CN110501136B - Ocean platform wind load forecasting method based on test of correcting specific wind profile to arbitrary wind profile - Google Patents
Ocean platform wind load forecasting method based on test of correcting specific wind profile to arbitrary wind profile Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A wind load forecasting method of an ocean platform based on a test specific wind profile to be corrected to any wind profile comprises the steps of firstly, selecting a mature simulation wind profile model for a test based on a target NPD wind profile model corresponding to a designed wind speed and a four-field wind profile model of a building structure; secondly, determining a test wind speed according to that the structural generalized system coefficient does not change along with the Reynolds number or the wind speed basically when the flow field enters a turbulent flow state within a certain range, carrying out a wind tunnel test on the basis and calculating a wind load forecasting coefficient; and finally, determining the forecast wind load coefficient correction according to the principle that the overall body type coefficient of the structure under the target wind profile is consistent with the overall body type coefficient of the structure under the experimentally selected wind profile, and establishing a correction coefficient calculation method. The method does not need to carry out debugging simulation of the target NPD wind profile model corresponding to the designed wind speed, saves debugging simulation time, improves the working efficiency of the structural wind tunnel test and saves cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for correcting wind tunnel test data of an ocean platform structure, in particular to a method for forecasting wind load of an ocean platform by correcting a specific wind profile to an arbitrary wind profile based on a test.
Background
The wind load is an important load of the ocean platform structure, particularly the floating ocean platform structure, the stability of the floating ocean platform structure is greatly influenced, and reliable guarantee is provided for reasonable platform structure design by adopting reliable wind tunnel test to determine the wind load. In order to simulate gradient wind in practical engineering, an NPD (Norwegian Petroleum turbine) wind profile is often adopted in the field of ocean engineering, because the wind profile is related to a basic wind speed at a reference height, namely the basic wind speed at the reference height is different, the wind profiles are different, namely the wind profiles required by wind tunnel tests of different ocean platform structures are different, more workload is brought to the wind tunnel tests, wind profile models of four types of fields which are simulated by building structures cannot be utilized, the simulated wind profiles need to be debugged and arranged again through wedges, rough elements and grids, the workload cannot be estimated, particularly, when the basic wind speed at the reference height is very large (extreme wind speed), the simulation difficulty is very high, if a mature building structure wind profile simulation test can be simulated by utilizing a laboratory, the forecast wind loading coefficient of the wind profile model at the given basic wind speed is obtained through a correction method, therefore, the wind load of the platform structure under the designed wind speed is forecasted, the workload of the wind tunnel test is greatly reduced, and the working efficiency is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the background technology, a wind tunnel laboratory is used for simulating a mature wind profile model to perform a wind tunnel test of an ocean platform structure, a wind load coefficient is corrected by considering an ocean platform structure wind tunnel test target wind profile on the basis of obtaining a wind load forecasting coefficient, a wind load coefficient under the corresponding condition of the ocean platform structure wind tunnel test target wind profile is obtained, and a design target wind speed is combined to forecast the design load of the ocean platform structure according to the coefficient so as to provide reasonable wind load for the design of the ocean platform structure.
The technical scheme for solving the problems comprises the following steps:
a method for forecasting the wind load of an ocean platform based on the correction of a specific wind profile to an arbitrary wind profile in a test comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: determining the design wind speed U0
Determining design wind speed U of ocean platform structure according to Party A entrustment mission book0The design wind speed is a key parameter for determining the design load of the platform structure and determining the NPD wind profile.
Step 2: determining a target wind profile model
According to the determined design wind speed U0And the NPD wind profile model can determine the design wind speed U0Model parameters corresponding to the NPD wind profile model are used for simulating mature four types of field wind profile models according to the NPD wind profile model and a wind tunnel laboratoryAnd (4) selecting the closest wind profile model which simulates mature wind profile model in a wind tunnel laboratory as a target wind profile for carrying out the wind tunnel test of the ocean platform structure.
And step 3: testing and verifying target wind profile model
Arranging wedges, rough elements and grids in a wind tunnel laboratory model test section, testing a wind profile after the arrangement is finished, verifying the rationality of a test result and a target wind profile model, and simulating the wind profile model if the error is within a required error range; if the error is not in the error range, rearranging the wedges, the rough elements and the grids, and repeating the step 3. The error range is the error range commonly used by engineering structures: 0 to 5 percent.
