CN110506478B - One-machine multi-row spiral disturbance cone centrifugal type granular fertilizer collecting and discharging device - Google Patents
One-machine multi-row spiral disturbance cone centrifugal type granular fertilizer collecting and discharging device Download PDFInfo
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- CN110506478B CN110506478B CN201910884735.8A CN201910884735A CN110506478B CN 110506478 B CN110506478 B CN 110506478B CN 201910884735 A CN201910884735 A CN 201910884735A CN 110506478 B CN110506478 B CN 110506478B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C15/00—Fertiliser distributors
- A01C15/18—Fertiliser distributors with endless chains, i.e. side transporting elements, e.g. auger or screw conveyors, swash plates
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-row spiral disturbance cone centrifugal type granular fertilizer collecting and discharging device, which comprises an upper shell, a speed following control system, a lower shell connected with the upper shell through bolts and a middle disc arranged between the lower shell and the upper shell, wherein an independent cavity is formed between the middle disc and the upper shell, and a fertilizer discharging pipe is communicated with the independent cavity; the speed following control system comprises a photoelectric coded disc connected with a rotating shaft of one wheel of the fertilizing moving device, a photoelectric sensor matched with the photoelectric coded disc, a main control chip for acquiring photoelectric signal output control signals, a direct current motor capable of driving the fertilizing shaft to rotate and a controller; the photoelectric sensor, the photoelectric coded disc, the main control chip and the direct current motor are respectively and electrically connected with the controller. The multi-row spiral disturbance conical centrifugal granular fertilizer collector and distributor disclosed by the invention realizes one-time multi-row granular fertilizer distribution and can ensure that the discharge capacity is accurate and consistent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a multi-row spiral disturbance cone centrifugal type granular fertilizer collecting and discharging device.
Background
The fertilization has important significance on the safety, stability and development of agricultural production, and the high-speed development of the world agriculture is basically obtained under the condition of large input of chemicals such as chemical fertilizers, pesticides and the like and mineral energy except the improvement of biotechnology and the enlargement of cultivated land area and irrigation area. China is the world with the largest application amount of chemical fertilizers, the amount of the homogenized fertilizers for each acre of crops is far higher than the average level of the world, the contribution of the use of the chemical fertilizers to the yield increase of the crops in China is far lower than the average level of the world, meanwhile, the crop yield corresponding to the application amount of the unit chemical fertilizers in China is gradually reduced year by year, and the problem that the marginal effect of the chemical fertilizers to the yield increase of the crops is gradually reduced is increasingly prominent.
Farmers have the wrong idea that the more the fertilizer application amount is, the better the effect is, the fertilizer utilization rate is difficult to be ensured, and the excessive fertilizer application causes soil hardening, pollutes underground water and causes direct or indirect economic loss. Administer agricultural non-point source pollution, will follow the application of chemical fertilizer and solve, through the application amount that the accurate fertilization of survey soil prescription reduces the chemical fertilizer, improve the utilization ratio of chemical fertilizer, and the accuracy of accurate fertilization mainly embodies the accuracy at the rate of fertilizer and the accuracy of the depth of application, the accuracy of rate of fertilizer application then needs to be realized through the row ware that gathers, but the uniformity of each fertilizer pipe fertilizer volume is hardly guaranteed to present fertilizer apparatus, there are the mechanical type structure complicacy simultaneously, the big scheduling problem of air entrainment formula consumption.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multi-row spiral disturbance cone centrifugal type granular fertilizer collecting and discharging device, which solves the problems in the prior art, realizes one-time multi-row granular fertilizer discharging, and ensures accurate discharge capacity and consistent discharge capacity of each row.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention provides a multi-row spiral disturbance cone centrifugal type granular fertilizer collecting and discharging device, which comprises an upper shell, a speed following control system, a lower shell connected with the upper shell through bolts, and a middle disc arranged between the lower shell and the upper shell, wherein the upper shell comprises a fertilizer box connecting plate, a lower fertilizer pipe, a lower moving protective plate and a separating and conveying protective plate which are sequentially connected; the fertilizer distributor is characterized in that a through hole is formed in the center of the lower shell, the middle disc comprises a spiral disturbance cup, an arc-shaped cone disc and a separation disc connected with the outer edge of the arc-shaped cone disc, a plurality of spiral blades are arranged on the inner wall of the spiral disturbance cup, the top end of the spiral disturbance cup is connected with the fertilizer inlet, a plurality of centrifugal push plates are arranged on the upper end face of the arc-shaped cone disc, the bottom end of the spiral disturbance cup is fixedly connected with the top ends of the centrifugal push plates, an interval is formed between the bottom end of the spiral disturbance cup and the top end of the arc-shaped cone disc, a fertilizer discharging shaft is fixedly connected with the bottom end of the arc-shaped cone disc, and the fertilizer discharging shaft is in rotating fit with; an independent cavity is formed between the middle disc and the upper shell, and the fertilizer discharging pipe is communicated with the independent cavity; the speed-following control system comprises a photoelectric coded disc connected with a rotating shaft of one wheel of the fertilizing moving device, a photoelectric sensor matched with the photoelectric coded disc, a main control chip for acquiring photoelectric signal output control signals, a direct current motor capable of driving the fertilizing shaft to rotate and a controller; the photoelectric sensor, the photoelectric coded disc, the main control chip and the direct current motor are respectively and electrically connected with the controller.
