CN110496700B - Method for recovering gold from high-arsenic gold-dressing tailings and application thereof - Google Patents
Method for recovering gold from high-arsenic gold-dressing tailings and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B9/00—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
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- B03D1/00—Flotation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for recovering gold from high-arsenic gold tailings, which comprises the following steps: (1) magnetic separation; (2) magnetic tailings flotation; (3) roughing sulfur tailings; (4) carrying out sulfur roughing foam blank concentration; (5) and (5) performing strong magnetic separation on the arsenic concentrate. The invention has the advantages that the invention adopts the process flow combining the step-by-step magnetic separation and the step-by-step flotation, and particularly adopts the strong magnetic separation with the magnetic field intensity as high as 8000Gs-8500Gs for the arsenic concentrate, thereby solving the problems of low gold-containing grade of the arsenic mineral obtained by the gold tailings separation in the traditional process and difficult gold enrichment in the subsequent operation, and obviously improving the grade of the gold in the arsenic mineral. The invention has important significance for improving the economic benefit and the social benefit of enterprises.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of gold ore dressing, in particular to a method for recovering gold from high-arsenic gold dressing tailings and application thereof.
Background
Along with the large-scale exploitation of gold ores, the reserves of single gold ores which are easy to process are continuously reduced, and the proportion of gold ores which contain arsenic and are difficult to process is increased. Meanwhile, the demand of China for rare metal resources is continuously increased, so that gold ores with complex components, particularly gold tailings which are not completely selected, are more deeply explored and become necessary requirements of the current situation.
The correlation coefficient of gold and arsenic can reach 0.9794 (alpha =0.05, gamma = 0.5140). Arsenic mainly comes from arsenopyrite, so that places with arsenic must have gold, arsenic minerals mainly comprising arsenopyrite are easy to observe by naked eyes, and gold cannot be seen by naked eyes, so that arsenopyrite often becomes a direct mark for prospecting deep gold deposits.
The gold in the arsenic-bearing mineral is present primarily in the form of invisible gold in the originally growing lattice of the arsenic mineral. In gold deposits, arsenopyrite and pyrite tend to have similar structures, including the presence of gold in the original growth stage, and the formation of altered zones with visible gold in the later mineralization stage. The altered zones are characterized by high arsenic, with the later-formed gold distributed along the crevices or between the arsenopyrite and pyrite particles.
The difficulty in processing arsenic-containing gold ore is mainly that gold minerals, arsenic-containing minerals (mainly arsenopyrite) and pyrite are closely distributed in a micro-particle shape, and are often wrapped in arsenopyrite and pyrite or exist among single crystals of arsenopyrite and pyrite, so that the difficulty in sorting gold is increased. In addition, Auger spectroscopy research also shows that [ Fe, S ] exists in arsenopyrite]And [ As, S ], wherein [ Fe, S ]]With the surface of pyrite [ Fe, S2]Very similarly, this also makes it difficult to separate pyrite from arsenopyrite.
The non-ferrous copper mine is mainly characterized in that 1000 tons of raw ores are processed in a certain mine day, and the main useful minerals of gold dressing tailings mainly comprise pyrite, pyrrhotite, magnetite and arsenopyrite, wherein the pyrrhotite mainly exists in a monoclinic system (with stronger magnetism) and a hexagonal system. The current operation method of gold tailings is shown in fig. 1: and (3) obtaining a first sulfur concentrate from gold tailings by adopting a first rough-scanning flotation method, continuously carrying out arsenic rough separation on scavenged tailings, discarding tailings, and carrying out magnetic separation on arsenic concentrates with the magnetic field intensity of 3000Gs to obtain a second sulfur concentrate and arsenic gold concentrates. The arsenic gold concentrate has low gold grade and low added value, causes huge resource waste and seriously influences the economic benefit of enterprises.
