CN110512623B - Setting method for anchorage of slope rock mass - Google Patents
Setting method for anchorage of slope rock mass Download PDFInfo
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- CN110512623B CN110512623B CN201910783212.4A CN201910783212A CN110512623B CN 110512623 B CN110512623 B CN 110512623B CN 201910783212 A CN201910783212 A CN 201910783212A CN 110512623 B CN110512623 B CN 110512623B
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 190
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 216
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 46
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000012938 design process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- MJLGNAGLHAQFHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenopyrite Chemical compound [S-2].[Fe+3].[As-] MJLGNAGLHAQFHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 36
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- KTTMEOWBIWLMSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N diarsenic trioxide Chemical compound O1[As](O2)O[As]3O[As]1O[As]2O3 KTTMEOWBIWLMSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 8
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
- E02D5/76—Anchorings for bulkheads or sections thereof in as much as specially adapted therefor
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)
- Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a setting method for anchorage of an adjacent slope rock mass, which comprises the following steps: acquiring the geometric dimension of the slope rock mass to be detected and the vertical crack opening of the slope rock mass; and calculating the required number of anchor holes, the distance between the anchor holes and the length of the anchor rod body according to the geometric dimension of the slope rock mass and the opening degree of the vertical cracks. The method can effectively reduce subjectivity and experience of rock mass anchoring setting, and the anchoring setting method can be used for guiding the process realization of the slope rock mass anchoring grouting, thereby realizing the scientification and refinement of anchoring and reinforcing and laying a good foundation for ensuring the anchoring and reinforcing quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rock mass reinforcement, in particular to a setting method for rock mass anchoring of an adjacent slope.
Background
Rocks often exhibit complex erosion patterns due to wind erosion, water erosion, freeze-thaw, and gravity erosion interactions.
The rock body usually has block-shaped erosion and a large number of vertical cracks, the cracks form a channel for water infiltration, under the action of freeze-thaw cycle and water erosion, the cracks are continuously cut downwards, the gripping force on two sides of the crack surface is lost, so that the arsenopyrite rock body on the slope surface is completely separated from the parent body, the tendencies of falling and overturning are generated, and when a certain limit state is reached, the arsenopyrite rock body suddenly collapses to form block-shaped gravity erosion.
The collapse of rock mass on an impending slope often has serious consequences such as: the slope rock mass collapse on the two sides of the highway can cause the disruption of the highway and even harm the life and property safety of pedestrians.
Taking arsenopyrite as an example: a special sandstone, namely, sandstone, is distributed in the region of Aldos Gaoyuan of China, and the area is about 1.67 km2The soil erosion modulus can reach 76000t/km2A. Although the arsenicum sand area only occupies 2.6 percent of the total area of the loess plateau area, the sand yield occupies about 30 percent of the coarse silt of the yellow river input into the whole loess plateau areaOn the right, it is the key area for water and soil conservation in the midstream of the yellow river.
The main reason for high sand yield is the special lithology of arsenopyrite. Due to poor cementation degree among particles, low structural strength, high montmorillonite content, water swelling and argillization and the freezing and thawing circulation action, the rock structure is easy to damage, and a composite erosion mode is presented under the interaction of wind erosion, water erosion, freezing and thawing and gravity erosion. Wherein the gravity erosion accounts for more than 30 percent of the total erosion amount, and loose accumulation generated by the gravity erosion is a main source for generating sand by the soil erosion in the midstream of the yellow river. Therefore, the method has important significance for controlling soil erosion and reducing yellow mud sand entering by strengthening the treatment of gravity erosion of the arsenopyrite region.
The gravity erosion mainly has the expression forms of diarrhea, collapse, slumping and the like, wherein the block-shaped gravity erosion phenomenon mainly in the form of collapse is prominent, the occurrence of the gravity erosion phenomenon is sudden, and the erosion amount and the destructiveness are often large.
A large number of vertical cracks are usually formed in a arsenopyrite layer subjected to block-shaped erosion, the cracks form a channel for water flow infiltration, the cracks are continuously cut downwards under the action of freeze-thaw cycle and water erosion, and the gripping force on two sides of the crack surface is lost, so that the arsenopyrite body on the slope surface is completely separated from a parent body, the trend of falling and overturning is generated, and the arsenopyrite body suddenly collapses when reaching a certain limit state to form block-shaped gravity erosion.
The white sandstone is overturned, and the collapse mainly refers to that the white sandstone cannot be supported after the red sandstone at the lower end of the white sandstone is weathered, and the white sandstone and the main body of the white sandstone generate vertical fractures, so that the white sandstone near the slope surface collapses.
The reinforcement of the arsenopyrite is one of the important measures for controlling water and soil loss, and the reinforcement generally adopts an iron wire net to net the rock mass to prevent the rock mass from collapsing at present; also have the mode of adopting cement anchor, but cement mortar is adopted to cement anchor's anchor body, because water is the cement mortar principal ingredients, can cause the destruction to the sandstone structure for anchor effect is seriously weakened or even loses anchor effect completely, and present construction is mostly according to constructor's construction experience, has very big subjectivity.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a method for setting rock mass anchoring of an adjacent slope surface, which can realize scientification and refinement of anchor rod setting and ensure construction quality.
An adjacent slope rock mass anchoring setting method comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring the geometric dimension of an adjacent slope rock mass to be detected and the vertical crack opening of the adjacent slope rock mass; the geometrical dimensions of the slope rock mass comprise the height of the rock mass and the geometrical dimensions of the horizontal cross section of the rock mass;
s2, calculating the number of required anchor holes, the distance between the anchor holes and the length of an anchor rod body according to the geometric dimension of the rock mass of the slope and the opening degree of the vertical cracks;
the step S2 specifically includes:
s21, determining the gravity center position of the rock mass and the gravity G of the horizontal direction unit length of the rock mass according to the geometric dimension of the horizontal cross section of the geometric dimension of the rock mass;
s22, calculating a rock mass overturning moment M according to the unit length gravity G of the rock mass in the horizontal direction;
s23, calculating the number of required anchor rods, the distance between anchor holes and the length of an anchor rod body according to the height h of the rock body, the overturning moment M and the vertical crack opening b.
