CN110513242A - It is a kind of with vibration frequency be main clue power station stable fault diagnostic method - Google Patents
It is a kind of with vibration frequency be main clue power station stable fault diagnostic method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110513242A CN110513242A CN201910742863.9A CN201910742863A CN110513242A CN 110513242 A CN110513242 A CN 110513242A CN 201910742863 A CN201910742863 A CN 201910742863A CN 110513242 A CN110513242 A CN 110513242A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
- F03B11/008—Measuring or testing arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
- F03B15/00—Controlling
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2260/00—Function
- F05B2260/80—Diagnostics
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)
- Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
It is the power station stable fault diagnostic method of main clue that the present invention relates to a kind of with vibration frequency, and this method is first that main clue carries out the first subseries with vibration, the fluctuating frequency of pressure, distinguishes vibration frequency and source of trouble one-to-one correspondence type fault signature；Followed by other sources of trouble by vibration frequency whether be the hydraulic turbine turn frequency integral multiple carry out the second subseries, the fault signature for turning frequency integral multiple not equal to the hydraulic turbine to vibration frequency is distinguished by failure-frequency range and main feature, turns frequency integral multiple fault signature equal to the hydraulic turbine to vibration frequency and fault signature scalping method is then used to screen；Finally unobvious to fault signature or multiple possible breakdown features mutually mix, and when also being difficult to accurately distinguish the source of trouble with monitoring fault signature, need to carry out variable speed, become the test of the specific aims such as excitation, varying duty, further determine that the source of trouble.The present invention gradually approaches the source of trouble, diagnosis effect clearly can the phase using the method for peeling layer by layer as a result,.
Description
Technical field
It is the power station stable fault diagnostic method of main clue that the present invention relates to a kind of with vibration frequency, belongs to water engineer
Tool technical field.
Background technique
With CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics, computational fluid dynamics) technology and numerical control processing system
The development of technology and being widely used for excellent stainless steel material are made, turbine efficiency increases substantially, the flow passage components such as runner
Anti- cavitation corrosion, polishing machine constantly improve, and the major failure and defect encountered in hydroelectric station operation is increasingly to operation stability
Aspect is concentrated or inclination, has been increasingly becoming main bugbear or the source of failure that hydraulic turbine operation maintenance faces.
For the safe and stable operation for ensureing power station, many power station settings establish operating states of the units monitoring system,
On the one hand repair based on condition of component needs are served, on the one hand to realize that platform is built in Intelligent fault diagnosis, provides technical support.At this
In a little status monitoring, repair based on condition of component and fault diagnosis systems, core content is always unit operation stability.With regard to stable fault
Intelligent diagnostics for, difficult point is in hydraulic stability.To find out its cause, be because many hydraulic stability problem mechanism not very
It is clear, it is difficult to carry out deep from outward appearance to inner essence analysis according to wild effect, Accurate Diagnosis is out of order reason, and mostly uses various
Statistical method or fuzzy mathematics method carry out probability analysis, provide the general clue of multifactor difficult point of secondary uncle, it is difficult to give power station
Operation and maintenance cause the stable fault intelligent diagnostics in power station to be hesitated to move forward for a long time with objective effective guidance or help, into
It opens up very slow.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above-mentioned problems, it is the power station stability event of main clue that the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of with vibration frequency
Hinder diagnostic method, to diagnose to the vibration that encounters in hydroelectric station operation, pressure fluctuation equistability failure, determines its failure
Reason and attribute.
To achieve the above object, the present invention takes following technical scheme: it is a kind of with vibration frequency be main clue power station
Stable fault diagnostic method, comprising the following steps:
Step 1: using vibration, the fluctuating frequency of pressure as clue, Hydropower Plant operation stability divide for the first time
Class: if vibration frequency belong to source of trouble one-to-one correspondence type fault signature, directly determine the source of trouble of vibration, otherwise carry out down
The diagnosis of one step；
Whether step 2: being that the hydraulic turbine turns the whole of frequency by vibration frequency when vibration frequency and the source of trouble are different a pair of seasonable
Several times carry out the second subseries:
If vibration frequency is not the integral multiple that the hydraulic turbine turns frequency, and belongs to one section of vibration fault frequency range and correspond to a kind of vibration
Dynamic failure, a variety of vibration fault frequency ranges mutually overlapped fault type, combination failure substantive characteristics and vibration frequency range
It is common to determine the source of trouble；
If vibration frequency is that the hydraulic turbine turns the integral multiple of frequency and single vibration frequency corresponds to multiple vibration source type vibrations, use
Failure essential feature scalping method screens possible breakdown source: one source of trouble essential feature of discovery and troubleshooting are main special
Sign does not correspond to, then rejects the source of trouble, surplus to the rest is the possible source of trouble；
Step 3: it when fault signature is unobvious or multiple possible breakdown features mutually mix, is also difficult to monitoring fault signature
When accurately distinguishing the source of trouble, it need to be supplemented in the test of row specific aim, to distinguish the influence of machinery, electromagnetism, waterpower aspect factor, carried out
More careful diagnosis finally determines the source of trouble.