The Chinese patent publication No. CN109158216A discloses a high-efficiency flotation process for refractory gold ores with high arsenic and high carbon, which comprises the following steps: 1) flash flotation process; 2) a preferential flotation process; 3) a branch flotation process; 4) a mixed concentrate recleaning process; also, for example, chinese patent publication No. CN101709385B discloses a method for gold separation from gold-bearing high-arsenic tailings, comprising screening the gold-bearing high-arsenic tailings, grinding the tailings to 200 mesh or less, blending the tailings into ore slurry with a certain concentration, sequentially adding sulfite, H2SO4, and sulfate, pre-soaking, stirring, and activating for a certain period of time, sequentially adding CaO, butyl yellow, and butylammonium black chemicals, feeding the ore slurry into a flotation tank, adding No. 2 oil, and performing rough separation and fine separation to obtain gold concentrate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that the arsenic gold concentrate obtained by the existing gold tailings separation operation method has low gold grade, so that the method for recovering gold from the high-arsenic gold tailings without changing the existing process flow is provided.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the method for recovering gold from the high-arsenic gold separation tailings comprises the following steps: (1) and magnetic separation: adjusting the concentration of the gold separation tailings to 25% -30%, sending the gold separation tailings into a magnetic separator, and carrying out magnetic separation under the magnetic field intensity of 3500Gs-4000Gs to obtain magnetic concentrate and magnetic separation tailings, wherein the magnetic concentrate comprises magnetite and strong-magnetic pyrrhotite, the strong-magnetic pyrrhotite is monoclinic pyrrhotite, the magnetic separation tailings comprise weak-magnetic pyrrhotite, pyrite and arsenopyrite, and the weak-magnetic pyrrhotite is hexagonal pyrrhotite; (2) magnetic tailing flotation: adjusting the concentration of the magnetic concentrate to 30% -35%, placing the magnetic concentrate into a stirring barrel, introducing air to enable the surface of the mineral to be naturally oxidized, inflating and stirring for 8-10 min, and then sending the mineral to a flotation machine for flotation; adding 80g/t of collecting agent and 40g/t of foaming agent, stirring for 2-3 min, and then performing flotation for 5-8 min to obtain flotation sulfur concentrate and flotation sulfur tailings, wherein the flotation sulfur concentrate is pyrite, and the flotation sulfur tailings comprise hexagonal pyrrhotite and arsenopyrite; (3) and roughing sulfur tailings: adjusting the concentration of the flotation sulfur tailings to 25% -30%, adding 20g/t of copper sulfate, stirring for 3min-5min, adding 20g/t of collecting agent and foaming agent respectively, stirring for 2min-3min, and performing flotation for 4min-6min to obtain roughing foam and roughing tailings, and discarding the roughing tailings; (4) and sulfur roughing foam blank concentration: feeding the roughing foam into a flotation machine, performing flotation for 3min-4min to obtain concentrated foam and concentrated tailings, wherein the concentrated foam is arsenic concentrate comprising arsenopyrite and hexaferrite, and the concentrated tailings are discarded; (5) and arsenic concentrate strong magnetic separation: adjusting the concentration of arsenic concentrate to 25% -30%, sending the arsenic concentrate into a magnetic separator for magnetic separation under the magnetic field intensity of 8000-8500 Gs, obtaining magnetic separation concentrate and magnetic separation tailings, wherein the magnetic separation concentrate is hexagonal pyrrhotite, the magnetic separation tailings are arsenic gold concentrate, and arsenopyrite is taken as the main component.
In the scheme, the collecting agent is sodium butyl xanthate, and the foaming agent is pine oil.
Use of a process for the recovery of gold from high arsenic gold tailings for the treatment of gold tailings comprising pyrite, pyrrhotite, magnetite and arsenopyrite.
The invention has the beneficial effects of solving the technical problems that when the arsenic content in the gold dressing tailings is too high, the micro-fine gold in the arsenic minerals is difficult to recover, certain recovery rate cannot be ensured, high-grade arsenic gold concentrate can be obtained, and the arsenic gold concentrate is lost in the tailings. The invention has important significance for improving the economic benefit and the social benefit of enterprises. The invention has the advantages that:
(1) according to the property difference of magnetite, monoclinic pyrrhotite, pyrite, hexagonal pyrrhotite and arsenopyrite in the gold ore tailings, the process flow combining step-by-step magnetic separation and step-by-step flotation is adopted, so that the mutual influence of different minerals on the sorting operation is eliminated, and the technical problem of low gold grade in the arsenic minerals is solved.
(2) In the stirring and flotation processes, the hexagonal pyrrhotite is easy to oxidize, a large amount of oxygen in the ore pulp is consumed, and the interaction between sulfide ores such as the pyrrhotite and the collecting agent is seriously influenced. The pre-aeration is adopted before the magnetic tailing flotation, so that the surface of the mineral is naturally oxidized, and the oxygen consumption caused by the oxidation of the hexagonal pyrrhotite can be effectively reduced, thereby eliminating the influence on the pyrite flotation.
(3) And for arsenic concentrate which takes arsenopyrite and hexagonal pyrrhotite as main minerals, the strong magnetic field intensity of 8000-8500 Gs is adopted to effectively separate the arsenopyrite and the arsenopyrite, so that the gold grade in the arsenopyrite is obviously improved, and the effective enrichment of gold in the high-arsenic gold-dressing tailings is realized.
