CN110501475A - Determine method to a kind of karst big spring benefit source - Google Patents
Determine method to a kind of karst big spring benefit source Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of karst big springs to determine method with mending source, is related to hydrogeology technical field.This method includes first, arranges monitoring point.Second, the monitoring point determined in the first step is monitored, spring position, spring conductivity, spring temperature, spring flux, each water-bearing layer water level, conductivity, temperature and single storm are obtained.Third draws confluence tendency chart according to the monitoring data in second step；4th, the correlation model of spring position Yu water-bearing layer monitoring point water level is established, and supply range one is determined according to the model.5th, supply range two is determined according to the spring position monitored and single storm.6th, by establishing the conductivity model of fit in Baotu Spring, determine supply source ratio, and then determine and mend source range three.7th, supply range one, two, three obtained in the four, the 5th and the 6th is overlapped determining benefit source area.With can precisely determining the benefit source of karst big spring by this method, prerequisite is provided for the benefit source work in later period.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to hydrogeology technical field, specifically a kind of karst big spring determines method with mending source.
Background technique
With the rapid development of social economy, since the contradiction of supply and demand for the water resource and geologic Environment Problem become increasingly conspicuous, from upper
Since the sixties in century, artificial groundwater recharge is carried out in countries in the world.Artificial groundwater recharge is held in Britain within 1970 to beg for
Artificial recharge international symposium was held in U.S. New Orleans by meeting, 1973.According to statistics, German artificial recharge underground water
Quantity account for the ratio of amount of groundwater mining and be up to 30%, the U.S. 24%.China begins one's study underground from the 1950s
Water artificial recharge work, the sixties Shanghai City manually recharge underground water control surface subsidence.Since the seventies Beijing,
The Returning test of phreatic water and deep layer artesian groundwater is carried out in succession in the ground such as Tianjin, Henan, Hebei, Shandong.
The purpose and meaning of groundwater recharge and the critical issue of solution mainly have: 1. increasing groundwater resources supply；2. controlling
System and raising groundwater level, prevent water quality deterioration, surface subsidence, seawater invasion, cross strata pollution etc.；3. groundwater recharge is stored up
Energy；4. earth's surface Water Spreading is converted into ground water cleaning water source；5. haline water or underground inferior water reclamation；6. being regulated and stored using water-bearing layer
Build groundwater reservoir；7. oil-gas Layer waterflooding extraction oil gas；8. underground flooding prevents earthquake.
Existing benefit source engineering be mostly used for the 4th be the short distance certainty position in hole class water-bearing layer benefit source, have not seen
Karst big spring successfully mends the precedent report in source.
This is because, groundwater recharge is all short-range supply on the spot, in site recovery use, long range precision at present
The technical bottleneck problem in benefit source is still difficult to solve.Its Major Difficulties is whether underground water long distance movement approach penetrates through, this is just needed
Main Source Of Supply, the supply range of ground water discharge point (such as spring) are found out by a series of technical methods, and then could be selected
Select accurately benefit source place.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a kind of karst big springs to determine method with mending source, it being capable of essence by this method
With accurately determining the benefit source of karst big spring, prerequisite is provided for the benefit source work in later period.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention to solve the technical problem is that:
It determines method to a kind of karst big spring benefit source, includes the following steps,
The first step arranges monitoring point；
The 1.1 aqueous channel types according to locating for karst source find out the water-bearing layer to spring forming supply；
1.2 is determining according to the water-bearing layer determined in 1.1 and arrange water-bearing layer monitoring point
1.3 arrange rainfall monitoring point in each small towns；
Second step is monitored the monitoring point determined in the first step, obtains spring position, spring conductivity, spring temperature, current of spring
Amount, each water-bearing layer water level, conductivity, temperature and single storm；
Third step draws confluence tendency chart according to the monitoring data in second step；
3.1 according to the waterlevel data of the water-bearing layer monitoring point monitored in second step, therefrom chooses 2 years Zhongquan water levels of A, B
One day minimum and the highest one day data in spring position, and this 2 years dry season and wet season is drawn respectively according to the data
Level of ground water water level contour map；
3.2 from four water level contour maps obtained in step 3.1, choose the identical N figure of confluence trend, and therefrom select
One is taken to be used as confluence tendency chart；
4th step establishes the correlation model of spring position Yu each water-bearing layer monitoring point water level, and determines spring according to the model
Supply direction and supply range.
