CN110510736B - Anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor capable of rapidly and synchronously forming granular sludge and biological membrane and operation method thereof - Google Patents
Anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor capable of rapidly and synchronously forming granular sludge and biological membrane and operation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110510736B CN110510736B CN201910815343.6A CN201910815343A CN110510736B CN 110510736 B CN110510736 B CN 110510736B CN 201910815343 A CN201910815343 A CN 201910815343A CN 110510736 B CN110510736 B CN 110510736B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
- C02F3/286—Anaerobic digestion processes including two or more steps
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/28—Anaerobic digestion processes
- C02F3/2866—Particular arrangements for anaerobic reactors
- C02F3/2873—Particular arrangements for anaerobic reactors with internal draft tube circulation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2203/00—Apparatus and plants for the biological treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2203/002—Apparatus and plants for the biological treatment of water, waste water or sewage comprising an initial buffer container
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2203/00—Apparatus and plants for the biological treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2203/004—Apparatus and plants for the biological treatment of water, waste water or sewage comprising a selector reactor for promoting floc-forming or other bacteria
Abstract
The invention discloses an anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor for rapidly and synchronously forming granular sludge and a biological membrane and an operation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of water treatment, wherein the reactor comprises an anaerobic water inlet tank, a water inlet pump, an upflow reactor reaction zone, a reflux pump I, a reflux pump II, a settling zone, a three-phase separator, an overflow weir, a water outlet tank and a fixed filler; the invention changes the strategy of starting the anaerobic ammonia oxidation process in the traditional technology, and the content of Candidatus brocardiales belonging to anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria reaches more than 5 percent of the whole community after 60 days of the anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor for rapidly and synchronously forming granular sludge and a biological film. The abundance of the protein is 50 times higher than that of the protein before enrichment culture. The removal rate of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in the whole enrichment process can reach more than 90 percent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water treatment, in particular to an anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor capable of quickly and synchronously forming granular sludge and a biological film.
Background
In recent years, as the development level of cities is continuously improved, the development speed is increased along with population density, and the discharge amount of wastewater is increased. Accordingly, the amount of nitrogen emissions is increasing. Among the numerous denitrification processes, the anammox process is receiving attention because of its superior reaction mechanism and high denitrification efficiency. Not only can save the cost economically, but also can synchronously remove various nitrogen pollutants in the sewage. Therefore, how to rapidly and reasonably apply the anaerobic ammonia oxidation process to the urban sewage treatment system and adapt the nitrogen removal in sewage treatment to the new standard becomes the focus of more and more students.
Although the anaerobic ammonia oxidation process has a very good application prospect, the starting speed of the process is very low due to the properties of slow appreciation rate of anaerobic ammonia oxidation bacteria, severe requirement on anaerobic conditions, intolerance to COD and the like. The essence of the method is that the content of anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria of target microorganisms in the starting sludge is low. How to quickly enrich and obtain high-concentration anaerobic ammonia oxidation sludge becomes a great challenge for large-scale popularization of the anaerobic ammonia oxidation process.
Granular sludge and biofilm are the two most common forms in anaerobic ammonia oxidation processes, and are widely adopted due to stable state and excellent effect. However, the coexistence of both in the same reactor has been reported. To date, most anaerobic ammonia oxidation processes have been started up on either granular sludge or biofilm, a single form of operation. The start-up period of the anaerobic ammonia oxidation process using activated sludge as seed sludge is generally two years or even longer. In the process of enriching and culturing the anaerobic ammonium oxidation sludge, the effect of the conventional culture medium is not ideal.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that anammox functional bacteria are rapidly enriched from activated sludge on the premise of no anammox seed sludge, so an anammox reactor capable of rapidly and synchronously forming granular sludge and a biological membrane is developed, and an anammox process can be rapidly started by using the activated sludge.