Preferably, the step S22 is specifically:
calculating the rock mass overturning moment M according to the gravity G of the rock mass in the horizontal direction; marking the horizontal distance a between the inner side of the bottom surface of the rock mass and the center of gravity O of the cross section as E, and the horizontal distance z between the inner side point C of the bottom surface of the rock mass and the center of gravity O of the cross section as Zg；
When z isg<When a, taking the inner side point C of the bottom surface of the rock body as the overturning rotation center, and taking the horizontal distance z from the center of gravity of the cross section to the point CgAs a rotary arm, according to the formula M ═ GzgCalculating the overturning moment;
when z isg>When a, taking a point E with a horizontal distance a from the inner side of the bottom surface of the rock body to the center of gravity of the cross section as an overturning rotation center, taking a as an overturning rotation force arm, and calculating an overturning moment according to the formula M-Ga;
wherein, the value range of a is as follows: a is more than or equal to 0.1m and less than or equal to 0.5 m.
Preferably, the step S23 of calculating the number of required anchor rods and the anchor hole pitch specifically includes:
when h is less than 0.5m, the number of the required anchor rods is 0;
when the height h of the rock mass is more than or equal to 0.5m and less than 0.75m, presetting a horizontal row of anchor rods, and calculating the number of the needed horizontal row of anchor rods and the distance between anchor holes;
and when the height of the rock mass is 0.75m < h, calculating the number of required anchor rods and the distance between anchor holes.
Preferably, when the height of the rock mass is more than or equal to 0.5m and less than 0.75m, a horizontal row of anchor rods is preset, and the number of the needed horizontal row of anchor rods and the distance between anchor holes are calculated, specifically:
given a specific rod body section size c, obtaining a corresponding allowable anchoring force FmAnd an anchoring length lm；
Calculating the total anchoring force F required by the rock mass1A horizontal row of anchor holes is arranged at a distance of 0.25m from the upper edge of the rock mass, the downward inclination angle of the anchor holes to the horizontal direction is 15-20 degrees, and the anchor holes are arranged according to the F degree according to the anti-overturning stability1＝M/z1Calculating the total anchoring force F required by the rock mass in unit length1Wherein z is1The length of the force arm of the anchor rod relative to the rotating shaft;
calculating anchoring force F provided by single anchor rod2Length l of anchor hole in rock mass outside vertical fracture1Greater than the allowable anchor length lmThe anchoring force F provided by a single anchor rod2Taking an allowable anchoring force FmI.e. F2＝Fm(ii) a When the length l of the anchor hole in the rock mass outside the vertical crack1Less than the allowable anchor length lmWhen the anchor rod is used, the anchoring force provided by a single anchor rod is F2＝τc l1Wherein tau is the bonding strength between the rod body and the high polymer anchoring body;
calculating the anchoring force F required to be provided by a single anchor rod3And the horizontal spacing of the anchor holes; if F1/F2Less than or equal to 1.0, 1 anchor rod is required to be arranged in unit length along the horizontal direction, the horizontal distance between anchor holes is 1.0m, and the anchoring force required by a single anchor rod is F3＝F1(ii) a If 1.0<F1/F2Less than or equal to 2.0, 2 anchor rods are required to be arranged in unit length along the horizontal direction, the horizontal distance between anchor holes is 0.5m, and the anchoring force required by a single anchor rod is F3＝F12; if 2.0<F1/F2Less than or equal to 3.0, 3 anchor rods are required to be arranged in unit length along the horizontal direction, the horizontal distance between anchor holes is 0.33m, and the anchoring force required by a single anchor rod is F3＝F1A/3; if 3.0<F1/F2Increasing the cross section size of the anchor rod body and obtaining corresponding allowable anchoring force and anchoring length; recalculating anchoring force F provided by single anchor rod2Anchoring force F required by single anchor rod3And the horizontal distance of the anchor holes is kept until the size of the cross section of the enlarged anchor rod body meets F3-F2.
Preferably, when the height of the rock mass is not less than 0.75m and not more than h, the number of required anchor rods and the anchor hole spacing are calculated, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
given a specific rod body section size c, obtaining a corresponding allowable anchoring force FmAnd an anchoring length lm；
Calculating the total anchoring force F required by the rock mass1At 0.25m from the upper edge of the rock mass, the set anchor rod row number k is 1, the downward inclination angle with the horizontal direction is 15-20 degrees, and the angle is F according to the anti-overturning stability1＝M/z1Calculating the total anchoring force F required by the rock mass in unit length1Wherein z is1The length of a moment arm of the first row of anchor rods relative to the rotating shaft;
calculating anchoring force F provided by single anchor rod2Length l of anchor hole in rock mass outside vertical fracture1Greater than the allowable anchor length lmThe anchoring force F provided by a single anchor rod2Taking an allowable anchoring force FmI.e. F2＝Fm(ii) a When the length l of the anchor hole in the rock mass outside the vertical crack1Less than the allowable anchor length lmWhen the anchor rod is used, the anchoring force provided by a single anchor rod is F2＝τc l1Wherein tau is the bonding strength between the rod body and the high polymer anchoring body;
calculating the anchoring force F required to be provided by a single anchor rod3And the horizontal spacing of the anchor holes; if F1/F2Less than or equal to 1.0, 1 anchor rod is required to be arranged in unit length along the horizontal direction, the horizontal distance between anchor holes is 1.0m, and the anchoring force required by a single anchor rod is F3＝F1(ii) a If 1.0<F1/F2Less than or equal to 2.0, 2 anchor rods are required to be arranged in unit length along the horizontal direction, the horizontal distance between anchor holes is 0.5m, and the anchoring force required by a single anchor rod is F3＝F12; if 2.0<F1/F2Less than or equal to 3.0, 3 anchor rods are required to be arranged in unit length along the horizontal direction, the horizontal distance between anchor holes is 0.33m, and the anchoring force required by a single anchor rod is F3＝F1A/3; if 3.0<F1/F2Increasing the cross section size of the anchor rod body according to specific conditions, obtaining corresponding allowable anchoring force and anchoring length, and calculating the anchoring force F provided by a single anchor rod again2(h-(k+1)·0.25<0.25) or adding a transverse row of anchor rods (h- (k +1) · 0.25 is more than or equal to 0.25); the anchoring force F required to be provided by the single anchor rod is calculated again3And the horizontal spacing of the anchor holes.
