CN110500794B - Solar energy/fuel gas complementary heat supply/heat storage integrated solar energy cavity receiver - Google Patents
Solar energy/fuel gas complementary heat supply/heat storage integrated solar energy cavity receiver Download PDFInfo
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- CN110500794B CN110500794B CN201910787785.4A CN201910787785A CN110500794B CN 110500794 B CN110500794 B CN 110500794B CN 201910787785 A CN201910787785 A CN 201910787785A CN 110500794 B CN110500794 B CN 110500794B
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- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 20
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002679 ablation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N alstonine Natural products C1=CC2=C3C=CC=CC3=NC2=C2N1C[C@H]1[C@H](C)OC=C(C(=O)OC)[C@H]1C2 WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
- F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
- F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L15/00—Heating of air supplied for combustion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
- F24S20/20—Solar heat collectors for receiving concentrated solar energy, e.g. receivers for solar power plants
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
- F24S60/30—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors storing heat in liquids
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S70/00—Details of absorbing elements
- F24S70/10—Details of absorbing elements characterised by the absorbing material
- F24S70/12—Details of absorbing elements characterised by the absorbing material made of metallic material
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
Abstract
The invention discloses a solar energy/fuel gas complementary heat supply/heat storage integrated solar energy cavity receiver, which comprises a cavity receiver, a preheater, a fuel supply system and a control system, wherein the cavity receiver is connected with the preheater; the cavity receiver comprises a heat absorber, a plurality of working medium flow passages are arranged in the side wall of the heat absorber, and two openings of the working medium flow passages are connected to the gas collecting pipe II and the gas collecting pipe I; the gas collecting tube I and the gas collecting tube II are respectively connected with a piston and a heat regenerator which are Stirling heat engines; the outer side of the heat absorbing body is provided with a gas combustion cavity, an electronic igniter is arranged at the gas combustion cavity, and the gas combustion cavity is respectively connected with a fuel outlet and a flue gas inlet of the preheater; the fuel inlet of the preheater is connected with the outlet of the fuel supply system, and the control system is respectively connected with the fuel supply system and the electronic igniter. The invention has simple structure, convenient operation, safety and reliability; the invention realizes the storage and reutilization of the redundant heat energy and the integration of gas heating.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of solar photo-thermal utilization, and particularly relates to a solar cavity receiver integrating solar energy/fuel gas complementary heat supply/heat storage.
Background
Solar energy is clean, environment-friendly and widely distributed renewable energy. Dish-type stirling solar thermal power generation (DCSP) is an important technology for developing and utilizing solar resources, because it has advantages of high power generation efficiency, flexible arrangement, high degree of modularization, etc., and is considered as one of important approaches for solving the problems of energy shortage and environmental pollution. The DCSP collects solar radiation energy in the cavity receiver by adopting the disc type condenser, so as to heat fluid working medium in the heat absorber in the cavity receiver, and then the Stirling heat engine and the generator set are driven to generate power by a thermodynamic cycle process.
DCSP systems are typically based on the annual average or typical number of days of the area in which the plant is to be built (simply referred to as DNI, units W/m 2 ) For the credit, a cavity receiver of the DCSP system and a heat absorber structure thereof are designed. However, when the DCSP system is operated after the power station is built, the DNI value is always greater than the credit value for a certain period of time, especially for a certain period of noon. Because the rated power of the DCSP system is fixed, the heat taken away by the heat exchange of the working medium in the metal heating pipe of the heat absorber is fixed and limited, and the excessive solar energy concentration flow density can cause the metal heating pipe to generate accidents such as ablation or melting, so that the operation safety of the DCSP system is directly influenced. When the heat absorber is overheated, the input of solar energy is usually cut off directly, so that the DCSP system is in a shutdown risk avoiding state, and normal power generation operation under the high-sunlight working condition is not really realized. If the part of redundant heat energy can be stored, the heat absorber can be reused when the heat supply of the solar energy to the heat absorber is insufficient, namely the heat absorber with the heat storage cavity is an important way for improving the economy of the disc Stirling system. In the prior art, since the metal coil type heat absorber connected with the Stirling heat engine cannot be directly designed integrally with the heat storage medium, because a closed container space cannot be formed between the metal tubes, an additional design of the heat storage tank is required, which increases the complexity and the production cost of the heat storage tank, and the use condition of the Stirling heat engine cannot be satisfied because the length of the metal heating tube is limited. In addition, the metal heating pipe is directly immersed in the heat storage medium, and heat energy is transferred to the working medium in the metal pipe after the heat storage medium is heated, but the heat transfer process is difficult to meet the energy demand response of the Stirling heat engine due to the rapid heat energy supply required by the Stirling heat engine during operation.