First, the present invention provides an anammox reactor for rapidly and simultaneously forming granular sludge and a biofilm, comprising:
an anaerobic water inlet tank 1, a water inlet pump 2, an upflow reactor reaction zone 3, a reflux pump I4, a reflux pump II 5, a sedimentation zone 6, a three-phase separator 7, an overflow weir 8, a water outlet tank 9 and a fixed filler 10;
the device comprises a fixed filler, an upflow reactor, an anaerobic water inlet tank, a water inlet pump, a reflux pump I, a reflux pump II, a settling zone, an overflow weir and a water outlet tank, wherein the fixed filler is filled at the lower part of a reaction zone of the upflow reactor, the reaction zone of the upflow reactor filled with the fixed filler is a filler zone, the anaerobic water inlet tank is connected with the water inlet pump, the water inlet pump is connected with the bottom of the reaction zone of the upflow reactor, the two ends of the reflux pump I are respectively connected with the top and the bottom of the reaction zone of the upflow reactor, the two ends of the reflux pump II are respectively connected with the top of the reaction zone of the upflow reactor and the top of the filler zone, the top of the reaction zone of the upflow reactor is connected with the settling zone, the settling zone is connected with the overflow weir, and the overflow weir is connected with the water outlet tank.
The lower part of the reaction zone of the upflow reactor of the anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor for rapidly and synchronously forming the granular sludge and the biological membrane is filled with fixed filler, no filler is arranged in the upper step of the reaction zone of the upflow reactor, and the volume of the solid filler accounts for 35-40% of the volume of the reaction zone of the upflow reactor.
The anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor for rapidly and synchronously forming the granular sludge and the biological membrane comprises: water is fed from the bottom of the reaction zone of the upflow reactor, and the water flow passes through the reaction zone of the upflow reactor in an upflow mode. And carrying out two-stage reflux at the top of the reaction zone of the upflow reactor, wherein one stage of reflux is carried out to the bottom of the reaction zone of the upflow reactor, and the other stage of reflux is carried out to the top of the packing zone of the reaction zone of the upflow reactor. The inlet water enters the sedimentation zone after passing through the reaction zone of the upflow reactor and then flows out of the reactor through the overflow weir.
In addition, the invention also provides an operation method of the anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor for rapidly and synchronously forming the granular sludge and the biological membrane, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, carrying out anaerobic sedimentation on activated sludge obtained from a sewage treatment plant, and removing supernatant for later use;
secondly, measuring the MLSS concentration of the sludge;
thirdly, taking activated sludge according to the MLSS concentration and putting the activated sludge into a continuous flow anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor;
fourthly, preparing a culture medium nutrient solution containing ammonium chloride and sodium nitrite;
adding the nutrient solution of the culture medium into a water inlet tank of the anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor which can rapidly and synchronously form granular sludge and a biological membrane, and sealing the water inlet tank after nitrogen exposure;
sixthly, continuously feeding water to perform anaerobic ammoxidation reaction, and refluxing the water to the bottom of the reaction area and the top of the packing area in a two-stage mode respectively to ensure the continuous operation of the reactor;
and seventhly, after the inflow water is finally precipitated in the precipitation zone, the inflow water flows out of the reactor through an overflow weir.
The anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor for rapidly and synchronously forming the granular sludge and the biological membrane has a reflux ratio of 20: 1 to 30: 1, reflux ratio of 20: 1 to 25: 1.
and the solid volume of the activated sludge accounts for 50-60% of the volume of the reaction zone of the upflow reactor.
In the nutrient solution of the culture medium, the concentration of ammonium chloride is 267.5-1605mg/L, and the concentration of sodium nitrite is 345-2070 mg/L.
Step five the nitrogen gas exposure time was 20 minutes.
And sixthly, the reflux ratio of the reflux to the bottom of the reaction zone is 20: 1 to 30: 1, reflux ratio of 20: 1 to 25: 1.
and step one, the activated sludge is sludge in a secondary sedimentation tank.
Advantageous effects
The anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor and the operation mode thereof in the starting process are adjusted. With previous reactors, one of granular sludge or biofilm was mostly targeted. Since the anaerobic ammonia oxidation enrichment culture is not a pure bacteria system, the method is not efficient by taking granular sludge or biological membranes as carriers for starting the process. The loss of functional microorganisms is one of the most important reasons for slow reactor start-up. The invention adjusts the operation scheme according to the mode of synchronously forming granular sludge and a biological membrane, and the microorganisms in the whole reactor can achieve the good effect of not losing along with water flow.
