CN110506478B - A multi-row spiral disturbance cone centrifugal granular fertilizer collector - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-row spiral disturbance cone centrifugal type granular fertilizer collector, comprising an upper casing, a speed-following control system, a lower casing connected with the upper casing by bolts, and a The middle disc in the middle of the shell, an independent cavity is formed between the middle disc and the upper shell, and the fertilizer discharge pipe is communicated with the independent cavity; Code disc, photoelectric sensor installed with photoelectric code disc, main control chip for obtaining photoelectric signal and output control signal, DC motor and controller capable of driving the rotation of the fertilizer shaft; photoelectric sensor, photoelectric code disc, main control chip and DC motor They are respectively electrically connected with the controller. The multi-row spiral disturbance cone centrifugal granular fertilizer collector of the invention realizes one-time multi-row granular fertilizer discharge, and can ensure accurate displacement and consistent displacement of each row.

Description

A multi-row spiral disturbance cone centrifugal granular fertilizer collector

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a centrifugal type granular fertilizer collector with a multi-row spiral disturbance cone.

Background technique

Fertilization is of great significance to the safety, stability and development of agricultural production. The rapid development of agriculture in the world depends not only on the progress of biotechnology and the expansion of cultivated and irrigated areas, but also in the use of fertilizers, pesticides and other chemicals and mineral energy. obtained under the condition of a large amount of input. China is the country with the largest amount of chemical fertilizer application in the world. The average amount of chemical fertilizer per mu of crops in my country is much higher than the world average level. The contribution of chemical fertilizer use to the increase in crop yield in my country is far lower than the world average level. The crop yield corresponding to the application rate is decreasing year by year, and the problem of the diminishing marginal effect of chemical fertilizers on crop yield increases has become increasingly prominent.

Farmers have the misconception that the more fertilizer the better the effect, not only is it difficult to guarantee the utilization rate of fertilizers, but excessive fertilization will cause soil compaction, pollute groundwater, and cause direct or indirect economic losses. The control of agricultural non-point source pollution should be solved from the application of chemical fertilizers. Precise fertilization through soil testing and formula can reduce the application amount of chemical fertilizers and improve the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers. However, the current fertilizer discharge device is difficult to ensure the consistency of the fertilizer amount of each fertilizer discharge pipe, and there are problems such as complex mechanical structure and high power consumption of air feeding.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-row spiral disturbance cone centrifugal type granular fertilizer collector, so as to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, realize one-time multi-row granular fertilizer discharge, and ensure accurate displacement, The row sizes are the same.

For achieving the above object, the present invention provides the following scheme:

The invention provides a multi-row helical disturbance cone centrifugal type granular fertilizer collector, comprising an upper casing, a speed-following control system, a lower casing connected with the upper casing by bolts, and a lower casing installed on the upper casing. The middle disc between the lower shell and the upper shell, the upper shell includes a fertilizer box connecting plate, a lower fertilizer pipe, a downward moving guard plate and an exiting guard plate connected in sequence, and the middle of the fertilizer box connecting plate is A fertilizer inlet is provided, the fertilizer inlet is connected with the fertilizer outlet of the fertilizer box, a plurality of fertilizer discharge pipes are evenly arranged on the outer edge of the bottom of the upper shell; a through hole is arranged in the center of the lower shell, so The intermediate disk includes a spiral disturbance cup, an arc-shaped conical disk, and an evacuation disk connected with the outer edge of the arc-shaped conical disk. The top of the spiral disturbance cup is connected with the fertilizer inlet, the upper end surface of the arc-shaped cone disc is provided with a plurality of centrifugal push plates, and the bottom end of the spiral disturbance cup is fixedly connected with the top of the centrifugal push plate , and there is a space between the bottom end of the spiral disturbance cup and the top end of the arc-shaped conical disc, and the bottom end of the arc-shaped conical disc is fixedly connected with a fertilizer discharge shaft, and the fertilizer discharge shaft passes through The bearing is rotatably matched with the through hole; an independent cavity is formed between the intermediate disc and the upper casing, and the fertilizer discharge pipe is communicated with the independent cavity; The photoelectric code disc connected to the rotating shaft of one of the wheels of the mobile device, the photoelectric sensor installed in cooperation with the photoelectric code disc, the main control chip for obtaining the photoelectric signal and outputting the control signal, the direct current motor capable of driving the rotation of the fertilizer shaft and the control The photoelectric sensor, the photoelectric code disc, the main control chip and the DC motor are respectively electrically connected to the controller.

