CN110508139B - Electrodialysis micropump - Google Patents
Electrodialysis micropump Download PDFInfo
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- CN110508139B CN110508139B CN201910799886.3A CN201910799886A CN110508139B CN 110508139 B CN110508139 B CN 110508139B CN 201910799886 A CN201910799886 A CN 201910799886A CN 110508139 B CN110508139 B CN 110508139B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/42—Electrodialysis; Electro-osmosis ; Electro-ultrafiltration; Membrane capacitive deionization
- B01D61/422—Electrodialysis
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Abstract
The invention discloses an electrodialysis micropump, which comprises a fastening steel plate, an electrolytic cell body and a regenerated liquid channel, wherein the fastening steel plate comprises a first fastening steel plate and a second fastening steel plate which are oppositely arranged; the electrolytic cell body comprises a first electrolytic cell body, an intermediate electrolytic cell body and a second electrolytic cell body; the electrolytic cell body is arranged between the fastening steel plates; the regeneration liquid channel comprises a first channel and a second channel; an intermediate channel is arranged between the regeneration liquid channels; the regeneration liquid channel and the middle channel are arranged between the fastening steel plates; wherein a cathode or an anode is arranged at the junction between the electrolytic cell body and the regenerated liquid channel; and a bipolar membrane is arranged between the regeneration liquid channel and the middle channel. The electrodialysis micropump provided by the invention can realize the accurate driving of an electric field to a trace fluid, and can be used for microfluid analysis, such as systems of flow injection analysis, microfluidic chips, capillary ion chromatography and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of analysis, in particular to an electrodialysis micropump.
Background
Micropumps are the "heart" of micro-analytical systems and are the source of power for microfluidic transport, the function of which is to transport water (or other solutions) to downstream analytical systems. As an important micro-execution component, the micro-pump is not only widely used in micro-fluid analysis, such as flow injection analysis, micro-fluidic chip, capillary or nano-liter liquid chromatography, capillary ion chromatography, etc., but also widely used in the fields of drug delivery, blood transportation, DNA synthesis, electronic cooling system, micro-satellite propulsion system, etc. Whether the flow is stable or whether the flow is accurate directly relates to the reproducibility of the analysis result. But micro-fluid actuation is still currently a challenge.
The most common driving means for liquid delivery are piston pumps and syringe pumps, and are also the most mature. However, these mechanical pumps based on piston pulling are only suitable for conventional flows (e.g. millilitres/minute), and for micro-analytical systems with flow rates of microliter/minute, these mechanical pumps have difficulty in providing accurate microliter/minute flows due to the presence of microleakage between the one-way valve and the dynamic seal, which is in the range of microliter/minute to tens of microliter/minute. Another drawback of mechanical pumps is the presence of moving parts, which, due to the frequent piston movements, have a high physical wear, directly leading to leaks; another micro pump capable of providing micro flow is an electroosmotic pump, which is a micro pump that uses electroosmotic flow to realize liquid driving. Its advantages are high output pressure, and easy change of flow and direction by changing the size and direction of electric field. This mode requires a specially fabricated pump body and typically requires several to tens of thousands of volts to be applied. This high pressure is detrimental to operator safety, especially in environments with high humidity.
The ion exchange membrane is a thin film made of a high polymer material having selective permeability to ions. It is classified into a cationic membrane, an anionic membrane and a bipolar membrane. Wherein the cation membrane and the anion membrane are both unipolar membranes, i.e. the surface contains only one charge type. The fixed groups on the surface of the cationic membrane are usually negatively charged sulfonic acid groups, and in principle, the cationic membrane only allows cations to selectively pass through; while the surface fixing groups of the anionic membrane are usually quaternary ammonium groups with positive charges, in principle, the anionic membrane only allows anions to selectively pass through; the bipolar membrane is also called bipolar membrane, is a special ion exchange membrane, and is a composite ion exchange membrane prepared from a cationic membrane and an anionic membrane according to a special process. The bipolar membrane is characterized in that under the action of a direct current electric field, water molecules at the interface between the cationic membrane and the anionic membrane are dissociated into hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions. The degree of dissociation is much higher than the water dissociation in free aqueous solution. The combination of the bipolar membrane and the monopolar membrane is widely applied to the aspects of seawater desalination, preparation of high-added-value chemical products and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an electrodialysis micropump, which can realize the accurate driving of an electric field to a trace fluid and can be used for microfluid analysis, such as systems of flow injection analysis, microfluidic chips, capillary ion chromatography and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.
