CN110524306B - System and method for establishing matching relationship between parts and cutting amount of cutter - Google Patents
System and method for establishing matching relationship between parts and cutting amount of cutter Download PDFInfo
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- CN110524306B CN110524306B CN201910815453.2A CN201910815453A CN110524306B CN 110524306 B CN110524306 B CN 110524306B CN 201910815453 A CN201910815453 A CN 201910815453A CN 110524306 B CN110524306 B CN 110524306B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q15/00—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work
- B23Q15/007—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work while the tool acts upon the workpiece
- B23Q15/013—Control or regulation of feed movement
- B23Q15/06—Control or regulation of feed movement according to measuring results produced by two or more gauging methods using different measuring principles, e.g. by both optical and mechanical gauging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/20—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring workpiece characteristics, e.g. contour, dimension, hardness
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/24—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools using optics or electromagnetic waves
- B23Q17/2452—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools using optics or electromagnetic waves for measuring features or for detecting a condition of machine parts, tools or workpieces
- B23Q17/2457—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools using optics or electromagnetic waves for measuring features or for detecting a condition of machine parts, tools or workpieces of tools
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- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Numerical Control (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a system and a method for establishing a matching relation between a part and cutting amount of a cutter, wherein the system comprises a numerical control machine tool, and a part surface machining quality detection head and a cutter geometric dimension detection head are arranged on the numerical control machine tool; the part surface machining quality detection head is used for detecting the surface quality of the part; the tool geometric dimension detection head is used for detecting the geometric dimension of the tool; the part surface machining quality detection head and the cutter geometric dimension detection head are connected with a computer; the computer processes the data detected by the part surface processing quality detecting head and the data of the cutter geometric dimension detecting head to obtain the functional relation between the part surface processing quality and the corresponding cutting amount, and the numerical control machine can select the corresponding optimal cutting amount according to different part processing quality requirements.
Description
Technical Field
The invention discloses a system and a method for establishing a matching relation between a part and cutting amount of a cutter.
Background
The inventor finds that the problem of cutting amount selection exists when the superhard cutter is adopted for machining at present, and the development process of machining is hindered. Firstly, due to the fact that materials to be machined are continuously updated, materials and shapes of cutters are continuously developed, a metal cutting manual has hysteresis on selection of cutting amount in the machining process, selection of cutting amount parameters cannot be updated in real time, and the development process of machining is hindered; secondly, advanced production and processing enterprises adopt superhard cutters to carry out mechanical processing, and continuous repeated tests are carried out by workshop operators, so that the optimal cutting consumption parameter is determined, and the method is time-consuming, labor-consuming and low in efficiency; thirdly, the superhard cutter is used as a new cutter, the standard is not standardized, the variety is various, the grades are not complete, and if the superhard cutter is used for the first time, the problem of selecting the cutting amount is necessarily encountered.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention relates to a system and a method for establishing a matching relation between parts and cutting amount of a cutter, which can effectively overcome the defects in the prior art and have the characteristics of high matching efficiency of superhard cutters, material saving, time saving and labor saving.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a system for establishing matching relation between cutting amount of parts and cutting amount of a cutter comprises a numerical control machine tool, wherein a part surface machining quality detection head and a cutter geometric dimension detection head are arranged on the numerical control machine tool; the part surface machining quality detection head is used for detecting the surface quality of the part; the tool geometric dimension detection head is used for detecting the geometric dimension of the tool; the part surface machining quality detection head and the cutter geometric dimension detection head are connected with a computer; the computer processes the data detected by the part surface processing quality detecting head and the data of the cutter geometric dimension detecting head to obtain the functional relation between the part surface processing quality and the corresponding cutting amount, and the functional relation is represented by a two-dimensional graph line.
As a further technical proposal, the part surface processing quality detection head comprises three first light sources and three first cameras, the three first light sources and the three first cameras are respectively arranged in X, Y, Z three directions of the space, and real-time high-frequency image pickup is carried out from a three-dimensional angle, so that the processing quality of the part can be detected from X, Y, Z three directions in real time.