4.1 according to the time spring waterlevel data and water-bearing layer monitored in the time and second step determined in step 3.2
The waterlevel data of monitoring point；According to the monitoring of precipitation station, chooses precipitation in the time and add up most three months and precipitation
Add up least trimestral data, and calculates separately the related coefficient in wet season and dry season according to the data.
The size of 4.2 related coefficients according to obtained in step 4.1 finds out the water-bearing layer monitoring point in close relations to spring,
The spring in wet season and dry season in each time is drawn respectively and feeds areal map, and the spring of the wet season in each time is fed into areal map
Superposition obtains the spring supply areal map of wet season, is superimposed the spring supply areal map in the dry season in each time to obtain the spring in dry season
Feed areal map.
The spring of wet season is fed areal map and the supply areal map superposition of the spring in dry season by 4.3, obtains supply range one.
5th step determines relevance region according to the spring position monitored and single storm.
5.1 according to the time single storm and spring digit monitored in the time and second step determined in step 3.2
According to calculating separately the single storm of each precipitation station and the related coefficient of spring level amplitude.
5.2 draw the related coefficient of each precipitation station Yu spring level amplitude according to resulting related coefficient is calculated in step 5.1
Line chart, and the rainfall monitoring point that related coefficient is more than or equal to 0.75 is chosen, in this, as supply range two.
6th step determines supply source ratio by establishing the conductivity model of fit in Baotu Spring.
6.1 choose the monitoring data at least four times；
6.2 determine the fluctuation range of the spring conductivity monitored in a certain year, root according to the monitoring data in second step
Conductivity is divided into several sections according to fluctuation range, and counts the frequency of each section.
The frequency counted in 6.3 pairs of steps 6.2 carries out data and is fitted to obtain conductivity frequency matched curve figure.
The size of 6.4 conductivity according to corresponding to each wave crest in conductivity frequency matched curve figure compares second step
The size of the conductivity of measured each water-bearing layer monitoring point, determines the ratio between supply source and each supply source in monitoring data
Example.
The conductivity frequency fitting that 6.5 repetition step 6.2-6.4 obtain remaining time in the time that step 6.1 determines is bent
Line, and analysis determines the ratio between the supply source and supply source of each time Zhongquan in turn.
6.6, according to the spring flux data monitored in second step, calculate the spring year in each time in the time that step 6.1 determines
Average flow rate, and judge the variation tendency of spring mean annual discharge.
The each supply of supply ratio-dependent of different supply sources in 6.7 each times according to obtained in step 6.4 and 6.5
Variation tendency of source during monitoring, and compared with the variation tendency of spring mean annual discharge obtained in step 6.6, variation becomes
Consistent gesture is advantage supply source, in this, as benefit source range three.
7th step determines benefit source area.
7.1 will obtained in the 4th step, the 5th step and the 6th step supply range one, supply range two and supply range three into
Row superposition, then congruent region is ideal benefit source area.
The underground water in benefit source area obtained in the 7.2 confluence tendency chart judgment steps 7.1 according to obtained in third step converges
Whether stream direction is directed toward karst big spring, retains and is directed toward region, gives up non-direction region, obtain finally mending source area.
It further, further include the 8th step, reasonableness test；
The spring temperature monitoring data in a certain year in 8.1 selecting steps 6.1 in the determined time and water-bearing layer monitoring point prison
The water temperature data measured, and different water cut layer underground water temperature and spring hygrogram are drawn according to according to the data；
Spring temperature variation range according to the spring temperature variation range monitored, is divided into several sections, and count by 8.2
The frequency of each section；
The frequency counted in 8.3 pairs of steps 8.2 carries out data and is fitted to obtain spring temperature frequency matched curve figure；
The size of the 8.4 spring temperature according to corresponding to each wave crest in spring temperature frequency matched curve figure compares second step
The temperature level of measured each water-bearing layer monitoring point, determines the ratio between supply source and each supply source in monitoring data；
8.5 in the 6th step it is concluded that comparing, thus the reasonability of judgement conclusion.
Further, four are greater than to the monitoring cycle length of spring monitoring point, water-bearing layer monitoring point and rainfall monitoring point
A water year.
Further, in step 3.2,
As N >=3, one is chosen from the identical N water level contour map of confluence trend as confluence tendency chart；
As N < 3, according to the waterlevel data of the water-bearing layer monitoring point monitored in second step, chooses to remove and be selected in step 3.1
The data of C except fixed A, B 2 years, according to the data of C draw the level of ground water of this year dry season and wet season etc.