An electrodialysis micropump comprises a fastening steel plate, an electrolytic cell body and a regenerated liquid channel, wherein the fastening steel plate comprises a first fastening steel plate and a second fastening steel plate which are oppositely arranged; the electrolytic cell body comprises a first electrolytic cell body, an intermediate electrolytic cell body and a second electrolytic cell body; the first electrolytic cell body, the middle electrolytic cell body and the second electrolytic cell body are arranged among the fastening steel plates; the regeneration liquid channel comprises a first channel and a second channel; an intermediate channel is arranged between the first channel and the second channel; the first channel, the intermediate channel and the second channel are arranged between the fastening steel plates; wherein a cathode or an anode is arranged at the junction between the electrolytic cell body and the regenerated liquid channel; a bipolar membrane is arranged between the regeneration liquid channel and the middle channel; a cathode connecting port is arranged in the first channel, and one end of the cathode connecting port is arranged on the first fastening steel plate; and an anode connecting port is arranged in the second channel, and one end of the anode connecting port is arranged on the second fastening steel plate and corresponds to the cathode connecting port.
Furthermore, a cathode is arranged between the first electrolytic cell body and the first channel, and the cathode is connected with the cathode connecting port.
Further, an anode is arranged between the second electrolytic cell body and the second channel, and the anode is connected with the anode connecting port.
Further, the bipolar membrane comprises a bipolar membrane anode face and a bipolar membrane cathode face, the bipolar membrane anode face faces the cathode, and the bipolar membrane cathode face faces the anode; under the action of an electric field, water dissociation can occur in the bipolar membrane.
Further, the cathode and the anode are flat porous electrodes.
Further, an ion exchange membrane is arranged between the bipolar membrane and the first channel or between the bipolar membrane and the second channel.
Further, the ion exchange membrane includes a cation exchange membrane and an anion exchange membrane. The ion exchange membranes can be arranged in multiple layers, and the output pressure of the electrodialysis micropump can be improved by overlapping the ion exchange membranes in the multiple layers.
Further, the cation exchange membrane is arranged at one side close to the cathode, and the anion exchange membrane is arranged at one side close to the anode.
Furthermore, a first channel inlet and a first channel outlet are respectively arranged at two ends of the first channel, and the first channel inlet and the first channel outlet are both arranged on the first fastening steel plate.
Furthermore, a second channel inlet and a second channel outlet are respectively arranged at two ends of the second channel, and the second channel inlet and the second channel outlet are both arranged on the second fastening steel plate.
Furthermore, the middle channel is a hollow channel, one side of the middle channel is provided with a middle channel outlet, and the middle channel outlet is arranged at one side of the middle electrolytic cell body.
Further, a filler is arranged in the middle channel, and the filler is selected from one of an ion exchange screen, an ionic microsphere, an ionic monolithic column and a fiber.
Furthermore, the regeneration liquid channel is filled with continuously flowing regeneration liquid which is pure water or dilute electrolyte solution; the regenerated liquid enters from the inlet of the first channel, flows out from the outlet of the first channel after passing through the first channel, enters from the inlet of the second channel, flows out from the outlet of the second channel after passing through the second channel and flows back to the regenerated liquid.
Further, under the action of an electric field, the regeneration liquid is dissociated into hydrogen ions and hydroxyl ions in the bipolar membrane. Hydrogen ions generated by water dissociation of the bipolar membrane close to the anode side are electrically migrated to the middle channel through the anode surface of the bipolar membrane, hydroxide ions generated by water dissociation in the bipolar membrane close to the cathode side are electrically migrated to the middle channel through the cathode surface of the bipolar membrane, and the hydrogen ions and the hydroxide ions electrically migrated to the middle channel are immediately compounded into water molecules. A microfluidic liquid is generated in the intermediate channel and flows out of the intermediate channel outlet.
Further, in the electrodialysis micropump, the upper and lower corner ends of the first fastening steel plate and the second fastening steel plate are fastened by fastening screws.
Further, the electrodialysis micropump is free of any moving parts.