The invention has strong guiding significance and reference value for improving the gold grade in the high-arsenic gold tailings, and has important significance for improving the economic benefit and the social benefit of enterprises.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the existing high-arsenic gold tailings separation process.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described below by combining the embodiment. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments based on the embodiments in the present invention, without any inventive work, will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following description.
Example 1: the method for recovering gold from the high-arsenic gold separation tailings comprises the following steps:
(1) magnetic separation: adjusting the concentration of the gold concentration tailings to 25%, sending the gold concentration tailings into a magnetic separator, and carrying out magnetic separation under the magnetic field strength of 3500Gs to obtain magnetic concentrate and magnetic separation tailings, wherein the magnetic concentrate comprises magnetite and strong-magnetism pyrrhotite, the strong-magnetism pyrrhotite is monoclinic pyrrhotite, the magnetic separation tailings comprise weak-magnetism pyrrhotite, pyrite and arsenopyrite, and the weak-magnetism pyrrhotite is hexagonal pyrrhotite;
(2) magnetic tailings flotation: adjusting the concentration of the magnetic concentrate to 30%, placing the magnetic concentrate into a stirring barrel, introducing air to enable the surface of the mineral to be naturally oxidized, inflating and stirring for 8min, and then sending the mineral to a flotation machine for flotation; adding 80g/t of collecting agent and 40g/t of foaming agent, stirring for 2min, and then performing flotation for 5min to obtain flotation sulfur concentrate and flotation sulfur tailings, wherein the flotation sulfur concentrate is pyrite, and the flotation sulfur tailings comprise hexapyrrhotite and arsenopyrite;
(3) roughing sulfur tailings: adjusting the concentration of the flotation sulfur tailings to 25%, adding 20g/t of copper sulfate, stirring for 3min, adding 20g/t of collecting agent and foaming agent respectively, stirring for 2min, and floating for 4min to obtain roughing foam and roughing tailings, and discarding the roughing tailings;
(4) sulfur roughing foam blank concentration: feeding the roughing foam into a flotation machine, performing flotation for 3min to obtain fine foam and fine tailings, wherein the fine foam is arsenic concentrate comprising arsenopyrite and hexaferrite, and the fine tailings are discarded;
(5) arsenic concentrate high-intensity magnetic separation: adjusting the concentration of arsenic concentrate to 25%, sending the arsenic concentrate into a magnetic separator for magnetic separation under the magnetic field intensity of 8000Gs, obtaining magnetic separation concentrate and magnetic separation tailings, wherein the magnetic separation concentrate is hexagonal pyrrhotite, and the magnetic separation tailings are arsenic gold concentrate, and arsenopyrite is taken as the main component.
Example 2: the method for recovering gold from the high-arsenic gold separation tailings comprises the following steps:
(1) magnetic separation: adjusting the concentration of the gold concentration tailings to 28%, sending the gold concentration tailings into a magnetic separator, and carrying out magnetic separation under the magnetic field strength of 3800Gs to obtain magnetic concentrate and magnetic separation tailings, wherein the magnetic concentrate comprises magnetite and strong-magnetism pyrrhotite, the strong-magnetism pyrrhotite is monoclinic pyrrhotite, the magnetic separation tailings comprise weak-magnetism pyrrhotite, pyrite and arsenopyrite, and the weak-magnetism pyrrhotite is hexagonal pyrrhotite;
(2) magnetic tailings flotation: adjusting the concentration of the magnetic concentrate to 33%, putting the magnetic concentrate into a stirring barrel, introducing air to enable the surface of the mineral to be naturally oxidized, inflating and stirring for 9min, and then feeding the mineral into a flotation machine for flotation; adding 80g/t of collecting agent and 40g/t of foaming agent, stirring for 2.5min, and then performing flotation for 6min to obtain flotation sulfur concentrate and flotation sulfur tailings, wherein the flotation sulfur concentrate is pyrite, and the flotation sulfur tailings comprise hexapyrrhotite and arsenopyrite;
(3) roughing sulfur tailings: adjusting the concentration of the flotation sulfur tailings to 28%, adding 20g/t of copper sulfate, stirring for 4min, adding 20g/t of collecting agent and foaming agent respectively, stirring for 2.5min, and performing flotation for 5min to obtain roughing foam and roughing tailings, and discarding the roughing tailings;
(4) sulfur roughing foam blank concentration: feeding the roughing foam into a flotation machine, performing flotation for 3.5min to obtain concentrated foam and concentrated tailings, wherein the concentrated foam is arsenic concentrate comprising arsenopyrite and hexaferrite, and the concentrated tailings are discarded;
(5) arsenic concentrate high-intensity magnetic separation: adjusting the concentration of the arsenic concentrate to 28%, sending the arsenic concentrate into a magnetic separator for magnetic separation under the magnetic field strength of 8300Gs, and obtaining magnetic separation concentrate and magnetic separation tailings, wherein the magnetic separation concentrate is hexagonal pyrrhotite, and the magnetic separation tailings are arsenic gold concentrate, and arsenopyrite is taken as a main component.
