in monomer 2
The stretching vibration peak of oxygen double bond and phosphorus oxygen singly-bound illustrates monomer 1 and monomer 2 successful polymerization.
Meanwhile the thermogravimetric control test result of polymerizate and monomer 1 is as shown in figure 3, from the figure 3, it may be seen that polymerizate
Decomposition temperature is 304 DEG C, and 700 DEG C of residual quantities are 32%, and the decomposition temperature of monomer 1 is 321 DEG C, and 700 DEG C of residual quantities are 18.3%.
Monomer 1 before fast decoupled, there is certain weightlessness because there is primary amine groups.Monomer 2 compared with monomer 1, thermal stability it is poor but
Phosphorus content is higher.So polymerizate is after introducing monomer 2, relative to monomer 1, decomposition temperature is lower, and residual quantity is higher.
Experimental example 1
By 50g product and 950g polylactic acid (PLA, row number: 4032d) after twin-screw extrusion, it is molded obtained fire retardant and contains
The test batten of amount 5%.Flame retardant test is measured through oxygen index instrument, and batten limit oxygen index is 31.7.It is surveyed through Vertical combustion instrument
Fixed, batten burning rank is V-0 grades.Mechanics Performance Testing is measured through pendulum impact test, and batten toughness is 2.15kj/m2。
It is measured through omnipotent test machine, batten tensile strength is 54.25MPa, tensile modulus of elasticity 587.56MPa.Batten bending strength
For 82.02Mpa, bending modulus 3213MPa.Thermodynamic property test, measures, batten temperature of initial decomposition through thermogravimetric analyzer
It is 346.8 DEG C, residual mass score is 1.6% when maximum decomposition temperature is 417.3 DEG C, 700 DEG C.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention., rather than its limitations；To the greatest extent
Pipe present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: its according to
So be possible to modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or to some or all of the technical features into
Row equivalent replacement；And these are modified or replaceed, various embodiments of the present invention technology that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution
The range of scheme.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of poly- phosphamide fire retardant, which is characterized in that the poly- phosphamide fire retardant has following general formula structure:
Wherein, in formula (I), R1、R2、R'1、R'2It is independently the alkyl of C1-C12, the naphthenic base of C3-C6, the virtue of C5-C12
Base, the alkylidene aryl of C6-C12 or the arlydene alkyl of C6-C12；
A, b, a', b' are independently the integer of 0-4；
R3ForOrAny one of structure；
N is the integer of 3-20.
2. poly- phosphamide fire retardant according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the poly- phosphamide fire retardant has as follows
General formula structure:
3. poly- phosphamide fire retardant according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the structure of the poly- phosphamide fire retardant is such as
Under:
4. the preparation method of poly- phosphamide fire retardant of any of claims 1-3 characterized by comprising
(a) willIt is reacted with 4,4'- diaminobenzophenone, obtains monomer 1；
(b) monomer 1 is reacted with monomer 2, obtains phosphamide fire retardant；
Wherein, monomer 2 is benzene phosphinylidyne dichloro, appointing in two phosphoryl chloride phosphorus oxychloride of PhosphorodichloridicAcid Acid Phenyl Ester or pentaerythrite diphosphate rouge
It is a kind of.
5. the preparation method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that step (a) includes the following steps:
By compound (i) and 4, reaction is heated after the mixing of 4'- diaminobenzophenone, obtains monomer 1；Then solvent is added, it will
After deposition and purification be precipitated, monomer 1 is obtained；
Preferably, the molar ratio of compound (i) and 4,4'- diaminobenzophenone is 6:1；
Preferably, reaction temperature is 180-200 DEG C, reaction time 3-5h；
It preferably, further include that solvent is added into system after heating reaction in the method, it then will be after deposition and purification be precipitated
The step of obtaining monomer 1；
It is furthermore preferred that the solvent includes toluene, at least one of dimethylbenzene and Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-dioxane；
It is furthermore preferred that purifying includes mashing washing；
It is furthermore preferred that mashing washing includes: successively to carry out mashing washing with tetrahydrofuran, methylene chloride and methanol.
6. the preparation method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that step (b) includes the following steps:
To dissolved with acid binding agent heating reaction in the solution of monomer 1 and monomer 2, is added, poly- phosphamide fire retardant is obtained；
Preferably, the molar ratio of monomer 1 and monomer 2 is 1:1；
Preferably, it includes: at least one of DMF and DMAC that monomer 1 and monomer 2, which dissolve solvent for use,；
Preferably, acid binding agent includes: at least one of triethylamine, diethylamine, diisopropylethylamine and sodium bicarbonate；
Preferably, acid binding agent and monomer 1, the molar ratio of monomer 2 are 1:1:2；
Preferably, the temperature for heating reaction is 80-100 DEG C, time 6-8h.
7. application of the poly- phosphamide fire retardant of any of claims 1-3 in the improvement of polymer flame resistance.
8. a kind of improved polymer material of flame resistance, which is characterized in that the polymer material includes: polymer material base
Body, and it is doped in the poly- phosphamide fire retardant of any of claims 1-3 of polymer material matrix.
9. a kind of improved resin combination of flame resistance, which is characterized in that the raw material of the resin combination includes:
Resin, poly- phosphamide fire retardant of any of claims 1-3 and optional auxiliary agent.
10. resin combination according to claim 9, which is characterized in that the resin includes: PET, PLA, PP, ABS,
And one or more of nylon.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2022035377A1 (en) * | 2020-08-12 | 2022-02-17 | Agency For Science, Technology And Research | A halogen-free synergist |
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