CN110514344A - A kind of aero-engine bolt pretightening accuracy control method - Google Patents
A kind of aero-engine bolt pretightening accuracy control method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 27
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 6
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/24—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for determining value of torque or twisting moment for tightening a nut or other member which is similarly stressed
- G01L5/246—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for determining value of torque or twisting moment for tightening a nut or other member which is similarly stressed using acoustic waves
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Abstract
A kind of aero-engine bolt pretightening accuracy control method applies pulling force F to bolt with puller system, the bolt echo time T before being stretched with ultrasonic pulse-echo method measurement with the practical pretightning force of the deformation quantity characterization bolt of bolt0With the bolt echo time T after by pulling force F stretching1, using pulling force as pretightning force, establish pretightning force-sound deviation curve；It determines assembly technology condition, establishes the contrast relationship library of final value torque Yu bolt deformation quantity at the designated process conditions；Process conditions include: lubricating condition and or tighten speed and or torque spanner load step and or bolt tighten number, and or nut style.The present invention demarcates pretightning force by piezoelectric supersonic echo method, to avoid the destruction to bolt fastening structure and its self performance, can realize the low error rate calibration of bolt pretightening, realize the accurate control of pretightning force under the conditions of different technical parameters.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to aero-engine mounting technology field, in particular to a kind of aero-engine bolt pretightening is accurate
Control method.
Background technique:
Being bolted cooperation is the most common connection type in aero-engine assembly, is bolted by flange male half coupling
It realizes that high pressure rotor multistage dish axle is co-axially mounted, the multistage casing cascade of realization is bolted by precision bolt and flange inner stopper
Assembly, bolt pretightening, which is accurately controlled, has important influence to assembly performance consistency and overall performance stability.
Bolt pretightening is the edge that generates between bolt and connected compcnent during twisting bolt under screw-down torque effect
The pretightning force of bolt direction of axis line.For bolt specific for one, the screw-down torque of the size of pretightning force and bolt,
The frictional force between frictional force, nut and connected compcnent between bolts and nuts is related.
The fatigue strength of bolted reliability, anti-loose ability and bolt can be improved in the control of bolt pretightening, increases
The compactness and rigidity of strong ties.In fact, a large amount of test and use experience prove that higher pretightning force is to the reliable of connection
Property and connected service life be all it is beneficial, it is especially more necessary to the connection for having seal request.But excessively high pretightning force, such as
If controlling improper or accidental overload, the failure of connection also often will lead to.Therefore, accurately determine that the pretightning force of bolt is very heavy
It wants.
But when being assembled for aero-engine using bolt, the consistency of assembly performance refers to that bolt itself is actual
Pretightning force, rather than torque spanner is applied to the power of bolt.This is because when applying torque to bolt using torque spanner,
There are frictional force between bolt and connected piece supporting surface, there is the loss of power, when the screw thread auxiliary driving of bolt, screw thread pair friction
, also there is frictional dissipation etc. in acting.Therefore, the power that torque spanner applies 100% can not be transmitted on bolt, also, be assembled
Technique, for example, the material of bolt, connected piece material, tighten speed, lubricating condition, temperature etc., the loss of power can all be made
At influence, to cause the practical pretightning force of bolt itself unpredictable.In assembly, even if being pulled using high-precision torque
Hand, the assembly consistency that also will appear bolt is poor, and the uncontrollable and unpredictable problem of practical pretightning force of bolt.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to be capable of providing accurate reference frame, accurately control spiral shell when aero-engine is assembled
The control method of the practical pretightning force of bolt.
A kind of aero-engine bolt pretightening accuracy control method, which is characterized in that spiral shell is characterized with the deformation quantity of bolt
The practical pretightning force of bolt, the bolt echo time T before bolt is applied pulling force F, stretched with ultrasonic pulse-echo method measurement with puller system0
With the bolt echo time T after by pulling force F stretching1, using pulling force as pretightning force, establish pretightning force-sound deviation curve；Determine dress
With process conditions, the contrast relationship library of final value torque Yu bolt deformation quantity is established at the designated process conditions；Process conditions include:
Lubricating condition and or tighten speed and or torque spanner load step and or bolt tighten number, and or nut style.