Example 3: the method for recovering gold from the high-arsenic gold separation tailings comprises the following steps:
(1) magnetic separation: adjusting the concentration of the gold concentration tailings to 30%, sending the gold concentration tailings into a magnetic separator, and carrying out magnetic separation under the magnetic field intensity of 4000Gs to obtain magnetic concentrate and magnetic separation tailings, wherein the magnetic concentrate comprises magnetite and strong-magnetism pyrrhotite, the strong-magnetism pyrrhotite is monoclinic pyrrhotite, the magnetic separation tailings comprise weak-magnetism pyrrhotite, pyrite and arsenopyrite, and the weak-magnetism pyrrhotite is hexagonal pyrrhotite;
(2) magnetic tailings flotation: adjusting the concentration of the magnetic concentrate to 35%, placing the magnetic concentrate into a stirring barrel, introducing air to enable the surface of the mineral to be naturally oxidized, inflating and stirring for 10min, and then sending the mineral to a flotation machine for flotation; adding 80g/t of collecting agent and 40g/t of foaming agent, stirring for 3min, and then performing flotation for 8min to obtain flotation sulfur concentrate and flotation sulfur tailings, wherein the flotation sulfur concentrate is pyrite, and the flotation sulfur tailings comprise hexapyrrhotite and arsenopyrite;
(3) roughing sulfur tailings: adjusting the concentration of the flotation sulfur tailings to 30%, adding 20g/t of copper sulfate, stirring for 5min, adding 20g/t of collecting agent and foaming agent respectively, stirring for 3min, and performing flotation for 6min to obtain roughing foam and roughing tailings, and discarding the roughing tailings;
(4) sulfur roughing foam blank concentration: feeding the roughing foam into a flotation machine, performing flotation for 4min to obtain fine foam and fine tailings, wherein the fine foam is arsenic concentrate comprising arsenopyrite and hexaferrite, and the fine tailings are discarded;
(5) arsenic concentrate high-intensity magnetic separation: adjusting the concentration of the arsenic concentrate to 30%, sending the arsenic concentrate into a magnetic separator for magnetic separation under 8500Gs magnetic field strength to obtain magnetic separation concentrate and magnetic separation tailings, wherein the magnetic separation concentrate is hexagonal pyrrhotite, and the magnetic separation tailings are arsenic gold concentrate, and arsenopyrite is taken as a main component.
The invention aims at the high-arsenic gold separation tailings, and adopts a method combining step-by-step magnetic separation and step-by-step flotation according to the property difference of magnetite, monoclinic pyrrhotite, pyrite, hexagonal pyrrhotite and arsenopyrite contained in the tailings, namely, the magnetite and the monoclinic pyrrhotite with stronger property are preferentially recovered by magnetic separation to obtain the magnetic tailings, the pyrrhotite is recovered by the magnetic tailings by the flotation method, the flotation tailings are further subjected to flotation to obtain arsenopyrite and hexagonal pyrrhotite, then the strong magnetic separation with the magnetic field intensity reaching 8000Gs-8500Gs is adopted to effectively separate the arsenopyrite and the hexagonal pyrrhotite, and the grade of gold in the arsenopyrite is greatly improved.
The arsenic gold concentrate grade and arsenic gold concentrate recovery of the prior art were compared to the 3 examples of the invention, with the comparative data as follows:
note: the arsenic concentrate recovery rate and the arsenic gold concentrate recovery rate are both relative to gold tailings;
the grade unit of Au is g/t.
As can be seen from the above table, through numerous experiments, the arsenic gold concentrate produced by the invention is an arsenic mineral containing gold, and compared with the arsenic gold concentrate in the traditional process, the gold grade is greatly improved to more than 15% through the magnetic field intensity of 8000Gs-8500Gs on the basis of ensuring the gold recovery rate. Therefore, the invention solves the problems that the arsenic mineral obtained from the gold dressing tailings in the traditional process has low gold grade and the gold mineral is difficult to enrich in the subsequent operation, and obtains the arsenic mineral containing high-grade gold.