Water level line chart, and with four water level contour map comparative analyses obtained in step 3.2, choose identical N figures of confluence trend, it is right
N repeats above-mentioned differentiation process, until the value of N is more than or equal to 3.
Further, A, B 2 years in step 3.1 are discontinuous 2 years.
Further, it is spaced 1 year between A, B.
Further, the time chosen in step 6.1 exists with the time determined in step 3.1 to be overlapped.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1, it efficiently solves the problems, such as that karst area long range benefit source is accurate, suitable benefit can precisely be determined by this method
Source, prerequisite is provided for the benefit source work in later period, provides technical support for Bao Quan work, and through testing acquired by this method
Achievement meet field reality, have science.
2, spring and underground can be carried out by ongoing geotechnical boring or hydrogeology or engineering geological drilling work
The behavioral characteristics of water are observed, without excessive investment, economy with higher.
3, scientific in principle, method are simple, easy to operate, and data are easy to obtain, and have stronger practicability.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is Technology Roadmap of the invention；
Fig. 2 is monitoring point layout drawing；
Fig. 3 be underground water to karst big spring converge tendency chart；
Fig. 4 is the correlation block plan between Baotu Spring dry season spring position and peripheral karstic ground water water level；
Fig. 5 is the correlation block plan between Baotu Spring wet season spring position and peripheral karstic ground water water level；
Fig. 6 is the single storm of precipitation station and the related coefficient line chart of spring level amplitude；
Fig. 7 is the conductivity frequency matched curve figure in Baotu Spring；
Fig. 8 is finally to mend source area by Baotu Spring determined by this method；
Fig. 9 is different water cut layer underground water temperature and Baotu Spring spring hygrogram；
Figure 10 is Baotu Spring water temperature frequency matched curve figure.
Specific embodiment
To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, right below by taking the Baotu Spring in Jinan as an example
Technical solution of the present invention is described in further detail.
Determine method to a kind of karst big spring benefit source, comprising the following steps:
The first step arranges monitoring point
The 1.1 aqueous channel types according to locating for karst source find out water-bearing layer distribution, and according to the basic geological data of country
And previous hydrogeological test is as a result, find out the water-bearing layer to spring forming supply.
Herein, the groundwater occurrence of spring is fed among water-bearing layer, and searching target water-bearing layer is basis, for great Qu
For domain, it is understood that there may be multiple water-bearing layers, only those water-bearing layers being connected with spring are possible to generate benefit to spring
It gives, it is therefore desirable to according to basic geological data and previous hydrogeological test data, determine and the aqueous of supply is generated to spring
Layer.
1.2 is determining according to the water-bearing layer determined in 1.1 and arrange water-bearing layer monitoring point, and the arrangement of water-bearing layer monitoring point is answered
Meet the requirement of DZ T0282-2015 survey for the purpose of locating hydrogeological resources specification (1:5 ten thousand), i.e. every hundred square kilometres of groundwater monitoring points are many
In 9, and monitoring point should cover monitoring range as far as possible.
1.3 arrange rainfall monitoring point in each small towns.
Herein, the rainfall website directly utilizes the existing monitoring point of country.
As a kind of specific embodiment, the present embodiment by taking Jinan as an example, according to Jinan Spring Region basic geological data and
Previous hydrogeology, which is tested, determines that spring is fed jointly by Ordovician period water-bearing layer and a summer group water-bearing layer.According to DZ T0282-
The requirement of 2015 survey for the purpose of locating hydrogeological resources specifications (1:5 ten thousand), the present embodiment are arranging 42 water-bearing layers monitoring point in research area altogether,
The east, south, west for being mainly distributed on springs are upward.On functional areas, the water-bearing layer monitoring point be distributed in the direct feeding area in spring domain,
Indirect recharge area and discharge area.In water-bearing rock group, which is distributed in Cambrian system-Ordovician period water-bearing layer, cold
In Wu Ji summer water-bearing layers.It arranges rainfall monitoring point 16, and monitoring point layout drawing, such as Fig. 2 is drawn according to the arrangement of monitoring point
It is shown.
Second step is monitored the monitoring point determined in the first step, obtains basic data.
2.1 pairs of spring monitoring points are monitored, and it is as follows to obtain basic data series:
Spring position: H1, H2, H3, H4 ... .., Hi；
Spring conductivity: E1, E2, E3, E4 ... .., Ei；
Spring temperature: T1, T2, T3, T4 ... .., Ti；
Spring flux: Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4 ... .., Qi；
As a kind of specific embodiment, spring monitoring point described in the present embodiment is Baotu Spring.
