CN110518362A - A kind of microstrip antenna and application based on metamaterial - Google Patents
A kind of microstrip antenna and application based on metamaterial Download PDFInfo
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- CN110518362A CN110518362A CN201910828335.5A CN201910828335A CN110518362A CN 110518362 A CN110518362 A CN 110518362A CN 201910828335 A CN201910828335 A CN 201910828335A CN 110518362 A CN110518362 A CN 110518362A
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- slab
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/20—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/206—Microstrip transmission line antennas
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
Abstract
Present disclose provides a kind of microstrip antenna based on metamaterial and applications, and including the three-decker successively laid from top to bottom, first layer is metal radiation patch, and the second layer is substrate, and third layer is metal ground plate;The substrate includes three layers successively laid from top to bottom, and first layer is dielectric-slab, and the second layer includes multiple non-touching metal patches, and third layer is dielectric-slab;The metal radiation patch of the first layer is fed by microstrip line or probe.The disclosure realizes the effective dielectric constant of superelevation using metamaterial, so that substitute medium plate realizes the miniaturization of antenna.With good antenna radiation performance and directionality.
Description
Technical field
The disclosure belongs to microstrip antenna technical field, and in particular to a kind of microstrip antenna and application based on metamaterial.
Background technique
Only there is provided background technical informations relevant to the disclosure for the statement of this part, it is not necessary to so constitute first skill
Art.
With the popularization of wireless transmission application, the requirement to antenna also promotes therewith, due in certain practical applications,
Antenna must be integrated in multiple equipment (such as honeycomb, WLAN, geo-location, radio broadcaster), and need to dispose
At multiple places (such as airport, office, market, underground), while many equipment are also required to use miniature antenna, such as hand
Machine, laptop, personal digital assistant, automobile, wrist-watch etc., in this case, user wishes to use as far as possible may be small
Antenna is in order to wireless device convenient to use.In addition, the antenna of miniaturization helps to reduce at the access point of base station and equipment
Influence of the ambient enviroment to wireless network facility.
The one kind of microstrip antenna as miniature antenna, is used extensively in wireless transmissions, still, according to inventor
Understand, when communication apparatus work is when compared with low-frequency range, if using traditional design method (as using high dielectric constant substrate,
Crack, short circuit load, additional active electric network, anisotropic patch etc.), it is bound to cause that microstrip antenna size is bigger than normal, this will be serious
Restrict the integrated of whole system;Meanwhile traditional microstrip antenna designs have many limitations, such as polarization purity is poor, parasitism feedback
Electric radiation is big etc., and patch size will meet the half of operation wavelength, and extra small size etc. is difficult to realize in low frequency, these limitations
Huge obstruction is brought to the design of microstrip antenna.
Summary of the invention
The disclosure to solve the above-mentioned problems, proposes a kind of microstrip antenna based on metamaterial and application, the disclosure
The effective dielectric constant of superelevation is realized using metamaterial, so that substitute medium plate realizes the miniaturization of antenna.
According to some embodiments, the disclosure is adopted the following technical scheme that
First purpose of the disclosure is to provide a kind of metamaterial cellular construction, including at least three layers, and upper layer is certain thick
The dielectric-slab of degree, middle layer are metal patch, and lower layer is certain thickness dielectric-slab, and the edge of the metal patch is no more than upper
The dielectric-slab edge of layer and lower layer.
The disclosure utilizes the dielectric-slab and metal layer compared with low-refraction, and by said structure design, composition has equivalent Jie
The metamaterial of electric constant.
It is limited as further, the shape of the metal patch can be optional, can be regular or irregular shape, such as
Rectangular, hexagon, pentagon, triangle, circle, trapezoidal or other polygons or arcuate shape.
It is limited as further, the dielectric constant of the dielectric-slab is less than 6.
It is limited as further, the metamaterial structural unit is sub-wavelength structure, and the size of cellular construction is less than
The 1/10 of operation wavelength.