The relationship of pretightning force and deformation quantity are as follows: F=E*S* Δ L, wherein F is bolt pretightening, and E is the elasticity of bolt material
Modulus, S are bolt sectional area, and Δ L is the deflection of bolt, and L is the clamping length of bolt pair；Bolt is measured with ultrasonic pulse-echo method
Deformation quantity,Wherein v is spread speed of the Mechanical Longitudinal Waves in bolt, T0It is bolt in free shape
Emit and receive the time difference between electric signal, T under state1Be bolt under tightening state emit and receive electric signal between when
Between it is poor.
Further, pretightning force-sound deviation curve determines that scaling method includes: by ultrasonic pulse-echo method and stretching-machine calibration
Step 1 obtains that a collection of material composition is identical, aero-engine bolt of the identical same model of manufacture craft,
In this batch of bolt stochastical sampling several for demarcating, to calibration with bolt labeled as B1, B2 ..., Bn, n indicates
N-th of bolt；Piezoelectric supersonic patch will be set in the end of calibration bolt, obtains a bolt as current calibration bolt；
Current calibration bolt is clamped in stretching-machine by step 2, and piezoelectric supersonic patch and ultrasonic meter establish connection, survey
Ultrasonic echo time T when measuring non-stretched0, pulling force at this time is 0；
Step 3, stretching-machine apply pulling force F to current calibration bolt stage by stagei, FiIndicate the pulling force in the i-th stage, per stage
Carry out guarantor's load after stretched force-applying, protect carry stablize after ultrasonic meter read the echo time T of monitoring point when carrying of trying hard to keepni, TniIt indicates
The ultrasonic echo time in the i-th stage；
Step 4, the pulling force F by each stageiWith the ultrasonic echo time T in the stageniIt is bent to generate pretightning force-sound time difference
Line；
Step 5 obtains next bolt as current calibration bolt, repeats step 2~4, completes all calibration bolts
Pretightning force-sound deviation curve measurement；
Step 6, pretightning force-sound time difference that all pretightning forces-sound deviation curve measurement is fitted to present lot bolt are bent
Line.Pretightning force-sound deviation curve illustrates the relationship between pretightning force and bolt deformation quantity.
Further, the method for building up in contrast relationship library includes:
Step 1, simulation Air Fitter condition, in constant temperature and humidity clean environment, inner stopper " locked in " operation space by
Limit, using right-angled intersection substep tightening way；Assembly system includes test fixture, piezoelectric supersonic tester, super with piezoelectricity
Bolt to be tested, principle tests part and the Electric torque wrench with moment of torsion control function of sound patch；Wherein, principle tests
Part refers to and connects research position material, geometric parameter, the identical testpieces of process of surface treatment；Assembled condition is set；
Calibration principle part is fixed on test fixture by step 2, is taken out test bolt using the development of different process Variable Conditions and is tightened work
Skill experiment；Calibration principle part refers to that principle part presses aero-engine difference installation position, according to the material of connected piece, geometry
Feature and the special processing and fabricating of surface shaping methodology are used as the workpiece of Connecting quantity calibration；
Step 3 reads spiral shell according to assembled condition loading moment, and after protecting load and stablizing to bolt to be tested with torque wrench
Bolt pretightning force F changes the actual parameter of assembled condition, repeats to load identical termination torque T to bolt to be tested, fit
Under identical termination torque T, assembled condition parameter-preload force curve.
Further, revolving speed and final value torque T are tightened in step 3.1, torque wrench setting, with torque wrench to bolt loading force
It protects to carry after square and wait, read the tools for bolts ' pretension force value F under stable state1；Change tightens speed and protects load after torque to bolt clip
It waits, and record pre-tightens force value F again2, continue repetitive operation, change and tighten speed and record preload force value Fn, fit in phase
Under same termination torque T, speed-preload force curve is tightened.
With or, step 3.2, using the lubricating condition of screw thread pair, torque wrench tightening speed as variable, with identical end
It is worth torque T, is carried and waited to guarantor after bolt loading moment with torque wrench, read the tools for bolts ' pretension force value F under stable state1；In
Change tightens speed and protects load waiting after torque to bolt clip under identical lubricating condition, and record pre-tightens force value F again2, hold
Continuous repetitive operation changes and tightens speed and record preload force value Fn, fit under identical termination torque T, give lubricious strip
Speed-preload force curve is tightened under part；
Change lubricating condition, repeat to tighten speed as variable, read the tools for bolts ' pretension force value F under stable state,
It fits under identical termination torque T, tightens speed-preload force curve under given lubricating condition.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. demarcating pretightning force by piezoelectric supersonic echo method, can be broken to avoid to bolt fastening structure and its self performance
It is bad, it is capable of the fastening situation of more true reaction forming structure, realizes the low error rate calibration of bolt pretightening；By pre- advanced
The test of row bolt tightening technique, torque coefficient corresponds to technological parameter library under the conditions of establishing different technical parameters, realizes different process
The accurate control of pretightning force under Parameter Conditions.