2.2 pairs of water-bearing layers monitoring point is monitored, and it is as follows to obtain basic data series:
The water level of the 1st monitoring point in I water-bearing layer: HI11, HI12, HI13, HI14 ... .., HI1i；
The conductivity of the 1st monitoring point in I water-bearing layer: EI11, EI12, EI13, E14I ... .., EI1i；
The temperature of the 1st monitoring point in I water-bearing layer: TI11, T I12, T I13, T I14 ... .., TI1i；
The water level of the 2nd monitoring point in I water-bearing layer: HI21, HI22, HI23, HI24 ... .., HI2i；
The conductivity of the 2nd monitoring point in I water-bearing layer: EI21, EI22, EI23, EI24 ... .., EI2i；
The temperature of the 2nd monitoring point in I water-bearing layer: TI21, T I22, T I23, T I24 ... .., TI2i；
……
2.3 pairs of rainfall monitoring points are monitored, and it is as follows to obtain basic data series:
Observe day of 1st precipitation station data: P11, P12, P13, P14 ... .., P1i；
Observe day of 2nd precipitation station data: P21, P22, P23, P24 ... .., P2i；
……
Herein, rainfall data can collect the rainfall of national correlation department (hydraulic department, flood control department, meteorological department)
It stands monitoring data.
Further, the monitoring for the ease of being mutually authenticated, to spring monitoring point, water-bearing layer monitoring point and rainfall monitoring point
Cycle length is greater than four water years.
Third step draws confluence tendency chart according to the monitoring data in second step.
3.1 according to the waterlevel data of the water-bearing layer monitoring point monitored in second step, therefrom chooses 2 years Zhongquan water levels of A, B
One day minimum and the highest one day data in spring position, and this 2 years dry season and wet season is drawn respectively according to the data
Level of ground water water level contour map.
3.2 choose the identical N figure of confluence trend from four water level contour maps obtained in step 3.1.
As N >=3, one is chosen from the identical N water level contour map of confluence trend as confluence tendency chart；
As N < 3, according to the waterlevel data of the water-bearing layer monitoring point monitored in second step, chooses to remove and be selected in step 3.1
The data of C except fixed A, B 2 years, according to the data of C draw the level of ground water of this year dry season and wet season etc.
Water level line chart, and with four water level contour map comparative analyses obtained in step 3.2, choose identical N figures of confluence trend.It is right
N repeats above-mentioned differentiation process, until the value of N is more than or equal to 3.
Further, in order to improve accuracy, A, B 2 years are discontinuous 2 years, it is preferred that are spaced 1 year between A, B.
As a kind of specific embodiment, the present embodiment chooses on June 14th, 2016 (current year spring position minimum day) money
Material draws dry season Karst water table water level contour map, on August 22nd, 2016 (current year spring position highest day) data plottings
Wet season Karst water table water level contour map；It is withered to choose on April 21st, 2018 (current year spring position minimum day) data plotting
Water phase Karst water table water level contour map, on September 3rd, 2018 (current year spring position highest day) data plotting wet season karst
Level of ground water water level contour map.It analyzes by contrast, the confluence trend that four water level contour maps are reflected is consistent, therefore selected basis
The data on the 3rd of September in 2018 draw water level contour map as underground water to karst big spring confluence tendency chart, as shown in Figure 3.Root
According to the figure can determine what spring domain karstic ground water generally flowed from south to north, springs by east, south, three, west direction
Runoff supply is remitted to spring discharge area.
4th step establishes the correlation model of spring position Yu water-bearing layer monitoring point water level, and the benefit of spring is determined according to the model
To direction and supply range.
4.1 according to the time spring waterlevel data and water-bearing layer monitored in the time and second step determined in step 3.2
The waterlevel data of monitoring point chooses precipitation in the time and adds up most three months and precipitation according to the monitoring of precipitation station
Add up least trimestral data, and according to the data application linear regression equation
H=aP+b
Calculate separately the coefficient R in wet season and dry season2。
In formula: H is spring position；
P is water-bearing layer monitoring point water level；
This equation refers between the data (H and P) of one group of variable with correlativity, determines that best reflects a H and P
Between relationship straight line, and calculate coefficient R2, coefficient R2Just be able to reflect water-bearing layer monitoring point water level and spring position it
Between correlation, numerical value shows that more greatly correlation is better.
Coefficient R2Determination method belong to basic knowledge to those skilled in the art, herein no longer for should
Method is specifically illustrated.