Preferably, said 3.0<F1/F2Increasing the cross section size of the anchor rod body according to specific conditions, obtaining corresponding allowable anchoring force and anchoring length, and calculating the anchoring force F provided by a single anchor rod again2(h-(k+1)·0.25<0.25) or adding a transverse row of anchor rods (h- (k +1) · 0.25 is more than or equal to 0.25); the anchoring force F required to be provided by the single anchor rod is calculated again3And the horizontal distance of the anchor hole is as follows:
(1)h-(k+1)·0.25<when 0.25, the cross section size of the anchor rod body is increased, and corresponding allowable anchoring force and anchoring length are obtained; the anchoring force F provided by the single anchor rod is calculated again according to the calculation steps under the condition that the m is more than or equal to 0.75m and less than or equal to h2Anchoring force F required to be provided by single anchor rod3And the horizontal distance of the anchor hole is kept until the size of the cross section of the rod body of the anchor rod is increased to meet the requirement F3≤F2Wherein k is the number of anchor rod rows currently set in the design process;
(2) when h- (k +1) · 0.25 is more than or equal to 0.25, 1 row of anchor holes are additionally arranged below the current bottommost row of anchor holes at a vertical interval of 0.25m, and at the moment, k is equal to k +1, and the stability of overturning resistance is improved
Checking and calculating anchoring force F required to be provided by single anchor rod3，ziThe length of a force arm of the ith row of anchor rods relative to the overturning rotation center;
(21) if F3≤F2The anchoring force required by a single anchor rod meets the requirement;
(22) if F3>F2；
(221) When h- (k + 1). 0.25<When 0.25, the cross section size of the anchor rod body is increased, and corresponding allowable anchoring force and anchoring length are obtained; the anchoring force F provided by the single anchor rod is calculated again according to the calculation steps under the condition that the m is more than or equal to 0.75m and less than or equal to h2Anchoring force F required by single anchor rod3And the horizontal distance of the anchor hole is kept until the size of the cross section of the rod body of the anchor rod is increased to meet the requirement F3≤F2Wherein k is the number of anchor rod rows currently set in the design process;
(222) when h- (k +1) · 0.25 is more than or equal to 0.25, returning to the step (2) to continue the calculation until F3≤F2。
Preferably, the bolt shank length is calculated as:
according to l ═ l1+l2+ b/cos alpha to calculate the total length l of the anchor rod, wherein l2Required anchor length for penetrating vertical fractures into stable rock mass, /)2＝F3/τc；l1The length of an anchor rod in a rock mass outside the vertical crack is used, and b/cos alpha is the length of the anchor rod of the vertical crack section; b is the opening degree of the vertical crack on the inner side of the rock body, and alpha is the inclination angle of the anchor rod.
Preferably, the rock mass is white arsenicum sand; the anchor rod is a hollow rod body, high polymers are injected into the rod body, and the anchoring body between the rod body and the wall of the anchor hole is made of the high polymers.
The invention provides a method for setting the anchorage of an adjacent slope rock mass, which can effectively reduce the subjectivity and the experience of the setting of the anchorage of the rock mass, can be used for guiding the realization of the process of the grouting of the anchorage of the adjacent slope rock mass, realizes the scientification and refinement of the anchorage and the reinforcement, and lays a good foundation for ensuring the quality of the anchorage and the reinforcement. Particularly, aiming at white sandstone, non-water reaction high polymer is used as an anchoring material, so that the problem that the anchoring effect is seriously weakened or even completely loses the anchoring effect because the traditional cement-anchored anchoring body adopts water-containing cement mortar, the structure of the white sandstone is damaged, and the block-shaped gravity erosion of the white sandstone can be effectively treated, and the water and soil loss is reduced, thereby having important significance.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are the effect representation drawings of some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a setting method for rock mass anchoring on an adjacent slope;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the calculation of rock mass capsizing on the slope (z)g<a)；
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the calculation of rock mass capsizing on the slope (z)g>a)；
FIG. 4 is a side view of the arrangement of the rock bolts of the slope;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the design of the length of the rock bolt on the slope.
Reference numerals
11 rock mass (white arsenic sand rock mass) 12 loose rock mass (red arsenic sand rock mass)
13 vertical crack 14 anchor rod
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It will be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification and the appended claims, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.
It should be further understood that the term "and/or" as used in this specification and the appended claims refers to and includes any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Referring to fig. 1, with reference to fig. 2, 3, 4 and 5, a setting method for rock mass anchoring on an adjacent slope surface includes:
s1, acquiring the geometric dimension of an adjacent slope rock mass 11 to be detected and the opening degree of a vertical crack 13 of the adjacent slope rock mass 11; the impending slope rock mass 11 to be measured (to be treated, to be reinforced) generally generates a vertical crack 13 with the main rock mass, and because the rock mass 11 below is the loose rock mass 12, the wind is easy to change, and along with the time lapse, the rock mass 11 is about to lose the support, and the rock mass 11 can overturn and collapse. The geometric dimension of the slope facing rock mass 11 and the opening degree of the vertical crack 13 between the slope facing rock mass 11 and the main rock mass 11 are carried out on site. The geometrical dimensions of the rock mass 11 include the height of the rock mass 11, the horizontal cross-sectional geometrical dimensions of the rock mass 11, i.e. the cross-sectional geometrical dimensions close to the loose rock mass 12 face.
S2, calculating the required number of anchor holes, the required distance between the anchor holes and the length of the anchor rod 14 according to the geometric dimension of the slope rock mass 11 and the opening degree of the vertical crack 13.
S21, referring to fig. 2, determining the position of the center of gravity O of the rock mass 11 and the gravity G of the horizontal direction unit length of the rock mass 11 according to the geometric dimension of the horizontal cross section of the geometric dimension of the rock mass 11; generally, the mass center of gravity O of the rock mass 11 can be conveniently determined according to the uniform distribution of the density of the rock mass 11, and the gravity G of the horizontal direction unit length of the rock mass 11 can be calculated according to the geometric dimension of the horizontal cross section.
S22, calculating the overturning moment M of the rock mass 11 according to the unit length gravity G of the rock mass 11 in the horizontal direction; when the overturning moment M is calculated, checking calculation is further carried out according to the actual thickness of the rock mass 11, namely when the thickness of the rock mass 11 is thinner, the actual overturning moment is adopted for calculation, and when the thickness of the rock mass 11 is thicker, the preset overturning moment is adopted for calculation; referring to fig. 2 and 3, a point a of the horizontal distance a from the center of gravity O of the cross section of the inner side of the bottom surface of the rock mass 11 is designated as E, and a horizontal distance z from the center of gravity O of the cross section of the inner side point C of the bottom surface of the rock mass 11 is designated as zg。
When z isg<a, using the inner side point C of the bottom surface of the rock body 11 as the overturning rotation center, and using the horizontal distance z from the section gravity center to the point CgAs a rotary arm, according to the formula M ═ GzgAnd calculating the overturning moment.
When z isg>When a, taking a point E with a horizontal distance a from the inner side of the bottom surface of the rock body 11 to the center of gravity of the cross section as an overturning rotation center, taking a as an overturning rotation force arm, and calculating an overturning moment according to a formula M-Ga; wherein, the value range of a is generally as follows: a is more than or equal to 0.1m and less than or equal to 0.5 m.