Moreover, the solar energy supply is unstable, and the conditions of low irradiation intensity, cloud cover, overcast and rainy weather, night and the like can not provide the required heat energy exist, so the solar energy and fuel gas complementary heat absorber is also one of important ways for improving the economic performance of the disc Stirling system. In the prior art, a burner is arranged in a cavity receiver for burning fuel to heat a metal tube heat absorber, if a quartz window is not added in the cavity receiver at the moment, the loss of burning heat is larger (due to convection, radiation loss and the like), if the quartz window is added at an opening of the cavity, the loss of burning heat can be greatly reduced, but smoke dust generated by burning can be deposited on the surface of the quartz window, the transmissivity of the quartz window is obviously reduced, and sunlight focused by a condenser cannot smoothly enter the cavity receiver to heat working media in the heat absorber. Obviously, the prior art has a certain contradiction, and further innovation is needed to solve the technical problems.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the solar cavity receiver integrated with solar energy/fuel gas complementary heat supply/storage, which has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, high light-heat conversion efficiency and safety and reliability; the working medium flow channel and the wall surface of the cavity receiver are designed and manufactured into a whole, so that solar energy is absorbed by the inner side of the wall surface of the cavity for heating the working medium and the heat storage medium, and the heat absorber is directly complemented by fuel gas combustion, and mixed fuel gas is preheated and reused by hot flue gas generated by combustion, so that the combustion efficiency and the heat energy utilization rate are improved; and the combustion in the closed space causes less heat loss, thereby improving the energy utilization rate.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a solar energy/fuel gas complementary heat supply/heat storage integrated solar energy cavity receiver comprises a cavity receiver, a preheater, a fuel supply system and a control system; the cavity receiver comprises a heat absorbing body which is of a hollow cylinder structure, a plurality of working medium flow passages are arranged in the side wall of the heat absorbing body, one opening of each working medium flow passage is connected to the gas collecting pipe II, and the other opening of each working medium flow passage is connected to the gas collecting pipe I through a connecting bent pipe; the number of the gas collecting pipes I and II is the same as that of pistons of the Stirling heat engine; the gas collecting tube I is connected with a piston which is a Stirling heat engine; the gas collecting tube II is connected with a heat regenerator of the Stirling heat engine;
the front end of the heat absorber is welded with an upper sealing plate, the rear end of the heat absorber is welded with a bottom sealing plate, and two ends of the outer sealing plate are respectively welded with the upper sealing plate and the bottom sealing plate to form an annular cavity space; the heat storage cavity sealing plates are symmetrically welded at the front end and the rear end of the side wall of the heat absorber to form two annular cavity spaces, and the two cavity spaces are filled with heat storage media; the middle part of the side wall of the heat absorber is provided with an annular air homogenizing ring pipe, the inner ring surface of the air homogenizing ring pipe is provided with a plurality of through holes, the inner hole of the air homogenizing ring pipe is communicated with a cavity gap between the outer sealing plate and the heat storage cavity sealing plate, the air homogenizing ring pipe is provided with an electronic igniter, and the ignition end of the electronic igniter is positioned in the inner hole of the air homogenizing ring pipe; the gas collecting main pipe is communicated with the gas equalizing ring pipe through a plurality of branch pipes, the gas collecting main pipe is connected with a fuel outlet of the preheater, and a fuel inlet of the preheater is connected with an outlet of the fuel supply system; a flue gas discharge pipe is arranged in a cavity gap between the outer side sealing plate and the heat storage cavity sealing plate, and the flue gas discharge pipe is connected with a flue gas inlet of the preheater; the control system is respectively connected with the fuel supply system and the electronic igniter.