4.2 coefficient Rs according to obtained in step 4.12Size, find out (R in close relations to spring2It is more than or equal to
0.75) water-bearing layer monitoring point draws in each time the spring in wet season and dry season respectively and feeds areal map, and by each time
The spring supply areal map of wet season is superimposed to obtain the spring supply areal map of wet season, and the spring in the dry season in each time is fed range
Figure superposition obtains the spring supply areal map in dry season.
The spring of wet season is fed areal map and the supply areal map superposition of the spring in dry season by 4.3, obtains supply range one.
By the 4th step, it can preferably differentiate the calendar variation of spring Source Of Supply, calculate separately wet season and low water
The correlation of peripheral the karst water level and spring position of phase, to determine supply direction and the supply range of spring.
As a kind of specific embodiment, the present embodiment observes money according to 2016 and 2018 Changes in underground water
Material draws the correlation subregion between Baotu Spring dry season spring position and wet season spring position and peripheral karstic ground water water level
Figure, as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5.
The correlation power that regression analysis obtains can disclose the otherness in supply from spring source to a certain extent.Low water
The spring mainly supply by Mountain Areas of Southern some areas, western suburb, Changqing the north, Jixi, springs neighboring area when the phase, such as Fig. 4 institute
Show.Otherness wherein in Changqing some areas and western suburb some areas is more obvious, thus it is speculated that Mountain Areas of Southern some areas, length
Clear northern underground water should be conducted to plutone by constructions such as parched rice shop grabens to be remitted to western suburb with limestone intersection
Feed spring.When the wet season, it is obvious that spring feeds otherness, as shown in figure 5, main receive to come from Mountain Areas of Southern, Changqing, west
The supply of suburb, springs south and periphery karst water.
5th step determines relevance region according to the spring position monitored and single storm.
5.1 according to the time single storm and spring digit monitored in the time and second step determined in step 3.2
According to regression beeline equation
Y=Ax+b
Calculate separately the single storm of each precipitation station and the related coefficient of spring level amplitude.
In formula: x is single storm；
Y is spring water level variable；
This equation refers between the data (x and y) of one group of variable with correlativity, determines that best reflects an x and y
Between relationship straight line, and calculate coefficient R2, coefficient R2Just it is able to reflect between rainfall and spring water level variable
Correlation, numerical value show that more greatly correlation is better.
Coefficient R2Determination method belong to basic knowledge to those skilled in the art, herein no longer for should
Method is specifically illustrated.
5.2 draw each precipitation station and spring level amplitude under subdimension according to resulting related coefficient is calculated in step 5.1
Related coefficient line chart, and choose coefficient R2Rainfall monitoring point more than or equal to 0.75, in this, as supply range two.
For remote regional Atmospheric precipitation, after seeping under precipitation, the precipitation of different section migrates to karst big spring place
Take time difference, so the precipitation of different regions often has the influence of spring position the lag of different time.Under normal circumstances,
Secondary rainfall differed the influence time section of the big spring position of karst of northern at 1-5 days, and to improve degree of protection, the present embodiment is chosen stagnant
Time 6 days afterwards calculate separately next day, second, third, fourth, fifth, the 6th day water level using the day of secondary precipitation as starting date
Water-head with the day of secondary precipitation is as time influence Variable Amplitude of the precipitation to spring position.
As a kind of specific embodiment, the present embodiment 16 precipitation stations 2016 and 2018 year according to determined by the first step
Precipitation data, it is assumed that lag time is respectively 1d~6d, calculate separately all precipitation stations single storm and Baotu Spring water level
The related coefficient of luffing (6 spring level amplitudes are the spring level amplitude for lagging 1d~6d respectively).Draw time of all precipitation stations
The related coefficient line chart of rainfall and spring level amplitude, as shown in Figure 6.
As can be seen from FIG. 6, under subdimension, the related coefficient luffing of each rainfall website lag time is larger, on the whole luffing
Between 0.3-0.9.As can be seen that the rainfall website such as Wu Jiapu, eastern red temple, swallow mountain and Baotu Spring ga ge relation are close, west
The lag time of each rainfall website in portion Changqing District is at 6 days or so；The lag time of northern each rainfall website is also at 3-6 days；East
Each rainfall website in portion was also differed at 2-6 days；Each precipitation station in Mountain Areas of Southern is between 1-2 days.In conjunction with ground water field, away from springs
The factors such as distance, formation lithology, geological structure consider, prosperity, swallow mountain, east red temple, Shao and wait precipitation stations control area and spring
Water is in close relations.
