CN110518323B - Pi-branch-based four-band unequal power division Gysel power divider - Google Patents
Pi-branch-based four-band unequal power division Gysel power divider Download PDFInfo
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- CN110518323B CN110518323B CN201910718843.8A CN201910718843A CN110518323B CN 110518323 B CN110518323 B CN 110518323B CN 201910718843 A CN201910718843 A CN 201910718843A CN 110518323 B CN110518323 B CN 110518323B
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Abstract
The invention provides a Pi-type branch-based four-band unequal power division Gysel power divider, aiming at increasing the number of working frequency bands of the unequal power division Gysel power divider so as to adapt to the working requirements of a multi-band communication system; the broadband dual-mode broadband antenna comprises a dielectric substrate, a metal bottom plate printed on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate, an input feeder line, two output feeder lines and two pi-shaped branches which are printed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate in a mirror symmetry mode, wherein one end of each pi-shaped branch is connected with an isolation element, the input feeder line and each output feeder line, and one output feeder line and one isolation element are connected through a quarter-wavelength impedance converter respectively, the width of the quarter-wavelength impedance converter connected between one output feeder line and the input feeder line is equal to that of the quarter-wavelength impedance converter connected between the other output feeder line and the isolation element, and the widths of the quarter-wavelength impedance converters connected between the two output feeder lines and the input feeder line are different.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of microwave and radio frequency, relates to a four-band unequal power division Gysel power divider, in particular to a pi-type branch-based four-band unequal power division Gysel power divider, and can be applied to a radio frequency front end of a wireless communication system.
Background
The Gysel power divider is an important passive device in a microwave radio frequency circuit, has the function of power distribution or combination, is an improved structure on the basis of a Wilkinson power divider, can realize the matching of all ports, and also can lead a load port to be introduced to ground an isolation load so as to overcome the defect that the Wilkinson structure cannot sufficiently dissipate heat, thereby being widely applied to radio frequency circuits such as a high-power amplifier, a frequency mixer, an antenna array and the like.
According to different energy distribution proportions, the Gysel power divider has two types of equal power division and unequal power division. The equal power division Gysel power divider realizes equal power output at each output port. However, in many communication system applications, the Gysel power divider is urgently required to output unequal power, especially in an antenna array, unequal power division feeding can effectively suppress an excessive side lobe level of an antenna, an attenuator in a feeding network is omitted, and loss and cost can be greatly reduced. On the other hand, with the rapid development of wireless communication, in order to fully utilize spectrum resources, increase signal transmission rate, and enhance system reliability, the application of dual-band and multi-band communication circuits is becoming more common, and it is required that the Gysel power divider can simultaneously operate in a plurality of frequency bands, such as two or more frequency bands. The multi-band structure is introduced into the unequal power distribution Gysel power divider, so that the multi-function of the multi-band terminal equipment can be met, the circuit structure can be simplified, the size can be reduced, and the miniaturization of a system can be realized. Therefore, the design of unequal power division Gysel power dividers with a plurality of operating frequency bands attracts more and more researchers, and many scholars are invested in the research and popularization of the multi-band unequal power division Gysel power dividers. However, currently, the research on the multi-band unequal power division Gysel power divider mainly focuses on the dual-band unequal power division Gysel power divider. There is no other research report on the design of the unequal power division Gysel power divider with more than two frequency bands, which greatly limits the use and popularization of the Gysel power divider in wireless communication.
