CN110524970B - 一种仿生鳞脚蜗牛复合材料结构及成形方法 - Google Patents

一种仿生鳞脚蜗牛复合材料结构及成形方法 Download PDF

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CN110524970B
CN110524970B CN201910815621.8A CN201910815621A CN110524970B CN 110524970 B CN110524970 B CN 110524970B CN 201910815621 A CN201910815621 A CN 201910815621A CN 110524970 B CN110524970 B CN 110524970B
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单忠德
孙正
吴晓川
张群
李志坤
战丽
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China Academy Of Machinery Science And Technology Group Co ltd
Beijing National Innovation Institute of Lightweight Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种仿生鳞脚蜗牛复合材料结构及其成形方法，是基于鳞脚蜗牛底部布满鳞片、中部柔性材料结构以及外部具有涂层结构坚硬保护壳的结构特性，该复合材料具有抵抗冲击、耐高温、高压的功能特性。本发明技术方案由外层、中间层和内层组成，并满足“硬—熔融—软”变化模式，外层承受高温、高压后会产生微裂纹，中间柔性层受热能够渗入外层层裂缝中，阻止裂纹进一步扩展，内层鳞片状结构在受到外载时能随机改变位置，延缓载荷的传递。本发明所制备的仿生鳞脚蜗牛复合材料具备抗冲击、耐高温、耐高压等优点。

Description

一种仿生鳞脚蜗牛复合材料结构及成形方法
技术领域
本发明涉及仿生制造领域，具体而言，涉及一种仿生鳞脚蜗牛复合材料结构及成形方法，用于复合材料耐高温、高压以及抗冲击领域。
背景技术
鳞脚蜗牛是一种生活在深海热喷口附近的软体动物，腹足布满鳞片，具备坚硬外壳，同时外层涂覆有硫化物，中间层主要由角质、蛋白质等柔性物质组成。每一层壳体对鳞脚蜗牛都有不同的防御效果，外壳涂有硫化物表层形成一个天然的盔甲，能够有效抵御冲击载荷以及捕食者，外层在受到冲击载荷时产生微裂纹；中间柔性层对机械冲击起到缓冲作用，柔性材料迅速进入裂痕，避免裂痕进一步延展，同时能够消散热量；内层鳞甲会随载荷的增加而改变形状，对载荷起到进一步的疏散缓解作用。
随着航空、航天的快速发展，对同时能够承受高温、高压、冲击载荷的材料性能与结构提出了更高的要求，这为复合材料的设计与制备提出了更苛刻的要求。如何实现既能抗高温、耐高压又能满足抗冲击的功能是目前亟需解决的问题。
鳞脚蜗牛具备的三层结构、不同层表现出不同的功能，同时质量轻、硬度高、韧性好，鳞脚蜗牛各层之间相互作用，结构特性上表现出“硬—熔融—软”变化模式，鳞脚蜗牛表现出的分层结构为复合材料新型结构的设计提供了崭新的设计思路。
发明内容
本发明为解决上述问题，实现复合材料构件耐高温、耐高压以及抗冲击的功能，进一步提升复合材料构件的性能，提出一种仿生鳞脚蜗牛复合材料结构及成形方法。
本发明采用如下的技术方案：
仿生鳞脚蜗牛复合材料结构包括硬质外层(1)、柔性中间层(2)和随动内层(3)；硬质外层(1)为三向正交结构复合材料，表层涂覆有涂层(5)；柔性中间层(2)为树脂基复合材料，树脂基体受热软化，具有一定流动性，能够进入硬质外层(1)产生的裂缝(4)中，阻止硬质外层(1)裂纹的扩展；随动内层(3)由一定数量多边形块状复合材料组成，复合材料多边形块随外载荷进行高度、位置调整，起到延缓载荷的传递的作用。
仿生鳞脚蜗牛复合材料结构的成形方法包括如下步骤：
S1：采用柔性导向三维织造成形工艺进行硬质外层(1)预制体的织造，Z向纤维预留指定长度，硬质外层(1)预制体织造完成后进行基体浸渍成形，浸渍后的Z向纤维变硬，形成导向阵列，在导向阵列对侧硬质外层(1)的外层涂覆涂层；
S2：以导向阵列为支撑，沿预留纤维缝隙铺放纤维，进行柔性中间层(2)预制体的织造，纤维层的铺放角度、铺放方式相同或不同，纤维铺放完成后进行柔性中间层(2)的树脂基体浸渍；
S3：选取指定数量、指定形状、指定尺寸的纤维增强复合材料多边形块，对复合材料多边形块进行打孔，通过金属丝、纤维束中的一种或多种进行复合材料多边形块的连接，完成随动内层(3)的成形；
S4：采用金属丝、金属网、纤维束、纤维织物中的一种或多种将随动内层(3)与预留的Z向纤维进行连接，完成仿生鳞脚蜗牛复合材料的制备。
进一步的，复合材料构件选取的纤维材质为碳纤维、碳化硅纤维、石英纤维、玄武岩纤维中的一种或几种，选取的基体材料是陶瓷、碳、热固性树脂、热塑性树脂、气凝胶中的一种或多种。
进一步的，硬质外层(1)的涂层是单组分涂层、多组分涂层、复合梯度涂层的一种或多种，涂层材料是碳、碳化硅、金属中的一种或多种。
进一步的，Z向纤维预留长度由仿生鳞脚蜗牛复合材料结构的厚度决定。
进一步的，复合材料多边形块选取的纤维是连续纤维、长纤维、短纤维中的一种或多种，选取的基体是金属、碳、树脂中的一种或多种。
进一步的，通过金属丝、纤维束中的一种或多种进行复合材料多边形块的连接，形成随动层，随动内层由指定数量随动层组成。
附图说明
图1示出了一种仿生鳞脚蜗牛复合材料结构示意图；
图2示出了一种仿生鳞脚蜗牛复合材料坚硬外层(1)结构示意图；
图3示出了一种仿生鳞脚蜗牛复合材料中间柔性层(2)结构示意图；
图4示出了一种仿生鳞脚蜗牛复合材料随动层(3)小方块浸渍基体相邻连接示意图。
具体实施方式
本实施案例的一种仿生鳞脚蜗牛复合材料结构及成形方法，所述的仿生鳞脚蜗牛复合材料结构包括硬质外层(1)、柔性中间层(2)和随动内层(3)；所述硬质外层(1)为三向正交结构复合材料，表层涂覆有涂层(5)；所述柔性中间层(2)为树脂基复合材料，所述树脂基体受热软化，具有一定流动性；所述随动内层(3)由一定数量多边形块状复合材料组成，所述复合材料多边形块随外载荷进行高度、位置调整，起到延缓载荷的传递的作用。
硬质外层(1)的轮廓尺寸为100mm×100mm×30mm，预制体结构为三向正交，所用纤维为东丽T300-3K纤维束，该三向正交结构预制体基于柔性导向三维织造成形工艺织造而成，同时，该结构预制体在织造过程中z向预留有20mm长度纤维，硬质外层1预制体织造完成后进行陶瓷基体复合材料的制备。预留长纤维(6)经过基体浸渍后纤维变硬，形成导向阵列，同时在硬质外层(1)的表层涂覆厚度约为0.1mm的抗氧化涂层。
以上述步骤所述的导向阵列为支撑，沿着预留纤维缝隙铺放纤维，进行柔性中间层(2)预制体的织造，铺放角度分别为0°、45°、-45°和90°，柔性中间层(2)的铺放厚度约为15mm，硬质外层(1)的纤维通道(6)剩余5mm，柔性中间层(2)铺放完成后进行树脂基体浸渍，本实施案例选用的数值基体为环氧树脂。
随动内层(3)单独成形，预制体结构为单层机织碳布，首先将碳布切割成10mm×10mm小方块(7)，机织碳布切割完成后进行碳基体浸渍，制备成碳基复合材料小块，完成随动内层(3)的成形。
对每个复合材料小块进行打孔，使用耐高温金属丝将每个复合材料小块连接起来，然后再与所述预留的Z向纤维通道(6)连接，完成仿生鳞脚蜗牛复合材料的制备。
本发明所述的具体实施方式并不构成对本申请范围的限制，凡是在本发明构思的精神和原则之内，本领域的专业人员能够作出的任何修改、等同替换和改进等均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (4)