6th step determines supply source ratio by establishing the conductivity model of fit in Baotu Spring.
6.1 choose the monitoring data at least four times, and the time that this step is chosen should be with year determining in step 3.1
Part, which exists, to be overlapped.
6.2 determine the fluctuation range of the spring conductivity monitored in a certain year, root according to the monitoring data in second step
Conductivity is divided into several sections according to fluctuation range, and counts the frequency of each section.
The frequency counted in 6.3 pairs of steps 6.2 carries out data and is fitted to obtain conductivity frequency matched curve figure.
As a kind of specific embodiment, the present embodiment carries out the frequency counted in step 6.2 by origin software
Data fitting.The principle of the fitting software is to be fitted by Gauss curve fitting function to frequency data, formula are as follows:
In formula, x indicates one group of conductivity values；
The frequency fitted data of mono- group of conductivity values of y；
a0It indicates peak of curve, reflects the highest frequency of this peak value；
a1It indicates center of curve numerical value, shows the corresponding conductivity values of the peak value；
a2It indicates curve width, shows the curve crosses multiple groups conductivity.
The size of 6.4 conductivity according to corresponding to each wave crest in conductivity frequency matched curve figure compares second step
The size of the conductivity of measured each water-bearing layer monitoring point, determines the ratio between supply source and each supply source in monitoring data
Example.
The conductivity frequency fitting that 6.5 repetition step 6.2-6.4 obtain remaining time in the time that step 6.1 determines is bent
Line, and analysis determines the ratio between the supply source and supply source of each time Zhongquan in turn.
6.6, according to the spring flux data monitored in second step, calculate the spring year in each time in the time that step 6.1 determines
Average flow rate, and judge the variation tendency of spring mean annual discharge.
The each supply of supply ratio-dependent of different supply sources in 6.7 each times according to obtained in step 6.4 and 6.5
Variation tendency of source during monitoring, and compared with the variation tendency of spring mean annual discharge obtained in step 6.6, variation becomes
Consistent gesture is advantage supply source, in this, as benefit source range three.
It as a kind of specific embodiment, can be obtained in the present embodiment according to monitoring data, Baotu Spring average conductivity is 778
μS·cm-1, the spring mean annual discharge of 2015-2018 is as illustrated in chart 1.The Baotu Spring 2015-2018 is obtained by fitting
Conductivity frequency matched curve figure is illustrated as two hiding wave crests, as shown in fig. 7, and two peak areas it is shared in the gross area
Ratio is as shown in table 1.
1 Baotu Spring CFD PeakArea ratio list of table
According to different water cut layer water monitoring data, it is possible to determine that P1 is Cambrian system summer group aquifer recharge；P2 is Austria
Tao Ji aquifer recharge.And by the analysis to table 1 it is found that P2Variation tendency and spring mean annual discharge variation tendency one
It causes, shows that the hydraulic connection of Ordovician period water-bearing layer and spring is close.
7th step determines benefit source area.
7.1 will obtained in the 4th step, the 5th step and the 6th step supply range one, supply range two and supply range three into
Row superposition, then congruent region is ideal benefit source area.
The underground water in benefit source area obtained in the 7.2 confluence tendency chart judgment steps 7.1 according to obtained in third step converges
Whether stream direction is directed toward karst big spring, retains and is directed toward region, gives up non-direction region, obtain finally mending source area.
As a kind of specific embodiment, the final benefit source area in the Baotu Spring determined in the present embodiment is as shown in Figure 8.
8th step, reasonableness test.
The spring temperature monitoring data in a certain year in 8.1 selecting steps 6.1 in the determined time and water-bearing layer monitoring point prison
The water temperature data measured, and different water cut layer underground water temperature and spring hygrogram are drawn according to according to the data.
Spring temperature variation range according to the spring temperature variation range monitored, is divided into several sections, and count by 8.2
The frequency of each section.
The frequency counted in 8.3 pairs of steps 8.2 carries out data and is fitted to obtain spring temperature frequency matched curve figure.
The size of the 8.4 spring temperature according to corresponding to each wave crest in spring temperature frequency matched curve figure compares second step
The temperature level of measured each water-bearing layer monitoring point, determines the ratio between supply source and each supply source in monitoring data.
8.5 in the 6th step it is concluded that comparing, thus the reasonability of judgement conclusion.
