CN110495948B

CN110495948B - Medical bipolar electric coagulation forceps and manufacturing method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN110495948B
Application number: CN201910768136.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘嘉斌
Original assignee: Zhejiang University ZJU
Current assignee: Zhejiang University ZJU
Priority date: 2019-08-20
Filing date: 2019-08-20
Publication date: 2021-02-09
Anticipated expiration: 2039-08-20
Also published as: CN110495948A

Abstract

A method of manufacturing bipolar coagulation forceps, the method comprising the operations of: respectively manufacturing a forceps tip and a forceps handle, wherein the forceps tip is made of copper-based alloy and/or gold-based alloy and/or silver-based alloy, and the forceps handle is made of iron-based, copper-based, nickel-based or titanium-based material; polishing the tip of the forceps, wherein the surface roughness of the tip of the forceps is less than or equal to 3.2 microns; the forceps handle is provided with an electrode seat and a lead, and the lead is electrically connected with the forceps handle or the lead is electrically connected with the forceps tip; splicing and fixing the forceps tip and the forceps handles together to form a complete forceps valve, attaching an insulating layer outside the two forceps handles, and exposing the electrode holder out of the insulating layer; either electrode holder can be used as a positive electrode or a negative electrode. The invention has the advantage that the forceps tip can achieve good biological tissue adhesion resistance only by depending on the self performance.

Description

Medical bipolar electric coagulation forceps and manufacturing method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to medical bipolar electric coagulation forceps and a manufacturing method thereof.

Background

Bipolar electrocoagulation was used as early as 1940, and in 1966 bipolar electrocoagulation was applied in microsurgery for discharging coagulation to microvessels. The bipolar electric coagulation forceps consists of a double-petal forceps body and an electrode holder. The forceps tips of the double-petal forceps bodies are respectively connected with the electrode holders, the electrode holders are provided with high-frequency input plugs, and the plugs are connected with the electrocoagulator host machine. When the electric coagulation forceps work, the forceps tips clamp a blood vessel, the electric coagulator releases current, a closed loop is formed between the two forceps tips, high-frequency electric energy is provided for the blood vessel, and the blood vessel positioned between the two forceps tips is dehydrated, denatured and coagulated. And current only flows between the two forceps tips, so that other parts cannot be damaged, and the forceps is very suitable for various microsurgery operations.

The electric conduction performance and the heat conduction performance of the forceps tips are very critical due to the fact that discharging is carried out at the forceps tip portions of the electric coagulation forceps, the existing electric coagulation forceps need to meet the requirements of the holding portion on supporting performance and elasticity in order to guarantee the heat conduction performance and the electric conduction performance of the tip portions, and therefore the forceps valves are all made of metal and mainly made of materials such as stainless steel, brass, titanium alloy and the like. And after the left and right tweezers flaps are formed, spraying insulating resin. In the conventional electric coagulation forceps, clamped tissues can adhere to the forceps tips in the coagulation process of a surgical operation, and when the forceps tips are removed, the freshly coagulated tissues can be damaged again. Moreover, the tissue adhered to the forceps tip can change the surface characteristics of the forceps tip, and influence the subsequent discharge and operation. The doctor needs to interrupt the operation and can continue the operation only by removing the adhesion of the biological tissues on the surfaces of the forceps tips.

Some electric coagulation forceps overcome the problem of adhesion of biological tissues by arranging a water channel inside any flap of a double-flap forceps body along the direction of the forceps body. The water outlet at the front end of the water channel is positioned at the conductive working tip of the end head of the valve forceps body, and the water inlet at the rear end of the water channel is led out from the wall of the valve forceps body and is hermetically connected to the water delivery conduit. Because the water channel formed by the water delivery conduit is embedded in the forceps body of the bipolar electric coagulation forceps, and the water outlet of the water delivery conduit is close to the head of the bipolar electric coagulation forceps, when the bipolar electric coagulation forceps carry out electric coagulation hemostasis in a surgical operation, sterile normal saline can slowly and continuously flow to the head of the bipolar electric coagulation forceps through the water delivery conduit to dissipate heat and inhibit adhesion. However, the water channel concept significantly increases the complexity of the forceps structure, and both the manufacturing process cost and the maintenance use are higher than those of the conventional bipolar electric coagulation forceps.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide the bipolar coagulation forceps which can achieve good biological tissue adhesion resistance by selecting the material of the forceps tips and carrying out surface treatment on the forceps tips so that the forceps tips can achieve good biological tissue adhesion resistance only by self performance, and other cooling structures are not needed to be attached to the bipolar coagulation forceps.