For example, an article entitled "Dual band differential power with high power splitting ratio" published by Microwave and Optical Technology Letters (vol.59, No.10, March 2017) by Gai C et al proposes a Dual band differential power splitting Gysel power splitter, which includes three ports, six branch transmission lines, three open-circuit branches and two ground isolation resistors, and realizes the design of a Dual band Gysel power splitter by replacing a half-wavelength transmission line between two load ports with three open-circuit branches. However, the unequal Gysel power divider can only work in two frequency bands simultaneously, cannot meet the working requirements of multi-frequency terminal equipment with three or more frequencies, adopts a structure with a plurality of defect places, destroys the integrity of the metal place, and has a complex structure, so that the unequal Gysel power divider is limited in practical application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, provides a pi-type branch-based four-band unequal power division Gysel power divider, and aims to increase the number of working frequency bands of the unequal power division Gysel power divider so as to adapt to the working requirements of a multi-band communication system.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention comprises a dielectric substrate 1, wherein a metal bottom plate 2 is printed on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 1, an input feeder line 3, two output feeder lines 4 and two pi-shaped branches 5 which are in mirror symmetry and are connected at one end are printed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 1, the other ends of the two pi-shaped branches 5 are respectively connected with an isolation element 6, the width of a quarter-wavelength impedance transformer 7 connected between one output feeder line 4 and one isolation element 3 is equal to the width of a quarter-wavelength impedance transformer 7 connected between the other output feeder line 4 and the isolation element 6, the width of the quarter-wavelength impedance transformer 7 connected between the two output feeder lines 4 and the input feeder line 3 is different, wherein:
the pi-shaped branch 5 comprises a first transmission line 51, a second transmission line 52 and a third transmission line 53 which are sequentially connected, parallel branches 54 are respectively connected at the connecting position of the first transmission line 51 and the second transmission line 52 and the connecting position of the second transmission line 52 and the third transmission line 53, and the other ends of the two parallel branches 54 are connected through a short-circuit microstrip line 55;
the short-circuit microstrip line 55 and the isolation element 6 are connected to the metal base plate 2 through the metalized via 8, respectively.
In the four-band unequal power splitting Gysel power splitter based on the pi-shaped branches, the first transmission line 51, the second transmission line 52 and the parallel branches 54 all adopt a quasi-U-shaped structure formed by five linear micro-strips, the third transmission line 53 adopts a Z-shaped structure formed by three linear micro-strips, the widths of the linear micro-strips in the first transmission line 51 are equal to those of the linear micro-strips in the third transmission line 53, and the joint of each two linear micro-strips in the first transmission line 51, the second transmission line 52, the third transmission line 53 and the parallel branches 54 is provided with a chamfer.
In the four-band unequal power division Gysel power divider based on the pi-shaped branches, the symmetry axes of the two pi-shaped branches 5 coincide with the center line of one side of the dielectric substrate 1.
In the four-band unequal power division Gysel power divider based on the pi-shaped branches, the input feeder line 3 is positioned on the middle line of one side of the dielectric substrate 1; the two output feed lines 4 are respectively positioned at two sides of the input feed line 3 and are symmetrical about the input feed line 3.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention adopts two pi-shaped branches which are in mirror symmetry and are connected at one end, each pi-shaped branch has a phase difference of 90 degrees on four frequency bands respectively, one end of each pi-shaped branch is connected with one end of each pi-shaped branch to construct a section of transmission line with the electrical length of 180 degrees, and the impedance conversion function can be realized on the four frequency bands simultaneously.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the pi-shaped branch in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a simulation plot of S-parameters for the insertion loss of the output port of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a simulation plot of the S-parameters of the return loss of the input and output ports of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a simulation of S-parameters for output port isolation according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The purpose, technical solutions and technical effects of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, a pi-branch-based four-band unequal power splitting Gysel power splitter comprises a dielectric substrate 1, a metal bottom plate 2 is printed on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 1, an input feeder line 3, two output feeder lines 4 and two pi-branch-shaped branches 5 which are in mirror symmetry and are connected at one end are printed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, an isolation element 6 is connected at the other end of each of the two pi-branch-shaped branches 5, the input feeder line 3 and each output feeder line 4 and one isolation element 6 are respectively connected through a quarter-wavelength impedance transformer 7, the width of the quarter-wavelength impedance transformer 7 connected between one output feeder line 4 and the input feeder line 3 is equal to the width of the quarter-wavelength impedance transformer 7 connected between the other output feeder line 4 and the isolation element 6, and the unequal widths of the quarter-wavelength impedance transformers 7 connected between the two output feeder lines 4 and the input feeder line 3, wherein:
the dielectric substrate 1 is made of a rectangular F4B material with a relative dielectric constant of 2.65, a loss tangent of 0.03, a size of 56mm × 51mm and a thickness of 0.43 mm.