1.一种仿生鳞脚蜗牛复合材料结构，其特征在于该结构包括硬质外层(1)、柔性中间层(2)和随动内层(3)；所述硬质外层(1)为三向正交结构复合材料，表层涂覆有涂层(5)；所述柔性中间层(2)为树脂基复合材料，所述树脂基体受热软化，具有一定流动性，能够进入硬质外层(1)产生的裂缝(4)中，阻止硬质外层(1)裂纹的扩展；所述随动内层(3)由一定数量多边形块状复合材料组成，所述多边形块状复合材料随外载荷进行高度、位置调整，起到延缓载荷的传递的作用。
2.一种仿生鳞脚蜗牛复合材料结构的成形方法，其特征在于，具体工艺包括如下步骤：
S1：采用柔性导向三维织造成形工艺进行硬质外层(1)预制体的织造，Z向纤维预留指定长度，所述硬质外层(1)预制体织造完成后进行基体浸渍成形，浸渍后的Z向纤维变硬，形成导向阵列，在所述硬质外层(1)的外层涂覆涂层；
S2：以步骤S1所述的导向阵列为支撑，沿预留纤维缝隙铺放纤维，进行柔性中间层(2)预制体的织造，纤维层的铺放角度、铺放方式相同或不同，纤维铺放完成后进行柔性中间层(2)的树脂基体浸渍；
S3：选取指定数量、指定形状、指定尺寸的纤维增强复合材料多边形块，对所述复合材料多边形块进行打孔，通过金属丝、纤维束中的一种或多种进行复合材料多边形块的连接，完成随动内层(3)的成形；
S4：采用金属丝、金属网、纤维束、纤维织物中的一种或多种将所述的随动内层(3)与所述预留的Z向纤维进行连接，完成仿生鳞脚蜗牛复合材料的制备。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种仿生鳞脚蜗牛复合材料结构的成形方法，其特征在于，Z向纤维预留长度由仿生鳞脚蜗牛复合材料结构的厚度决定。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种仿生鳞脚蜗牛复合材料结构的成形方法，其特征在于，通过金属丝、纤维束中的一种或多种进行复合材料多边形块的连接起来，构成一层随动层，所述随动内层(3)由指定数量随动层组成。
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CN202288625U (zh) * 2011-05-17 2012-07-04 上海华聆人工耳医疗科技有限公司 一种预弯型人工耳蜗电极
CN107985437A (zh) * 2017-12-01 2018-05-04 云南电网有限责任公司普洱供电局 一种输电走廊树障清理蠕动爬树机器人
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CN202288625U (zh) * 2011-05-17 2012-07-04 上海华聆人工耳医疗科技有限公司 一种预弯型人工耳蜗电极
EP3456913A1 (de) * 2017-09-19 2019-03-20 Ford Global Technologies, LLC Bionische sonnenschutzvorrichtung
CN107985437A (zh) * 2017-12-01 2018-05-04 云南电网有限责任公司普洱供电局 一种输电走廊树障清理蠕动爬树机器人

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