The power station stable fault diagnostic method, it is preferred that it is various unstable that this method is based on following power station
The characteristics of problem and rule:
1) many hydroenergy storage stations and installation Francis turbine, the Hydropower Plant of tubular turbine and workshop vibration
It is dynamic serious, it is due to its vibration frequency f1=int (Zg/Zr)·fn, wherein ZgFor guide vane number, ZrFor runner blade the piece number, fnTo turn
Fast frequency；
2) the arciform convolution of self-excitation is divided to revolution and rotation in the same direction and revolution is with reverse two kinds of rotation: if hydraulic turbine main shaft center
Revolution around runner envelope center is identical with main shaft sense of rotation, then main shaft throw, the bear vibration frequency measured is that main shaft faces
Boundary's speed-frequency；If main-shaft core revolution and main shaft sense of rotation on the contrary, if the main shaft throw, the bear vibration frequency that measure be
The difference of main shaft critical speed frequency and rated speed frequency；
3) vortex tape frequency fvIt should be speed-frequency fnWith guide vane number ZgProduct, i.e. fv=Zg·fn。
The power station stable fault diagnostic method, it is preferred that the specific aim test is progress variable speed, becomes and encourage
The test of magnetic or varying duty.
The invention adopts the above technical scheme, which has the following advantages: 1, the present invention is to be based on applicant to water
Power machinery hydraulic stability frequecy characteristic, pressure fluctuation propagation law propose on the basis of being furtherd investigate, in conjunction with to water
The three aspect factors such as power station waterpower, electromagnetism and machinery cause the summary and induction of various vibration fault frequency characteristics, and as master
Clue gradually approaches the source of trouble using the method for peeling layer by layer, and diagnosis effect clearly can the phase.2, the present invention is built upon application
People has grasped comprehensively on this essence understanding basis of various stable fault frequecy characteristics, and the connection between theory and practice has scientific base
Plinth.
Specific embodiment
Presently preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below, to be clearer to understand the purpose of the present invention, spy
Point and advantage.
Firstly, applicant summarizes as follows in carrying out hydraulic pressure fluctuation genesis mechanism and propagation law research
The various instability problems in power station the characteristics of and rule after propose:
1) many hydroenergy storage stations and installation Francis turbine, the Hydropower Plant of tubular turbine and workshop vibration
It is dynamic serious, it is due to its vibration frequency f1=int (Zg/Zr)·fn, wherein ZgFor guide vane number, ZrFor runner blade the piece number, fnTo turn
Fast frequency, this explanation produce large range of cavitation cavity, the sky around the guide vane of the hydraulic turbine (or pump turbine)
Change cavity and generates additonal pressure pulsation under leaf frequency pressure fluctuation agitation.It, should if it is Francis turbine or pump turbine
Cavitation cavity results from the separation of flow vortex of vane inlet, and tubular turbine then results from clearance flow between guide vane end face, it is equal because
For vortex center flow velocity is high and generates cavitation.
2) the arciform convolution of self-excitation is divided to revolution and rotation in the same direction and revolution is with reverse two kinds of rotation: if hydraulic turbine main shaft center
Revolution around runner envelope center is identical with main shaft sense of rotation, then main shaft throw, the bear vibration frequency measured is that main shaft faces
Boundary's speed-frequency；If main-shaft core revolution and main shaft sense of rotation on the contrary, if the main shaft throw, the bear vibration frequency that measure be
The difference of main shaft critical speed frequency and rated speed frequency.