2. the present invention applies before assembly work starts, according to bolt batch, connected piece material and forming technology, pass through
Tightening technique test establishes torque coefficient and corresponds to parameter library for Practical Project with reference to selecting, and not only solves and pre-tightens under real working condition
The measurement of power difficulty, problem rambunctious, and significantly promote pretightning force control precision and efficiency
Figure of description
Fig. 1 is singly to be bolted experimental piece structure chart.
Fig. 2 is the different torque-pretightning force relation curves tightened under the conditions of contact surface roughness.
Fig. 3 is that difference tightens the screw-down torque COEFFICIENT K curve of cyclical fluctuations under the conditions of contact surface roughness.
Fig. 4 is that difference tightens torque coefficient K mean value and standard deviation under the conditions of contact surface roughness.
Fig. 5 is different centres in conjunction with the torque coefficient K curve of cyclical fluctuations under the conditions of surface roughness.
Fig. 6 is torque coefficient mean value and its standard deviation under the conditions of different connected piece faying faces.
Fig. 7 is torque-pretightning force relation curve under the conditions of different lubricating places.
Fig. 8 is the torque coefficient K curve of cyclical fluctuations under the conditions of different lubricating places.
Fig. 9 is torque coefficient K mean value and its standard deviation under the conditions of different lubricating places.
Figure 10 is torque-pretightning force relation curve under the conditions of different lubricant types.
Figure 11 is torque coefficient K curve of cyclical fluctuations when repeating to tighten under the conditions of different lubricant types.
Figure 12 is torque coefficient K average value and standard deviation when repeating to tighten under the conditions of different lubricant types.
Specific embodiment
Technical method term of the present invention is described further below, if do not specialized, according to this
The general of field is typically belonged to be understood and be explained.
In view of the deficienciess of the prior art, providing a kind of bolt pretightening accuracy control method to ensure aeroplane engine
The accurate assembly of machine, and then improve the parameter and performance of engine.
As an implementation, in order to solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme is that a kind of aero-engine
Bolt pretightening accuracy control method, for practical aero-engine assembly in bolt pretightening accurately control provide one kind it is feasible
Solution.
Preferably, a kind of aero-engine bolt pretightening accuracy control method, including same batch bolt 1 is carried out
Piezoelectric supersonic echo method realizes the calibration of aero-engine special bolt pretightning force elongation, fits bolt pretightening and ultrasound
Functional relation (corresponding relationship) between the echo sound time difference；Based on simulation real working condition, carry out test macro build and principle
The technological parameter grouping experiment of part designs, and obtains pretightning force-torque corresponding relationship, establishes torque coefficient and correspond to parameter library.
Preferably, as shown in Figure 1,1 connecting-piece structure of bolt is made of bolt 1, nut 3 and two pieces of connected pieces 2.Bolt
1, nut 3 and connected piece 2 are all made of titanium alloy material and are made.Bolt 1 selects titanium alloy turret head screw bolt 1, specification
For M8,1 length of bolt is 50mm, performance rate 1100MPa；Nut 3 selects 1 type hex nut 3 of titanium alloy, specification M8；
Titanium plate thickness is 5mm, upper and lower bonding surfaces flatness 0.015, the depth of parallelism 0.01, and roughness becomes according to different process requirement of experiment
Change, range is Ra0.4-Ra3.2.To guarantee that experimental result has parameter values, the side such as titanium plate thickness, 1 aperture of bolt and material
Face has carried out reasonable reference to the actual conditions of aero-engine.