S23, calculating the number of required anchor rods 14, the anchor hole spacing and the rod body length of the anchor rods 14 according to different heights h, overturning moments M and vertical cracks 13 and opening degrees b of the rock body 11.
(1) When h is less than 0.5m, because the height of the rock body 11 is small, the rock body has low structural strength and is easy to break after being disturbed, and the difficulty of forming the hole of the anchor hole is large, when the height h of the rock body 11 is less than 0.5m, the anchor rods 14 are not adopted for reinforcement, namely, the number of the needed anchor rods 14 is 0.
(2) When the height h of the rock mass 11 is more than or equal to 0.5m and less than 0.75m, generally presetting a transverse row of anchor rods 14, and calculating the number of the required transverse row of anchor rods 14 and the anchor hole spacing; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
given a specific rod body section size c, obtaining a corresponding allowable anchoring force FmAnd an anchoring length lm(ii) a Due to the specific rod cross-sectional dimension c, the corresponding allowable anchoring force FmAnd an anchoring length lmCan be obtained through experimental measurement.
Calculating the total anchoring force F required for the rock mass 111(ii) a Referring to fig. 4 and 5, the upper edge 0 of rock mass 1125m, a transverse row of anchor holes is arranged, the downward inclination angle of the anchor holes to the horizontal direction is 15-20 degrees, and the angle is F according to the anti-overturning stability1＝M/z1Calculating the total anchoring force F required by the rock mass 11 per unit length1Wherein z is1Is the moment arm length of the anchor 14 relative to the axis of rotation.
Calculating the anchoring force F that a single anchor 14 can provide2Length l of anchor hole in rock mass 11 outside vertical crack 131Greater than the allowable anchor length lmThe anchoring force F provided by a single anchor 142Taking an allowable anchoring force FmI.e. F2＝Fm(ii) a When the length l of the anchor hole in the rock mass 11 outside the vertical crack 131Less than the allowable anchor length lmThe anchoring force provided by a single anchor 14 is F2＝τc l1Wherein tau is the bonding strength between the rod body and the high polymer anchoring body.
Calculating the anchoring force F required to be provided by a single anchor 143And the horizontal spacing of the anchor holes; if F1/F2Less than or equal to 1.0, 1 anchor rod 14 needs to be arranged in unit length along the horizontal direction, the horizontal distance between anchor holes is 1.0m, and the anchoring force required by a single anchor rod 14 is F3＝F1(ii) a If 1.0<F1/F2Less than or equal to 2.0, 2 anchor rods 14 are required to be arranged in the unit length along the horizontal direction, the horizontal spacing of anchor holes is 0.5m, and the anchoring force required by a single anchor rod 14 is F3＝F12; if 2.0<F1/F2Less than or equal to 3.0, 3 anchor rods 14 are required to be arranged in the unit length along the horizontal direction, the horizontal spacing of anchor holes is 0.33m, and the anchoring force required by a single anchor rod 14 is F3＝F1A/3; if 3.0<F1/F2At this time, the number of the anchor rods 14 is not increased, but the cross-sectional dimension c of the rod body of the anchor rod 14 is increased, and corresponding allowable anchoring force and anchoring length are obtained; the anchoring force F provided by the single anchor rod 14 is recalculated2Anchoring force F required to be provided by a single anchor rod 143The number of anchor rods 14 and the horizontal spacing of the anchor holes until the cross section of the rod body of the enlarged anchor rod 14 meets the requirement F3≤F2。
(3) When the height of the rock mass 11 is not less than 0.75m and not more than h, the required number of anchor rods 14 and the anchor hole spacing are calculated, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
given a specific rod body section size c, obtaining a corresponding allowable anchoring force FmAnd an anchoring length lm。
Calculating the total anchoring force F required for the rock mass 111Referring to fig. 4 and 5, at 0.25m from the upper edge of the rock mass 11, the number k of rows of anchor rods 14 is set to 1, and the inclination angle is 15-20 ° downward from the horizontal direction, and the angle is F according to the anti-overturning stability1＝M/z1Calculating the total anchoring force F required by the rock mass 11 per unit length1Wherein z is1Is the moment arm length of the first row of bolts 14 relative to the axis of rotation.
Calculating the anchoring force F that a single anchor 14 can provide2Length l of anchor hole in rock mass 11 outside vertical crack 131Greater than the allowable anchor length lmThe anchoring force F provided by a single anchor 142Taking an allowable anchoring force FmI.e. F2＝Fm(ii) a When the length l of the anchor hole in the rock mass 11 outside the vertical crack 131Less than the allowable anchor length lmThe anchoring force provided by a single anchor 14 is F2＝τc l1Wherein tau is the bonding strength between the rod body and the high polymer anchoring body.
Calculating the anchoring force F required to be provided by a single anchor rod 143And the horizontal spacing of the anchor holes; if F1/F2Less than or equal to 1.0, 1 anchor rod 14 needs to be arranged in unit length along the horizontal direction, the horizontal distance between anchor holes is 1.0m, and the anchoring force required by a single anchor rod 14 is F3＝F1(ii) a If 1.0<F1/F2Less than or equal to 2.0, 2 anchor rods 14 are required to be arranged in the unit length along the horizontal direction, the horizontal spacing of anchor holes is 0.5m, and the anchoring force required by a single anchor rod 14 is F3＝F12; if 2.0<F1/F2Less than or equal to 3.0, 3 anchor rods 14 are required to be arranged in the unit length along the horizontal direction, the horizontal spacing of anchor holes is 0.33m, and the anchoring force required by a single anchor rod 14 is F3＝F1/3。
If 3.0<F1/F2Increasing the cross-sectional dimension of the shank of the anchor rod 14 and obtaining a corresponding allowable anchoring force andan anchor length; the anchoring force F provided by the single anchor rod 14 is recalculated2The anchoring force F required to be provided by a single anchor rod 143And the horizontal distance of the anchor hole is as follows:
(1) when h- (k + 1). 0.25<At 0.25, the cross section size of the rod body of the anchor rod 14 is increased, and corresponding allowable anchoring force and anchoring length are obtained; the anchoring force F provided by the single anchor rod 14 is calculated again according to the calculation steps under the condition that h is more than or equal to 0.75m2The anchoring force F required to be provided by a single anchor rod 143And horizontal spacing of anchor holes until the cross section of the enlarged anchor rod 14 meets the requirement F3≤F2Where k is the number of rows of bolts 14 currently set during the design process.