Preferably, the upper end surface of the upper casing is provided with four first reinforcing ribs, and the lower fertilizer pipe, the lower-moving guard plate and the delivery guard are respectively fixed with each of the first reinforcing ribs. even.

Preferably, the centrifugal push plates are evenly arranged, and each centrifugal push plate forms an included angle of 12° with the radial direction of the arc-shaped conical disk, and the outer edge of the centrifugal push plate is provided with an anti-notch .

Preferably, there is a space between the anti-cut and the outer edge of the intermediate disc.

Preferably, the arc-shaped conical disk is a rotating combined surface formed by a combination of a parabola and a straight line at 35° to the horizontal plane and rotated around a fixed axis, and the generatrix of the arc-shaped conical disk runs from top to bottom. The angle between the tangent and the horizontal plane gradually decreases.

Preferably, the photoelectric code disc is a 20-hole code disc.

Preferably, the lower end surface of the lower casing is provided with four second reinforcing ribs, the through hole is provided with a bearing seat corresponding to the bearing, the bottom end of the through hole is further provided with a spring groove, the Inside and outside spring clips for limiting the bearing are arranged in the snap spring groove.

Preferably, the outer edge of the bottom end of the upper casing is provided with a plurality of upper fixing holes, the outer edge of the lower casing is provided with a plurality of lower fixing holes, and the upper fixing holes and the lower fixing holes are one by one. Correspondingly, and the upper fixing holes are connected with the corresponding lower fixing holes through bolts and nuts.

Compared with the prior art, the multi-row spiral disturbance cone centrifugal type granular fertilizer collector of the present invention has achieved the following technical effects:

The multi-row spiral disturbance cone centrifugal granular fertilizer collector of the present invention realizes one-time multi-row granular fertilizer discharge, and can ensure accurate displacement and consistent displacement of each row. The multi-row spiral disturbance cone centrifugal type granular fertilizer collector of the invention adopts spiral blades, which can realize the disturbance of the particles by the rotation of the collector during fertilization, and effectively prevent the fertilizer from arching; the arc-shaped cone disc is used to ensure the fertilizer The particles move down smoothly along the upper surface of the disc; the centrifugal push plate with a certain angle to the radial direction of the arc-shaped cone disc can realize the smooth transfer of fertilizer particles to the outer edge of the collector; the centrifugal principle is adopted to ensure that each fertilizer particle The probability of falling into the fertilizer pipe is the same, so as to achieve the consistency of the discharge of each row; by setting the anti-cut, it can prevent the fertilizer particles from entering the fertilizer pipe without shear damage; using the speed control system, the speed of the collector is based on The forward speed of the machine is adjusted from time to time to ensure the uniformity of fertilizer discharge; the modular design can be used directly with the rotary cultivator. According to the size of the rotary cultivator, different volumes of fertilizer boxes can be selected for installation, which has good adaptability.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the accompanying drawings required in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some of the present invention. In the embodiments, for those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained according to these drawings without any creative effort.

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a multi-row spiral disturbance cone centrifugal type granular fertilizer collector of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a partial structural schematic diagram of a multi-row helical disturbance cone centrifugal type granular fertilizer collector of the present invention;

3 is a schematic structural diagram of the upper casing in a multi-row helical disturbance cone centrifugal type granular fertilizer collector of the present invention;

4 is a schematic structural diagram of a cone disc in a multi-row helical disturbance cone centrifugal type granular fertilizer collector of the present invention;

5 is a schematic structural diagram of the middle and lower shells of a multi-row spiral disturbance cone centrifugal type granular fertilizer collector according to the present invention;

Among them: 1-fertilizer box, 2-frame, 3-collector, 4-DC motor, 5-controller, 6-speed measuring module, 61-photoelectric sensor, 62-photoelectric encoder, 11-upper shell, 12-bolt, 13-intermediate disc, 14-lower housing, 15-nut, 16-inner and outer spring clip, 17-deep groove ball bearing, 21-bolt hole, 22-fertilizer box connecting plate, 23-first reinforcement Rib, 24-lower fertilizer pipe, 25-fertilizer pipe, 26-delivery guard plate, 27-downward guard plate, 28-upper fixing hole, 31-spiral blade, 32-spiral disturbance cup, 33-delivery plate , 34- Centrifugal push plate, 35- Anti-notch, 36- Arc cone disc, 37- Fertilizer shaft, 41- Lower fixing hole, 42- Second reinforcing rib, 43- Bearing seat, 44- Circlip groove .