In the present invention, if the output pressure of the pump needs to be increased, the pump can be realized by stacking a plurality of films as follows. The membrane sequence (from anode to cathode) is, in order: anode/multi-layer anionic membrane/bipolar membrane-bipolar membrane/multi-layer cationic membrane/cathode.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the electrodialysis micropump is a novel mode micropump, and utilizes the principle that hydrogen ions and hydroxyl ion electromigration generated by enhanced water dissociation in a bipolar membrane are recombined into water again, and the flow rate of water generated by the electrodialysis micropump is in positive correlation with applied current. The electrodialysis process does not involve the generation of gas which is common in the water electrolysis process, the current efficiency is higher, the effect is obvious, and the content of the electrodialysis micropump is not reported at present.
The invention can realize the driving of the electric field to the trace fluid and realize the flow rate regulation and control of the trace water by regulating the current.
The electrodialysis micropump has no movable part, is favorable for sealing and running stability, and has no mechanical abrasion and leakage phenomenon.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an electrodialysis micropump in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an electrodialysis micropump in example 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a graph of flow rate versus current for an electrodialysis micropump in example 3 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a graph of flow rate versus current for an electrodialysis micropump in example 4 of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a spectrum of a sample of potassium chloride for conductivity measurement in example 5 of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a table of data for the output flow rates of electrodialytic micropumps at different currents in example 6 of the present invention.
The labels in the figures are:
A. a first channel;
B. a middle channel;
C. a second channel;
1. a first fastening steel plate;
2. a second fastening steel plate;
3. a first electrolytic cell body;
4. an intermediate electrolytic cell body;
5. a second electrolytic cell body;
6. a cathode;
7. a cation exchange membrane;
8. bipolar membrane;
801. a bipolar membrane anode face;
802. a bipolar membrane cathode face;
9. an anion exchange membrane;
10. an anode;
11. fastening screws;
12. a cathode connection port;
13. an anode connection port;
14. a first channel inlet;
15. a first channel outlet;
16. an intermediate channel outlet;
17. a second channel inlet;
18. and a second channel outlet.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
An electrodialysis micropump is shown in figure 1 and comprises a fastening steel plate, an electrolytic cell body and a regeneration liquid channel, wherein the fastening steel plate comprises a first fastening steel plate 1 and a second fastening steel plate 2 which are oppositely arranged; the electrolytic cell bodies comprise a first electrolytic cell body 3, an intermediate electrolytic cell body 4 and a second electrolytic cell body 5; the first electrolytic cell body 3, the middle electrolytic cell body 4 and the second electrolytic cell body 5 are clamped among the fastening steel plates; the regeneration liquid channel comprises a first channel A and a second channel C; an intermediate channel B is arranged between the first channel A and the second channel C; the first channel a, the middle channel B and the second channel C are disposed between the fastening steel plates; wherein a cathode or an anode is arranged at the junction between the electrolytic cell body and the regenerated liquid channel; a bipolar membrane 8 is arranged between the regeneration liquid channel and the middle channel B. The first and second fastening steel plates 1 and 2 are fastened at their corner ends by fastening screws 11.
A first channel A, a middle channel B and a second channel C are arranged among the middle electrolytic cell bodies 4. Two openings are arranged on two sides of the first channel A and respectively used as a first channel inlet 14 and a first channel outlet 15. The openings of the first channel inlet 14 and the first channel outlet 15 are arranged on both sides of the first tightening steel plate 1, respectively. A cathode connection port 12 (corresponding to the anode connection port 13) is provided in the first passage a. One end of the cathode connection port 12 is provided on the first fastening steel plate 1.
And an ion exchange screen is filled in the middle channel B. An opening is arranged on one side of the middle channel B and serves as a middle channel outlet 16, and the opening of the middle channel outlet 16 is arranged on one side of the middle electrolytic cell body 4.
Two openings are arranged on two sides of the second channel C and respectively used as a second channel inlet 17 and a second channel outlet 18. The openings of the second channel inlet 17 and the second channel outlet 18 are arranged in the second tightening steel plate 2, respectively. An anode connection port 13 (corresponding to the cathode connection port 12) is provided in the second channel C. One end of the anode connection port 13 is provided on the second fastening steel plate 2.