Preferably, aero-engine bolt pretightening accuracy control method, including navigated based on piezoelectric supersonic echo method
The calibration of special bolt pretightning force elongation is sent out, and the test macro based on simulation real working condition is built and set with technological parameter grouping
Meter, the method execute following steps:
Step 1, navigate same batch hair special bolt 1, takes out five bolts 1 at random, pastes piezoelectric supersonic patch and is allowed to
As intelligent bolt 1, selection is wherein used as calibration bolt 1 for two, and is labeled as B1, B2, and excess-three root is test bolt
1, it is labeled as C1, C2, C3, gives over to tightening test use；
Calibration with B1 and B2 bolt 1 is added to stretching-machine using tooling, and sets clamping length L by step 2, and with surpassing
Sound measurement instrument chooses a certain echo-peak as monitoring point and records the echo time T0 of the point；
Then step 3 is read using stretching-machine with 5KN step-loaded 5-25KN, per stage guarantor load 10s using ultrasonic meter
The echo time Tn of monitoring point when carrying is protected in power taking；
The stretching-machine pulling force indicating value of B1 and B2 bolt 1 is imported into ultrasonic meter software systems respectively by step 4, is generated
Pre-tighten force curve harmony deviation curve；
Step 5, fitting pre-tighten force curve harmony deviation curve, obtain the batch bolt pretightening-sound time difference relation curve,
And the pretightning force sound time difference table of comparisons is generated, it in the measurements can be according to the sound time difference value and pretightning force and elongation monitored
1 deflection of functional relation and bolt-sound time difference transformational relation directly read preload force value, to complete 1 staking-out work of bolt；
Step 6, the test macro based on simulation real working condition are built, and test macro includes: test fixture, piezoelectric supersonic survey
Test system, intelligent bolt 1, principle tests part and the Electric torque wrench with moment of torsion control function；Test variable friction condition
Include: unlubricated, molybdenum disulfide lubrication, lithium base grease；It includes N1, N2, N3 that test variable difference, which tightens speed,；
Calibration principle part is fixed on test fixture by step 7, is taken out C1 test bolt 1 and is carried out using unlubricated mode
Tightening technique experiment；
Step 8, in ultrasonic meter operation interface, choose a certain echo-peak manually as monitoring point；
Step 9 tightens revolving speed N1 with Electric torque wrench setting, and final value torque T waits 3 minutes after load, reads and stablizes
Preload force value F11 under state, it is N2 that speed is tightened in repetitive operation change, and records and pre-tighten force value F12, and repetitive operation, which changes, twists
Tight speed is N3, and records and pre-tighten force value F13, according to formula K=T/dF, calculate separately out corresponding torque coefficient k11, k12,
k13；
Calibration principle part is fixed on test fixture by step 10, is taken out C2 test bolt 1 and is used molybdenum disulfide lubrication side
Formula carries out tightening technique experiment；
Step 11, in ultrasonic meter operation interface, choose a certain echo-peak manually as monitoring point；
Step 12 tightens revolving speed N1 with Electric torque wrench setting, and final value torque T waits 3 minutes after load, reads steady
Determine the preload force value F21 under state, it is N2 that speed is tightened in repetitive operation change, and records and pre-tighten force value F22, and repetitive operation changes
Tightening speed is N3, and records and pre-tighten force value F23, according to formula K=T/dF, calculate separately out corresponding torque coefficient k21,
k22,k23；
Calibration principle part is fixed on test fixture by step 13, is taken out C3 test bolt 1 and is lubricated using lithium base grease
Mode carries out tightening technique experiment；
Step 14, in ultrasonic meter operation interface, choose a certain echo-peak manually as monitoring point；
Step 15 tightens revolving speed N1 with Electric torque wrench setting, and final value torque T waits 3 minutes after load, reads steady
Determine the preload force value F31 under state, it is N2 that speed is tightened in repetitive operation change, and records and pre-tighten force value F32, and repetitive operation changes
Tightening speed is N3, and records and pre-tighten force value F33, according to formula K=T/dF, calculate separately out corresponding torque coefficient k31,
k32,k33；
Step 16 is completed under dry conditions, under molybdenum disulfide lubricating condition, difference tightens speed under the conditions of lithium base grease
Torque coefficient under degree corresponds to technological parameter library.
The functional relation of pretightning force and elongation, F=E*S* Δ L, wherein F is bolt pretightening, and E is 1 material of bolt
Elasticity modulus, S are 1 sectional area of bolt, and Δ L is the deflection of bolt 1, and L is the secondary clamping length of bolt 1.