Limited as further, the dielectric-slab it is preferably rectangular in shape or square.This setup can
When guarantee facilitates processing and later period microstrip antenna to prepare, the ordered arrangement of multiple metamaterial cellular constructions.
Second purpose of the disclosure is to provide a kind of metamaterial, including the above-mentioned metamaterial unit knot in matrix arrangement
Structure, and connectionless part between the metal patch of adjacent metamaterial cellular construction.
I.e. without any contact between the metal patch of metamaterial cellular construction.
The third purpose of the disclosure is to provide a kind of microstrip antenna based on metamaterial, including successively lays from top to bottom
Three-decker, each layer is closely pressed together on together, between layers without gap;First layer is metal radiation patch, the second layer
For substrate, the substrate is above-mentioned metamaterial, and third layer is metal ground plate;
The metal radiation patch of the first layer is fed by microstrip line or probe.
Metamaterial can have the effective dielectric constant of superelevation, using the metamaterial as the substrate of microstrip antenna,
It can realize the subminaturization of microstrip antenna.
It is limited as further, the probe and metal radiation patch are coaxially disposed.
4th purpose of the disclosure is to provide a kind of microstrip antenna based on metamaterial, including successively lays from top to bottom
Three-decker, first layer be metal radiation patch, the second layer is substrate, and third layer is metal ground plate, and each layer closely presses
Together, between layers without gap;
The substrate includes three layers successively laid from top to bottom, and first layer is dielectric-slab, the second layer include it is multiple mutually not
The metal patch of contact, third layer are dielectric-slab;
The metal radiation patch of the first layer is fed by microstrip line or probe.
It is limited as further, the shape of the metal patch can be the same or different.
Metal radiation patch and metal ground plate are using conductive thin metal layer structure.Metal radiation patch size is much smaller than
Operation wavelength, metal radiation patch can be square, rectangle, round and irregular laminated structure, preferably rectangle.
5th purpose of the disclosure is to provide the application based on above-mentioned microstrip antenna, specifically:
A kind of electronic product, including above-mentioned microstrip antenna.
A kind of communication apparatus, including above-mentioned microstrip antenna.
Including but not limited to mobile phone, laptop, automobile, wrist-watch, plate, intercom etc..
Compared with prior art, the disclosure has the beneficial effect that
When the disclosure has broken traditional antenna preparation when the thickness of working frequency and dielectric-slab determines, the dielectric of dielectric-slab
Constant is bigger, and the size of radiation metal patch will be smaller, the dielectric constant of dielectric board material be it is fixed, can not accomplish very big
Dielectric constant inherent limitations, using metamaterial structural unit periodic arrangement form metamaterial, metamaterial
The effective dielectric constant that can have superelevation, using the metamaterial as the substrate of microstrip antenna, so that it may realize micro-strip day
The subminaturization of line.
The disclosure has precision height, economizes on resources, is at low cost, and preparation process is simple, and the microstrip antenna constituted is with small
The characteristics of type, while there is good radiance and directionality.
Detailed description of the invention
The Figure of description for constituting a part of this disclosure is used to provide further understanding of the disclosure, and the disclosure is shown
Meaning property embodiment and its explanation do not constitute the improper restriction to the disclosure for explaining the disclosure.
Fig. 1 is microstrip antenna structure schematic illustration;
Fig. 2 (a)-(g) is the metamaterial structural unit of multiple embodiments;
Fig. 3 is the microstrip antenna structure schematic diagram of an embodiment;
Fig. 4 is the antenna structure explosive view of an embodiment;
Fig. 5 is the effective dielectric constant schematic diagram of metamaterial;
Fig. 6 is the antenna S of an embodiment11Schematic diagram;
Fig. 7 (a), (b) are the actual gain directional diagrams of different antennae.
Specific embodiment:
The disclosure is described further with embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawing.