As shown in fig. 1, the cathode 6 and the bipolar membrane 8 are disposed on the first channel a and the intermediate channel B layer by layer from outside to inside (described in the direction of fig. 1), and the bipolar membrane 8 includes a bipolar membrane anode face 801 and a bipolar membrane cathode face 802, where the bipolar membrane anode face 801 faces outward and the bipolar membrane cathode face 802 faces inward. An anode 10 and a bipolar membrane 8 are arranged between the middle channel B and the second channel C layer by layer from outside to inside (described according to the direction of figure 1). Wherein the bipolar membrane anode face 801 faces inwards and the bipolar membrane cathode face 802 faces outwards.
In the present invention, the intermediate channel B and the two regeneration liquid channels (the first channel A and the second channel C are independent from each other. after an electric field is applied, hydrogen ions generated by water dissociation in the bipolar membrane 8 on the side of the anode connection port 13 are electrolyzed and transferred into the intermediate channel B, and at the same time, hydroxide ions generated by water dissociation in the bipolar membrane 8 on the side of the cathode connection port 12 are also electrolyzed and transferred into the intermediate channel B, and the two are combined into water molecules. the flow rate of water follows Faraday's law and is proportional to the applied current.
Example 2
In this embodiment, an electrodialysis micropump, as shown in fig. 2, has substantially the same structure as that of embodiment 1 except that: a cation exchange membrane 7 and an anion exchange membrane 9 are arranged in the electrodialysis micropump; and the middle channel B is filled with ion exchange resin. As shown in fig. 2, a porous cathode 6, a cation exchange membrane 7 and a bipolar membrane 8 are arranged between the first channel a and the middle channel B layer by layer from outside to inside, wherein the anode surface 801 of the bipolar membrane faces outwards, and the cathode surface 802 of the bipolar membrane faces inwards; a porous anode 10, an anion exchange membrane 9 and a bipolar membrane 8 are arranged between the middle channel B and the second channel C layer by layer from outside to inside, wherein the anode surface 801 of the bipolar membrane faces inwards, and the cathode surface 802 of the bipolar membrane faces outwards.
Compared with the electrodialysis micropump in the embodiment 1 (see fig. 1), the electrodialysis micropump in the embodiment (see fig. 2) can remarkably increase the output pressure of the electrodialysis micropump, and ensure that the pump can still output effective flow under the condition of high downstream damping.
Example 3
In this embodiment, the electrodialysis micropump in embodiment 1 of the present invention is used, pure water is used as the regeneration liquid, the regeneration liquid flows in the regeneration liquid channels (the first channel a and the second channel C) on both sides, the flow rate is 0.1mL/min, and under the action of the electric field, water is generated in the middle channel B, i.e., a microfluidic liquid is generated. The flow rate and current of the microfluidic liquid produced by the electrodialytic micropump were recorded as shown in fig. 3.
Fig. 3 is a graph of flow rate versus current for an electrodialysis micropump of example 3 of the present invention.
As can be seen from fig. 3, the flow rate of the microfluidic liquid generated by the electrodialytic micropump is linear with respect to the applied current. Therefore, the invention can control the flow rate of the generated micro-flow liquid by controlling the magnitude of the current.
Example 4
In this embodiment, the electrodialysis micropump in embodiment 1 of the present invention is adopted, and a 1mM potassium sulfate solution is used as a regeneration liquid, and the regeneration liquid flows in the regeneration liquid channels (the first channel a and the second channel C) on both sides at a flow rate of 0.1mL/min, and under the action of an electric field, water is generated in the middle channel B, that is, a microfluidic liquid is generated. The flow rate and current of the microfluidic liquid produced by the electrodialytic micropump were recorded as shown in fig. 4.
Fig. 4 is a graph of flow rate versus current for an electrodialysis micropump of example 4 of the present invention.
As can be seen from fig. 4, the flow rate of the microfluidic liquid generated by the electrodialytic micropump is in a linear relationship with the applied current, and the slope of the fitting equation is higher than that of the regeneration liquid of pure water.
Example 5
In this example, the electrodialytic micropump of example 1 of the present invention was selected, pure water was used as the regenerating liquid, and the feasibility of the electrodialytic micropump in use in a micro-analysis system was evaluated by using a flow injection analysis mode.
The current applied by the electrodialysis micropump is 30mA, the flow rate of the regeneration liquid is 0.1mL/min, 1mM potassium chloride is used as a sample, and the sample injection amount is 100 nL. The conductivity detector measures the spectrum of the potassium chloride sample, as shown in fig. 5.
According to the figure 5, the electrodialysis micropump can well carry the potassium chloride sample in the sample injection valve to the conductivity detector, so that the potassium chloride sample is detected, and the feasibility of the flow injection analysis system is shown.