(2) When h- (k +1) · 0.25 is more than or equal to 0.25, 1 row of anchor holes are additionally arranged below the current bottommost row of anchor holes at a vertical interval of 0.25m, and at the moment, k is equal to k +1, and the stability of overturning resistance is improved
Checking and calculating the anchoring force F required to be provided by a single anchor rod 143，ziThe moment arm length of the ith row of anchor rods 14 relative to the center of overturning rotation; if F3≤F2The anchoring force required by a single anchor rod 14 meets the requirements;
if F3>F2When h- (k + 1). 0.25<At 0.25, the cross section size of the rod body of the anchor rod 14 is increased again, and corresponding allowable anchoring force and anchoring length are obtained; the anchoring force F provided by the single anchor rod 14 is calculated again according to the calculation steps under the condition that h is more than or equal to 0.75m2Anchoring force F required to be provided by a single anchor rod 143And horizontal spacing of anchor holes until the cross section of the enlarged anchor rod 14 meets the requirement F3≤F2Wherein k is the number of rows of anchor rods 14 currently set in the design process;
if F3>F2When h- (k +1) · 0.25 ≥ 0.25, returning to step (2) to continue calculation until F3≤F2。
The length l of the anchor rod 14 is determined according tol1+l2+ b/cos α calculates the total length of the anchor rod 14, where l2The length, l, of anchor rod 14 required to penetrate through the vertical gap 13 into the stabilized rock mass 112＝F3/τc；l1The length of an anchor rod 14 in a rock mass 11 outside a vertical crack 13 is shown, and b/cos alpha is the length of the anchor rod 14 of the vertical crack 13 section; wherein b is the opening degree of the vertical crack 13 at the inner side of the rock body 11, and alpha is the inclination angle of the anchor rod 14.
The method can effectively reduce subjectivity and experience of the anchoring setting of the rock mass 11, the anchoring setting method can be used for guiding the realization of the process of anchoring and grouting of the rock mass 11 on the slope, the scientification and refinement of anchoring and reinforcing are realized, and a good foundation is laid for ensuring the anchoring and reinforcing quality.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiment 1
The rock mass 11 is exemplified by white arsenic sand rock mass 11, the anchor rod 14 is a hollow rod body, high polymer is injected into the rod body, the high polymer is bi-component low-viscosity expanded polyurethane high polymer grouting material, and the anchor rod 14 is formed after solidification.
High polymer anchoring grouting needs to be carried out on a certain white sandstone stratum to improve the anti-overturning capability of the white sandstone stratum and avoid collapse, so that the block-shaped gravity erosion is prevented and controlled, and the anchoring grouting design is implemented according to the following steps:
A. determining the geometric dimension of white arsenopyrite rock mass 11 on the clinical slope surface through field investigation, wherein the geometric dimension mainly comprises the height of the white arsenopyrite rock mass 11 on the clinical slope surface, the geometric dimension of the cross section and the opening degree of a vertical crack 13; referring to fig. 2 and 3, the target white arsenopyrite rock 11 to be tested is ABCD, the target white arsenopyrite rock 11 is connected with the body of the white arsenopyrite rock 11 through vertical cracks 13, and the upper end and the lower end of the target white arsenopyrite rock are red arsenopyrite rocks 12.
B. The arrangement number and the anchor hole spacing of the anchor rods 14 are determined through stability analysis, and the method mainly comprises the following steps:
B1. determining the cross-section gravity center abscissa position and the unit length dead weight G of the white arsenic rock mass 11 in the horizontal direction according to the geometric dimension of the cross section;
B2. marking the horizontal distance a from the inner side of the bottom surface of the white arsenic rock 11 to the gravity center O of the cross section as E, and the horizontal distance z from the inner side point C of the bottom surface of the white arsenic rock 11 to the gravity center O of the cross section as ZgAs shown in fig. 2 and 3;
when z isg<When a, as shown in FIG. 2, the horizontal distance z from the center of gravity of the cross section to the point C is determined by using the inner side point C of the bottom surface of the white arsenic rock 11 as the center of rotation for overturninggAs the rotational moment arm, the overturning moment is calculated according to equation (1).
M＝Gzg (1)
When z is shown in FIG. 3g>When a, taking the point E of the horizontal distance a from the inner side of the bottom surface of the arsenopyrite rock body 11 to the center of gravity of the cross section as the overturning rotation center, and taking a as the overturning rotation arm of force, the overturning moment is calculated according to the formula (2).
M＝Ga (2)
Wherein a is selected according to the design safety requirement (a is more than or equal to 0.1m and less than or equal to 0.5m)
B3. Determining the arrangement number of anchor rods 14 and the anchor hole spacing:
B31. setting the cross-sectional dimension of the anchor 14 and setting the corresponding allowable anchoring force FmAnd anchoring length lm(allowable anchoring force F)mAnd anchoring length lmCan be determined by experiment);
B32. when h is more than or equal to 0.5m and less than 0.75m of the height of the arsenopyrite rock mass 11, the design is only carried out according to 1 horizontal row of anchor rods 14;
firstly, determining the total anchoring force F required by the unit length of the sandstone rock mass 11 in the water direction1
0.25m away from the upper edge of the arsenopyrite body 11, 1 horizontal row of anchor holes are horizontally arranged, the inclination angle with the horizontal direction is 15-20 degrees, and the total anchoring force F required by the arsenopyrite body 11 along the unit length of the horizontal direction is determined according to the formula (3) of the anti-overturning stability1。
F1＝M/ z1 (3)
In the formula, z1Is the moment arm length of the anchor 14 relative to the axis of rotation.
② determining the anchoring force F provided by a single anchor rod 142
a length l of anchor hole in sandstone block outside crack1Greater than the allowable anchor length lmThe anchoring force F provided by a single anchor 142Taking an allowable anchoring force FmI.e. F2＝Fm。
b when the length l of the anchor hole in the sandstone block outside the crack1Less than the allowable anchor length lmMeanwhile, the anchoring force provided by a single anchor rod 14 is calculated according to the formula (4):
F2＝τc l1 (4)
wherein, tau is the bonding strength between the rod body and the high polymer anchoring body, and c is the cross section perimeter designed by the rod body.