In the solar cavity receiver integrating solar energy/fuel gas complementary heat supply and heat storage, the side wall of the heat absorbing body is provided with a plurality of radiating fins, and the radiating fins are positioned in an annular cavity space formed by the heat storage cavity sealing plate and the side wall of the heat absorbing body and in the inner hole of the air homogenizing ring pipe.
In the solar cavity receiver integrating solar energy/fuel gas complementary heat supply/heat storage, an annular gas collecting main pipe is arranged on the outer side of the outer sealing plate and is communicated with the gas equalizing ring pipe through a plurality of pipelines; the plurality of road pipes are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction; the gas collecting main pipe is provided with a plurality of gas inlet pipes which are connected with a fuel outlet of the preheater.
In the solar energy/fuel gas complementary heat supply/heat storage integrated solar energy cavity receiver, the fuel supply system comprises an air inflow pipe, a fuel gas inflow pipe, a gas mixing cavity and an air outlet pipe, wherein the air inflow pipe is provided with a throttle valve II and a one-way valve II, and the fuel gas inflow pipe is provided with a throttle valve I and a one-way valve I; the air inflow pipe and the gas inflow pipe are connected with the gas mixing cavity, and the gas outlet pipe is connected with the gas mixing cavity; a stop valve and a throttle valve III are arranged on the air outlet pipe; the throttle valve I, the throttle valve II and the throttle valve III are respectively connected with a control system; the air outlet pipe is connected with the fuel inlet of the preheater.
In the solar cavity receiver integrating solar energy/fuel gas complementary heat supply/heat storage, the front end face of the heat absorber is provided with the quartz window, and the quartz window is fixed through the pressing plate.
In the solar cavity receiver integrating solar energy/fuel gas complementary heat supply/heat storage, the rear end of the heat absorber is welded with a circular plate-shaped supporting plate, the supporting plate is also fixed with a reflecting cone, the outer surface of the reflecting cone is coated with a high-temperature resistant coating, and the coating has small absorptivity to sunlight.
In the solar cavity receiver integrating solar energy/fuel gas complementary heat supply/heat storage, the inner side surface of the heat absorbing body is coated with a high-temperature resistant coating, and the coating has high absorptivity to sunlight.
In the solar cavity receiver integrating solar energy/fuel gas complementary heat supply/heat storage, the section of the working medium flow passage in the heat absorbing body is round, triangular, elliptical or rectangular, and the section size of the working medium flow passage along the way is changed.
In the solar cavity receiver integrating solar energy/fuel gas complementary heat supply/heat storage, the working medium flow passage is of a spiral structure or an n-shaped structure; when the working medium flow channel is in a spiral structure, two openings of the working medium flow channel are respectively positioned at the front end and the rear end of the heat absorbing body; when the working medium flow channels are of n-shaped structures, a plurality of working medium flow channels are arranged in the side wall of the heat absorber, the working medium flow channels are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, and a single working medium flow channel starts from the rear end of the heat absorber to the front end of the heat absorber and then leads to the rear end of the heat absorber after turning.
In the solar cavity receiver integrating solar energy/fuel gas complementary heat supply/heat storage, a plurality of working medium flow passages in the heat absorber are distributed into a circular section, and a bus is of an involute geometry.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention realizes the functional integration of solar energy absorption and working medium heating of the wall surface of the cavity, even if the focusing energy flow distribution on the inner surface of the heat absorber is uneven, the temperature gradient of each area can be reduced due to the high heat conduction performance of the metal body, the temperature equalizing effect is realized, and the thermal stress and the radiation heat loss are further reduced. In addition, the heat absorber can simplify the design difficulty of the mirror surface shape of the existing solar condenser, namely the energy flow homogenization design of the smooth wall surface in the heat absorber can be easily realized; the traditional metal coil heat absorber is difficult to achieve energy flow homogenization, because one side of the inner cavity surface formed by the metal coil is always incapable of directly receiving concentrated solar energy.
2. According to the invention, the annular cavity spaces filled with the phase-change heat storage materials are additionally arranged on the outer side of the heat absorber, so that the storage of the redundant heat energy and the reutilization of the redundant heat energy are realized, and the structure is simple, safe and reliable.
