CN110516348A - A method and device for measuring and calculating the performance of an annular radiator - Google Patents
A method and device for measuring and calculating the performance of an annular radiator Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种环形散热器性能测算方法及其装置，通过采集若干组不同工况下的性能数据，构建起基于粒子群算法优化BP神经网络的环形散热器性能计算数学模型，能够有效计算出其它工况条件下的性能数据。本发明提供的一种环形散热器性能测算方法及其装置适用于环形散热器不同工况条件下性能的计算，方法的准确性、可靠性、稳定性、便捷性好，可在很大程度上提升环形散热器性能预测精度，从而明显改善航空发动机滑油系统设计效率。
The invention discloses a method and device for measuring and calculating the performance of an annular radiator. By collecting several sets of performance data under different working conditions, a mathematical model for calculating the performance of an annular radiator based on a particle swarm algorithm optimized BP neural network is constructed, which can effectively calculate Performance data under other operating conditions. The method and device for calculating the performance of an annular radiator provided by the present invention are applicable to the calculation of the performance of an annular radiator under different working conditions. The accuracy, reliability, stability and convenience of the method are good, and the Improve the performance prediction accuracy of the annular radiator, thereby significantly improving the design efficiency of the aeroengine lubricating oil system.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于民用航空发动机滑油系统散热领域，尤其涉及一种环形散热器性能测算方法及其装置。The invention belongs to the field of heat dissipation of lubricating oil systems of civil aeroengines, and in particular relates to a method for measuring and calculating the performance of an annular radiator and a device thereof.
背景技术Background technique
在民用航空发动机领域，环形散热器作为滑油系统的补充散热装置，已经得到了越来越广泛的应用。该种散热器整体呈圆弧形结构，安装在发动机的风扇涵道内，利用冷空气通过翅片对滑油散热。In the field of civil aeroengines, annular radiators have been used more and more widely as a supplementary cooling device for lubricating oil systems. This kind of radiator has an arc-shaped structure as a whole, installed in the fan duct of the engine, and uses cold air to dissipate heat from the lubricating oil through the fins.
由于环形散热器是一种新型散热器结构，目前对该种散热器的研究还十分有限，尚无一套可靠、可行的理论计算方法能够实现不同工况下的散热量及流阻性能的精确计算。而在环形散热器性能试验中也仅能测得有限工况点下的性能数据，无法得到任意工况点的性能结果。因此，由于这种环形散热器性能预测的不确定性，导致航空发动机滑油系统在设计过程中不得不在各个工况点均考虑大量的裕度，造成性能的浪费，甚至有时会由于裕度预留不合理导致重复设计，严重阻滞了发动机整机的研制进度。Since the annular radiator is a new type of radiator structure, the current research on this kind of radiator is still very limited, and there is no set of reliable and feasible theoretical calculation methods to achieve accurate heat dissipation and flow resistance performance under different working conditions. calculate. However, in the performance test of the annular radiator, only the performance data at limited working condition points can be measured, and the performance results at any working condition point cannot be obtained. Therefore, due to the uncertainty of the performance prediction of the annular radiator, the aeroengine lubricating oil system has to consider a large amount of margin at each operating point during the design process, resulting in a waste of performance, and sometimes even due to margin prediction. Unreasonable retention leads to repeated design, which seriously hinders the development progress of the complete engine.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是：提供了一种环形散热器性能测算方法及其装置，通过采集若干组不同工况下的性能数据，构建起滑油入口流量q1、滑油入口温度t1、空气入口流量q2、空气入口温度t2、空气入口压力p2与散热量Q、滑油侧流阻ΔP1、空气侧流阻ΔP2之间的数学模型，能够有效计算出其它工况条件下的性能数据。The object of the present invention is to provide a method and device for measuring and calculating the performance of an annular radiator. By collecting several sets of performance data under different working conditions, the oil inlet flow rate q 1 , the oil inlet temperature t 1 , and the air inlet temperature t 1 are constructed. The mathematical model among flow q 2 , air inlet temperature t 2 , air inlet pressure p 2 and heat dissipation Q, lubricating oil side flow resistance ΔP 1 , and air side flow resistance ΔP 2 can effectively calculate the performance data.