Determining the anchoring force F required by a single anchor rod 143And horizontal spacing of anchor eye
a if F1/F2Less than or equal to 1.0, 1 anchor rod 14 needs to be arranged in unit length along the horizontal direction, the horizontal distance between anchor holes is 1.0m, and the anchoring force required by a single anchor rod 14 is F3＝F1Turning to the step C;
b is 1.0<F1/F2Less than or equal to 2.0, 2 anchor rods 14 are required to be arranged in the unit length along the horizontal direction, the horizontal spacing of anchor holes is 0.5m, and the anchoring force required by a single anchor rod 14 is F3＝F1Step 2, turning to the step C;
c if 2.0<F1/F2Less than or equal to 3.0, 3 anchor rods 14 are required to be arranged in the unit length along the horizontal direction, the horizontal spacing of anchor holes is 0.33m, and the anchoring force required by a single anchor rod 14 is F3＝F1Step 3, turning to the step C;
d is 3.0<F1/F2Increasing the cross section size of the anchor rod 14 to allow the anchoring force to be correspondingly increased, returning to the step II, and repeating the steps II and III until one of a, b and c is met;
B33. when the height h of the arsenopyrite rock mass 11 is more than or equal to 0.75m
Firstly, determining the total anchoring force F required by the arsenopyrite rock mass 11 along the horizontal unit length when 1 row of anchor rods 14 are arranged1
0.25m away from the upper edge of the arsenopyrite body 11, 1 row of anchor holes (the number k of the currently set rows of anchor rods 14 is 1) are arranged, the inclination angle with the horizontal direction is 15-20 degrees, and the total anchoring force F required by the arsenopyrite body 11 along the horizontal direction unit length is determined according to the formula (3) according to the overturn-resisting stability1
F1＝M/z1 (3)
In the formula, z1Is the moment arm length of the first row of bolts 14 relative to the axis of rotation.
② determining the anchoring force F provided by a single anchor rod 142
a length l of anchor hole in sandstone block outside crack1Greater than the allowable anchor length lmThe anchoring force F provided by a single anchor 142Taking an allowable anchoring force FmI.e. F2＝Fm。
b when the length l of the anchor hole in the sandstone block outside the crack1Less than the allowable anchor length lmMeanwhile, the anchoring force provided by a single anchor rod 14 is calculated according to the formula (4):
F2＝τc l1 (4)
wherein, tau is the bonding strength between the rod body and the high polymer anchoring body, and c is the designed cross section circumference of the rod body.
Thirdly, determining the anchoring force F required by the single anchor rod 143And horizontal spacing of anchor eye
a if F1/F2Less than or equal to 1.0, 1 anchor rod 14 needs to be arranged in unit length along the horizontal direction, the horizontal distance between anchor holes is 1.0m, and the anchoring force required by a single anchor rod 14 is F3＝F1Turning to the step C;
b is 1.0<F1/F2Less than or equal to 2.0, 2 anchor rods 14 are required to be arranged in the unit length along the horizontal direction, the horizontal spacing of anchor holes is 0.5m, and the anchoring force required by a single anchor rod 14 is F3＝F1Step 2, turning to the step C;
c if 2.0<F1/F2Less than or equal to 3.0, 3 anchor rods 14 are required to be arranged in the unit length along the horizontal direction, the horizontal spacing of anchor holes is 0.33m, and the anchoring force required by a single anchor rod 14 is F3＝F1Step 3, turning to the step C;
d is 3.0<F1/F2
d1, if h- (k + 1). 0.25<0.25, increasing the cross-section size of the anchor rod 14, and allowing the anchoring force to be correspondingly increased, returning to the step II, repeating the steps II and III until one of a, b and c is satisfied; where k is the number of rows of bolts 14 currently set during the design process.
d2 if h- (k +1) · 0.25 is more than or equal to 0.25, as shown in fig. 4, 1 row of anchor holes are additionally arranged below the current bottommost row of anchor holes at a vertical interval of 0.25m, at the moment, k is k +1, and the anchoring force F required to be provided by the single anchor rod 14 is determined through the anti-overturning stability test of the formula (5)3；
ziThe moment arm length of the ith row of anchor rods 14 relative to the rotation axis;
d21, if F3 is not more than F2, the anchoring force required by the single anchor rod 14 meets the requirement, and the step C is carried out;
d22 if F3> F2;
d221 if h- (k + 1). 0.25<0.25, increasing the cross section size of the anchor rod 14, allowing the anchoring force to be correspondingly increased, returning to the step II, repeating the steps II and III until F3≤F2。
d222 if h- (k + 1). 0.25 ≧ 0.25, execution step d2 continues calculation until F3≤F2。
C. Referring to fig. 5, the length of the anchor rod 14 is determined by the following steps:
C1. the required anchoring length l to penetrate through the crack into the stabilized rock mass 11 is determined using equation (6)2：
l2＝F3/τc (6)
C2. Determination of the overall length l of the anchor rod 14 using equation (7)
l＝l1+l2+b/cosα (7)
In the formula, b is the opening degree of a vertical crack 13 on the inner side of the white arsenopyrite rock body 11, and alpha is the inclination angle of the anchor rod 14.
Specific example 2
High polymer anchoring and grouting needs to be carried out on a certain white sandstone stratum to prevent block gravity erosion, and the anchoring and grouting design is implemented according to the following steps:
a, determining the geometric dimension of 11 blocks of arsenopyrite rock on the slope surface through site survey:
referring to fig. 2 and 3, the target white arsenopyrite rock mass 11 to be measured is ABCD, the height is 2.0m, and the opening of the vertical fissure 13 is 0.006 m;
b, determining the arrangement number of the anchor rods 14 and the anchor hole spacing through stability analysis, and mainly comprising the following steps:
b1 determining the cross section barycenter abscissa at the width center according to the cross section geometric dimension, wherein the unit length dead weight G of the white arsenopyrite 11 along the horizontal direction is 22.5 kN/m;
b2 As shown in FIG. 2, marking E as the point of the bottom surface of the arsenopyrite 11 with a horizontal distance a of 0.3m from the center of gravity O of the cross section, and z as the horizontal distance z from the point C of the bottom surface of the arsenopyrite 11 to the center of gravity O of the cross sectiong＝0.25m；
zg<a, taking the inner side point C of the bottom surface of the arsenopyrite rock body 11 as the overturning rotation center, and taking the horizontal distance z from the section gravity center to the point CgThe overturning moment is calculated as a rotational moment arm (shown in fig. 2) according to equation (1).
M＝Gzg (1)
Obtaining M as 22.5 multiplied by 0.25 as 5.625 kN.m/M
B3 determines the arrangement number of anchor rods 14 and the anchor hole spacing:
b31 setting the cross-section of anchor rod 14 to a certain sizemAnd anchoring length lm(allowable anchoring force F)mAnd anchoring length lmCan be determined by experiment);
setting the diameter of the anchor rod 14 to 8mm, and measuring the corresponding allowable anchoring force Fm6kN, corresponding anchoring length lm＝0.5m。
B33 arsenopyrite rock mass 11 height h 2.0m ≥ 0.75m
Firstly, determining the total anchoring force F required by the arsenopyrite rock mass 11 along the horizontal unit length when 1 horizontal row of anchor rods 14 is arranged1
0.25m away from the upper edge of the arsenopyrite body 11, 1 transverse row of anchor holes (the currently set row number k of the anchor rods 14 is 1) is arranged, the inclination angle with the horizontal direction is 18 degrees, and the horizontal direction is determined according to the formula (3) according to the anti-overturning stabilityThe total anchoring force F required by the arsenopyrite 11 in unit length of the direction1
F1＝M/z1 (3)
In the formula, z1Is the moment arm length of the first row of bolts 14 relative to the axis of rotation.