It is noted that following detailed description is all illustrative, it is intended to provide further instruction to the disclosure.Unless another
It indicates, all technical and scientific terms used herein has usual with disclosure person of an ordinary skill in the technical field
The identical meanings of understanding.
It should be noted that term used herein above is merely to describe specific embodiment, and be not intended to restricted root
According to the illustrative embodiments of the disclosure.As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, otherwise singular
Also it is intended to include plural form, additionally, it should be understood that, when in the present specification using term "comprising" and/or " packet
Include " when, indicate existing characteristics, step, operation, device, component and/or their combination.
In the disclosure, term for example "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "vertical", "horizontal", " side ",
The orientation or positional relationship of the instructions such as "bottom" is to be based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, only to facilitate describing this public affairs
The relative for opening each component or component structure relationship and determination, not refers in particular to either component or element in the disclosure, cannot understand
For the limitation to the disclosure.
In the disclosure, term such as " affixed ", " connected ", " connection " be shall be understood in a broad sense, and indicate may be a fixed connection,
It is also possible to be integrally connected or is detachably connected;It can be directly connected, it can also be indirectly connected through an intermediary.For
The related scientific research of this field or technical staff can determine the concrete meaning of above-mentioned term in the disclosure as the case may be,
It should not be understood as the limitation to the disclosure.
As described in the background art, currently, the miniaturization technology of microstrip antenna mainly use high dielectric constant substrate,
Crack, short circuit load, additional active electric network, anisotropic patch etc., but these technologies be not it is perfect in every way, always bring
Such or such loss, so that mutually being restricted between the indices of microstrip antenna.In existing microstrip antenna structure
The size of basic unit can usually compare with the wavelength of electromagnetic wave, realize the regulation to electromagnetic wave, be mainly derived from electromagnetic wave
Multiple Bragg diffraction mechanism, causes its size that can not break through diffraction limit.
Metamaterial is a kind of artificial micro-structure material, is made of the cellular construction of sub-wavelength dimensions, be may be implemented pair
The unusual regulation of electromagnetic wave.Since the specific regulatory to electromagnetic wave, metamaterial antenna may be implemented in microwave section in metamaterial
Why there is natural material and the unexistent unusual electromagnetic property of conventional microstrip antenna, is since metamaterial is to electromagnetic wave
Regulation is mainly derived from the locally resonant coupling mechanism of electromagnetic field in structure.This mechanism causes the field strength extreme value of electromagnetic wave usual
The interface between the basic unit in metamaterial is appeared in, so that the size of the basic unit of metamaterial is to electromagnetic wave wave
Long change is insensitive, therefore the size of the basic unit in metamaterial can be much smaller than the wavelength of electromagnetic wave.
As shown in Figure 1, microstrip antenna is to enclose thin metal layer on one side as earth plate, separately on a thin-medium substrate
The metal patch of certain shapes is made of photoetching caustic solution on one side, patch is constituted using microstrip line or coaxial probe
Antenna.
The length L and width W of its radiation patch can use the dielectric constant of dielectric-slab and thickness and working frequency are come
It calculates, calculation formula is as follows:
It can be seen that the size of micro-strip paster antenna, is determined by the dielectric constant and thickness and working frequency of dielectric-slab
, it is seen that when the thickness of working frequency and dielectric-slab determines, the dielectric constant of dielectric-slab is bigger, the size of radiation metal patch
It will be smaller.
The dielectric constant of traditional dielectric board material be it is fixed, can not accomplish very big dielectric constant.But super structure material
Material is designed by special structure as a kind of new material with special electromagnetic property, it is normal that very big dielectric may be implemented
Number.So the disclosure is using the metamaterial with superelevation effective dielectric constant as the dielectric-slab of microstrip antenna, so that it may real
The miniaturization of existing microstrip antenna.