1 deflection of bolt-sound time difference transformational relation,Wherein v is Mechanical Longitudinal Waves in bolt 1
Interior spread speed, finally the function served as bridge by ultrasound measurement system according to Δ L, is closed in conjunction with the function of pretightning force and elongation
System, F=E*S* Δ L establish ultrasound measurement system pretightning force-sound time difference relationship straight line.
Preferably, the transmitting of 1 system of intelligent bolt and reception ultrasonic pulse electric signal, measure and calculate transmitting and echo electricity
Time difference between signal；In a free state, transmitting and the time difference received between electric signal are T0 to bolt 1, and bolt 1 is fastening
Under state, the transmitting of bolt 1 and the time difference received between electric signal are T1, thus according to electric signal transmitting-receiving time difference and bolt 1
Deflection relationship, obtain the deflection of bolt 1.
As an implementation, it is related that the factors such as face and the material of bolt and nut 3, structure and lubricating condition are threadedly engaged
System, tightens at contact surface since there are larger frictions, can make a significant impact on tightening.This programme uses unitary variant method,
When being studied for a certain contact surface, remaining contact surface roughness is consistent, and only studied contact surface roughness is arranged
Then certain gradient carries out tightening operation using identical assembly technology, conditions and environment, finally to bolt pretightening, torsion
Moment coefficient etc. compares, and obtains influence experimental technique condition data of the contact surface roughness to pretightning force.
Preferably, when influence of the contact surface roughness to pretightning force is tightened in research, unique variable is set, i.e., under different situations
Connected piece 2 surface roughness, four groups are divided into 1 experimental piece of bolt respectively and is numbered, No. 1 experimental group is tightened and connect
The roughness of contacting surface is Ra3.2, and the roughness that No. 2 experimental groups tighten contact surface is Ra1.6, and No. 3 experimental groups tighten contact surface
Roughness is Ra0.8, and the roughness that No. 4 experimental groups tighten contact surface is Ra0.4, carries out weight to experimental piece by screw-down torque gradient
It tightens again, tests random error to eliminate, repeat to tighten 5 times under the conditions of each screw-down torque.By experimental data, obtain not
With tightening torque-preload force curve under the conditions of surface roughness, as shown in figure 5, four groups of torque-preloads obtained in the figure
Power relation curve meets theoretic linear relationship, and with the variation for tightening surface roughness, torque-pretightning force relationship
Significant change occurs.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 6, according to above-mentioned experimental data, drafting obtains difference and tightens contact surface roughness condition
The curve of cyclical fluctuations figure of lower screw-down torque COEFFICIENT K, as we know from the figure with the reduction for tightening contact surface roughness, torque coefficient K meeting
It reduces, i.e., lower contact surface roughness of tightening is conducive to conversion of the screw-down torque to pretightning force.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 7, being obtained by the calculating to above-mentioned experiment torque coefficient K mean value and standard deviation such as Fig. 7
Shown in analysis as a result, with the reduction for tightening contact surface roughness, torque coefficient K mean value reduces, and standard deviation reduces, and K value is steady
Qualitative raising.
As an implementation, influence of the surface roughness to pretightning force is combined for research connected piece 2, unique become is set
Amount, i.e., the combination surface roughness of the connected piece 2 under different situations are divided into four groups to 1 experimental piece of bolt respectively and are numbered,
The roughness of faying face is Ra3.2 among No. 1 experimental group, and the roughness of faying face is Ra1.6, No. 3 experiments among No. 2 experimental groups
The roughness of the intermediate faying face of group is Ra0.8, and the roughness of faying face is Ra0.4 among No. 4 experimental groups, by screw-down torque gradient
Experimental piece is carried out repeating to tighten, random error is tested to eliminate, repeats to tighten 5 times under the conditions of each screw-down torque.Such as Fig. 9
It is shown, according to experimental data, draws and obtain the fluctuation that different connected pieces 2 combine screw-down torque COEFFICIENT K under the conditions of surface roughness
Curve graph.The analysis from figure is it is found that combine surface roughness, screw-down torque values of factor K and its fluctuation feelings for different connected pieces 2
Condition variation is very small.
Preferably, as shown in Figure 10, torque coefficient K mean value and mark under different 2 faying faces of connected piece is obtained by calculation
The histogram of quasi- difference, it can be deduced that, as connected piece 2 combines the reduction of surface roughness, torque coefficient K mean value has faint subtract
Small, standard deviation is held essentially constant.According to the above analysis of experimental results: when calibrated wrench method control is tightened, connected piece 2
Effect is had no significant effect to the formation of bolt pretightening in conjunction with surface roughness；Connected piece 2 combine surface roughness to tighten turn round
Moment coefficient and its stability have no significant effect.