And 4, step 4: determining wind speed of wind tunnel test of ocean platform structure
After the test and verification of the target wind profile model are completed, installing an ocean platform structure model; after the installation is finished, carrying out a variable wind speed force measurement test on the ocean platform structure model; calculating a change curve of the structure size coefficient and the wind speed (or Reynolds number) according to the variable wind speed force measurement test result; and judging the critical wind speed (or critical Reynolds number) of the flow field entering the turbulent flow state according to the curve, and determining the test wind speed according to the critical wind speed as long as the test wind speed is greater than the critical wind speed and the Reynolds number similarity criterion is automatically met according to the principle that the Reynolds number similarity criterion of the flow field entering the turbulent flow state is automatically met.
The critical wind speed (or critical Reynolds number) judgment principle is that according to a change curve of the structure form factor and the wind speed (or Reynolds number), when the change of the structure form factor corresponding to the former wind speed and the structure form factor corresponding to the latter wind speed adjacent to the first group is less than 5%, the structure system coefficient is considered to be not changed along with the wind speed (or Reynolds number), and the first wind speed of the group is the critical wind speed (or critical Reynolds number).
And 5: carrying out wind load force measurement test on ocean platform structure model
And 4, carrying out blowing force measurement test on the ocean platform structure model according to the test wind speed determined in the step 4, completing force measurement tests corresponding to all working conditions according to test requirements, and providing a basis for determining corresponding wind load prediction coefficients of all working conditions.
Step 6: calculating wind load forecast coefficient
Obtaining a structural model wind force calculation formula according to the wind load calculation model:
wherein ρ is the air density; cSIs the structural body shape coefficient; a. theiIs a height z from the groundiThe windward area of the structural model; v (z)i) Is a height z from the groundiThe wind speed is determined, the calculation is carried out according to the test wind speed and the formula (1), and n is the number of the structural models layered along the height; i is the hierarchical number of the structure.
Height z from groundiAt wind speed V (z)i) It can be calculated from the selected target wind profile, that is:
wherein: v (Z) is the wind speed at any height Z meters, and the unit is m/s; v0The base wind speed at a standard height of 10 meters in m/s, and α is the roughness index of the ground, the size of which is related to the roughness category of the ground.
Combining the formula (1) and the formula (2), the structural model wind power calculation formula can be obtained:
converting the load of the structural model in the formula (3) into a structural prototype to obtain a wind power calculation formula of the structural prototype
Wherein gamma is a model scale.
Wind force F measured by wind tunnel physical model test can be known according to formula (4)cReaction ofAir volume density rho and structural body type characteristic CsWind area of the structure
Wind profile characteristics of a structure
(target wind profile), a wind forecast coefficient for the prototype of the structure can thus be defined according to equation (4):
wherein, FcFor the test to measure wind force, V0The wind speed is the test wind speed at a height of 10m (corresponding to 0.067m of the model) above the sea level during the wind load test.
Similarly, the prediction coefficient of the moment can be determined:
wherein: mcWind torque was measured for the test.
The wind load forecasting formula of the structural prototype is as follows:
wherein, FyIs according to U0Forecasted wind power, MyAccording to U0Predicted wind moment, U0The average wind speed at 10m height above sea level.
And 7: correction coefficient for determining wind load forecast coefficient
According to the derivation in the step 6, the wind load forecasting coefficient reflects the building structure index law
The wind profile characteristics, not the characteristics of the NPD wind profile of the ocean platform structure, need to be modified. Will reflect the building structure index law
And correcting the load forecasting coefficient of the wind profile characteristic to a load forecasting coefficient reflecting the NPD wind profile characteristic.
For the ocean platform structure, the wind profile model is an NPD model, that is, the corresponding time-average wind speed u (z) at z (m) on the sea surface:
wherein,
U0the time-average wind speed is 10 meters above sea level.