Preferably, the upper end face of the upper shell is provided with four first reinforcing ribs, and the lower fertilizer pipe, the lower moving guard plate and the separating and conveying guard plate are fixedly connected with each first reinforcing rib respectively.
Preferably, the centrifugation push pedal is evenly set up, and every the centrifugation push pedal all with the radial 12 contained angles that are of arc cone disc, the outer fringe of centrifugation push pedal is provided with prevents the incision.
Preferably, the cut-out prevention means is spaced from an outer edge of the intermediate disk.
Preferably, the arc cone disc is a rotating combined surface formed by a parabola and a straight line combined with the horizontal plane at an angle of 35 degrees and rotating around a fixed axis for a circle, and an included angle between a tangent line of the arc cone disc from top to bottom and the horizontal plane is gradually reduced.
Preferably, the photoelectric code disc is a 20-hole code disc.
Preferably, the lower end face of the lower shell is provided with four second reinforcing ribs, a bearing seat is arranged in the through hole corresponding to the bearing, a clamp spring groove is further formed in the bottom end of the through hole, and an inner spring clamp and an outer spring clamp which are used for limiting the bearing are arranged in the clamp spring groove.
Preferably, the bottom outer edge of the upper shell is provided with a plurality of upper fixing holes, the outer edge of the lower shell is provided with a plurality of lower fixing holes, the upper fixing holes correspond to the lower fixing holes one to one, and the upper fixing holes are connected with the corresponding lower fixing holes through bolts and nuts.
Compared with the prior art, the multi-row spiral disturbance cone centrifugal type granular fertilizer collecting and discharging device of the invention has the following technical effects:
the multi-row spiral disturbance conical centrifugal granular fertilizer collector and distributor disclosed by the invention realizes one-time multi-row granular fertilizer distribution and can ensure that the discharge capacity is accurate and consistent. The multi-row spiral disturbance conical centrifugal granular fertilizer collector-discharger adopts the spiral blades, can realize disturbance of the rotation of the collector-discharger on granules during fertilization, and effectively prevents the fertilizer from arching; an arc cone disc is adopted to ensure that fertilizer particles smoothly move downwards along the upper surface of the disc; the centrifugal push plate which forms a certain angle with the radial direction of the arc-shaped cone disc is adopted, so that fertilizer particles can be smoothly transferred to the outer edge of the collector; the centrifugal principle is adopted, so that the probability that each fertilizer particle falls into the fertilizer discharging pipe is ensured to be consistent, and the consistency of the discharge capacity of each row is realized; the anti-cutting opening can prevent fertilizer particles from being sheared and damaged when entering the fertilizer discharging pipe; a speed-following control system is adopted, the rotating speed of the collector-discharger is adjusted in real time according to the advancing speed of the machine, and the uniformity of fertilizer discharge is ensured; adopt the modularized design, can directly form a complete set rotary cultivator and use, select for use the fertilizer box of different volumes to install additional according to different rotary cultivator sizes, adaptability is good.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a multi-row spiral disturbance cone centrifugal type granular fertilizer collector and discharger according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a partial schematic structural view of a multi-row spiral disturbance cone centrifugal type granular fertilizer collector and discharger according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the upper housing of the multi-row spiral disturbance cone centrifugal type granular fertilizer collector/discharger according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of a cone disk in the multi-row spiral disturbance cone centrifugal type granular fertilizer collector/discharger of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the lower housing of the multi-row spiral disturbance cone centrifugal type granular fertilizer collector/discharger of the present invention;