本发明的技术方案是：Technical scheme of the present invention is:
一种环形散热器性能测算方法，包括下述步骤：A method for calculating the performance of an annular radiator, comprising the steps of:
步骤一、性能数据采集：所需采集的性能数据需针对所要测算性能的环形散热器，包括：滑油入口流量q1、滑油入口温度t1、空气入口流量q2、空气入口温度t2、空气入口压力p2以及相对应的散热量Q、滑油侧流阻ΔP1、空气侧流阻ΔP2；Step 1. Performance data collection: The performance data to be collected must be aimed at the annular radiator whose performance is to be measured, including: oil inlet flow q 1 , oil inlet temperature t 1 , air inlet flow q 2 , air inlet temperature t 2 , air inlet pressure p 2 and corresponding heat dissipation Q, oil side flow resistance ΔP 1 , air side flow resistance ΔP 2 ;
步骤二、构建数学模型：利用步骤一所采集的性能数据，构建基于粒子群算法优化BP神经网络的环形散热器性能计算数学模型；Step 2, building a mathematical model: using the performance data collected in step 1, constructing a mathematical model for calculating the performance of the annular radiator based on the particle swarm optimization algorithm to optimize the BP neural network;
步骤三、性能计算：将所需计算的工况点数据导入步骤二所构建的数学模型中计算，得到环形散热器的性能计算结果。Step 3. Performance calculation: Import the required operating point data into the mathematical model constructed in step 2 for calculation, and obtain the performance calculation result of the annular radiator.
在所述步骤二中，构建环形散热器性能计算数学模型的具体步骤包括：In said step two, the specific steps of constructing the mathematical model for calculating the performance of the annular radiator include:
a、根据环形散热器性能计算输入变量和输出变量构建BP神经网络；a. Construct a BP neural network according to the input variables and output variables of the annular radiator performance calculation;
b、粒子群算法优化BP神经网络；b. Particle swarm optimization algorithm to optimize BP neural network;
c、训练BP神经网络。c. Training BP neural network.
在所述步骤三中，所需计算的工况点各个参数值均需在步骤一中所采集数据的工况点相对应参数值范围内。In the third step, each parameter value of the working condition point to be calculated must be within the corresponding parameter value range of the working condition point of the data collected in the first step.
一种实现环形散热器性能测算方法的装置，该装置包括空气进口过渡段1、安装板2、滑油进口油路8、滑油出口油路13。其中，安装板2上设置有空气进口测压孔3、空气进口测温孔4、空气出口测温孔5、空气出口测压孔6；滑油进口油路8上设置有滑油进口测温孔9、滑油进口测压孔10；滑油出口油路13上设置有滑油出口测温孔11、滑油出口测压孔12；环形散热器试验件7安装在安装板2上。A device for realizing the method for measuring and calculating the performance of an annular radiator, the device includes an air inlet transition section 1, a mounting plate 2, a lubricating oil inlet oil passage 8, and a lubricating oil outlet oil passage 13. Among them, the mounting plate 2 is provided with an air inlet pressure measuring hole 3, an air inlet temperature measuring hole 4, an air outlet temperature measuring hole 5, and an air outlet pressure measuring hole 6; Hole 9, lubricating oil inlet pressure measuring hole 10; lubricating oil outlet oil passage 13 is provided with lubricating oil outlet temperature measuring hole 11, lubricating oil outlet pressure measuring hole 12; annular radiator test piece 7 is installed on the mounting plate 2.