The input feeder line 3 is of a rectangular micro-strip structure, the length optimization value of the long side of the input feeder line is 6mm, the length optimization value of the short side of the input feeder line is 1.12mm, and the center line of the short side of the input feeder line is superposed with the center line of the short side AA' of the dielectric substrate 1; the two output feeder lines 4 are respectively positioned at two sides of the input feeder line 3, are symmetrical relative to the input feeder line 3, have the same structure and size as the input feeder line 3, and have the characteristic impedance values of 50 omega for the input feeder line 3 and the two output feeder lines 4, so that the microwave integrated circuit is convenient to integrate with other microwave circuits.
The symmetry axis of the two pi-shaped branches 5 is superposed with the center line of one side of the dielectric substrate 1. Which in this embodiment coincides with the centerline of the short side AA' of the dielectric substrate. The structure of the short-circuit microstrip antenna is shown in fig. 2, and comprises a first transmission line 51, a second transmission line 52 and a third transmission line 53 which are connected in sequence, wherein parallel branches 54 are respectively connected at the connecting position of the first transmission line 51 and the second transmission line 52 and the connecting position of the second transmission line 52 and the third transmission line 53, and the other ends of the two parallel branches 54 are connected through a short-circuit microstrip line 55; each pi-shaped branch has 90-degree phase difference on four frequency bands respectively, one end of each pi-shaped branch is connected with one end of each pi-shaped branch to form a transmission line with the electrical length of 180 degrees, the impedance transformation function can be realized on the four frequency bands simultaneously, and the working requirements of multi-frequency terminal equipment can be well met.
The first transmission line 51, the second transmission line 52 and the parallel branch 54 are all in a quasi-U-shaped structure formed by five straight micro-strips, wherein the length b1 of the arms of the first transmission line 51 is 14mm, the length a1 of the base of the micro-strip is 2mm, the lengths a1 of the two straight micro-strips at the connection position of the micro-strip arms are 2mm, and the a3 is 2.08 mm; a second transmission line 52, the length b2 of the microstrip arm is 28mm, the length a1 of the microstrip bottom is 2mm, the length a2 of the two straight microstrips at the microstrip arm connection is 1mm, and the length a4 is 2.69 mm; the length a2 of the microstrip arm of the parallel branch 54 is 1mm, the length b5 of the microstrip bottom is 1.84mm, the length b4 of the two straight microstrips at the connection of the microstrip arms is 2.57mm, and the length b6 is 4 mm.
The third transmission line 53 adopts a zigzag structure formed by three straight micro-strips, the length a5 of the upper and lower micro-strips is 2.08mm, a2 is 1mm, and the length b3 of the middle micro-strip is 28 mm; and the width of each linear microstrip in the first transmission line 51 is equal to that of each linear microstrip in the third transmission line 53, the optimized width value is 1.43mm, the optimized width value of the second transmission line 52 is 0.82mm, and the optimized width value of the parallel branch section 54 is 1.08 mm.
In the first transmission line 51, the second transmission line 52, the third transmission line 53 and the parallel branch 54, a corner cut is arranged at the joint of every two straight micro-strips to reduce the reflection of electromagnetic waves in the transmission process, and a 45-degree corner cut is preferred.
The short-circuit microstrip line 55 and the isolation element 6 are respectively connected with the metal base plate 2 through the metalized via holes 8, wherein the short-circuit microstrip line 55 is of a rectangular microstrip structure, the metalized via holes 8 are formed in the middle of the rectangular microstrip, 45-degree cut angles are formed in two ends of the rectangular microstrip, the length optimization value of the long side of the rectangular microstrip is 5.6mm, and the length of the short side of the rectangular microstrip is equal to the width of the parallel branch section 54.