wherein: 1-fertilizer box, 2-frame, 3-collecting and discharging device, 4-DC motor, 5-controller, 6-speed measuring module, 61-photoelectric sensor, 62-photoelectric code disc, 11-upper shell, 12-bolt, 13-middle disc, 14-lower shell, 15-nut, 16-inner and outer spring clip, 17-deep groove ball bearing, 21-bolt hole, 22-fertilizer box connecting plate, 23-first reinforcing rib, 24-lower fertilizer tube, 25-fertilizer tube, 26-separating and conveying guard plate, 27-lower moving guard plate, 28-upper fixing hole, 31-helical blade, 32-helical disturbance cup, 33-separating and conveying disc, 34-centrifugal push plate, 35-anti-notch, 36-arc cone disc, 37-fertilizer shaft, 41-lower fixing hole, 42-second reinforcing rib, 43-bearing seat and 44-jump ring groove.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a multi-row spiral disturbance cone centrifugal type granular fertilizer collecting and discharging device, which solves the problems in the prior art, realizes fertilizer discharging of 8 rows of disposable granular fertilizers, and ensures accurate discharge capacity and consistent discharge capacity of each row.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
As shown in fig. 1: the multi-row spiral disturbance cone centrifugal type granular fertilizer collecting and discharging device 3 comprises an upper shell 11, a speed-following control system, a lower shell 14 connected with the upper shell 11 through bolts and a middle disc 13 arranged between the lower shell 14 and the upper shell 11, wherein the upper shell 11 comprises a fertilizer box connecting plate 22, a lower fertilizer pipe 25, a lower moving guard plate 27 and a separating and conveying guard plate 26 which are sequentially connected, a fertilizer inlet is arranged in the middle of the fertilizer box connecting plate 22 and connected with a fertilizer outlet of a fertilizer box 1, the fertilizer box 1 is arranged on a rotary cultivator (generally a tractor) through a rack 2, and a plurality of fertilizer pipes are uniformly arranged on the outer edge of the bottom of the upper shell 11; the bottom end outer edge of the upper shell 11 is provided with 8 upper fixing holes 28, the outer edge of the lower shell 14 is provided with 8 lower fixing holes 41, the upper fixing holes 28 correspond to the lower fixing holes 41 one by one, the upper fixing holes 28 are connected with the corresponding lower fixing holes 41 through bolts 12 and nuts 15, the lower fixing holes 41 of the lower shell 14 are matched with the upper fixing holes 28 of the upper shell 11, and coaxial positioning and fixing of the upper shell 11 and the lower shell 14 are achieved.
The speed following control system comprises a photoelectric coded disc 62 connected with a rotating shaft of one wheel of the fertilizing moving device, a photoelectric sensor 61 installed in a matched mode with the photoelectric coded disc 62, a main control chip for acquiring photoelectric signal output control signals, a direct current motor 4 capable of driving the fertilizing shaft 37 to rotate and a controller 5, wherein the model of the main control chip is STM32F407, and the controller 5 is an STM32 single chip microcomputer; the photoelectric sensor 61, the photoelectric coded disc 62, the main control chip and the direct current motor 4 are respectively electrically connected with the controller 5, and the photoelectric coded disc 62 is a 20-hole coded disc. Along with speed control system, can control the rotational speed of direct current motor 4 and then control the rotational speed of collection row ware 3 according to the rotational speed of photoelectricity code wheel 62 constantly, realize still can guarantee the homogeneity of fertiliziing under the different forward speed of tractor, the collection row ware 3 rotational speed formula that parameter such as different tractor tire diameters D, operation breadth H, actual fertilization volume C, photoelectricity code wheel 62 rotational speed n corresponds is:
vf＝1979(CHnπD)2-3151CHnπD+1247.9
the upper end face of the upper shell 11 is provided with four first reinforcing ribs 23, and the lower fertilizer pipe 25, the lower moving guard plate 27 and the separating and feeding guard plate 26 are fixedly connected with each first reinforcing rib 23 respectively. The first reinforcing ribs 23 can effectively increase the strength of the upper shell 11, particularly the strength of the vertical direction of the downward moving guard plate 27 and the away conveying guard plate 26; the fertilizer discharging pipes are uniformly arranged on the guard plate at the outer edge of the upper shell 11, so that the probability that fertilizer enters each pipeline is ensured to be consistent.