Furthermore, the first light source and the first camera are both provided with a protection device.
As a further technical proposal, the tool geometric dimension detecting head comprises three second light sources and three second cameras, the three second light sources and the three second cameras are arranged in X, Y, Z three directions of space, and real-time high-frequency image pickup is carried out from a three-dimensional angle, so that the using state of the tool can be detected from X, Y, Z three directions in real time.
Furthermore, the second light source and the second camera are both provided with a protection device.
The control method by using the system comprises the following steps:
selecting the model and the processing mode of the superhard cutter by using computer machine tool program control software, and compiling a corresponding feed path; setting a change function of the cutting amount by using cutting amount adjusting software;
detecting the machined part and the superhard cutter from three directions of X, Y, Z by using a surface machining quality detection head and a cutter geometric dimension detection head respectively;
and importing real-time data obtained by the surface machining quality detection head and the cutter geometric dimension detection head into a computer, carrying out real-time calculation and analysis by the computer to obtain a functional relation between the surface machining quality of the part and the corresponding cutting amount, and expressing the functional relation by a two-dimensional graph.
The invention also provides a numerical control machine tool, which is provided with the two-dimensional graph of the matching relation between the cutting consumption of the parts and the cutting consumption of the cutter, which is established by the system disclosed above, and the numerical control machine tool selects the corresponding optimal cutting consumption from the two-dimensional graph according to different part processing quality requirements.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the system can enable an operator to select corresponding cutting amount leisurely by establishing the matching relation between the parts to be machined and the cutting amount of the cutter, and provides a standard for cutting of emerging cutters.
2. According to the invention, the part surface machining quality detection head and the cutter geometric dimension detection head are arranged on the numerical control machine tool, so that the cutting amount required by the part is respectively determined from two aspects, and the selection of the cutting amount is more accurate.
3. The invention collects and calculates the surface processing quality of the part and the working state of the superhard cutter through a computer; the method has the advantages that the manual operation is reduced while the accuracy is improved, and the problems of low efficiency and poor matching effect when the cutting amount is manually selected are avoided.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the application and are not intended to limit the application.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a numerically controlled machine tool detection device;
FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 are systematic diagrams of the relation between the cutting amount and the processing quality of an engine cylinder body and a cylinder cover processed by a DMU-70V numerical control machine tool;
in the figure: the device comprises a part surface machining quality detection head, a numerical control machine tool 2, a cutter geometric dimension detection head 3, a data acquisition and processing module 4, a cutting amount adjustment module 5, a cutter geometric dimension module 6, a machine tool program control module 7 and a computer 8.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", and/or "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof;
as described in the background art, in the prior art, firstly, in the milling process of the tool, due to the continuous update of the material to be processed and the continuous development of the material and the shape of the tool, the selection of the cutting amount in the processing process by a metal cutting manual has hysteresis, the selection of the cutting amount parameter cannot be updated in real time, and the development process of the machining process is hindered; secondly, advanced production and processing enterprises adopt superhard cutters to carry out milling processing, and continuous repeated tests are carried out by workshop operators, so that the optimal cutting consumption parameter is determined, and the method is time-consuming, labor-consuming and low in efficiency; thirdly, the superhard cutter is used as a new cutter, the standard is not standardized, the variety is various, the grades are not complete, and if the superhard cutter is used for the first time, the problem of selecting the cutting amount is necessarily encountered.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the system for establishing a matching relationship between a part and a cutting amount of a tool disclosed in this embodiment includes a hardware part and a software part, wherein the hardware part includes a part surface machining quality detection head 1, a numerical control machine 2, a tool geometric dimension detection head 3, and a computer 8;
the software part comprises a data acquisition and processing module 4, a cutting amount adjusting module 5, a tool geometric dimension data processing module 6 and a machine tool program control module 7.