Deriving z from a geometric relationship1＝1.51m，
F1＝5.625/1.51＝3.725kN/m
② determining the anchoring force F provided by a single anchor rod 142
Deriving l from geometric relationships1＝0.526m，
l10.526m greater than the allowable anchor length lm0.5m, the anchoring force F2 provided by a single anchor 14 is an allowable anchoring force FmI.e. F2＝Fm＝6kN。
Thirdly, determining the anchoring force F3 and the horizontal spacing of the anchor holes required by the single anchor rod 14
F1/F2 is 3.725/6 is 0.621, and belongs to an interval of F1/F2<1.0, so that 1 anchor rod 14 needs to be arranged in unit length along the horizontal direction, the horizontal distance of anchor holes is 1.0m, the anchoring force required by a single anchor rod 14 is F3 is F1 is 3.725kN, and the step C is carried out;
c, determining the length of the rod body of the anchor rod 14 (shown in fig. 5), and specifically comprising the following steps:
c1 determines the required anchoring length l2 through the fracture into the stabilized rock mass 11 using equation (6):
l2＝F3/(τc) (6)
l2＝3.725/(447.46×0.025)≈0.333m
c2 determines the overall length l of the anchor rod 14 using equation (7)
l＝l1+l2+b/cosα (7)
In the formula, b is the opening degree of a vertical crack 13 on the inner side of the white arsenopyrite rock body 11, and alpha is the inclination angle of the anchor rod 14.
l＝0.526+0.333+0.006/cos18°＝0.865m。
The method provides a scientific and reasonable design method for the reinforcement of the polymer anchoring grouting of the white arsenic sandstone on the adjacent slope surface, can effectively reduce the subjectivity and the experience of the design of the polymer anchoring grouting of the white arsenic sandstone layer, is used for guiding the realization of the process of the polymer anchoring grouting of the white arsenic sandstone layer on the adjacent slope surface, realizes the scientization and the refinement of the polymer anchoring grouting design, and lays a good foundation for ensuring the quality of the anchoring grouting reinforcement.
Has positive promotion effects on effectively reducing yellow mud and sand entering, accelerating the treatment and development of the yellow river basin and improving the ecological environment, and has great expected economic, social and ecological benefits.
The steps in the method of the embodiment of the invention can be sequentially adjusted, combined and deleted according to actual needs.
The present invention has been described in detail, and the principle and embodiments of the present invention are explained by applying specific examples, which are only used to help understanding the method and the core idea of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.
It is clear to those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the above-described systems and units may refer to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and are not described herein again.
Claims (6)
1. An adjacent slope rock mass anchoring setting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, acquiring the geometric dimension of an adjacent slope rock mass to be detected and the vertical crack opening of the adjacent slope rock mass; the geometrical dimensions of the slope rock mass comprise the height of the rock mass and the geometrical dimensions of the horizontal cross section of the rock mass;
s2, calculating the number of required anchor holes, the distance between the anchor holes and the length of an anchor rod body according to the geometric dimension of the rock mass of the slope and the opening degree of the vertical cracks;
the step S2 specifically includes:
s21, determining the gravity center position of the rock mass and the gravity G of the horizontal direction unit length of the rock mass according to the geometric dimension of the horizontal cross section of the geometric dimension of the rock mass;
s22, calculating a rock mass overturning moment M according to the unit length gravity G of the rock mass in the horizontal direction;
s23, calculating the number of required anchor rods, the distance between anchor holes and the length of an anchor rod body according to the height h of the rock body, the overturning moment M and the vertical crack opening b;
the method specifically comprises the following steps: when h is less than 0.5m, the number of the required anchor rods is 0;
when the height h of the rock mass is more than or equal to 0.5m and less than 0.75m, presetting a horizontal row of anchor rods, and calculating the number of the needed horizontal row of anchor rods and the distance between anchor holes;
the method specifically comprises the following steps: given a specific rod body section size c, obtaining a corresponding allowable anchoring force FmAnd an anchoring length lm；
Calculating the total anchoring force F required by the rock mass1A horizontal row of anchor holes is arranged at a distance of 0.25m from the upper edge of the rock mass, the downward inclination angle of the anchor holes to the horizontal direction is 15-20 degrees, and the anchor holes are arranged according to the F degree according to the anti-overturning stability1＝M/z1Calculating the total anchoring force F required by the rock mass in unit length1Wherein z is1The length of the force arm of the anchor rod relative to the rotating shaft;
calculating anchoring force F provided by single anchor rod2Length l of anchor hole in rock mass outside vertical fracture1Greater than the allowable anchor length lmThe anchoring force F provided by a single anchor rod2Taking an allowable anchoring force FmI.e. F2＝Fm(ii) a When the length l of the anchor hole in the rock mass outside the vertical crack1Less than the allowable anchor length lmWhen the anchor rod is used, the anchoring force provided by a single anchor rod is F2＝τcl1Wherein tau is the bonding strength between the rod body and the high polymer anchoring body;
calculating the anchoring force F required to be provided by a single anchor rod3And the horizontal spacing of the anchor holes; if F1/F2Less than or equal to 1.0, 1 anchor rod is required to be arranged in unit length along the horizontal direction, the horizontal distance between anchor holes is 1.0m, and the anchoring force required by a single anchor rod is F3＝F1(ii) a If 1.0<F1/F2Less than or equal to 2.0, 2 anchor rods and anchors are required to be arranged in the unit length along the horizontal directionThe horizontal spacing of the holes is 0.5m, and the anchoring force required by a single anchor rod is F3＝F12; if 2.0<F1/F2Less than or equal to 3.0, 3 anchor rods are required to be arranged in unit length along the horizontal direction, the horizontal distance between anchor holes is 0.33m, and the anchoring force required by a single anchor rod is F3＝F1A/3; if 3.0<F1/F2Increasing the cross section size of the anchor rod body and obtaining corresponding allowable anchoring force and anchoring length; recalculating anchoring force F provided by single anchor rod2Anchoring force F required by single anchor rod3And the horizontal spacing of the anchor holes is kept until the size of the cross section of the enlarged anchor rod body meets F3 or more and F2;
and when the height of the rock mass is less than or equal to 0.75m and less than or equal to h, calculating the number of the required anchor rods and the anchor hole spacing.