As an implementation, the influence for research surface to pretightning force, is arranged unique variable, i.e., different lubricant housings
Influence to pretightning force, be divided into five groups to 1 experimental piece of bolt respectively and be numbered: experimental group A is unlubricated；Experimental group B bolt
1 flank is unlubricated, 3 end face grease lubrication of nut；1 flank grease lubrication of experimental group C bolt, 3 end face of nut are unlubricated；Experiment
Group 1 flank grease lubrication of D bolt, 3 end face grease lubrication of nut；Experimental group E bolt 1,3 flank grease lubrication of nut, 3 end face of nut
Grease lubrication.Experimental piece is carried out repeating to tighten by screw-down torque gradient, random error is tested to eliminate, in each screw-down torque item
It repeats to tighten 5 times under part.According to the above experimental data, torque-pretightning force relation curve under the conditions of different lubricating places is obtained
As shown in figure 12.As shown in figure 12, torque-pretightning force relationship that this experiment obtains substantially conforms to linear relationship, and different profits
Sliding position can make a significant impact bolt pretightening.
Preferably, the curve of cyclical fluctuations figure of torque coefficient K when carrying out repeating to tighten under the conditions of different lubricating places.From figure
Analysis is it is found that lubricating place has a significant impact torque coefficient K, and when lubrication being not added completely, K value is maximum, and stability is worst；
K value when 1 flank of bolt is grease-added is slightly smaller than K value when tightening contact surface lubrication；To 3 inner threaded surface of nut
Rear K value is lubricated to be substantially reduced.
Preferably, the average value and standard deviation variation diagram of torque coefficient K under the conditions of different lubricating places is obtained by calculation,
Learnt from figure, to tighten contact surface, 1 flank of bolt and 3 inner threaded surface of nut it is grease-added simultaneously when torque coefficient K it is equal
Value is minimum, the conversion most beneficial for screw-down torque to pretightning force, and K value standard deviation is minimum, and stability is best, most beneficial for repetition
The raising of bolt pretightening stability when tightening.
As an implementation, the influence for research lubricant type to pretightning force, is arranged unique variable, i.e., different profits
Influence of the lubrication prescription type to pretightning force, be divided into four groups to 1 experimental piece of bolt respectively and be numbered: experimental group A is unlubricated；Experiment
The group common lithium base grease of B；Experimental group C molybdenum disulphide grease；Experimental group D pyrographite lubricating grease.For different experiments
Group, repeats to tighten repeatedly according to certain screw-down torque gradient, guarantees that dosage is essentially identical when smearing lubricant every time, every time
Screw-down torque and screw bolt pretightening force are detected after the completion of tightening and are recorded.Under the conditions of obtaining different lubricant types by experiment
Screw-down torque-pretightning force relationship change curve graph, it can be seen that screw-down torque-pretightning force relationship that this experiment obtains meets
Linear relationship, and different lubricant types have a significant impact pretightning force.
Preferably, screw-down torque system when obtaining carrying out repeating to tighten under the conditions of different lubricant types according to experimental data
The variation rule curve figure of number K, the analysis from figure is it is found that lubricant type has a significant impact torque coefficient K, wherein using height
When warm graphited oil is lubricated, K value is minimum, i.e. the conversion most beneficial for torque to pretightning force, molybdenum disulphide grease
It, common lithium base grease effect is worst.
Preferably, be obtained by calculation when repeating to tighten under the conditions of different lubricant types the average value of torque coefficient K and
Standard deviation figure, the analysis from figure is it is found that when using pyrographite lubricating grease, and K value average value is minimum, and standard deviation is also minimum, two sulphur
Change molybdenum lubricating grease to take second place, common lithium base grease K value average value is maximum, and standard deviation is maximum；Meanwhile when being lubricated before tightening, K
It is worth standard deviation very little, i.e. K value fluctuation very little, different lubricant types are very small to K value stability influence.