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-row spiral disturbance cone centrifugal type granular fertilizer collector, so as to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, realize one-time 8-row granular fertilizer discharge, and ensure accurate displacement, The row sizes are the same.

In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

As shown in FIG. 1 : in this embodiment, a multi-row helical disturbance cone centrifugal type granular fertilizer collector 3 includes an upper casing 11, a speed-following control system, a lower casing 14 connected to the upper casing 11 by bolts, and Installed on the middle disc 13 in the middle of the lower casing 14 and the upper casing 11, the upper casing 11 comprises the fertilizer tank connecting plate 22, the lower fertilizer pipe 25, the downward moving guard plate 27 and the delivery guard plate 26 connected in turn, and the fertilizer box A fertilizer inlet is arranged in the middle of the connecting plate 22, and the fertilizer inlet is connected with the fertilizer outlet of the fertilizer box 1. The fertilizer box 1 is installed on the rotary tiller (usually a tractor) through the frame 2, and the bottom outer edge of the upper casing 11 is evenly arranged. There are a plurality of fertilizer discharge pipes; the outer edge of the bottom end of the upper casing 11 is provided with 8 upper fixing holes 28 , the outer edge of the lower casing 14 is provided with 8 lower fixing holes 41 , the upper fixing hole 28 and the lower fixing hole 41 One-to-one correspondence, and the upper fixing holes 28 are connected with the corresponding lower fixing holes 41 through the bolts 12 and nut 15, and the lower fixing holes 41 of the lower casing 14 are matched with the upper fixing holes 28 of the upper casing 11, so that the upper casing 11 and the upper casing 11 are matched with each other. The coaxial positioning and fixing function of the lower casing 14.

The middle disc 13 includes a spiral disturbance cup 32, an arc-shaped conical disc 36 and an off-feed disc 33 connected with the outer edge of the arc-shaped conical disc 36. The off-feed disc 33 can ensure that the fertilizer particles are not running when the fertilizer discharger is not running. Or the intermediate disc 13 is discharged before the rotation speed of the fertilizer particles is discharged to avoid waste of fertilizer, and at the same time, it is ensured that the fertilizer particles are gradually filled with the fertilizer chamber under the obstruction of the discharge plate 33 before the fertilizer particles are left and conveyed, so as to ensure the uniformity of fertilizer discharge. The inner wall of the spiral disturbance cup 32 is provided with a plurality of helical blades 31 and the top of the spiral disturbance cup 32 is connected with the fertilizer inlet. The end is fixedly connected with the top end of the centrifugal push plate 34, and the bottom end of the spiral disturbance cup 32 is spaced from the top end of the arc-shaped conical disc 36, and the bottom end of the arc-shaped conical disc 36 is fixedly connected with a fertilizer discharge shaft. 37, the center of the lower casing 14 is provided with a through hole, and the fertilizer discharge shaft 37 is rotated and matched with the through hole through a bearing; an independent cavity is formed between the intermediate disc 13 and the upper casing 11, and the fertilizer discharge pipe is communicated with the independent cavity. ; The spiral disturbance cup 32 drives the helical blade 31 to rotate with the rotation of the central disc, and the helical blade 31 can provide axial thrust for the fertilizer particles in the disturbance cup and the perturbation effect of the rotation with the disturbance cup, so as to ensure the smooth downward movement of the fertilizer particles.

The speed-following control system includes a photoelectric code disc 62 connected to the rotating shaft of one of the wheels of the fertilization mobile device, a photoelectric sensor 61 installed in cooperation with the photoelectric code disc 62, a main control chip for obtaining photoelectric signals and outputting control signals, and capable of driving the fertilization axis. 37 The rotating DC motor 4 and the controller 5, the model of the main control chip is STM32F407, and the controller 5 is the STM32 single-chip microcontroller; the photoelectric sensor 61, the photoelectric code disc 62, the main control chip and the DC motor 4 are respectively connected with the controller 5. Electrically connected, the photoelectric code disc 62 is a 20-hole code disc. The speed control system can control the rotation speed of the DC motor 4 and then the collector 3 according to the rotation speed of the photoelectric encoder 62, so that the uniformity of fertilization can still be ensured under different forward speeds of the tractor. The rotation speed formula of the collector 3 corresponding to the parameters such as the working width H, the actual fertilization amount C, and the speed n of the photoelectric encoder 62 is:

v _f = 1979(CHnπD) ² -3151CHnπD+1247.9

The upper end surface of the upper casing 11 is provided with four first reinforcing ribs 23 , and the lower fertilizer pipe 25 , the lower moving guard 27 and the delivery guard 26 are respectively fixedly connected with each of the first reinforcing ribs 23 . The first reinforcing rib 23 can effectively increase the strength of the upper casing 11 , especially the vertical strength of the downward moving guard plate 27 and the exit guard plate 26 ; , to ensure that the probability of fertilizer entering each pipeline is the same.