3. The side wall of the heat absorber and the inner hole of the gas equalizing ring pipe form a gas heating cavity, so that the heat absorber is directly complemented with heat by gas combustion, and the mixed gas is preheated and utilized by generated hot flue gas, thereby improving the combustion efficiency; the combustion chamber is arranged outside the cavity, is not related to the inner side of the cavity for receiving the focused solar energy and the quartz window arranged at the front end of the cavity, so that the quartz window is not polluted by smoke generated by combustion, and the heat loss is very small due to combustion in the closed space, so that the energy utilization rate is improved.
4. The heat absorber is manufactured by adopting a 3D printing technology, and the surface of the working medium flow passage formed by the method has certain roughness, so that the heat exchange performance can be improved. In addition, the flow channel of the invention can be of any cross section and space geometry, and has the advantage of simple processing and manufacturing.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a top view of the cavity receiver of the present invention.
Figure 3 is an isometric view of a cavity receiver of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a cavity receiver of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a part of the cavity receiver of the present invention.
Figure 6 is an isometric view of a heat absorber of the cavity receiver of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of an involute flow path employed by the cavity receiver of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-a cavity receiver; 2-a preheater; 3-a fuel supply system; 4-a Stirling heat engine; 5-a control system; 6-a throttle valve I; 7-a one-way valve I; 8-a throttle valve II; 9-a one-way valve II; 10-a gas mixing chamber; 11-a stop valve; 12-throttle valve III; 13-a regenerator; 14-a piston; 15-a gas collecting tube I; 16-a gas collecting tube II; 17-pressing plate; 18-quartz window; 19-upper sealing plate; 20-a heat storage cavity sealing plate; 21-a fume exhaust pipe; 22-material inlet and outlet pipes; 23-an electronic igniter; 24-collecting main pipe; 25-branch pipe; 26-an air inlet pipe; 27-an outer sealing plate; 28-a bottom sealing plate; 29-a support plate; 30-a reflection cone; 31-fin heat dissipation I; 32-homogenizing ring pipe; 33-fin II; 34-working medium flow channel; 35-a heat absorber; 36-connecting bent pipe.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention includes a cavity receiver 1, a preheater 2, a fuel supply system 3, and a control system 5. The fuel supply system 3 comprises an air inflow pipe, a fuel gas inflow pipe, a gas mixing cavity and an air outlet pipe, wherein the air inflow pipe is provided with a throttle valve II8 and a one-way valve II 9, and the fuel gas inflow pipe is provided with a throttle valve I6 and a one-way valve I7; the air inflow pipe and the gas inflow pipe are connected to the gas mixing chamber, and the air and the gas are sufficiently mixed in the gas mixing chamber 10. The air outlet pipe is connected with the air mixing cavity. A stop valve 11 and a throttle valve III 12 are arranged on the air outlet pipe; the throttle valve I6, the throttle valve II and the throttle valve III 12 are respectively connected with a control system. The fuel in the gas mixing cavity 10 after being fully mixed passes through the stop valve 11 and the throttle valve III 12 and then reaches the preheater 2 for full preheating; the preheater 2 is a heat exchange device and comprises a closed box body, wherein a smoke inlet and a smoke outlet are arranged on the box body, the smoke inlet is used for enabling hot smoke generated by combustion in the cavity receiver to enter the box body, and the smoke outlet is used for discharging smoke. The metal pipeline is coiled in the box body of the preheater 2 in a serpentine manner to perform full heat exchange, the metal pipeline is used for conveying fuel, and flue gas in the box body can heat the fuel in the metal pipeline, so that the temperature of the fuel is obviously improved, and the combustion efficiency of the fuel is improved.