3) vortex tape frequency fvIt should be speed-frequency fnWith guide vane number ZgProduct, i.e. fv=Zg·fn.Especially occur
The vortex tape of inlet edge of runner blade, when its rotation is by guide vane, the circumferential differential pressure meeting of guide vane outlet edge
Its influence is applied on vortex tape: when vortex tape cavitation cavity encounters guide vane outlet low-pressure section, vortex tape pressure reduction can be made,
Cavitation cavity is caused further to expand；When vortex tape cavitation cavity encounters guide vane outlet high-pressure section, vortex tape pressure can be made
Increase, causes cavitation cavity to shrink and even crumble and fall；Such cyclically-varying then can apply a density to water body in runner channel and become
The pressure wave of change, i.e. longitudinal wave.Since the vortex tape is rotated with runner, speed is to turn frequency, and rotation, which is turned around, encounters ZgA guide vane,
Cause ZgSecondary expansion-contraction causes the fluctuating frequency of pressure to be equal to Zg·fn。
4) it summarizes to existing research achievement, could also generalize to the following rule:
1. the pulsation of sub-load draft tube eddy stress causes to vibrate, vibration frequency f1=(0.1~0.5) fn；
2. pressure pulsation in high partial load operation causes to vibrate, vibration frequency f1=(1~4) fn；
3. mechanical or waterpower imbalance causes radial vibration, throw, vibration frequency f1=1fn；
Either statically or dynamically 4. non-uniform air-gap causes to vibrate generator, stator vibration frequency be turn/pole frequency or turn/pole again
Frequently；
5. the subharmonic oscillation that fractional-slot winding generates, vibration frequency is 2 times of pole frequencies；
6. class turns frequency pressure fluctuation, vibration frequency f1=(0.8~1.5) fn；
7. main shaft or runner labyrinth ring are oval, vibration frequency f1=2fn；
8. shaft is tortuous, thrust bearing sliding surface and main shaft out of plumb, upper and lower seal ring decentraction of the hydraulic turbine etc. cause to shake
It is dynamic, throw is big, vibration frequency f1=1fn；..., etc..
As it can be seen that being directed to each vibration fault, applicant is aware that its frequency range and vibration performance.Therefore, applicant
A kind of power station stable fault diagnostic method is proposed as train of thought, this method is that main clue divides failure with vibration frequency
Source group, then the source of trouble is found using classification exclusive method, carry out part complementary testing when necessary, is protected for power plant safety stable operation
Convoy is driven, specifically includes the following steps:
Step 1: using vibration, the fluctuating frequency of pressure as clue, Hydropower Plant operation stability divide for the first time
Class: if vibration frequency belong to source of trouble one-to-one correspondence type fault signature, directly determine the source of trouble of vibration, otherwise carry out down
The diagnosis of one step.
For example, if vibration frequency f1Equal to critical speed frequency fcOr critical speed frequency fcWith rated speed frequency
Rate fnDifference (fc-fn), it is determined that the arciform whirling vibration of self-excitation occurs；If unit and factory vibration frequency f1Equal to int (Zg/
Zr)·fn, then a clearance flow cavitation (bulb through-flow turbine) or separation of flow whirlpool cavitation (mixed flow has occurred in explanation around guide vane
Reversible Pump-Turbine etc.), the expansion-contraction cycle of cavitation cavity generates additonal pressure pulsation, and the frequency is caused to be shaken strongly
It is dynamic.In addition to this, the vibration of the frequencies such as vortex band pressure fluctuation, karman vortex vibration, power frequency vibration also belongs to what the source of trouble relatively determined
Pressure fluctuation or vibration.
Whether step 2: being that the hydraulic turbine turns the whole of frequency by vibration frequency when vibration frequency and the source of trouble are different a pair of seasonable
Several times carry out the second subseries: if vibration frequency is not the integral multiple that the hydraulic turbine turns frequency, and belonging to one section of vibration fault frequency model
Enclose a kind of corresponding vibration fault, a variety of vibration fault frequency ranges mutually overlapped fault type, combination failure substantive characteristics and
Vibration frequency range determines the source of trouble jointly.
For example, class turns frequency pressure fluctuation and pressure pulsation in high partial load operation frequency is not the integral multiple for turning frequency, all
There is a certain range, and there are also significant portion of overlap joints, are difficult to distinguish only according to frequency.It at this time can be according to the power model respectively occurred
It encloses, either with or without occurring, pressure oscillation (class turn frequency pressure fluctuation mostly occur pressure oscillation), load pulsation whether occurs, and (class turns frequency and presses
Power pulsation mostly occur load pulsation) etc. distinguish.
If vibration frequency is that the hydraulic turbine turns the integral multiple of frequency and single vibration frequency corresponds to multiple vibration source type vibrations, use
Failure essential feature scalping method screens possible breakdown source: one source of trouble essential feature of discovery and troubleshooting are main special
Sign does not correspond to, then rejects the source of trouble, surplus to the rest is the possible source of trouble.