As shown in Fig. 2 (a), a kind of design method of metamaterial with superelevation effective dielectric constant, super structure are proposed
Material by the metamaterial cellular construction period arrangement constitute, metamaterial cellular construction as shown, cellular construction by three layers of machine
Structure composition, top layer are made of certain thickness square dielectric-slab, and middle layer is a metal patch, and lower layer is by certain thickness
Square dielectric-slab composition.When cellular construction periodic arrangement, connectionless part, such as Fig. 2 are ensured between metal patch
(b)-(g) shape of metal patch can be rectangular, hexagon, and pentagon, triangle is round, regular shape or irregular shape.Benefit
Metamaterial, equivalent Jie that can have superelevation of metamaterial can be formed with the metamaterial structural unit periodic arrangement
Electric constant, using the metamaterial as the substrate of microstrip antenna, so that it may realize the subminaturization of microstrip antenna.
Dielectric-slab uses the constant low-loss high frequency medium plate of market-ripe, and dielectric-slab can choose any dielectric constant, root
According to cost control, preferably dielectric-slab of the dielectric constant less than 6.Because the effective dielectric constant of metamaterial is mainly by super structure material
The structural parameter control of material list meta structure is designed by above-mentioned structure using the lower dielectric-slab of dielectric constant, still can be with
Realize the metamaterial of equivalent cant dielectric constant.Certainly, using the dielectric-slab of high dielectric constant, day can be further decreased
The size of line.
Dielectric-slab with a thickness of sub-wavelength thickness (less than the 1/10 of operation wavelength), every thickness degree of preferably dielectric-slab is small
In 3 millimeters.The thickness of dielectric-slab and the working frequency of metamaterial have certain design relation, when the length of metamaterial unit
When the dielectric constant of the wide, size of metal patch structure and dielectric-slab determines, increase the thickness of dielectric-slab, the work of metamaterial
Frequency can reduce the thickness of dielectric-slab, the working frequency of metamaterial can be to high frequency offset to low frequency offset.
The structure of the antenna of formation shows that as shown in Figure 3, Figure 4, which is made of three-decker, and top layer is rectangular metal spoke
Patch is penetrated, the metamaterial that middle layer is made of metamaterial cellular construction periodic arrangement, bottom is metal ground plate, benefit
With microstrip line or coaxial probe to patch, which may be implemented the miniaturization of microstrip antenna.
Metal radiation patch and metal ground plate are using conductive thin metal layer structure.Metal radiation patch size is much smaller than
Operation wavelength, metal radiation patch can be square, rectangle, round and irregular laminated structure, preferably rectangle.
In order to confirm the validity of the disclosure, using CST electromagnetic simulation software, a real case is calculated, antenna
Working frequency is 2.2GHz, and antenna is made of three-decker, and superstructure is a metal rectangular patch, rectangular metal patch
Length is only 7.2mm, and width is only 5.3mm, the super structure material that middle layer is made of 2 × 2 metamaterial unit periods arrangements
Material, lower layer are the bottom plates that metal layer is constituted.The metamaterial of middle layer is to consist of three parts, and first layer is with a thickness of 2mm
The medium plate that dielectric constant is 6, the second layer is 2 × 2 square metal patches, and third layer is the dielectric constant with a thickness of 3mm
For 6 dielectric-slab.The overall volume of antenna is only 24mm × 24mm × 5mm (length × width × height).The whole ruler of the new antenna
Very little is only 1/5th of identical frequency conventional microstrip antenna.
As shown in figure 5, passing through the effective dielectric constant of the available metamaterial of simulation calculation, can be seen by calculating
It arrives, effective dielectric constant of the metamaterial in 1GHz-3.0GHz has been above 125.Equivalent superelevation etc. may be implemented in the structure
Imitate dielectric constant.
As shown in fig. 6, antenna has the smallest return loss in 2.2GHz, return loss is less than -19dB, so the antenna
It good can work in 2.2GHz frequency.