In order to verify that the magnetic field intensity range 8000Gs-8500Gs in the arsenic concentrate strong magnetic separation is the optimal range, for example 2, under the condition that the conditions from step (1) to step (4) are not changed, example 4 and example 5 are carried out, the magnetic field intensity of the arsenic concentrate strong magnetic separation respectively corresponds to 6000Gs and 10000Gs, and the comparison data is shown in the following table:
note: the arsenic concentrate recovery rate and the arsenic gold concentrate recovery rate are both relative to gold tailings;
the grade unit of Au is g/t.
As can be seen from the above table, when the magnetic field strength of the arsenic concentrate magnetic separation is reduced to 6000Gs, the recovery rate of the arsenic gold concentrate is slightly improved compared with that of the second embodiment, but the grade of the arsenic gold concentrate is obviously reduced by 3.63 percentage points, and it is supposed that part of the hexagonal pyrrhotite is not separated from the arsenopyrite and is stored in the magnetic separation tailings due to the reduction of the magnetic field strength; when the magnetic field intensity of the arsenic concentrate magnetic separation is increased to 10000Gs, the grade of the arsenic gold concentrate is basically kept unchanged compared with that of the second embodiment, but the recovery rate of the arsenic gold concentrate is reduced by 3.43 percent, and the recovery rate of gold is obviously reduced because part of the gold-containing arsenic minerals are mixed in the magnetic concentrate due to overhigh magnetic field intensity. Therefore, the magnetic field intensity of the arsenic concentrate strong magnetic separation is set to be 8000Gs-8500Gs, which is the optimal range. This was unexpected and could not be predicted before the corresponding experiments were performed.
Claims (3)
1. The method for recovering gold from the high-arsenic gold-dressing tailings is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) and magnetic separation: adjusting the concentration of the gold separation tailings to 25% -30%, sending the gold separation tailings into a magnetic separator, and carrying out magnetic separation under the magnetic field intensity of 3500Gs-4000Gs to obtain magnetic concentrate and magnetic separation tailings, wherein the magnetic concentrate comprises magnetite and strong-magnetic pyrrhotite, the strong-magnetic pyrrhotite is monoclinic pyrrhotite, the magnetic separation tailings comprise weak-magnetic pyrrhotite, pyrite and arsenopyrite, and the weak-magnetic pyrrhotite is hexagonal pyrrhotite; (2) magnetic tailing flotation: adjusting the concentration of the magnetic concentrate to 30% -35%, placing the magnetic concentrate into a stirring barrel, introducing air to enable the surface of the mineral to be naturally oxidized, inflating and stirring for 8-10 min, and then sending the mineral to a flotation machine for flotation; adding 80g/t of collecting agent and 40g/t of foaming agent, stirring for 2-3 min, and then performing flotation for 5-8 min to obtain flotation sulfur concentrate and flotation sulfur tailings, wherein the flotation sulfur concentrate is pyrite, and the flotation sulfur tailings comprise hexagonal pyrrhotite and arsenopyrite; (3) and roughing sulfur tailings: adjusting the concentration of the flotation sulfur tailings to 25% -30%, adding 20g/t of copper sulfate, stirring for 3min-5min, adding 20g/t of collecting agent and foaming agent respectively, stirring for 2min-3min, and performing flotation for 4min-6min to obtain roughing foam and roughing tailings, and discarding the roughing tailings; (4) and sulfur roughing foam blank concentration: feeding the roughing foam into a flotation machine, performing flotation for 3min-4min to obtain concentrated foam and concentrated tailings, wherein the concentrated foam is arsenic concentrate comprising arsenopyrite and hexaferrite, and the concentrated tailings are discarded; (5) and arsenic concentrate strong magnetic separation: adjusting the concentration of arsenic concentrate to 25% -30%, sending the arsenic concentrate into a magnetic separator for magnetic separation under the magnetic field intensity of 8000-8500 Gs, obtaining magnetic separation concentrate and magnetic separation tailings, wherein the magnetic separation concentrate is hexagonal pyrrhotite, the magnetic separation tailings are arsenic gold concentrate, and arsenopyrite is taken as the main component.
2. The method for recovering gold from high-arsenic gold tailings as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the collecting agent is butyl sodium xanthate, and the foaming agent is pine oil.
3. The use of the method as claimed in claim 1 or 2 for recovering gold from high arsenic gold tailings, characterized by: it is used for treating gold tailings containing pyrite, pyrrhotite, magnetite and arsenopyrite.
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