The method utilizes the operation mode of the anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor which can quickly and synchronously form granular sludge and a biological film to be applied to the process of enrichment culture of anaerobic ammonia oxidation functional bacteria by activated sludge, and detects the contents of ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in the effluent of the reactor every day. Under the condition that the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen reaches 90%, the removal rate of nitrite nitrogen reaches 90% and the removal rate of total nitrogen reaches 80%, the concentration of two chemical agents of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite is increased simultaneously, and the concentration is gradually increased on the basis of the adaptation of activated sludge. On the 1 st day of the enrichment culture process, the anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria content in the activated sludge after anaerobic treatment is extremely low and is lower than 0.1 percent of the total community abundance. After 60 days using the culture medium formulation for rapidly enriching anammox bacteria by using activated sludge of the present invention, the content of Candidatus brocardiales belonging to anammox bacteria reaches 5% or more of the whole population. The abundance of the protein is 50 times higher than that of the protein before enrichment culture. The removal rate of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in the whole enrichment process can reach more than 90 percent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor for rapidly and synchronously forming granular sludge and a biological membrane, wherein: 1 is a water inlet tank, 2 is a water inlet pump, 3 is an upflow reactor reaction zone, 4 is a reflux pump I, 5 is a reflux pump II, 6 is a sedimentation zone, 7 is a three-phase separator, 8 is an overflow weir, 9 is a water outlet tank, and 10 is a fixed filler;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the analysis of the level of microorganisms in sludge cultured in an experimental anammox medium of example 2 of the present invention, wherein the genus Candidatus Brocadiales is anammox bacteria;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the analysis of the level of microorganisms in sludge after the culture in a conventional anammox medium in comparative example 1, in which the genus Candidatus Kuenenia is anammox bacteria.
Detailed Description
Example 1 construction of an anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation reactor for Rapid and Simultaneous formation of granular sludge and biofilm
An anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor which can rapidly and synchronously form granular sludge and a biological membrane is constructed according to the structure shown in figure 1, and comprises:
an anaerobic water inlet tank 1, a water inlet pump 2, an upflow reactor reaction zone 3, a reflux pump I4, a reflux pump II 5, a sedimentation zone 6, a three-phase separator 7, an overflow weir 8, a water outlet tank 9 and a fixed filler 10;
the device comprises a fixed filler, an upflow reactor, an anaerobic water inlet tank, a water inlet pump, a reflux pump I, a reflux pump II, a settling zone, an overflow weir and a water outlet tank, wherein the fixed filler is filled at the lower part of a reaction zone of the upflow reactor, the reaction zone of the upflow reactor filled with the fixed filler is a filler zone, the anaerobic water inlet tank is connected with the water inlet pump, the water inlet pump is connected with the bottom of the reaction zone of the upflow reactor, the two ends of the reflux pump I are respectively connected with the top and the bottom of the reaction zone of the upflow reactor, the two ends of the reflux pump II are respectively connected with the top of the reaction zone of the upflow reactor and the top of the filler zone, the top of the reaction zone of the upflow reactor is connected with the settling zone, the settling zone is connected with the overflow weir, and the overflow weir is connected with the water outlet tank.
The lower part of the reaction zone of the upflow reactor of the anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor for rapidly and synchronously forming the granular sludge and the biological membrane is filled with fixed filler, the reaction zone of the upflow reactor is not filled with the filler, and the volume of the solid filler accounts for 35 percent of the volume of the reaction zone of the upflow reactor.
The anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor for rapidly and synchronously forming the granular sludge and the biological membrane comprises: water is fed from the bottom of the reaction zone of the upflow reactor, and the water flow passes through the reaction zone of the upflow reactor in an upflow mode. And carrying out two-stage reflux at the top of the reaction zone of the upflow reactor, wherein one stage of reflux is carried out to the bottom of the reaction zone of the upflow reactor, and the other stage of reflux is carried out to the top of the packing zone of the reaction zone of the upflow reactor. The inlet water enters the sedimentation zone after passing through the reaction zone of the upflow reactor and then flows out of the reactor through the overflow weir.