2. The method for setting anchorage of an impending slope rock mass according to claim 1, characterized in that the step S22 specifically comprises:
marking the horizontal distance a between the inner side of the bottom surface of the rock mass and the center of gravity O of the cross section as E, and the horizontal distance z between the inner side point C of the bottom surface of the rock mass and the center of gravity O of the cross section as ZgCalculating the rock mass overturning moment M according to the unit length gravity G of the horizontal direction of the rock mass:
when z isg<When a, taking the inner side point C of the bottom surface of the rock body as the overturning rotation center, and taking the horizontal distance z from the center of gravity of the cross section to the point CgAs a rotary arm, according to the formula M ═ GzgCalculating the overturning moment;
when z isg>When a, taking a point E with a horizontal distance a from the inner side of the bottom surface of the rock body to the center of gravity of the cross section as an overturning rotation center, taking a as an overturning rotation force arm, and calculating an overturning moment according to the formula M-Ga;
wherein, the value range of a is as follows: a is more than or equal to 0.1m and less than or equal to 0.5 m.
3. The method for setting anchorage of an impending slope rock mass according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the height of the rock mass is not less than 0.75m and not more than h, the required number of the anchor rods and the anchor hole spacing are calculated, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
given a specific rod section size c, obtaining corresponding allowable anchoringForce FmAnd an anchoring length lm；
Calculating the total anchoring force F required by the rock mass1At 0.25m from the upper edge of the rock mass, the set anchor rod row number k is 1, the downward inclination angle with the horizontal direction is 15-20 degrees, and the angle is F according to the anti-overturning stability1＝M/z1Calculating the total anchoring force F required by the rock mass in unit length1Wherein z is1The length of a moment arm of the first row of anchor rods relative to the rotating shaft;
calculating anchoring force F provided by single anchor rod2Length l of anchor hole in rock mass outside vertical fracture1Greater than the allowable anchor length lmThe anchoring force F provided by a single anchor rod2Taking an allowable anchoring force FmI.e. F2＝Fm(ii) a When the length l of the anchor hole in the rock mass outside the vertical crack1Less than the allowable anchor length lmWhen the anchor rod is used, the anchoring force provided by a single anchor rod is F2＝τcl1Wherein tau is the bonding strength between the rod body and the high polymer anchoring body;
calculating the anchoring force F required to be provided by a single anchor rod3And the horizontal spacing of the anchor holes; if F1/F2Less than or equal to 1.0, 1 anchor rod is required to be arranged in unit length along the horizontal direction, the horizontal distance between anchor holes is 1.0m, and the anchoring force required by a single anchor rod is F3＝F1(ii) a If 1.0<F1/F2Less than or equal to 2.0, 2 anchor rods are required to be arranged in unit length along the horizontal direction, the horizontal distance between anchor holes is 0.5m, and the anchoring force required by a single anchor rod is F3＝F12; if 2.0<F1/F2Less than or equal to 3.0, 3 anchor rods are required to be arranged in unit length along the horizontal direction, the horizontal distance between anchor holes is 0.33m, and the anchoring force required by a single anchor rod is F3＝F1A/3; if 3.0<F1/F2Increasing the cross section size of the anchor rod body according to specific conditions, obtaining corresponding allowable anchoring force and anchoring length, and calculating the anchoring force F provided by a single anchor rod again2Or adding a transverse row of anchor rods; the anchoring force F required to be provided by the single anchor rod is calculated again3And the horizontal spacing of the anchor holes.
4. The method for setting anchorage of an impending slope rock mass according to claim 3, characterized in that: the above 3.0<F1/F2Increasing the cross section size of the anchor rod body according to specific conditions, obtaining corresponding allowable anchoring force and anchoring length, and calculating the anchoring force F provided by a single anchor rod again2Or adding a transverse row of anchor rods; the anchoring force F required to be provided by the single anchor rod is calculated again3And the horizontal distance of the anchor hole is as follows:
(1)h-(k+1)·0.25<when 0.25, the cross section size of the anchor rod body is increased, and corresponding allowable anchoring force and anchoring length are obtained; the anchoring force F provided by the single anchor rod is calculated again according to the calculation steps under the condition that the m is more than or equal to 0.75m and less than or equal to h2Anchoring force F required to be provided by single anchor rod3And the horizontal distance of the anchor hole is kept until the size of the cross section of the rod body of the anchor rod is increased to meet the requirement F3≤F2Wherein k is the number of anchor rod rows currently set in the design process;
(2) when h- (k +1) · 0.25 is more than or equal to 0.25, 1 row of anchor holes are additionally arranged below the current bottommost row of anchor holes at a vertical interval of 0.25m, and at the moment, the number of the anchor holes is equal to k +1, and the stability of the anti-overturning effect is realized
Checking and calculating anchoring force F required to be provided by single anchor rod3，ziThe length of a force arm of the ith row of anchor rods relative to the overturning rotation center;
(21) if the F3 is not more than F2, the anchoring force required by a single anchor rod meets the requirement;
(22) if F3>F2，
(221) When h- (k + 1). 0.25<When 0.25, the cross section size of the anchor rod body is increased, and corresponding allowable anchoring force and anchoring length are obtained; the anchoring force F provided by the single anchor rod is calculated again according to the calculation steps under the condition that the m is more than or equal to 0.75m and less than or equal to h2Anchoring force F required by single anchor rod3And the horizontal distance of the anchor hole is kept until the size of the cross section of the anchor rod body is increased to meet the requirementF3≤F2Wherein k is the number of anchor rod rows currently set in the design process;
(222) when h- (k +1) · 0.25 is more than or equal to 0.25, returning to the step (2) to continue the calculation until F3≤F2。
5. The method for setting anchorage of an impending slope rock mass according to any of claims 2-4, characterized in that: the length of the anchor rod body is calculated as follows:
according to l ═ l1+l2+ b/cos alpha to calculate the total length l of the anchor rod, wherein l2Required anchor length for penetrating vertical fractures into stable rock mass, /)2＝F3/τc；l1The length of an anchor rod in a rock mass outside the vertical crack is used, and b/cos alpha is the length of the anchor rod of the vertical crack section; b is the opening degree of the vertical crack on the inner side of the rock body, and alpha is the inclination angle of the anchor rod.
6. The method for setting anchorage of an adjacent slope rock mass according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: the rock mass is white sandstone; the anchor rod is a hollow rod body, high polymers are injected into the rod body, and the anchoring body between the rod body and the wall of the anchor hole is made of the high polymers.
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| CN116084440A (en) * | 2023-02-15 | 2023-05-09 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Support setting method and system for side slope dangerous rock mass |
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