所述装置中安装板2所需满足条件如下：The installation board 2 in the described device needs to meet the following conditions:
1、安装板2上与环形散热器试验件7相接触部分尺寸应与环形散热器试验件7相应尺寸保持一致；1. The size of the part of the mounting plate 2 that is in contact with the annular radiator test piece 7 should be consistent with the corresponding size of the annular radiator test piece 7;
2、安装板2上的空气进口测温孔4、空气出口测温孔5与环形散热器试验件7的距离均应大于等于安装板2内空气流路水力直径的2倍；2. The distance between the air inlet temperature measuring hole 4, the air outlet temperature measuring hole 5 and the annular radiator test piece 7 on the mounting plate 2 should be greater than or equal to 2 times the hydraulic diameter of the air flow path in the mounting plate 2;
3、安装板2上的空气进口测压孔3、空气出口测压孔6与环形散热器试验件7的距离均应大于等于安装板2内空气流路水力直径的4倍。3. The distance between the air inlet pressure measuring hole 3 and the air outlet pressure measuring hole 6 on the mounting plate 2 and the annular radiator test piece 7 should be greater than or equal to 4 times the hydraulic diameter of the air flow path in the mounting plate 2.
本发明的有益效果是：本发明提供的一种环形散热器性能测算方法及其装置适用于环形散热器不同工况条件下性能的计算，方法的准确性、可靠性、稳定性、便捷性好，可在很大程度上提升环形散热器性能预测精度，从而明显改善航空发动机滑油系统设计效率。The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the method for measuring and calculating the performance of an annular radiator and its device provided by the present invention are suitable for calculating the performance of an annular radiator under different working conditions, and the accuracy, reliability, stability and convenience of the method are good , which can greatly improve the performance prediction accuracy of the annular radiator, thereby significantly improving the design efficiency of the aeroengine lubricating oil system.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明所述方法所用装置示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the device used in the method of the present invention;
图2是本发明所述方法所用装置分解结构示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the device used in the method of the present invention;
图3是环形散热器试验件示意图；Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of annular radiator test piece;
图4是本发明所述方法流程图；Fig. 4 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention;
图5是本发明计算结果验证。Fig. 5 is the calculation result verification of the present invention.
其中：1-空气进口过渡段，2-安装板，3-空气进口测压孔，4-空气进口测温孔，5-空气出口测温孔，6-空气出口测压孔，7-环形散热器试验件，8-滑油进口油路，9-滑油进口测温孔，10-滑油进口测压孔，11-滑油出口测温孔，12-滑油出口测压孔，13-滑油出口油路。Among them: 1- air inlet transition section, 2- mounting plate, 3- air inlet pressure measuring hole, 4- air inlet temperature measuring hole, 5- air outlet temperature measuring hole, 6- air outlet pressure measuring hole, 7- ring heat dissipation Device test piece, 8-lubricating oil inlet oil circuit, 9-lubricating oil inlet temperature measuring hole, 10-lubricating oil inlet pressure measuring hole, 11-lubricating oil outlet temperature measuring hole, 12-lubricating oil outlet pressure measuring hole, 13- Lubricating oil outlet oil circuit.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明做进一步说明：Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention will be further described:
参照图1，本发明所用装置包括：空气进口过渡段1、安装板2、滑油进口油路8、滑油出口油路13。其中，安装板2上设置有空气进口测压孔3、空气进口测温孔4、空气出口测温孔5、空气出口测压孔6；滑油进口油路8上设置有滑油进口测温孔9、滑油进口测压孔10；滑油出口油路13上设置有滑油出口测温孔11、滑油出口测压孔12；环形散热器试验件7安装在安装板2上。安装板2上与环形散热器试验件7相接触部分尺寸应与环形散热器试验件7相应尺寸保持一致，安装板2上的空气进口测温孔4、空气出口测温孔5与环形散热器试验件7的距离均应大于等于安装板2内空气流路水力直径的2倍，安装板2上的空气进口测压孔3、空气出口测压孔6与环形散热器试验件7的距离均应大于等于安装板2内空气流路水力直径的4倍。Referring to FIG. 1 , the device used in the present invention includes: an air inlet transition section 1 , a mounting plate 2 , an oil inlet passage 8 , and an oil outlet passage 13 . Among them, the mounting plate 2 is provided with an air inlet pressure measuring hole 3, an air inlet temperature measuring hole 4, an air outlet temperature measuring hole 5, and an air outlet pressure measuring hole 6; Hole 9, lubricating oil inlet pressure measuring hole 10; lubricating oil outlet oil passage 13 is provided with lubricating oil outlet temperature measuring hole 11, lubricating oil outlet pressure measuring hole 12; annular radiator test piece 7 is installed on the mounting plate 2. The size of the part of the mounting plate 2 that is in contact with the annular radiator test piece 7 should be consistent with the corresponding size of the annular radiator test piece 7. The air inlet temperature measurement hole 4 and the air outlet temperature measurement hole 5 on the The distance of the test piece 7 should be greater than or equal to twice the hydraulic diameter of the air flow path in the mounting plate 2. It should be greater than or equal to 4 times the hydraulic diameter of the air flow path in the mounting plate 2.