Example 6
In this example, the electrodialysis micropump of example 1 of the present invention was selected, pure water was used as the regeneration liquid, the flow rate of water pumped by the electrodialysis micropump was tested in the weighing mode, and the output flow of the electrodialysis micropump at different currents was recorded, and the results are detailed as shown in fig. 6.
According to the data in FIG. 6, the water flow rate RSD is less than or equal to 1.38% under the action of 4 currents with different magnitudes, so that the electrodialysis micropump shows good operation stability.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An electrodialysis micropump comprises a fastening steel plate, an electrolytic cell body and a regenerated liquid channel, and is characterized in that the fastening steel plate comprises a first fastening steel plate (1) and a second fastening steel plate (2) which are oppositely arranged;
the electrolytic cell bodies comprise a first electrolytic cell body (3), an intermediate electrolytic cell body (4) and a second electrolytic cell body (5); the first electrolytic cell body (3), the middle electrolytic cell body (4) and the second electrolytic cell body (5) are arranged among the fastening steel plates;
the regeneration liquid channel comprises a first channel (A) and a second channel (C); an intermediate channel (B) is arranged between the first channel (A) and the second channel (C), and the first channel (A), the intermediate channel (B) and the second channel (C) are arranged between the fastening steel plates;
wherein a cathode or an anode is arranged at the junction between the electrolytic cell body and the regenerated liquid channel; a bipolar membrane (8) is arranged between the regeneration liquid channel and the middle channel (B); a cathode connecting port (12) is arranged in the first channel (A), and one end of the cathode connecting port (12) is arranged on the first fastening steel plate (1); and the number of the first and second electrodes,
an anode connecting port (13) corresponding to the cathode connecting port (12) is arranged in the second channel (C), and one end of the anode connecting port (13) is arranged on the second fastening steel plate (2);
a cathode (6) is arranged between the first electrolytic cell body (3) and the first channel (A), and the cathode (6) is connected with the cathode connecting port (12);
an anode (10) is arranged between the second electrolytic cell body (5) and the second channel (C), and the anode (10) is connected with the anode connecting port (13);
the bipolar membrane (8) comprises a bipolar membrane anode face (801) and a bipolar membrane cathode face (802), the bipolar membrane anode face (801) faces the cathode (6), and the bipolar membrane cathode face (802) faces the anode (10).
2. Electrodialysis micropump according to claim 1, characterized in that the cathode (6) and the anode (10) are flat porous electrodes.
3. Electrodialysis micropump according to claim 1, characterized in that an ion exchange membrane is further provided between the bipolar membrane (8) and the first channel (a) or between the bipolar membrane and the second channel (C).
4. Electrodialysis micropump according to claim 3, characterized in that the ion exchange membrane comprises a cation exchange membrane (7) and an anion exchange membrane (9); the cation exchange membrane (7) is arranged on the side close to the cathode (6), and the anion exchange membrane (9) is arranged on the side close to the anode (10).
5. Electrodialysis micropump according to claim 1, characterized in that the first channel (a) is provided with a first channel inlet (14) and a first channel outlet (15) at both ends, respectively, and that the first channel inlet (14) and the first channel outlet (15) are both provided on the first fastening steel plate (1).
6. Electrodialysis micropump according to claim 1, characterized in that the second channel (C) is provided with a second channel inlet (17) and a second channel outlet (18) at both ends, respectively, and that the second channel inlet (17) and the second channel outlet (18) are both provided on the second fastening steel plate (2).
7. An electrodialysis micropump according to claim 1, wherein the intermediate channel (B) is a hollow channel, and one side of the intermediate channel (B) has an intermediate channel outlet (16), and the intermediate channel outlet (16) is arranged at one side of the intermediate cell body (4).
8. Electrodialysis micropump according to any of claims 1-7, wherein a filler is provided in the intermediate channel (B), said filler being selected from one of ion exchange screens, ionic microspheres, ionic monoliths and fibers.
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| CN112129671B (en) * | 2020-09-24 | 2021-11-30 | 东北大学 | Method for measuring hydrogen diffusion coefficient of solid steel at high temperature |
| CN111921380A (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2020-11-13 | 江西源春环保科技有限公司 | Repair system based on electrodialysis separation technology and assembling method thereof |
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