The centrifugal push plates 34 are uniformly arranged, each centrifugal push plate 34 forms an included angle of 12 degrees with the radial direction of the arc-shaped cone disc 36, when the centrifugal push plates rotate along with the middle disc 13, the friction force of the centrifugal push plates 34 on fertilizer particles can be reduced, and the fertilizer particles can move towards the outer edge of the middle disc 13; the centrifugal push plate 34 equally divides the middle disc 13 into 8 fan-shaped fertilizer chambers, so that the increase of gaps among fertilizer particles in the fertilizer chambers can be ensured, and the fertilizer chambers are prevented from being blocked by the fertilizer particles.
The outer fringe of centrifugal push pedal 34 is provided with prevents incision 35, prevents having the interval between incision 35 and the outer fringe of middle disc 13 because be close to the fertilizer outlet when the fertilizer granule is under centrifugal force effect, but when not getting into the fertilizer pipe completely, centrifugal push pedal 34 can form shearing action with the fertilizer outlet, sets up and prevents that incision 35 can effectively prevent centrifugal push pedal 34 and fertilizer outlet from causing shearing damage to the fertilizer granule.
The arc cone disc 36 is a rotary combined surface formed by a parabola and a straight line which is 35 degrees from the horizontal plane and rotates around a fixed axis in a circle, when fertilizer particles just enter the top end of the arc cone disc 36, the fertilizer particles can be uniformly dispersed around the arc cone disc 36, and meanwhile, because the included angle between the generatrix of the arc cone disc 36 and the horizontal plane is gradually reduced from the top to the bottom tangent line, the included angle is larger at the top end, the friction force between the fertilizer particles and the combined surface is smaller, and the downward movement of the fertilizer particles is convenient.
The lower end face of the lower shell 14 is provided with four second reinforcing ribs 42, a bearing seat 43 is arranged in the through hole corresponding to the bearing, a clamp spring groove 44 is further arranged at the bottom end of the through hole, and an inner spring clamp 16 and an outer spring clamp 16 used for limiting the bearing are arranged in the clamp spring groove 44. The second reinforcing ribs 42 can increase the strength of the bearing seat 43 and the lower shell 14, and ensure the stability of the fertilizer distributor in the operation process; two deep groove ball bearings 17 are arranged in the bearing seat 43 and limited by the inner spring clamp and the outer spring clamp 16, so that the middle disc 13 and the bearing are installed in the bearing seat in a matched mode and cannot swing radially.
The working process of the multi-row spiral disturbance cone centrifugal type granular fertilizer collecting and discharging device 3 of the embodiment is as follows:
the fertilizer distributor connects the fertilizer box connecting plate 22 with the fertilizer box 1 through the bolt hole 21, the fertilizer shaft 37 is driven by the direct current motor 4 to be powered by the storage battery of the tractor, the forward speed of the machine is measured through the speed measuring module 6, and the rotating speed of the direct current motor 4 is controlled to realize variable fertilization, when the machine starts, the direct current motor 4 drives the fertilizer shaft 37 to rotate at a slow speed, the spiral disturbing cup 32 provides disturbing action and downward pushing action for the fertilizer, the fertilizer moves downwards to the top end of the arc cone disc 36 and is uniformly distributed to the periphery of the arc cone disc 36 under the action of the cone top of the arc cone disc 36, the fertilizer at the upper end continuously presses downwards under the action of the spiral disturbing cup 32, fertilizer particles move downwards and move outwards under the action of centrifugal force, the fertilizer continuously supplies fertilizer to the fertilizer chamber, when the rotating speed reaches the critical speed of fertilizer discharge, the fertilizer chamber is filled with the fertilizer, when the machine finishes the normal operation, at the moment, the rotating speed of the middle disc 13 reaches the critical value of fertilizer separation, the fertilizer is discharged through the fertilizer discharge pipe under the action of centrifugal force, and the granulated fertilizer collector and discharger 3 continuously adjusts the rotating speed of the middle disc 13 according to the advancing speed of the machine and continuously discharges the fertilizer until the fertilizer application operation is finished.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