本发明所用装置在工作时，空气由空气进口过渡段1进入并流向安装板2，在流经安装板2的过程中与安装在安装板2上的环形散热器试验件7进行热交换，最终流出安装板2；滑油由滑油进口油路8流入环形散热器试验件7内，经过热交换后由滑油出口油路13流出。设置在安装板2上的空气进口测压孔3、空气进口测温孔4、空气出口测温孔5、空气出口测压孔6分别用于测量空气换热前的压力、温度以及空气换热后的温度、压力。设置在滑油进口油路8上的滑油进口测温孔9、滑油进口测压孔10和设置在滑油出口油路13上的滑油出口测温孔11、滑油出口测压孔12分别用于测量滑油换热前的温度、压力和滑油换热后的温度、压力。When the device used in the present invention is in operation, the air enters from the air inlet transition section 1 and flows to the mounting plate 2, and exchanges heat with the annular radiator test piece 7 installed on the mounting plate 2 in the process of flowing through the mounting plate 2, and finally Flow out of the mounting plate 2; the lubricating oil flows into the annular radiator test piece 7 through the lubricating oil inlet oil passage 8, and flows out through the lubricating oil outlet oil passage 13 after heat exchange. The air inlet pressure measuring hole 3, the air inlet temperature measuring hole 4, the air outlet temperature measuring hole 5, and the air outlet pressure measuring hole 6 arranged on the mounting plate 2 are respectively used to measure the pressure, temperature and air heat exchange before the air heat exchange. subsequent temperature and pressure. The lubricating oil inlet temperature measuring hole 9 and the lubricating oil inlet pressure measuring hole 10 arranged on the lubricating oil inlet oil passage 8 and the lubricating oil outlet temperature measuring hole 11 and the lubricating oil outlet pressure measuring hole arranged on the lubricating oil outlet oil passage 13 12 are respectively used to measure the temperature and pressure of lubricating oil before heat exchange and the temperature and pressure of lubricating oil after heat exchange.
参照图2，在本发明所用装置中，空气进口过渡段1与安装板2连接在一起，环形散热器试验件7安装在安装板2上，滑油进口油路8、滑油出口油路13安装在环形散热器试验件7上。Referring to Fig. 2, in the device used in the present invention, the air inlet transition section 1 is connected with the mounting plate 2, the annular radiator test piece 7 is installed on the mounting plate 2, the lubricating oil inlet oil passage 8, the lubricating oil outlet oil passage 13 Installed on the annular radiator test piece 7.
参照图3，本实施例的环形散热器试验件7滑油侧为双流程、空气侧为单流程。工作时，滑油进入环形散热器试验件7后沿着内部圆弧形流道流动，通过环形散热器试验件7与流经的空气实现热交换，最终流出。Referring to FIG. 3 , the annular radiator test piece 7 of this embodiment has a double flow on the oil side and a single flow on the air side. During operation, the lubricating oil enters the annular radiator test piece 7 and then flows along the inner arc-shaped flow channel, through the annular radiator test piece 7 and the air passing through to realize heat exchange, and finally flows out.