The above reasonableness test is mainly according to different water cut layer water temperature height demonstration to identify supply source.Nature karst
Region is all often that more set stratum are constituted, as North China's karst big spring has the carbonate sediment layer of upper km thickness, layer and layer
Between be also mingled with relative water resisting layer, karst big spring is often that multiple water-bearing layers are fed jointly, due to ground heat affecting, different depth
Water-bearing layer underground water temperature can have significant difference, and spring temperature and water-bearing layer water temperature are compared, and deep aquifers water temperature is higher than shallow
Portion water-bearing layer can accurately identify the Source Of Supply of spring and aquifer water.
As a kind of specific embodiment, the present embodiment is supervised according to spring water temperature datas in 2017 and each water-bearing layer monitoring point
The data measured draw to obtain different water cut layer underground water temperature and Baotu Spring spring hygrogram, as shown in Figure 9.As seen from the figure, deep layer
Cambrian system summer group water-bearing layer underground water water temperature is maintained at 20.7 DEG C or so, temperature changing amplitude is small, it is minimum to be influenced by atmospheric air temperature,
Shallow-layer Ordovician period water-bearing layer underground water temperature is maintained at 17 DEG C or so, and the temperature in Baotu Spring is made pottery among the two, but with Austria in figure
Discipline water-bearing layer underground water temperature is close, it is indicated above that spring is from the water-bearing layer deep Zhang Xia and superficial part ordovician limestone water
Mixing, and the supply large percentage of superficial part ordovician limestone, the division that thus can prove supply from spring area are reasonable.
In addition, making Baotu Spring water temperature frequency matched curve figure according to spring water temperature data in 2017, as shown in Figure 10.By scheming
It is found that bimodal morphology is presented in Baotu Spring spring temperature curve of frequency distribution, thus precisely differentiate that Baotu Spring receives two kinds of different temperatures
The supply of underground water, the underground water temperature in Ordovician period water-bearing layer opens summer group water-bearing layer temperature far below Cambrian system as shown in Figure 9, and
P1The frequency proportion for the low water temperature underground water that peak value represents is significantly greater than P2, this shows that the supply from spring source Middle Ordovician Epoch contains
The supply of water layer is in the great majority, and frequency decomposition again demonstrates the reasonability that spring mends source region result.
Superposition described in this patent refers both to take the maximum area range after overlapping.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of karst big spring determines method with mending source, it is characterised in that: include the following steps,
The first step arranges monitoring point；
The 1.1 aqueous channel types according to locating for karst source find out the water-bearing layer to spring forming supply；
1.2 is determining according to the water-bearing layer determined in 1.1 and arrange water-bearing layer monitoring point
1.3 arrange rainfall monitoring point in each small towns；
Second step is monitored the monitoring point determined in the first step, obtains spring position, spring conductivity, spring temperature, spring flux,
Each water-bearing layer water level, conductivity, temperature and single storm；
Third step draws confluence tendency chart according to the monitoring data in second step；
3.1 according to the waterlevel data of the water-bearing layer monitoring point monitored in second step, therefrom chooses 2 years Zhongquan water levels of A, B most
Low one day and the highest one day data in spring position, and this 2 years dry season and wet season are drawn respectively according to the data
The water level contour map of level of ground water；
3.2 choose the identical N figure of confluence trend from four water level contour maps obtained in step 3.1, and therefrom choose one
Zhang Zuowei confluence tendency chart；
4th step establishes the correlation model of spring position Yu water-bearing layer monitoring point water level, and the supply side of spring is determined according to the model
To with supply range；
4.1 monitor according to the time spring waterlevel data and water-bearing layer for monitoring in the time and second step determined in step 3.2
The waterlevel data of point chooses precipitation in the time accumulative most three months and precipitation is accumulative according to the monitoring of precipitation station
Least trimestral data, and calculate separately according to the data related coefficient in wet season and dry season；
The size of 4.2 related coefficients according to obtained in step 4.1 finds out the water-bearing layer monitoring point in close relations to spring, respectively
It draws the spring in wet season and dry season in each time and feeds areal map, and the spring of the wet season in each time supply areal map is superimposed
The spring supply areal map of wet season is obtained, the spring supply areal map in the dry season in each time is superimposed to obtain the spring in dry season and is fed
Areal map；
The spring of wet season is fed areal map and the supply areal map superposition of the spring in dry season by 4.3, obtains supply range one；
5th step determines relevance region according to the spring position monitored and single storm；