The principle and the implementation mode of the present invention are explained by applying specific examples in the present specification, and the above descriptions of the examples are only used to help understanding the method and the core idea of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a ware is arranged to centrifugal granule chemical fertilizer collection of one ware multirow spiral disturbance cone which characterized in that: the fertilizer box comprises an upper shell, a speed-following control system, a lower shell connected with the upper shell through bolts, and a middle disc arranged between the lower shell and the upper shell, wherein the upper shell comprises a fertilizer box connecting plate, a lower fertilizer pipe, a lower moving guard plate and a separating and conveying guard plate which are sequentially connected; the fertilizer distributor is characterized in that a through hole is formed in the center of the lower shell, the middle disc comprises a spiral disturbance cup, an arc-shaped cone disc and a separation disc connected with the outer edge of the arc-shaped cone disc, a plurality of spiral blades are arranged on the inner wall of the spiral disturbance cup, the top end of the spiral disturbance cup is connected with the fertilizer inlet, a plurality of centrifugal push plates are arranged on the upper end face of the arc-shaped cone disc, the bottom end of the spiral disturbance cup is fixedly connected with the top ends of the centrifugal push plates, an interval is formed between the bottom end of the spiral disturbance cup and the top end of the arc-shaped cone disc, a fertilizer discharging shaft is fixedly connected with the bottom end of the arc-shaped cone disc, and the fertilizer discharging shaft is in rotating fit with; an independent cavity is formed between the middle disc and the upper shell, and the fertilizer discharging pipe is communicated with the independent cavity; the speed-following control system comprises a photoelectric coded disc connected with a rotating shaft of one wheel of the fertilizing moving device, a photoelectric sensor matched with the photoelectric coded disc, a main control chip for acquiring photoelectric signal output control signals, a direct current motor capable of driving the fertilizing shaft to rotate and a controller; the photoelectric sensor, the photoelectric coded disc, the main control chip and the direct current motor are respectively and electrically connected with the controller.
2. The one-row spiral disturbance cone centrifugal type granular fertilizer collector and discharger of claim 1, wherein: the upper end face of the upper shell is provided with four first reinforcing ribs, and the lower fertilizer pipe, the lower moving protective plate and the separating and conveying protective plate are fixedly connected with each first reinforcing rib respectively.
3. The one-row spiral disturbance cone centrifugal type granular fertilizer collector and discharger of claim 1, wherein: the centrifugal push plates are evenly arranged and are all in 12-degree included angle with the radial direction of the arc cone disc, and the outer edges of the centrifugal push plates are provided with anti-cuts.
4. The one-row spiral disturbance cone centrifugal type granular fertilizer collector and discharger of claim 3, wherein: the cut-preventing portion is spaced from the outer edge of the intermediate disk.
5. The one-row spiral disturbance cone centrifugal type granular fertilizer collector and discharger of claim 1, wherein: the arc cone disc is a rotating combined surface formed by a parabola and a straight line which forms a 35-degree angle with the horizontal plane and rotates for a circle around a fixed axis, and the included angle between the tangent line of the arc cone disc from top to bottom and the horizontal plane is gradually reduced.
6. The one-row spiral disturbance cone centrifugal type granular fertilizer collector and discharger of claim 1, wherein: the photoelectric coded disc is a 20-hole coded disc.
7. The one-row spiral disturbance cone centrifugal type granular fertilizer collector and discharger of claim 1, wherein: the lower terminal surface of casing is provided with four second strengthening ribs down, correspond in the through-hole the bearing is provided with the bearing frame, the bottom of through-hole still is provided with the jump ring groove, be provided with in the jump ring groove and be used for right the bearing carries out spacing inside and outside spring card.
8. The one-row spiral disturbance cone centrifugal type granular fertilizer collector and discharger of claim 1, wherein: the bottom outer fringe of going up the casing is provided with a plurality of fixed orificess, the outer fringe of casing is provided with a plurality of fixed orificess down, go up the fixed orificess with fixed orifices one-to-one down, just go up the fixed orifices through bolt and nut and correspond fixed orifices is connected down.
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| CN115152380B (en) * | 2022-07-06 | 2024-03-08 | 华中农业大学 | Real-time detection device for granular fertilizer discharge and application |
| CN117136685B (en) * | 2023-10-30 | 2024-02-13 | 中国农业大学 | Profiling, ditching, sowing and earthing device for hilly and mountainous areas |
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| US10595506B2 (en) * | 2016-05-26 | 2020-03-24 | Harry H. Becker | Material spreader bucket for loaders |
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Effective date of registration: 20230802 Address after: 432600 No.53, Fuhe Avenue, Anlu City, Xiaogan City, Hubei Province Patentee after: HUBEI YONGXIANG AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY EQUIPMENT Co.,Ltd. Address before: 430070 No. 1 Lion Rock street, Hongshan District, Hubei, Wuhan Patentee before: HUAZHONG AGRICULTURAL University |