Combining the formula (1) and the formula (8), the height test wind speed V of 10m (corresponding to the model of 0.067m) on the sea level can be obtained based on the NPD wind profile0The structural model wind power calculation formula is as follows:
the structural form factor can be obtained according to equation (3):
when F is presentzFor measuring wind power of the structure model, the structure body form coefficient CsIt can be determined computationally, that is:
because the size coefficient of the structure is the inherent characteristic of the structure and does not change along with the wind profile of the wind field where the structure is located, the formula (11) is put into the formula (9) to be sorted out:
according to the derivation process of the formula (12), the calculated structural model wind power reflects the air volume density rho and the structural body type characteristic CsWind area of the structure
Wind profile characteristics of a structure
(NPD wind profile, not exponential wind profile
) It can be determined computationally after the structural wind force is measured in the exponential wind profile. Thus F in formula (5)cIs changed to FnIf it is determined that the wind forecast coefficient reflects the NPD wind profile characteristic rather than the exponential wind profile characteristic, the calculation formula is:
the correction coefficient of the wind forecasting coefficient is as follows:
the correction coefficient of the wind moment forecasting coefficient obtained by the same method is as follows: :
the modified wind forecast coefficients are taken into account according to equations (2) and (5)
CFn＝CFc(V0，U0)CF(15)
In the same way, the wind moment forecasting coefficient considering correction is as follows:
CMn＝CMc(V0，U0)CM(16)
and 8: wind load forecasting of ocean platform structural design
And correcting the forecast load coefficient according to a calculation method of the forecast wind load coefficient correction coefficient, and calculating and forecasting the design load according to the design wind speed on the basis.
The wind load forecasting formula is as follows:
wherein F is according to U0Forecasted wind, M according to U0Predicted wind moment, U0The average wind speed at 10m height above sea level.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the wind tunnel experiment of the ocean platform structure is directly carried out on the basis of a wind tunnel laboratory simulation mature wind profile model, the forecast load coefficient is corrected on the basis, the forecast load coefficient under the NPD wind profile corresponding to the design wind speed of the ocean platform structure is obtained, the design wind load forecast is further carried out, debugging and simulation of the NPD wind profile corresponding to the design wind speed of the ocean platform structure are not needed, and the experiment efficiency is greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an implementation of the method of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a wind profile model.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings and examples.
The method comprises the steps of selecting a mature simulation wind profile model for a test based on a target NPD wind profile model corresponding to a designed wind speed and a building structure four-class site wind profile model for laboratory maturation simulation; determining a test wind speed according to that the coefficient of the structural generalized system in a certain range of a turbulent flow state entering a flow field does not change along with the Reynolds number or the wind speed basically, performing a wind tunnel test on the basis and calculating a wind load forecasting coefficient; in order to correct the result of a mature simulation wind section model for a test to the result corresponding to a target NPD wind section model corresponding to a designed wind speed, the forecast wind load coefficient correction is determined according to the principle that the overall body type coefficient of a structure under a target wind section is consistent with that of a structure under a test selected wind section, a correction coefficient calculation method is established, and the ocean platform wind load prediction method for correcting any wind section based on the test specific wind section is obtained on the basis. The method comprises the following specific steps:
the invention adopts the calculation which is not a real ocean platform structure and does not relate to a specific test, and the theoretical calculation method is mainly adopted to obtain the test result, but the basic principles are consistent, the main purpose is to illustrate the rationality of the specific implementation process and the calculation result of the invention, and the process is described according to the actual test as the specific test is not related. Example basic parameters: the height and width of the structure are 60m × 24m, the designed wind speed is 10m, the height and ten minutes of the designed wind speed are 45m/s, the structure size coefficient is 1.5, and the model scale is 1: 150. Step 1: design wind speed U0Is determined
According to the description of the present example, it can be seen that the design wind speed of the structure is 45m/s, 10m high ten minutes average wind speed.
Step 2: determination of a target wind profile model
For the ocean platform structure, the wind profile model is an NPD model, and the model is specifically calculated according to the formula (8). According to the design wind speed of the present example, the model parameters can be determined, and the model curve is shown in FIG. 1.
The building structure wind profile model is an exponential wind profile, and a specific calculation model is shown in a formula (2). For sites with the building structure classified into A, B, C, D types, the corresponding values of alpha are distributed as 0.12, 0.15, 0.22 and 0.3, and the corresponding model curves are shown in figure 1. The A, B, C, D four types of sites corresponding to the wind profile models of the building structure are fixed, and in order to improve the test efficiency and the test precision, the wind profile models of the wind tunnel laboratory of the building structure corresponding to the four types of sites are simulated and debugged successfully and have good precision.