As shown in fig. 2-3, the cavity receiver includes a heat absorber 35, the heat absorber 35 being of a hollow cylindrical geometry, as shown in fig. 6. A plurality of working medium flow passages 34 are provided in the heat absorber 35, and the plurality of working medium flow passages 34 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction. Each working fluid flow passage 34 starts from the rear end of the heat absorber 35 to the front end of the heat absorber 35 and then turns and then leads to the rear end of the heat absorber 35 to form an n-shaped structure. One end of the working fluid flow passage 34 is connected to the gas collection tube II 16, and the other end is connected to the gas collection tube I15 through a connecting bent tube 36. The number of the gas collecting pipes I15 and the gas collecting pipes II 16 is four, and the four gas collecting pipes I15 and the four gas collecting pipes II 16 are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction respectively and are used for a four-cylinder double-acting Stirling heat engine. The number of the gas collecting pipes I15 and the gas collecting pipes II 16 is the same as that of pistons of the Stirling heat engine. As shown in fig. 1, the gas collecting tube i 15 is provided with a cylindrical cavity, and the cavity is connected with the piston 14 of the stirling heat engine to provide working medium heat energy for the piston 14 of the stirling heat engine. The gas collecting tube II 16 is connected with the heat regenerator 13 of the Stirling heat engine; thus, a circulation loop of heat acting, cooling, backheating and reheating is formed. The cross section of the working medium flow channel 34 in the heat absorbing body 35 can be various geometric shapes, such as a circle, a triangle, an ellipse, a rectangle and the like, and the cross section of the flow channel can be gradual change or abrupt change along the length direction, and the complex flow channel geometric structures can be additively manufactured by adopting a 3D printing technology; the surface of the working medium flow channel formed in the metal printing process has certain roughness, so that the effect of enhancing heat exchange can be achieved, and the heat exchange performance can be improved.
As shown in fig. 3-5, the front end surface of the heat absorber 35 is provided with a quartz window 18, and the quartz window 18 is fixed by a pressing plate 17 through screws. The quartz window 18 can remarkably reduce heat convection and heat radiation loss in the inner cavity of the heat absorber 35, and can effectively improve the photo-thermal conversion efficiency of the heat absorber 35. The heat absorbing body 35 has an upper sealing plate 19 welded to the front end and a bottom sealing plate 28 welded to the rear end, and an outer sealing plate 27 welded to the upper sealing plate 19 and the bottom sealing plate 28 to form an annular cavity space. The heat storage cavity sealing plates 20 are symmetrically welded at the front end and the rear end of the heat absorber 35, and two annular cavity spaces are formed by the heat storage cavity sealing plates 20 and the side walls of the heat absorber 35, and are filled with heat storage media such as molten salt, paraffin and the like. A plurality of radiating fins II 33 are welded on the side wall of the heat absorber 35, the radiating fins II 33 are positioned in a cavity space formed by the heat storage cavity sealing plate 20 and the side wall of the heat absorber 35, and the radiating fins II 33 are used for improving the heat transfer efficiency between the heat storage medium and the heat absorber 35. The material inlet and outlet pipe 22 penetrates through the outer side sealing plate 27 and the heat storage cavity sealing plate 20 to reach the cavity space formed by the heat storage cavity sealing plate 20 and the side wall of the heat absorber 35, and the material inlet and outlet pipe 22 is a channel for filling heat storage medium into the heat storage cavity, and the material is plugged after being filled. The annular cavities filled with the phase change heat storage materials are additionally arranged on the outer side of the heat absorber 35, so that the integration of functions such as storage and reuse of redundant heat energy is directly realized, and the structure is simple, safe and reliable. It should be noted that the diameter of the outer annular wall surface of the heat storage cavity sealing plate 20 is smaller than the annular inner diameter of the outer sealing plate 27, and a flue gas discharge pipe 21 is arranged in a cavity gap between the outer sealing plate 27 and the heat storage cavity sealing plate 20, and the flue gas discharge pipe 21 is connected with a flue gas inlet of the preheater 2.
The middle part of the heat absorber 35 is also welded with a series of heat dissipation fins I31, an annular air homogenizing ring pipe 32 is arranged at the corresponding position, and a plurality of through holes are arranged on the inner ring surface of the air homogenizing ring pipe 32 and are used for realizing uniform dispersion of fuel and heat supply by combustion. The inner hole of the gas equalizing ring pipe 32 is communicated with the cavity between the heat storage cavity sealing plate 20 and the outer sealing plate 27. The gas-equalizing ring pipe 32 is communicated with the gas collecting main pipe 24 through a plurality of branch pipes 25, the branch pipes 25 penetrate through the outer side sealing plate 27 and the outer side wall surface of the gas-equalizing ring pipe 32 and then are communicated with the gas-equalizing ring pipe 32, the plurality of branch pipes 25 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, the gas collecting main pipe 24 is of an annular structure, and the gas collecting main pipe 24 is positioned outside the outer side sealing plate 27. The gas collecting main 24 is provided with a plurality of gas inlet pipes 26, and is communicated with the gas inlet pipes 26, and the plurality of gas inlet pipes 26 are arranged in an array in the circumferential direction.