在本实施例中，共采集140组环形散热器试验件7不同工况下的性能数据，构建起基于粒子群算法优化BP神经网络的环形散热器性能计算数学模型，并将所需计算的10组工况点数据导入得出性能计算结果。参照图4，执行如下步骤：In this embodiment, the performance data of 140 groups of annular radiator test pieces 7 under different working conditions were collected, and the mathematical model of the annular radiator performance calculation based on particle swarm optimization algorithm to optimize the BP neural network was constructed, and the required calculated 10 Group operating point data is imported to obtain performance calculation results. Referring to Figure 4, perform the following steps:
步骤一、性能数据采集。利用本发明所述的环形散热器性能测算装置采集140组不同工况点下的性能数据。具体步骤包括：Step 1, performance data collection. 140 groups of performance data under different operating conditions are collected by using the annular radiator performance measuring and calculating device of the present invention. Specific steps include:
1)通过试验获取140组环形散热器试验件7在不同工况点下的滑油入口流量q1、滑油入口温度t1、滑油出口温度t1'、滑油入口压力p1、滑油出口压力p1'、空气入口流量q2、空气入口温度t2、空气出口温度t2'、空气入口压力p2、空气出口压力p2'。其中，空气入口压力p2、空气入口温度t2、空气出口温度t2'、空气出口压力p2'分别由空气进口测压孔3、空气进口测温孔4、空气出口测温孔5、空气出口测压孔6所读取数据各自求算数平均得到。1) The oil inlet flow rate q 1 , oil inlet temperature t 1 , oil outlet temperature t 1 ', oil inlet pressure p 1 , lubricating oil inlet flow q 1 , oil inlet temperature t 1 ', oil inlet pressure p 1 , lubricating oil inlet pressure p 1 Oil outlet pressure p 1 ', air inlet flow q 2 , air inlet temperature t 2 , air outlet temperature t 2 ', air inlet pressure p 2 , air outlet pressure p 2 '. Among them, air inlet pressure p 2 , air inlet temperature t 2 , air outlet temperature t 2 ', and air outlet pressure p 2 ' are determined by air inlet pressure measuring hole 3, air inlet temperature measuring hole 4, air outlet temperature measuring hole 5, The data read by the air outlet pressure measuring hole 6 are respectively obtained by arithmetic mean.
2)根据公式(Ⅰ)、公式(Ⅱ)、公式(Ⅲ)分别计算得到散热量Q、滑油侧流阻ΔP1、空气侧流阻ΔP2。2) Calculate heat dissipation Q, oil side flow resistance ΔP 1 , and air side flow resistance ΔP 2 according to formula (I), formula (II) and formula (III).
ΔP1＝p1-p1' (Ⅱ)ΔP 1 =p 1 -p 1 ' (II)
ΔP2＝p2-p2' (Ⅲ)ΔP 2 =p 2 -p 2 ' (Ⅲ)
其中：W1、W2分别为滑油、空气的热容量。Where: W 1 and W 2 are the heat capacities of lubricating oil and air, respectively.
3)存储数据，包括滑油入口流量q1、滑油入口温度t1、空气入口流量q2、空气入口温度t2、空气入口压力p2以及相对应的散热量Q、滑油侧流阻ΔP1、空气侧流阻ΔP2。3) Store data, including oil inlet flow q 1 , oil inlet temperature t 1 , air inlet flow q 2 , air inlet temperature t 2 , air inlet pressure p 2 and corresponding heat dissipation Q, oil side flow resistance ΔP 1 , air side flow resistance ΔP 2 .
步骤二、构建数学模型。利用步骤一所采集的性能数据，构建基于粒子群算法优化BP神经网络的环形散热器性能计算数学模型。具体步骤包括：Step 2: Build a mathematical model. Using the performance data collected in step 1, a mathematical model for calculating the performance of the annular radiator based on particle swarm optimization algorithm and BP neural network was constructed. Specific steps include:
1)根据环形散热器性能计算输入变量和输出变量构建BP神经网络。由于环形散热器性能计算的输入变量包括滑油入口流量q1、滑油入口温度t1、空气入口流量q2、空气入口温度t2、空气入口压力p2共5个，输出变量包括散热量Q、滑油侧流阻ΔP1、空气侧流阻ΔP2共3个，因此BP神经网络的输入层节点数确定为5、输出层节点数确定为3、隐含层节点数确定为5。1) According to the input variables and output variables of the performance calculation of the annular radiator, the BP neural network is constructed. Since the input variables for performance calculation of the annular radiator include oil inlet flow q 1 , oil inlet temperature t 1 , air inlet flow q 2 , air inlet temperature t 2 , and air inlet pressure p 2 , the output variables include heat dissipation There are 3 Q, lubricating oil side flow resistance ΔP 1 , and air side flow resistance ΔP 2 , so the number of input layer nodes of BP neural network is determined to be 5, the number of output layer nodes is determined to be 3, and the number of hidden layer nodes is determined to be 5.