Cumulative error between class j wind profile model and NPD model of building structure:
wherein i is a height serial number of the wind profile divided along the height. And selecting a wind profile model for the wind tunnel experiment according to the minimum accumulated error. And selecting the index profile model corresponding to the alpha being 0.12 according to the calculation result. That is, the target wind profile is:
and step 3: testing and verifying target wind profile model
Since the present example is a numerical example, it can be assumed that the simulated wind profile completely conforms to the target wind profile. For the physical model test of the actual engineering structure, the corresponding wind profile wind speed needs to be tested according to the arrangement and debugging of the wedges, the rough elements and the grids until the required error requirement is met.
And 4, step 4: determining wind speed of wind tunnel test of ocean platform structure
As the actual test is not carried out, the critical wind speed of the structural model is assumed to be 20m/s, and the test wind speed can be assumed to be 25m/s at the height of 10m (corresponding to 0.067m of the model) on the sea level according to the determination principle of the test wind speed.
And 5: carrying out wind load force measurement test on ocean platform structure model
And carrying out blowing force measurement test on the ocean platform structure model according to the determined test wind speed, and completing the force measurement test corresponding to all working conditions according to the test requirements. Because no actual test is carried out, the force measurement result is calculated according to a wind power calculation formula:
where ρ is the air density, CSIs the structural form factor, AiIs a height z from the groundiThe windward area of the structural model; v (z)i) Is a height z from the groundiAnd (3) calculating the wind speed according to the test wind speed and the formula (2), wherein n is the number of the structural model layers along the height, and the value of the wind speed is 10 in the example. The results of this calculation are shown in Table 1.
Step 6: calculating wind load forecast coefficient
According to the formula (5) and the formula (6), the wind load forecasting coefficient of the structural prototype can be calculated, and the calculation result is shown in table 1.
And 7: correction coefficient for calculating wind load forecast coefficient
The correction coefficient of the wind load prediction coefficient of the structural prototype can be calculated according to the formula (13) and the formula (14), and the calculation result is shown in table 1.
And 8: wind load forecasting of ocean platform structural design
According to the design wind speed, the wind load forecasting coefficient and the correction coefficient of the wind load forecasting coefficient, the design wind load of the ocean platform structure can be calculated by combining the formulas (15), (16) and (17), and the calculation result is shown in the table 1.
Table 1 structural design wind load forecast
The above-mentioned embodiments only express the embodiments of the present invention, but not should be understood as the limitation of the scope of the invention patent, it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, many variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall into the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A wind load forecasting method of an ocean platform based on a test specific wind profile corrected to an arbitrary wind profile is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: determining the design wind speed U0Design wind speed U0The time-average wind speed is 10 meters above sea level;
step 2: determining a target wind profile model
The design wind speed U determined according to the step 10And NPD wind profile model, doFixed design wind speed U0Model parameters corresponding to the NPD wind profile model; according to the comparison between the NPD wind profile model and four types of field wind profile models which are simulated to be mature in a wind tunnel laboratory, selecting the closest wind profile model as a target wind profile for carrying out a wind tunnel test of an ocean platform structure;
and step 3: testing and verifying target wind profile model
Arranging wedges, rough elements and grids in a wind tunnel laboratory model test section, testing a wind profile after the arrangement is finished, verifying the rationality of a test result and a target wind profile model, and simulating the wind profile model when the error is within a required error range;
and 4, step 4: determining wind speed of wind tunnel test of ocean platform structure
After the test and verification of the target wind profile model are completed, an ocean platform structure model is installed, a variable wind speed force test of the ocean platform structure model is carried out after the installation, and a change curve of a structure body type coefficient and wind speed or Reynolds number is calculated according to the variable wind speed force test result; judging the critical wind speed or critical Reynolds number of the flow field entering the turbulent flow state according to the curve; according to the principle that the Reynolds number similarity criterion of the flow field entering the turbulent flow state is automatically met, the test wind speed is greater than the Reynolds number of the critical wind speed, and the similarity criterion is automatically met, so that the test wind speed can be determined according to the critical wind speed;
and 5: carrying out wind load force measurement test on ocean platform structure model