As an implementation, when being tightened using moment of torsion control method, tightening surface roughness has the formation of pretightning force
Significantly affect effect；Surface roughness reduction is tightened, torque coefficient K reduces, and K value standard deviation reduces, i.e., for same size
Torque, tighten surface roughness it is lower when, bigger bolt pretightening can be converted into, advantageously ensure that bolt pretightening is steady
It is qualitative.Connected piece 2 has no significant effect effect to the formation of bolt pretightening in conjunction with surface roughness；2 faying face of connected piece
Roughness has no significant effect screw-down torque coefficient and its stability.Lubricating condition has very the generation of bolt pretightening
Significant impact, lubrication are conducive to screw-down torque and improve to the transformation efficiency of bolt pretightening, are conducive to screw-down torque COEFFICIENT K drop
Low and stability raising；The improvement for tightening quality is slightly better than in 1 flank of bolt lubrication and tightens contact surface lubrication；
Lubricating grease is smeared in 3 inner threaded surface of nut be conducive to the raising of pretightning force, be conducive to that torque coefficient K is reduced and its stability mentions
Height advantageously ensures that the fluctuation for generating enough clamping forces and reducing when its repetition is tightened.Moistened before tightening using different lubricants
When sliding, the influence to pretightning force and torque coefficient K has significant difference；Three kinds of lubricating grease high temperature graphited oils to tighten effect
The improvement result of fruit is best, and molybdenum disulphide grease takes second place, and common lithium base grease effect is worst.
Beneficial effects of the present invention demarcate pretightning force by piezoelectric supersonic echo method, can tie to avoid connecting to bolt 1
The destruction of structure and its self performance is capable of the fastening situation of more true reaction forming structure, realizes the low mistake of bolt pretightening
Rate calibration；By carrying out the test of 1 tightening technique of bolt in advance, torque coefficient corresponds to technique under the conditions of establishing different technical parameters
Parameter library realizes the accurate control of pretightning force under the conditions of different technical parameters, completes engineer testing and instructs work.
In the case where lacking any element specifically disclosed herein, limitation, may be implemented illustrated and described herein
Invention.Used terms and expressions method is used as the term of explanation rather than limits, and is not intended in these terms and table
Up to any equivalent for excluding shown and described feature or part thereof in the use of method, and it should be realized that various remodeling exist
It is all feasible in the scope of the present invention.It is therefore to be understood that although specifically being disclosed by various embodiments and optional feature
The present invention, but the modifications and variations of concept as described herein can be used by those of ordinary skill in the art, and recognize
It is fallen into for these modifications and variations within the scope of the present invention of the appended claims restriction.
It is described herein or record article, patent, patent application and every other document and can electronically obtain
The content of information to a certain extent in full include herein by reference, just as each individual publication by specific and single
Solely point out by reference.Applicant retains from any of any this article, patent, patent application or other documents
And all material and information are incorporated into the right in the application.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of aero-engine bolt pretightening accuracy control method, which is characterized in that characterize bolt with the deformation quantity of bolt
Practical pretightning force, with puller system to bolt apply pulling force F, with ultrasonic pulse-echo method measurement stretch before bolt echo time T0With
Bolt echo time T after being stretched by pulling force F1, using pulling force as pretightning force, establish pretightning force-sound deviation curve；Determine assembly
Process conditions establish the contrast relationship library of final value torque Yu bolt deformation quantity at the designated process conditions；Process conditions include: profit
Sliding condition and or tighten speed and or torque spanner load step and or bolt tighten number, and or nut style.
2. a kind of aero-engine bolt pretightening accuracy control method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that pre-tighten
The relationship of power and deformation quantity are as follows: F=E*S* △ L, wherein F is bolt pretightening, and E is the elasticity modulus of bolt material, and S is bolt
Sectional area, Δ L are the deflection of bolt, and L is the clamping length of bolt pair；Bolt deformation quantity is measured with ultrasonic pulse-echo method,Wherein v is spread speed of the Mechanical Longitudinal Waves in bolt, T0It is sent out in a free state for bolt
Penetrate and receive the time difference between electric signal, T1Emitting and receiving the time difference between electric signal under tightening state for bolt.