The air inlet pipes 26 are all communicated with the fuel outlet of the preheater 2, so that preheated fuel is introduced into the air homogenizing ring pipe 32 and then dispersed to the outer side wall surface of the heat absorber to perform full and uniform combustion heat supply. An electronic igniter 23 is arranged on the gas-equalizing ring pipe 32 at a position close to the radiating fins I31, and the electronic igniter 23 is connected with the control system 5. The side wall of the heat absorber 35 and the inner hole of the gas equalizing ring pipe 32 enclose a gas heating cavity, so that the heat absorber is directly complemented by gas combustion, and the generated hot flue gas preheats and utilizes the mixed gas, thereby improving the combustion efficiency. Because the gas heating cavity is arranged outside the heat absorber 35 and is not related to the inner side of the heat absorber 35 for receiving the focused solar energy and the quartz window 18 arranged at the front end of the heat absorber 35, the quartz window 18 is not polluted by the smoke generated by combustion, the heat loss of combustion in the closed space is very small, and the energy utilization rate is improved.
The rear end of the heat absorber 35 is also welded with a circular plate-shaped support plate 29, thereby forming a cylindrical cavity with one end transmitting light with the heat absorber. The supporting plate 29 is also fixed with a reflecting cone 30, and the outer surface of the reflecting cone 30 is coated with a high-temperature-resistant coating with high reflectivity for sunlight, so that the sunlight at the rear end is reflected to the cylindrical side wall surface of the heat absorber 35 again. The inner cylindrical side wall surface of the heat absorber 35 is coated with a high-temperature-resistant coating with high absorptivity to sunlight.
As shown in FIG. 1, the control system 5 is connected with the throttle valve I6, the throttle valve II8, the throttle valve III 12 and the electronic igniter 23, so that accurate control of the throttle valve I6, the throttle valve II8, the throttle valve III 12 and the electronic igniter 23 is realized.
The heat absorber 35 may also have a conical structure, a spherical structure or other complex structures, the working fluid channels 34 are of a space complex curve structure, as shown in fig. 7, the plurality of working fluid channels 34 in the heat absorber 35 are arranged to have a circular cross section, and the bus is of a space involute geometry structure, so that the side wall of the whole heat absorber 35 can be covered by the largest area of the working fluid channels. The working fluid flow channel 34 of the heat absorbing body 35 can also be in a spiral structure, and when the working fluid flow channel 34 is in a spiral structure, two openings of the working fluid flow channel 34 are respectively positioned at the front end and the rear end of the heat absorbing body 35; the cold working medium enters from one end and then flows out of the hot working medium from the other end after being heated by the heat absorber 35, and then is utilized later.
Claims (8)
1. A solar energy/fuel gas complementary heat supply/heat storage integrated solar energy cavity receiver comprises a cavity receiver, a preheater, a fuel supply system and a control system; the method is characterized in that: the cavity receiver comprises a heat absorbing body which is of a hollow cylinder structure, a plurality of working medium flow passages are arranged in the side wall of the heat absorbing body, one opening of each working medium flow passage is connected to the gas collecting pipe II, and the other opening of each working medium flow passage is connected to the gas collecting pipe I through a connecting bent pipe; the number of the gas collecting pipes I and II is the same as that of pistons of the Stirling heat engine; the gas collecting tube I is connected with a piston of the Stirling heat engine; the gas collecting tube II is connected with a heat regenerator of the Stirling heat engine;
the front end of the heat absorber is welded with an upper sealing plate, the rear end of the heat absorber is welded with a bottom sealing plate, and two ends of the outer sealing plate are respectively welded with the upper sealing plate and the bottom sealing plate to form an annular cavity space; the heat storage cavity sealing plates are symmetrically welded at the front end and the rear end of the side wall of the heat absorber to form two annular cavity spaces, and the two cavity spaces are filled with heat storage media; the middle part of the side wall of the heat absorber is provided with an annular air homogenizing ring pipe, the inner ring surface of the air homogenizing ring pipe is provided with a plurality of through holes, the inner hole of the air homogenizing ring pipe is communicated with a cavity gap between the outer sealing plate and the heat storage cavity sealing plate, the air homogenizing ring pipe is provided with an electronic igniter, and the ignition end of the electronic igniter is positioned in the inner hole of the air homogenizing ring pipe; the gas collecting main pipe is communicated with the gas equalizing ring pipe through a plurality of branch pipes, the gas collecting main pipe is connected with a fuel outlet of the preheater, and a fuel inlet of the preheater is connected with an outlet of the fuel supply system; a flue gas discharge pipe is arranged in a cavity gap between the outer side sealing plate and the heat storage cavity sealing plate, and the flue gas discharge pipe is connected with a flue gas inlet of the preheater; the control system is respectively connected with the fuel supply system and the electronic igniter;