The centrifugal push plates 34 are evenly arranged, and each centrifugal push plate 34 forms an included angle of 12° with the radial direction of the arc-shaped conical disc 36 . The friction force helps the fertilizer particles move to the outer edge of the middle disc 13; the centrifugal push plate 34 divides the middle disc 13 into 8 fan-shaped fertilizer chambers, which can ensure that the gap between the fertilizer particles in the fertilizer chamber increases, preventing fertilizer Pellets clog the fertilizer chamber.

The outer edge of the centrifugal push plate 34 is provided with an anti-cut 35, and there is a gap between the anti-cut 35 and the outer edge of the middle disc 13, because when the fertilizer particles approach the fertilizer discharge port under the action of centrifugal force, they do not completely enter the fertilizer discharge pipe. At this time, the centrifugal push plate 34 will form a shearing effect with the fertilizer discharge port, and the provision of the anti-notch 35 can effectively prevent the centrifugal push plate 34 and the fertilizer discharge port from causing shear damage to the fertilizer particles.

The arc-shaped conical disc 36 is a rotating combined surface formed by a combination of a parabola and a straight line at 35° to the horizontal plane and rotates around a fixed axis. When the fertilizer particles just enter the top of the arc-shaped conical disc 36, the fertilizer particles will be uniform. It is scattered around the arc-shaped cone disc 36, and at the same time, because the angle between the tangent line of the arc-shaped cone disc 36 and the horizontal plane gradually decreases from top to bottom, the angle is larger at the top, and the difference between the fertilizer particles and the combined surface is larger. The friction force is small, which facilitates the downward movement of fertilizer particles.

The lower end surface of the lower housing 14 is provided with four second reinforcing ribs 42 , the bearing seat 43 is provided in the through hole corresponding to the bearing, and the bottom end of the through hole is also provided with a spring groove 44 . The inner and outer spring clips 16 that limit the bearing. The second reinforcing rib 42 can increase the strength of the bearing seat 43 and the lower casing 14 to ensure the stability of the fertilizer discharger during the operation; When the intermediate disc 13 is fitted with the bearing and installed in the bearing seat, no radial swing will occur.

The working process of the multi-row helical disturbance cone centrifugal granular fertilizer collector 3 in this embodiment is as follows:

The fertilizer discharger connects the fertilizer box connecting plate 22 with the fertilizer box 1 through the bolt hole 21, and the fertilizer discharge shaft 37 is driven by the DC motor 4 to be powered by the tractor battery, and the speed of the machine is measured by the speed measuring module 6, and controls the DC motor 4 rotating speed. To achieve variable fertilization, when the machine starts, the DC motor 4 drives the fertilization shaft 37 to rotate at a slow speed, and the spiral disturbance cup 32 provides disturbance and downward pushing for the fertilizer, and the fertilizer moves down to the top of the arc-shaped cone disc 36. Under the action of the cone top of the arc-shaped conical disc 36, it is evenly distributed to the periphery of the arc-shaped conical disc 36, and the fertilizer at the upper end is continuously pressed downward under the action of the spiral disturbance cup 32, and the fertilizer particles move downward. At the same time, under the action of centrifugal force, the fertilizer moves to the outer edge, and the fertilizer continuously supplies fertilizer to the fertilizer chamber. When the rotation speed reaches the critical speed of fertilizer discharge, the fertilizer chamber is filled with fertilizer. When the rotation speed reaches the critical value of fertilizer delivery, the fertilizer is discharged through the fertilizer discharge pipe under the action of centrifugal force, and the granular fertilizer collector 3 continuously adjusts the rotation speed of the intermediate disc 13 according to the forward speed of the machine and discharges the fertilizer continuously until the fertilization operation is completed.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings , is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the indicated device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In this specification, specific examples are used to illustrate the principles and implementations of the present invention, and the descriptions of the above embodiments are only used to help understand the method and the core idea of the present invention; There will be changes in the specific implementation manner and application scope of the idea of the invention. In conclusion, the contents of this specification should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. a multi-row helical disturbance cone centrifugal type granular fertilizer collector, characterized in that: comprising an upper casing, a speed-following control system, a lower casing connected with the upper casing by bolts, and a The middle disc between the lower shell and the upper shell, the upper shell includes a fertilizer tank connecting plate, a lower fertilizer pipe, a downward moving guard plate and an exiting guard plate connected in sequence, and the fertilizer box is connected A fertilizer inlet is arranged in the middle of the plate, and the fertilizer inlet is connected with the fertilizer outlet of the fertilizer box. A plurality of fertilizer discharge pipes are evenly arranged on the outer edge of the bottom of the upper shell; and a through hole is arranged in the center of the lower shell. , the intermediate disk includes a spiral disturbance cup, an arc-shaped cone disk and a delivery disk connected to the outer edge of the arc-shaped cone disk, and the inner wall of the helical disturbance cup is provided with a plurality of helical blades And the top of the spiral disturbance cup is connected with the fertilizer inlet, the upper end surface of the arc-shaped cone disc is provided with a plurality of centrifugal push plates, and the bottom end of the spiral disturbance cup is connected to the top of the centrifugal push plate. Fixed connection, and there is a space between the bottom end of the spiral disturbance cup and the top end of the arc-shaped conical disc, the bottom end of the arc-shaped conical disc is fixed with a fertilizer discharge shaft, and the fertilizer discharge shaft The shaft is rotatably matched with the through hole through a bearing; an independent cavity is formed between the intermediate disc and the upper casing, and the fertilizer discharge pipe is communicated with the independent cavity; the speed-dependent control system includes A photoelectric code disc connected to the rotating shaft of one of the wheels of the fertilization mobile device, a photoelectric sensor installed in cooperation with the photoelectric code disc, a main control chip for obtaining photoelectric signals and outputting control signals, and a DC motor capable of driving the rotation of the fertilizer discharge shaft and a controller; the photoelectric sensor, the photoelectric code disc, the main control chip and the DC motor are respectively electrically connected to the controller. 2. The multi-row spiral disturbance cone centrifugal type granular fertilizer collector according to claim 1, characterized in that: the upper end face of the upper casing is provided with four first reinforcing ribs, and the lower fertilizer The pipe, the downward moving guard and the escape guard are respectively fixedly connected with each of the first reinforcing ribs. 3. The multi-row spiral disturbance cone centrifugal type granular fertilizer collector according to claim 1, wherein the centrifugal push plate is evenly arranged, and each centrifugal push plate is connected with the arc The radial direction of the cone-shaped disc is at an included angle of 12°, and the outer edge of the centrifugal push plate is provided with an anti-notch. 4. The multi-row helical disturbance cone centrifugal type granular fertilizer collector according to claim 3, characterized in that: there is a gap between the anti-cut and the outer edge of the middle disc. 5. The multi-row spiral disturbance cone centrifugal type granular fertilizer collector according to claim 1, characterized in that: the arc-shaped cone disc is composed of a parabola and a straight line that is 35° with the horizontal plane. On the rotating combined surface formed by one rotation around the fixed axis, the angle between the tangent line from top to bottom of the generatrix of the arc-shaped conical disk and the horizontal plane gradually decreases. 6 . The multi-row spiral disturbance cone centrifugal type granular fertilizer collector according to claim 1 , wherein the photoelectric code disc is a 20-hole code disc. 7 . 7 . The multi-row spiral disturbance cone centrifugal type granular fertilizer collector according to claim 1 , wherein the lower end surface of the lower casing is provided with four second reinforcing ribs, and the through holes are provided with four second reinforcing ribs. 8 . Corresponding to the bearing, a bearing seat is arranged in the middle, and the bottom end of the through hole is also provided with a spring groove, and the spring groove is provided with inner and outer spring clips for limiting the bearing. 8 . The multi-row spiral disturbance cone centrifugal type granular fertilizer collector according to claim 1 , wherein the outer edge of the bottom end of the upper casing is provided with a plurality of upper fixing holes, and the lower The outer edge of the casing is provided with a plurality of lower fixing holes, the upper fixing holes correspond to the lower fixing holes one-to-one, and the upper fixing holes are connected with the corresponding lower fixing holes through bolts and nuts.

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