3. a kind of aero-engine bolt pretightening accuracy control method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that pre-tighten
Power-sound deviation curve determines that scaling method includes: by ultrasonic pulse-echo method and stretching-machine calibration
Step 1 obtains that a collection of material composition is identical, aero-engine bolt of the identical same model of manufacture craft, at this
Stochastical sampling n root bolt is for demarcating in a batch of bolt, to calibration with bolt labeled as B1, B2 ..., Bn, n indicates the
N bolt；Piezoelectric supersonic patch is set in the end of calibration bolt, obtains a bolt as current calibration bolt；
Current calibration bolt is clamped in stretching-machine by step 2, and piezoelectric supersonic patch and ultrasonic meter establish connection, and measurement is not
Ultrasonic echo time T when stretching0, pulling force at this time is 0；
Step 3, stretching-machine apply pulling force F to current calibration bolt stage by stagei, FiIndicate the pulling force in the i-th stage, per stage stretches
Carry out guarantor's load after force, protect carry stablize after ultrasonic meter read the echo time T of monitoring point when carrying of trying hard to keepni, TniIndicate i-th
The ultrasonic echo time in stage；
Step 4, the pulling force F by each stageiWith the ultrasonic echo time T in the stageniGenerate pretightning force-sound deviation curve；
Step 5 obtains next bolt as current calibration bolt, repeats step 2~4, completes the preload of all calibration bolts
Power-sound deviation curve measurement；
Step 6, pretightning force-sound deviation curve that all pretightning forces-sound deviation curve measurement is fitted to present lot bolt.In advance
Clamp force-sound deviation curve illustrates the relationship between pretightning force and bolt deformation quantity.
4. a kind of aero-engine bolt pretightening accuracy control method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that control
The method for building up in relationship library includes:
Step 1, simulation Air Fitter condition, assembly system include test fixture, piezoelectric supersonic tester, have pressure
Bolt to be tested, principle tests part and the Electric torque wrench with moment of torsion control function of electric ultrasound patch；Setting assembly item
Part；
Calibration principle part is fixed on test fixture by step 2, is taken out test bolt and is twisted using the development of different process Variable Conditions
Tight technological experiment；
Step 3, with torque wrench, to bolt to be tested, according to assembled condition loading moment, and after protecting load and stablizing, reading bolt is pre-
Clamp force F changes the actual parameter of assembled condition, repeats to load identical termination torque T to bolt to be tested, fit identical
Termination torque T under, assembled condition parameter-preload force curve.
5. a kind of aero-engine bolt pretightening accuracy control method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that torque
Revolving speed and final value torque T are tightened in spanner setting, are carried and are waited to guarantor after bolt loading moment with torque wrench, read under stable state
Tools for bolts ' pretension force value F1；Change tightens speed and protects load waiting after torque to bolt clip, and record pre-tightens force value F again2, hold
Continuous repetitive operation changes and tightens speed and record preload force value Fn, fit under identical termination torque T, it is pre- to tighten speed-
Clamp force curve.
6. a kind of aero-engine bolt pretightening accuracy control method according to claim 4, which is characterized in that with spiral shell
The lubricating condition of line pair, the speed of tightening of torque wrench are that variable is added with torque wrench to bolt with identical final value torque T
Load waiting is protected after carrying torque, reads the tools for bolts ' pretension force value F under stable state1；Change under identical lubricating condition and tightens speed
It spends and protects load waiting after torque to bolt clip, and record pre-tightens force value F again2, continue repetitive operation, change and tighten speed and remember
Record pre-tightens force value Fn, fit under identical termination torque T, tighten speed-preload force curve under given lubricating condition；
Change lubricating condition, repeats to tighten speed as variable, read the tools for bolts ' pretension force value F under stable state, fitting
Out under identical termination torque T, speed-preload force curve is tightened under given lubricating condition.
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| CN111537131A (en) * | 2020-04-20 | 2020-08-14 | 中物院成都科学技术发展中心 | Axial pretightening force single-wave measurement method |
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| CN111537131A (en) * | 2020-04-20 | 2020-08-14 | 中物院成都科学技术发展中心 | Axial pretightening force single-wave measurement method |
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| CN114459743A (en) * | 2022-01-14 | 2022-05-10 | 东风柳州汽车有限公司 | Bolt abnormity detection method, device, equipment and storage medium |
| CN114689233A (en) * | 2022-03-21 | 2022-07-01 | 中国航天标准化研究所 | Method for determining mounting torque of threaded fastener |
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| CN114964595A (en) * | 2022-05-07 | 2022-08-30 | 东风汽车集团股份有限公司 | Method and device for measuring axial force of bolt |
| CN115031942A (en) * | 2022-05-27 | 2022-09-09 | 南京航空航天大学 | Method for determining bolt tightening process parameters for assembling composite material structure |
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