Carrying out blowing force measurement test on the ocean platform structure model according to the test wind speed determined in the step 4, completing force measurement tests corresponding to all working conditions according to test requirements, and providing a basis for determining corresponding wind load prediction coefficients of all working conditions;
step 6: calculating wind load forecast coefficient
Obtaining a structural model wind force calculation formula according to the wind load calculation model:
wherein ρ is the air density; cSIs the structural body shape coefficient; a. theiIs a height z from the groundiThe windward area of the structural model; v (z)i) Is a height z from the groundiThe wind speed is determined, the calculation is carried out according to the test wind speed and the formula (1), and n is the number of the structural models layered along the height; i is the hierarchical sequence number of the structure;
height z from groundiAt wind speed V (z)i) The calculation can be based on the selected target wind profile, i.e.:
wherein: v (Z) is the wind speed at any height Z meters, and the unit is m/s; v0The unit is m/s of basic wind speed at the standard height of 10 meters, and α is a ground roughness index;
combining the formula (1) and the formula (2) to obtain a structural model wind power calculation formula:
and (3) converting the load of the structural model in the formula (3) into a structural prototype to obtain a structural prototype wind power calculation formula:
wherein gamma is a model scale;
the wind forecast coefficients of the structural prototype are defined according to equation (4):
wherein, FcFor the test to measure wind force, V0The test wind speed is 10m high above sea level during wind load test;
determining the forecasting coefficient of the moment in the same way:
wherein: mcMeasuring wind moment for the test;
the wind load forecasting formula of the structural prototype is as follows:
wherein, Fy、MyIs according to U0Forecasted wind power and wind moment; u shape0The time-average wind speed is 10 meters above sea level;
and 7: correction coefficient for determining wind load forecast coefficient
Will reflect the building structure index law
Correcting the load forecasting coefficient of the wind profile characteristic into a load forecasting coefficient reflecting the NPD wind profile characteristic;
for the ocean platform structure, the wind profile model is an NPD model, that is, the corresponding time-average wind speed u (z) at z (m) on the sea surface:
wherein,
U0the time-average wind speed is 10 meters above sea level;
combining the formula (1) and the formula (8), and obtaining the test wind speed V at the height of 10m on the sea level based on the NPD wind profile0The structural model wind power calculation formula is as follows:
obtaining the structural size coefficient according to the formula (3):
when F is presentzWhen the wind power of the structural model is measured, the wind power calculation formula of the structural model is as follows:
f in the formula (5)cIs changed to FnIf the wind power forecasting coefficient is determined to reflect the NPD wind profile characteristics, the calculation formula is as follows:
the correction coefficient of the wind forecasting coefficient is as follows:
the correction coefficient of the wind moment forecasting coefficient obtained by the same method is as follows:
the corrected wind forecast coefficients are then considered according to equations (2) and (5) as:
CFn＝CFc(V0,U0)CF(15)
in the same way, the wind moment forecasting coefficient considering correction is as follows:
CMn＝CMc(V0,U0)CM(16)
and 8: wind load forecasting of ocean platform structural design
Correcting the forecast load coefficient according to a calculation method of the forecast wind load coefficient correction coefficient, and calculating and forecasting the design load according to the design wind speed on the basis, wherein the wind load forecasting formula is as follows:
wherein F is according to U0Forecasted wind power, M is according to U0The forecasted wind moment.
2. The method for forecasting the wind load of the ocean platform corrected to any wind profile based on the test specific wind profile according to claim 1, wherein the error range in the step 3 is an error range commonly used by engineering structures: 0 to 5 percent.
3. The method for forecasting the wind load of the ocean platform corrected to any wind profile based on the test specific wind profile according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the judgment principle of the critical wind speed or the critical Reynolds number in the step 4 is as follows: and determining according to a change curve of the structure body type coefficient and the wind speed or the Reynolds number, and when the change of the structure body type coefficient corresponding to the former wind speed and the structure body type coefficient corresponding to the latter wind speed adjacent to the first group is less than 5%, determining that the structure system coefficient does not change along with the wind speed or the Reynolds number basically, and determining that the first wind speed of the group is the critical wind speed or the critical Reynolds number.
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| DE3816649A1 (en) * | 1988-05-16 | 1989-11-30 | Gruenzweig & Hartmann Montage | Wind tunnel having interior insulation |
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| CN105711763B (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2017-11-17 | 天津大学 | Ocean platform upper chunk typhoon load calculation method |
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