The isolation element 6 can be formed by connecting a capacitor and an inductor in parallel, connecting an inductor and a resistor in series or forming a single resistor, the embodiment adopts a chip resistor as the isolation element, and the optimized value of the resistance value of the isolation element is 100 ohms, so that good isolation is ensured between two output ports of the unequal power splitting Gysel power splitter. The diameter of each metallized through hole 8 is 0.4mm, the process machining requirements are met, and good grounding performance is realized.
The quarter-wave impedance transformers 7 are the same in length, the optimized value is 20.78mm, the optimized values of the widths of the quarter-wave impedance transformers 7 connected between the two output feeder lines 4 and the input feeder line 3 are 1.3mm and 0.2mm respectively, the quarter-wave impedance transformers 7 with different line widths are adopted, the distribution proportion of energy is changed, and therefore unequal power output is achieved.
The technical effects of the invention are further explained by combining simulation experiments as follows:
1. simulation experiments and content
1.1 simulation calculations were performed on the S parameter of the insertion loss of the output port in the embodiment of the present invention in the range of 1-4GHz using the commercial simulation software HFSS — 19.2, and the results are shown in fig. 3.
1.2 simulation calculations were performed on the S parameters of the input and output port return loss in the embodiment of the present invention in the range of 1-4GHz using commercial simulation software HFSS — 19.2, and the results are shown in fig. 4.
1.3 simulation calculations were performed on the S parameter of the output port isolation in the embodiment of the present invention in the range of 1-4GHz using the commercial simulation software HFSS — 19.2, and the results are shown in fig. 5.
2. Simulation result
Referring to fig. 3, the center frequencies of four operating bands of example 1 are 1.45GHz, 2.17GHz, 2.86GHz, and 3.60GHz, respectively, and the absolute bandwidths (relative bandwidths) are 150/120/240/130MHZ (10.3%/5.52%/8.39%/3.61%), respectively; in the first frequency band, the insertion losses S21 and S31 of the two output ports are respectively-1.5 +/-0.9 dB and-8.48 +/-0.1 dB, and the power division ratio of 5:1 is realized; in the second frequency band, the insertion losses S21 and S31 of the two output ports are-0.92 +/-0.3 dB and-8.21 +/-0.4 dB respectively, and the power division ratio of 5:1 is realized; in a third frequency band, the insertion losses S21 and S31 of the two output ports are respectively-1.3 +/-0.34 dB and-9.43 +/-0.41 dB, and the power division ratio of 6:1 is realized; in the fourth frequency band, the insertion losses S21 and S31 of the two output ports are-0.86 +/-0.1 dB and-10.59 +/-1.2 dB respectively, and the power division ratio of 9:1 is realized; the power divider realizes unequal power division in four frequency bands.
Referring to fig. 4, at the first central frequency point, the return loss S11 of the input port is-24.74 dB, and the return losses S22 and S33 of the two output ports are-25.68 dB and-23.95 dB, respectively; at the second central frequency point, the return loss S11 of the input port is-15.46 dB, and the return losses S22 and S33 of the two output ports are-15.87 dB and-16.97 dB respectively; at the third central frequency point, the return loss S11 of the input port is-15.68 dB, and the return losses S22 and S33 of the two output ports are-15.15 dB and-12.93 dB respectively; at the fourth central frequency point, the return loss S11 of the input port is-20.1 dB, and the return losses S22 and S33 of the two output ports are-22.8 dB and-21.72 dB respectively; the power divider has good input and output return loss on four frequency bands, and can well meet engineering requirements.