Example 2 experiments were carried out using the reactor constructed in example 1
Firstly, carrying out anaerobic sedimentation for 72 hours on secondary sedimentation tank sludge obtained from a sewage treatment plant, and removing supernatant for later use;
secondly, measuring the MLSS concentration of the sludge to be used, wherein the sludge concentration is 11200mg/L due to the fact that the supernatant is removed;
and thirdly, taking activated sludge with 50 percent of activated sludge solids in the volume of the reactor according to the MLSS concentration, and putting the activated sludge into the continuous flow anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor. The reactor had a reaction zone volume size of 2.69L.
Fourthly, preparing a culture medium nutrient solution containing ammonium chloride and sodium nitrite (preparing a culture medium according to a culture medium formula for rapidly enriching the anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria, wherein the initial ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen concentration is 70mg N/L and 70mg N/L, and c (NH)4 +-N):c(NO2 --N) is 1: 1) pouring 5L of culture medium nutrient solution into a special reactor water inlet tank with the volume of 5.43L after preparation, and sealing the water inlet tank after aerating nitrogen for 20 minutes;
and fifthly, continuously feeding water to perform anaerobic ammonia oxidation reaction, and refluxing in a two-stage mode until the reflux ratio of the water to the bottom of the reaction area is 30: 1, the reflux ratio of the reflux to the upper part of the packing area of the reaction area is 25: 1, ensuring the continuous operation of the reactor.
And sixthly, the inlet water is finally precipitated in the precipitation zone and flows out of the reactor through an overflow weir.
In the embodiment, the anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor which rapidly and synchronously forms granular sludge and a biological membrane is operated in a mode of adding c(NH4 +-N):c(NO2 --N) is 1: 0.8-1: 1.1. ensuring the continuous operation of the reactor, and gradually increasing the water inlet concentration according to the concentration of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in the outlet water.
Comparative example 1: this embodiment differs from example 2 in that the conventional UASB reactor was operated without the addition of packing and two stages of reflux.
The starting steps of the anaerobic ammonia oxidation process by utilizing the traditional UASB operation mode are as follows:
firstly, carrying out anaerobic sedimentation for 72 hours on secondary sedimentation tank sludge obtained from a sewage treatment plant, and removing supernatant for later use;
secondly, measuring the MLSS concentration of the sludge to be used, wherein the sludge concentration is 11200mg/L due to the fact that the supernatant is removed;
and thirdly, taking activated sludge with 50 percent of activated sludge solids in the volume of the reactor according to the MLSS concentration, and putting the activated sludge into the continuous flow anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor. The reactor had a reaction zone volume size of 2.69L.
Fourthly, preparing a culture medium nutrient solution containing ammonium chloride and sodium nitrite (preparing a culture medium according to a culture medium formula for rapidly enriching the anaerobic ammonium oxidation bacteria, wherein the initial ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen concentration is 70mg N/L and 70mg N/L, and c (NH)4 +-N):c(NO2 --N) is 1: 1) after 5L of culture medium nutrient solution is prepared, the prepared culture medium nutrient solution is poured into a special reactor water inlet tank with the volume of 5.43L, and the water inlet tank is sealed after nitrogen is aerated for 20 minutes.
And fifthly, continuously feeding water to perform anaerobic ammoxidation reaction, and directly refluxing without adding filler, wherein the reflux ratio of the reflux to the bottom of the reaction zone is 30: 1, ensuring the continuous operation of the reactor.
Compared with the comparative example 1, the embodiment 2 has the advantages that under the conditions that the ammonia nitrogen removal rate reaches 90%, the nitrite nitrogen removal rate reaches 90% and the total nitrogen removal rate reaches 80%, the concentrations of two chemical agents of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite are added are increased simultaneously, and the concentrations are gradually increased on the basis of the adaptation of activated sludge. The sludge in the experiment of the embodiment 2 of the invention can achieve the synchronous removal of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen by more than 90 percent within about 30 days. Meanwhile, the biofilm can be observed, and granular sludge appears in about 70 days. Whereas comparative example 1 did not overcome the problem of nitrite accumulation until about 90 days. In the process of steadily increasing the concentration of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in the inlet water to 420mg N/L, no obvious granular sludge appears. The results of 16s rRNA sequencing of sludge sample DNA extracted at 60 days in the experiment of example 2 of the present invention show that the content of Candidatus brocardiales belonging to anammox bacteria reaches 5% or more of the whole population. The abundance of the protein is 50 times higher than that of the protein before enrichment culture. In contrast, in comparative example 1, the 16s rRNA sequencing of the DNA of the sludge sample extracted only at 153 th day after the start showed that the presence of Candidatus Kuenenia was detected and the content was less than 1% (see FIG. 1 and FIG. 2).