The surface processing quality detection head 1 and the cutter geometric dimension detection head 3 are arranged on the numerical control machine 2, and the output ends of the surface processing quality detection head 1 and the cutter geometric dimension detection head 3 are connected to the computer 8;
the part surface machining quality detection head comprises three first light sources and three first cameras, wherein the three first light sources and the three first cameras are respectively arranged in X, Y, Z three directions of the part, real-time high-frequency image pickup is carried out from a three-dimensional angle, and the machining quality of the part can be detected in real time from X, Y, Z three directions.
Further, the first light source and the first camera are both provided with a protection device. The first light source can be an LED light source, and the first camera can be an existing CCD digital camera.
The tool geometric dimension detection head comprises three second light sources and three second cameras, the three second light sources and the three second cameras are arranged in X, Y, Z directions of the part, real-time high-frequency shooting is carried out from a three-dimensional angle, and therefore the using state of the tool can be detected from X, Y, Z three directions in real time.
Furthermore, the second light source and the second camera are both provided with a protection device. The second light source can be an LED light source, and the second camera can be an existing CCD digital camera.
A machine tool program control module 7 arranged in the computer 8 selects the model and the processing mode (such as milling, planing and grinding) of the corresponding superhard cutter to compile a corresponding feed path;
the cutting amount adjusting module 5 installed in the computer sets a change function of the cutting amount, wherein the change function is different due to different machining requirements, and is adjusted according to the actual production machining condition (for example, the change of the cutting amount function is slower during finish machining, and is faster during rough machining).
The part surface machining quality detection head and the tool geometric dimension detection head respectively detect the machined part and the superhard tool from X, Y, Z directions. And detecting corresponding parts of the cutter with the arc radius of the tool nose and the negative chamfer of the cutting edge.
Real-time data obtained by the two detection heads are imported into a computer, real-time calculation analysis (including filtering, detection, equalization, denoising, estimation and the like) is carried out through a data acquisition processing module and a tool geometric shape data processing module of the computer, a functional relation between the part surface machining quality and the corresponding cutting amount is obtained, and the functional relation is expressed by a two-dimensional graph line.
In practical use, an operator of the numerical control machine tool can directly process the workpiece by selecting the corresponding optimal cutting amount in the two-dimensional graph according to different part processing quality requirements.
The system described below is described below taking the superhard cutter machining an engine block cylinder head (vermicular cast iron material) as an example.
The cylinder body and cylinder cover are box parts with complex structure in the vehicle engine, and the main processing parts are planes and hole systems, and a plurality of oil ducts and various bolt holes are arranged at the same time. The main processing precision requirements of a certain brand of national six-engine cylinder body are as follows: the dimensional accuracy of each hole is IT7 grade, the finish machining surface roughness Ra0.8-1.6 mu m, the cylindricity is 0.007mm, and the coaxiality of the axis of each hole is not more than 0.015 mm; the flatness of each surface is 0.02-0.03 mm, the roughness of the rest surfaces is Ra1.6-6.3 mu m, and the dimensional tolerance is IT less than or equal to 0.1 mm.
In the machining process of the superhard cutter, although the machining part and the machining requirement are different, the principle of selecting the optimal cutting amount by using the system is not different aiming at the specific machining part and the specific machining requirement. Therefore, only the processing of the upper surface of the cylinder body is taken as an example, the processing requirements are that the flatness is 0.02-0.03 mm, the surface roughness is Ra1.6-6.3 μm, and the dimensional tolerance is IT less than or equal to 0.1 mm.