5.1 according to the time single storm and spring waterlevel data for monitoring in the time and second step determined in step 3.2,
Calculate separately the single storm of each precipitation station and the related coefficient of spring level amplitude；
5.2 draw the related coefficient broken line of each precipitation station Yu spring level amplitude according to resulting related coefficient is calculated in step 5.1
Figure, and the rainfall monitoring point that related coefficient is more than or equal to 0.75 is chosen, in this, as supply range two；
6th step determines supply source ratio by establishing the conductivity model of fit in Baotu Spring；
6.1 choose the monitoring data at least four times；
6.2 determine the fluctuation range of the spring conductivity monitored in a certain year according to the monitoring data in second step, according to wave
Conductivity is divided into several sections by dynamic range, and counts the frequency of each section；
The frequency counted in 6.3 pairs of steps 6.2 carries out data and is fitted to obtain conductivity frequency matched curve figure；
The size of 6.4 conductivity according to corresponding to each wave crest in conductivity frequency matched curve figure, comparison second step monitoring
The size of the conductivity of measured each water-bearing layer monitoring point, determines the ratio between supply source and each supply source in data；
6.5 repetition step 6.2-6.4 obtain the conductivity frequency matched curve in remaining time in the time that step 6.1 determines, and
And then analyze the ratio between the supply source and supply source that determine each time Zhongquan；
6.6, according to the spring flux data monitored in second step, calculate the spring Nian Ping in each time in the time that step 6.1 determines
Equal flow, and judge the variation tendency of spring mean annual discharge；
The each supply source of supply ratio-dependent of different supply sources in 6.7 each times according to obtained in step 6.4 and 6.5
Variation tendency during monitoring, and compared with the variation tendency of spring mean annual discharge obtained in step 6.6, variation tendency
Consistent is advantage supply source, in this, as benefit source range three；
7th step determines benefit source area；
7.1 carry out supply range one, supply range two obtained in the 4th step, the 5th step and the 6th step and supply range three
Superposition, then congruent region is ideal benefit source area；
The underground water confluence side in source area is mended obtained in the 7.2 confluence tendency chart judgment steps 7.1 according to obtained in third step
To whether karst big spring is directed toward, retains and be directed toward region, give up non-direction region, obtain finally mending source area.
2. according to where require 1 described in a kind of karst big spring determine method with mending source, it is characterised in that: further include the 8th
Step, reasonableness test；
The spring temperature monitoring data in a certain year in 8.1 selecting steps 6.1 in the determined time and water-bearing layer monitoring point monitor
Water temperature data, and draw different water cut layer underground water temperature and spring hygrogram according to according to the data；
8.2 are divided into several sections according to the spring temperature variation range monitored, by spring temperature variation range, and count every
The frequency of one section；
The frequency counted in 8.3 pairs of steps 8.2 carries out data and is fitted to obtain spring temperature frequency matched curve figure；
The size of the 8.4 spring temperature according to corresponding to each wave crest in spring temperature frequency matched curve figure, comparison second step monitoring
The temperature level of measured each water-bearing layer monitoring point, determines the ratio between supply source and each supply source in data；
8.5 in the 6th step it is concluded that comparing, thus the reasonability of judgement conclusion.
3. according to where require 1 described in a kind of karst big spring determine method with mending source, it is characterised in that: spring is monitored
The monitoring cycle length of point, water-bearing layer monitoring point and rainfall monitoring point is greater than four water years.
4. according to where require 1 described in a kind of karst big spring determine method with mending source, it is characterised in that: in step 3.2,
As N >=3, one is chosen from the identical N water level contour map of confluence trend as confluence tendency chart；
As N < 3, according to the waterlevel data of the water-bearing layer monitoring point monitored in second step, choose except selecting in step 3.1
A, the data of the C except B 2 years draw the equal water levels of the level of ground water of this year dry season and wet season according to the data of C
Line chart, and with four water level contour map comparative analyses obtained in step 3.2, identical N figures of confluence trend are chosen, to N weight
Above-mentioned differentiation process is carried out again, until the value of N is more than or equal to 3.
5. according to where require 1 described in a kind of karst big spring determine method with mending source, it is characterised in that: A, B in step 3.1
2 years are discontinuous 2 years.
6. according to where require 5 described in a kind of karst big spring determine method with mending source, it is characterised in that: be spaced between A, B
1 year.
7. according to where require 1 described in a kind of karst big spring determine method with mending source, it is characterised in that: selected in step 6.1
The time taken exists with the time determined in step 3.1 to be overlapped.
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