As shown in Fig. 7 (a)-(b), by simulation calculation, the antenna can also be obtained in the actual gain side of 2.2GHz
Xiang Tu.The gain of H-Plane antenna can reach 3.38dBi, deflection 91.7deg.The gain of E-Plane antenna can reach
To 3.38dBi, deflection 132.5deg.By directional diagram as can be seen that the antenna has good directionality.Therefore, originally
Also there is good antenna radiation performance under the most minimum size of the open antenna provided.
The foregoing is merely preferred embodiment of the present disclosure, are not limited to the disclosure, for the skill of this field
For art personnel, the disclosure can have various modifications and variations.It is all within the spirit and principle of the disclosure, it is made any to repair
Change, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should be included within the protection scope of the disclosure.
Although above-mentioned be described in conjunction with specific embodiment of the attached drawing to the disclosure, model not is protected to the disclosure
The limitation enclosed, those skilled in the art should understand that, on the basis of the technical solution of the disclosure, those skilled in the art are not
Need to make the creative labor the various modifications or changes that can be made still within the protection scope of the disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of metamaterial cellular construction, it is characterized in that: including at least three layers, upper layer is certain thickness dielectric-slab, intermediate
Layer is metal patch, and lower layer is certain thickness dielectric-slab, and the edge of the metal patch is no more than the medium of the upper and lower
Edges of boards edge.
2. a kind of metamaterial cellular construction as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the shape of the metal patch include but
It is not limited to rectangular, hexagon, pentagon, triangle, circle, trapezoidal, polygon or arcuate shape;
Or, the shape of the dielectric-slab is rectangular or square.
3. a kind of metamaterial cellular construction as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the dielectric constant of the dielectric-slab is less than
6。
4. a kind of metamaterial cellular construction as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the metamaterial structural unit is Asia
Wavelength structure, the size of cellular construction are less than the 1/10 of operation wavelength.
5. a kind of metamaterial, it is characterized in that: including the metamaterial of any of claims 1-4 in matrix arrangement
Cellular construction, and connectionless part between the metal patch of adjacent metamaterial cellular construction.
6. a kind of microstrip antenna based on metamaterial, it is characterized in that: including the three-decker successively laid from top to bottom, first
Layer is metal radiation patch, and the second layer is substrate, and the substrate is metamaterial described in claim 5, and third layer is metal
Earth plate, each layer is closely pressed together on together, between layers without gap;
The metal radiation patch of the first layer is fed by microstrip line or probe.
7. a kind of microstrip antenna based on metamaterial as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that: the probe and metal radiation
Patch coaxial arrangement.
8. a kind of microstrip antenna based on metamaterial, it is characterized in that: including the three-decker successively laid from top to bottom, first
Layer is metal radiation patch, and the second layer is substrate, and third layer is metal ground plate, and each layer is closely pressed together on together, layer and layer it
Between without gap;
The substrate includes three layers successively laid from top to bottom, and first layer is dielectric-slab, and the second layer includes multiple is not in contact with each other
Metal patch, third layer is dielectric-slab;
The metal radiation patch of the first layer is fed by microstrip line or probe.
9. a kind of microstrip antenna based on metamaterial as described in any one of claim 6-8, it is characterized in that: the metal
The shape of patch can be the same or different.
10. a kind of electronic product/communication apparatus is based on metamaterial including one kind as described in any one of claim 6-9
Microstrip antenna.
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CN114284668A (en) * | 2021-12-06 | 2022-04-05 | 上海大学 | Novel miniaturized super-structure microstrip line with equivalent high dielectric constant |
CN114824828A (en) * | 2022-05-07 | 2022-07-29 | 电子科技大学 | Narrowband wave absorber based on inverted cross-shaped star structure |
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CN114824828A (en) * | 2022-05-07 | 2022-07-29 | 电子科技大学 | Narrowband wave absorber based on inverted cross-shaped star structure |
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