an annular gas collecting main pipe is arranged at the outer side of the outer sealing plate and is communicated with the gas equalizing ring pipe through a plurality of path pipes; the plurality of road pipes are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction; the gas collecting main pipe is provided with a plurality of gas inlet pipes which are connected with a fuel outlet of the preheater;
the fuel supply system comprises an air inflow pipe, a fuel gas inflow pipe, a gas mixing cavity and an air outlet pipe, wherein the air inflow pipe is provided with a throttle valve II and a one-way valve II, and the fuel gas inflow pipe is provided with a throttle valve I and a one-way valve I; the air inflow pipe and the gas inflow pipe are connected with the gas mixing cavity, and the gas outlet pipe is connected with the gas mixing cavity; a stop valve and a throttle valve III are arranged on the air outlet pipe; the throttle valve I, the throttle valve II and the throttle valve III are respectively connected with a control system; the air outlet pipe is connected with the fuel inlet of the preheater.
2. The solar/gas complementary heat supply/storage integrated solar cavity receiver of claim 1, characterized by: the side wall of the heat absorber is provided with a plurality of radiating fins, and the radiating fins are positioned in an annular cavity clearance space formed by the heat storage cavity sealing plate and the side wall of the heat absorber and in an inner hole of the air homogenizing ring pipe.
3. The solar/gas complementary heat supply/storage integrated solar cavity receiver of claim 1, characterized by: the front end face of the heat absorber is provided with a quartz window which is fixed through a pressing plate.
4. A solar/gas complementary heat supply/storage integrated solar cavity receiver according to claim 3, characterized by: the rear end of the heat absorber is welded with a circular plate-shaped supporting plate, a reflecting cone is also fixed on the supporting plate, the outer surface of the reflecting cone is coated with a high-temperature resistant coating, and the coating has small absorptivity to sunlight.
5. The solar/gas complementary heat supply/storage integrated solar cavity receiver of claim 1, characterized by: the inner side surface of the heat absorber is coated with a high-temperature resistant coating, and the coating has high absorptivity to sunlight.
6. The solar/gas complementary heat supply/storage integrated solar cavity receiver of claim 1, characterized by: the section of the working medium flow passage in the heat absorbing body is round, triangular, elliptical or rectangular, and the section size of the working medium flow passage along the journey is changed.
7. The solar/gas complementary heat supply/storage integrated solar cavity receiver of claim 1, characterized by: the working medium flow passage is of a spiral structure or an n-shaped structure; when the working medium flow channel is in a spiral structure, two openings of the working medium flow channel are respectively positioned at the front end and the rear end of the heat absorbing body; when the working medium flow channels are of n-shaped structures, a plurality of working medium flow channels are arranged in the side wall of the heat absorber, the working medium flow channels are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, and a single working medium flow channel starts from the rear end of the heat absorber to the front end of the heat absorber and then leads to the rear end of the heat absorber after turning.
8. The solar/gas complementary heat supply/storage integrated solar cavity receiver of claim 1, characterized by: the working medium flow passages in the heat absorber body are distributed into a circular section, and the bus is of an involute geometry structure.
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| US4602614A (en) * | 1983-11-30 | 1986-07-29 | United Stirling, Inc. | Hybrid solar/combustion powered receiver |
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| US4602614A (en) * | 1983-11-30 | 1986-07-29 | United Stirling, Inc. | Hybrid solar/combustion powered receiver |
| CN2597893Y (en) * | 2002-12-23 | 2004-01-07 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Solar energy-gas mixed heat absorber |
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