Referring to fig. 5, at the first center frequency point, the isolation S32 of the two output ports is-30.93 dB; at the second central frequency point, the isolation S32 of the two output ports is-24.1 dB; at the third central frequency point, the isolation S32 of the two output ports is-29.93 dB; at the fourth central frequency point, the isolation S32 of the two output ports is-29.19 dB; the power divider has good isolation effect of two output ports on four frequency bands, and can well meet engineering requirements.
While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A four-band unequal power splitting Gysel power splitter based on pi-type branches is characterized by comprising a dielectric substrate (1), wherein a metal bottom plate (2) is printed on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate (1), an input feeder (3), two output feeders (4) and two pi-type branches (5) which are in mirror symmetry and are connected at one end are printed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate, the other ends of the two pi-type branches (5) are respectively connected with an isolation element (6), the input feeder (3) and each output feeder (4) as well as one output feeder (4) and one isolation element (6) are respectively connected through a quarter-wavelength impedance transformer (7), the width of the quarter-wavelength impedance transformer (7) connected between one output feeder (4) and the input feeder (3) is equal to the width of the quarter-wavelength impedance transformer (7) connected between the other output feeder (4) and the isolation element (6), the width of the quarter-wave impedance transformers (7) connected between the two output feed lines (4) and the input feed line (3) is unequal, wherein:
the pi-shaped branch knot (5) comprises a first transmission line (51), a second transmission line (52) and a third transmission line (53) which are sequentially connected, parallel branch knots (54) are respectively connected at the connecting position of the first transmission line (51) and the second transmission line (52) and the connecting position of the second transmission line (52) and the third transmission line (53), and the other ends of the two parallel branch knots (54) are connected through a short-circuit microstrip line (55);
the short-circuit microstrip line (55) and the isolation element (6) are respectively connected with the metal base plate (2) through the metalized through hole (8).
2. The pi-branch-based four-band unequal power splitting Gysel power splitter according to claim 1 is characterized in that the first transmission line (51), the second transmission line (52) and the parallel branches (54) all adopt a quasi U-shaped structure composed of five straight micro-strips, the third transmission line (53) adopts a Z-shaped structure composed of three straight micro-strips, the width of each straight micro-strip in the first transmission line (51) is equal to that of each straight micro-strip in the third transmission line (53), and the joint of each two straight micro-strips in the first transmission line (51), the second transmission line (52), the third transmission line (53) and the parallel branches (54) is provided with a cut angle.
3. The pi-branch-based four-band unequal power splitting Gysel power splitter according to claim 1, wherein the symmetry axes of the two pi-branches (5) coincide with the center line of one side of the dielectric substrate (1).
4. The pi-branch-based four-band unequal power splitting Gysel power splitter according to claim 1, wherein the input feeder (3) is located on a centerline of one side of the dielectric substrate (1); the two output feeder lines (4) are respectively positioned at two sides of the input feeder line (3) and are symmetrical relative to the input feeder line (3).
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| CN115775963B (en) * | 2022-11-01 | 2024-03-19 | 西安电子科技大学 | Broadband multi-section Gysel type power divider |
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| CN104810576A (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2015-07-29 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十五研究所 | Millimeter wave broadband 0-pi phase shifter |
| CN108417957A (en) * | 2018-05-15 | 2018-08-17 | 大连海事大学 | A kind of negative group delay Gysel power splitters and its design method |
| US10079420B2 (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2018-09-18 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Broadband high power microwave combiner/divider |
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| US7839236B2 (en) * | 2007-12-21 | 2010-11-23 | Rayspan Corporation | Power combiners and dividers based on composite right and left handed metamaterial structures |
| CN104022334A (en) * | 2014-06-11 | 2014-09-03 | 南京航空航天大学 | Microwave four-frequency power divider |
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| CN104810576A (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2015-07-29 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十五研究所 | Millimeter wave broadband 0-pi phase shifter |
| US10079420B2 (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2018-09-18 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Broadband high power microwave combiner/divider |
| CN108417957A (en) * | 2018-05-15 | 2018-08-17 | 大连海事大学 | A kind of negative group delay Gysel power splitters and its design method |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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