In addition, in order to further determine the source of trouble, when vibration frequency is the integral multiple for turning frequency, in combination with other packets
The feature of the information containing clear failure carries out fault identification, by taking Hydropower Unit orbit of shaft center as an example, if the main shaft of Hydropower Unit
In the presence of slightly misaligning, then orbit of shaft center is oval；If because bearing shell inclination caused seriously to misalign failure, orbit of shaft center
In outer " 8 " font, and 2 times to turn frequency ingredient larger；If the rotor of Hydropower Unit exists uneven, orbit of shaft center is close to positive round；
If there is rubbing failure, then orbit of shaft center is full of twists and turns, also includes jagged ingredient caused by colliding.
Step 3: it when fault signature is unobvious or multiple possible breakdown features mutually mix, is also difficult to monitoring fault signature
When accurately distinguishing the source of trouble, it need to be supplemented in the test of row specific aim, such as carry out variable speed, become the test such as excitation or varying duty, with
The influence of machinery, electromagnetism, waterpower etc. factor is distinguished, more careful diagnosis is carried out, finally determines the source of trouble.
The various embodiments described above are merely to illustrate the present invention, wherein the structure of each component, connection type and manufacture craft etc. are all
It can be varied, all equivalents and improvement carried out based on the technical solution of the present invention should not exclude
Except protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. it is a kind of with vibration frequency be main clue power station stable fault diagnostic method, which is characterized in that including following step
It is rapid:
Step 1: using vibration, the fluctuating frequency of pressure as clue, the first subseries is carried out to Hydropower Plant operation stability: if
Vibration frequency belong to source of trouble one-to-one correspondence type fault signature, then directly determine the source of trouble of vibration, otherwise carry out in next step
Diagnosis；
Whether step 2: being integral multiple that the hydraulic turbine turns frequency by vibration frequency when vibration frequency and the source of trouble are different a pair of seasonable
Carry out the second subseries:
If vibration frequency is not the integral multiple that the hydraulic turbine turns frequency, and belongs to one section of vibration fault frequency range and correspond to a kind of vibration event
Barrier, a variety of vibration fault frequency ranges mutually overlapped fault type, combination failure substantive characteristics and vibration frequency range are common
Determine the source of trouble；
If vibration frequency is that the hydraulic turbine turns the integral multiple of frequency and single vibration frequency corresponds to multiple vibration source type vibrations, using failure
Essential feature scalping method screens possible breakdown source: one source of trouble essential feature of discovery and troubleshooting main feature are not
It is corresponding, then the source of trouble is rejected, it is surplus to the rest is the possible source of trouble；
Step 3: it when fault signature is unobvious or multiple possible breakdown features mutually mix, is also difficult to accurately with monitoring fault signature
When distinguishing the source of trouble, it need to be supplemented in the test of row specific aim, to distinguish the influence of machinery, electromagnetism, waterpower aspect factor, carried out thinner
Diagnosis is caused, finally determines the source of trouble.
2. stable fault diagnostic method in power station according to claim 1, which is characterized in that this method is based on to be lauched
The characteristics of various instability problems in power station and rule:
1) many hydroenergy storage stations and installation Francis turbine, the Hydropower Plant of tubular turbine and factory vibration are tight
Weight, is due to its vibration frequency f1=int (Zg/Zr)·fn, wherein ZgFor guide vane number, ZrFor runner blade the piece number, fnFor revolving speed frequency
Rate；
2) the arciform convolution of self-excitation is divided to revolution and rotation in the same direction and revolution is with reverse two kinds of rotation: if hydraulic turbine main shaft center rotates
The revolution at engineer room center is identical with main shaft sense of rotation, then main shaft throw, the bear vibration frequency measured is critical turn of main shaft
Fast frequency；If main-shaft core revolution and main shaft sense of rotation on the contrary, if the main shaft throw, the bear vibration frequency that measure be main shaft
The difference of critical speed frequency and rated speed frequency；
3) vortex tape frequency fvIt should be speed-frequency fnWith guide vane number ZgProduct, i.e. fv=Zg·fn。
3. stable fault diagnostic method in power station according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the specific aim, which is tested, is
The test for carrying out variable speed, becoming excitation or varying duty.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111721399A (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2020-09-29 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Hydraulic building structure vibration test system and test method |
| CN111739160A (en) * | 2020-07-02 | 2020-10-02 | 哈尔滨电机厂有限责任公司 | Method for identifying dynamic and static interference vibration frequency of water turbine runner |
| CN111734568A (en) * | 2020-07-02 | 2020-10-02 | 哈尔滨电机厂有限责任公司 | Method for determining dynamic and static interference vibration energy of water turbine |
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