2)粒子群算法优化BP神经网络。具体步骤包括：2) Particle swarm optimization algorithm to optimize BP neural network. Specific steps include:
①确定粒子种群个体并构建适应度函数。由于粒子群算法的优化对象是BP神经网络的初始权值、阈值，因此定义粒子种群个体为BP神经网络的初始权值、阈值，种群个体编码方法常用的包括二进制法、实数法等，本实例选用实数法；适应度函数定义为步骤1)所构建的BP神经网络，将BP神经网络的计算误差绝对值累积作为适应度值，将BP神经网络的初始权值、阈值作为适应度函数返回值。① Determine the individual of the particle population and construct the fitness function. Since the optimization object of the particle swarm optimization algorithm is the initial weight and threshold of the BP neural network, the individual particle population is defined as the initial weight and threshold of the BP neural network. Commonly used coding methods for population individuals include binary method and real number method, etc. In this example Select the real number method; the fitness function is defined as the BP neural network constructed in step 1), the absolute value of the calculation error of the BP neural network is accumulated as the fitness value, and the initial weight and threshold of the BP neural network are used as the return value of the fitness function .
②粒子种群初始化并计算出初始种群每个个体的适应度值。② The particle population is initialized and the fitness value of each individual in the initial population is calculated.
③通过粒子群算法对种群不断迭代计算，直至粒子群算法计算结束，输出最优初始权值、阈值。在本实施例中，粒子种群迭代至215步时已经稳定并达到最小适应度值。③ The population is iteratively calculated through the particle swarm optimization algorithm until the calculation of the particle swarm optimization algorithm is completed, and the optimal initial weight and threshold are output. In this embodiment, the particle population has stabilized and reached the minimum fitness value when iterating to step 215.
3)训练BP神经网络。具体步骤包括：3) Training BP neural network. Specific steps include:
①将步骤2)所得到的最优初始权值、阈值赋予BP神经网络。① Assign the optimal initial weights and thresholds obtained in step 2) to the BP neural network.
②调用步骤一所采集的性能数据作为训练数据来训练BP神经网络，直至BP神经网络训练结束。② Use the performance data collected in step 1 as training data to train the BP neural network until the BP neural network training ends.
步骤三、性能计算。具体步骤包括：Step three, performance calculation. Specific steps include:
①将所需计算的工况点读入BP神经网络。本实施例中所需计算的10组工况点的各个参数值均在步骤一中所采集数据的工况点相对应参数值范围内。① Read the working point to be calculated into the BP neural network. Each parameter value of the 10 groups of working condition points to be calculated in this embodiment is within the corresponding parameter value range of the working condition point of the data collected in step 1.
②BP神经网络计算，并得出性能计算结果。②BP neural network calculation, and get the performance calculation results.
在本实施例中，通过试验得到所需计算的10组工况点的性能试验数据，并与本发明所述方法的性能计算结果进行比较。比较结果如图5所示。可以看出，通过本发明计算得到的散热量Q、滑油侧流阻ΔP1、空气侧流阻ΔP2均与试验数据十分接近，误差百分比分别能够控制在-2.5％～8％、-7.5％～9.5％、-12％～7％以内，验证了本发明具有良好的准确性、可靠性、稳定性、便捷性。In this embodiment, the performance test data of 10 groups of working condition points needed to be calculated are obtained through experiments, and compared with the performance calculation results of the method of the present invention. The comparison results are shown in Figure 5. It can be seen that the heat dissipation Q, lubricating oil side flow resistance ΔP 1 , and air side flow resistance ΔP 2 calculated by the present invention are all very close to the test data, and the error percentages can be controlled at -2.5% to 8%, -7.5% respectively. %～9.5%, -12%～7%, it is verified that the present invention has good accuracy, reliability, stability and convenience.
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