The system selects the corresponding optimal cutting amount based on a test method. Specifically explained below with reference to fig. 3, the engine block cylinder head is machined using a DMU-70V numerically controlled machine tool, resulting in a surface finish quality of 1 when a cut dose of 1 is used; when the cutting amount is 2, the surface processing quality is 2; when the cutting consumption 3 is adopted, the surface processing quality 3 & ltcng & gt is obtained; by analogy, several replicate experiments were performed. And the optimal cutting amount is obtained through the obtained surface processing quality and reverse deduction. In order to avoid a large number of repeated tests, the system assists the tests by means of computer technology, and the specific assistance method is as follows. Utilizing a mathematical tool to functionalize the cutting consumption 1, 2, 3. the functionalized cutting consumption is input into cutting consumption adjusting software, so that the numerical control machine tool is controlled to process according to the cutting consumption function; correspondingly, the data acquisition and processing software functionalizes the surface processing quality 1, 2, 3. the surface processing quality is processed, and the data is collated to make a two-dimensional conclusion graph. The two-dimensional conclusion graph therein is shown in general form in fig. 4 below (for illustration purposes only, to explain the principles).
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (5)
1. A method for establishing a relationship of a system for establishing a matching relationship of a part and a cutting amount of a cutter is characterized in that the system for establishing the matching relationship of the part and the cutting amount of the cutter comprises a numerical control machine, wherein a part surface machining quality detection head and a cutter geometric dimension detection head are arranged on the numerical control machine; the part surface machining quality detection head is used for detecting the surface quality of the part; the tool geometric dimension detection head is used for detecting the geometric dimension of the tool; the part surface machining quality detection head and the cutter geometric dimension detection head are connected with a computer; the computer processes the data detected by the part surface processing quality detection head and the data of the cutter geometric dimension detection head to obtain the functional relation between the part surface processing quality and the corresponding cutting amount; the tool geometric dimension detection head comprises three second light sources and three second cameras, the three second light sources and the three second cameras are arranged in X, Y, Z three directions of space, real-time high-frequency shooting is carried out from a three-dimensional angle, and therefore the using state of the tool can be detected from X, Y, Z three directions in real time;
the method for establishing the relationship based on the system comprises the following steps:
selecting the type and the processing mode of a cutter by using numerical control machine tool control software, and compiling a corresponding feed path; setting a change function of the cutting amount by using cutting amount adjusting software;
detecting the surface machining quality of the machined part and the geometric dimension of the cutter from X, Y, Z directions by using a surface machining quality detection head and a cutter geometric dimension detection head respectively;
and importing real-time data obtained by the surface machining quality detection head and the cutter geometric dimension detection head into a computer, carrying out real-time calculation and analysis by the computer to obtain a functional relation between the surface machining quality of the part and the corresponding cutting amount, and expressing the functional relation by a two-dimensional graph.
2. The method for establishing the relationship between the system for establishing the matching relationship between the cutting quantities of the part and the cutting tools as claimed in claim 1, wherein the part surface machining quality detection head comprises three first light sources and three first cameras, the three first light sources and the three first cameras are respectively arranged in X, Y, Z three directions of the space, and real-time high-frequency camera shooting is carried out from a three-dimensional angle, so that the machining quality of the part can be detected in real time from X, Y, Z three directions.
3. The method for establishing the relationship between the system for establishing the matching relationship between the cutting amount of the part and the cutting amount of the tool as claimed in claim 2, wherein a protection device is arranged outside the first light source and the first camera.
4. The method for establishing the relationship between the system for establishing the matching relationship between the cutting amount of the part and the cutting amount of the tool as claimed in claim 1, wherein a protection device is arranged outside the second light source and the second camera.
5. A numerically controlled machine tool equipped with a two-dimensional graph of the matching relationship between the cutting quantities of parts and tools created by the system of claim 1, wherein the numerically controlled machine tool selects the optimum cutting quantity from the two-dimensional graph according to different requirements of the quality of the machined parts.
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| CN101879691B (en) * | 2010-06-25 | 2012-03-07 | 北京航空航天大学 | Abrasion detection device of mixed type rotary cutter |
| CN103076336A (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2013-05-01 | 罗炳军 | Object surface quality detector |
| CN103198186B (en) * | 2013-03-29 | 2015-07-08 | 南京航空航天大学 | Aircraft structural part cutting parameter optimization method based on characteristics |
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