Claims (2)
1. An operation method of an anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor for rapidly and synchronously forming granular sludge and a biological membrane is characterized in that: the anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor for rapidly and synchronously forming the granular sludge and the biomembrane comprises an anaerobic water inlet tank (1), a water inlet pump (2), an upflow reactor reaction zone (3), a reflux pump I (4), a reflux pump II (5), a sedimentation zone (6), a three-phase separator (7), an overflow weir (8), a water outlet tank (9) and a fixed filler (10);
wherein, the fixed filler is filled at the lower part of the reaction zone of the upflow reactor, the reaction zone of the upflow reactor filled with the fixed filler is a filler zone, the anaerobic water inlet tank is connected with a water inlet pump, the water inlet pump is connected with the bottom of the reaction zone of the upflow reactor, the two ends of a reflux pump I are respectively connected with the top and the bottom of the reaction zone of the upflow reactor, the two ends of a reflux pump II are respectively connected with the top of the reaction zone of the upflow reactor and the top of the filler zone, the top of the reaction zone of the upflow reactor is connected with a settling zone, the settling zone is connected with an overflow weir, the overflow weir is connected with a water outlet tank, the lower part of the reaction zone of the upflow reactor is filled with the fixed filler, the upper part of the reaction zone of the upflow reactor is not filled with the filler, the volume of the solid filler accounts for 35 to 40 percent of the volume of the reaction zone of the upflow reactor, water flows through the reaction zone of the upflow reactor; carrying out two-stage reflux on the top of the reaction zone of the upflow reactor, wherein one stage of reflux is carried out to the bottom of the reaction zone of the upflow reactor, and the other stage of reflux is carried out to the top of the packing zone of the reaction zone of the upflow reactor; the inlet water passes through the reaction zone of the upflow reactor, enters the precipitation zone and then flows out of the reactor through the overflow weir;
the operating method comprises the following steps:
firstly, carrying out anaerobic sedimentation on activated sludge obtained from a sewage treatment plant, and removing supernatant for later use;
secondly, measuring the MLSS concentration of the sludge;
thirdly, taking activated sludge according to the MLSS concentration and putting the activated sludge into a continuous flow anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor; the volume of the solid matter of the activated sludge accounts for 50-60% of the volume of the reaction zone of the upflow reactor;
fourthly, preparing a culture medium nutrient solution containing ammonium chloride and sodium nitrite; in the nutrient solution of the culture medium, the concentration of ammonium chloride is 267.5-1605mg/L, and the concentration of sodium nitrite is 345-2070 mg/L;
adding the nutrient solution of the culture medium into a water inlet tank of the anaerobic ammonia oxidation reactor which can rapidly and synchronously form granular sludge and a biological membrane, and sealing the water inlet tank after nitrogen exposure; the nitrogen exposure time is 20 minutes;
sixthly, continuously feeding water to perform anaerobic ammoxidation reaction, and refluxing the water to the bottom of the reaction area and the top of the packing area in a two-stage mode respectively to ensure the continuous operation of the reactor; the reflux ratio of the reflux to the bottom of the reaction zone was 20: 1 to 30: 1, reflux ratio of 20: 1 to 25: 1;
and seventhly, after the inflow water is finally precipitated in the precipitation zone, the inflow water flows out of the reactor through an overflow weir.
2. The method of operating an anammox reactor for the rapid simultaneous formation of granular sludge and biofilm according to claim 1, wherein: and step one, the activated sludge is sludge in a secondary sedimentation tank.
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| CN110029075A (en) * | 2019-03-19 | 2019-07-19 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of culture medium and the preparation method and application thereof using activated sludge fast enriching anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria |
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| CN110029075A (en) * | 2019-03-19 | 2019-07-19 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | A kind of culture medium and the preparation method and application thereof using activated sludge fast enriching anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria |
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