In a first aspect of the invention, a structure of bipolar coagulation forceps is provided.

The bipolar electric coagulation forceps comprise a pair of forceps valves, each forceps valve is provided with an electrode holder, forceps tips are conductors, and the forceps tips are electrically connected with the electrode holders; the method is characterized in that: the micro Vickers hardness of the forceps tips is 100-200 HV 0.1; the thermal conductivity is more than or equal to 240W/m.K, and the electric conductivity is more than or equal to 60 percent IACS. Preferably, the elastic limit is 0.2% or more. Preferably, the surface roughness of the forceps tip is less than or equal to 3.2 mu m.

The egg white test shows that under the same conditions of micro Vickers hardness, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity and elasticity limit, when the surface roughness of the forceps tip is more than 3.2 mu m, protein is very easy to remain on the forceps tip, and the use requirement of the electric coagulation forceps is not met.

Preferably, the forceps tip is made of copper-based alloy, silver-based alloy or gold-based alloy.

Preferably, the forceps valve comprises a forceps tip and a forceps handle which are fixedly connected, an insulating layer is wrapped on the surface of the forceps handle, and the length of the forceps tip is 2-20 mm; the length of the forceps handle is 100-300 mm.

The combination mode of the forceps tip and the forceps handle is refined as follows: the forceps tip and the forceps handle are fixed by welding, such as pressure resistance welding; or the forceps tip and the forceps handle are in interference fit through a tooth socket structure; or, a hole is arranged on the forceps tip, a bulge is arranged on the forceps handle, and the bulge is matched with the hole; or the forceps handle is provided with a hole, the forceps tip is provided with a bulge, and the bulge is matched with the hole.

Preferably, the elastic modulus of the forceps handle is more than or equal to 100GPa, the micro Vickers hardness is 200-300 HV0.1, and the yield strength is more than or equal to 300 MPa. Preferably, the conductivity is 1% to 50% IACS. Preferably, the insulating strength of the insulating layer is more than or equal to 5 kV.

The forceps valve consists of two parts of a forceps tip and a forceps handle, the forceps tip which is directly contacted with tissues adopts inert metal with high electrical conductivity and high thermal conductivity, and the forceps handle only provides rigidity and transmits current from the electrode holder to the forceps tip.

Or the forceps tip and the forceps handle are integrated and made of the same material.

In a second aspect of the invention, a batch manufacturing method for manufacturing the bipolar coagulation forceps is provided.

A method of manufacturing bipolar coagulation forceps comprising the operations of: respectively manufacturing a forceps tip and a forceps handle, wherein the forceps tip is made of copper-based alloy and/or gold-based alloy and/or silver-based alloy, and the forceps handle is made of iron-based, copper-based, nickel-based or titanium-based material; polishing the tip of the forceps, wherein the surface roughness of the tip of the forceps is less than or equal to 3.2 microns; the forceps handle is provided with an electrode seat and a lead, and the lead is electrically connected with the forceps handle or the lead is electrically connected with the forceps tip; splicing and fixing the forceps tip and the forceps handles together to form a complete forceps valve, attaching an insulating layer outside the two forceps handles, and exposing the electrode holder out of the insulating layer; either electrode holder can be used as a positive electrode or a negative electrode. That is, the electrode holders have no difference between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and when one electrode holder is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply, the other electrode holder is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply, and vice versa. As long as the positive and negative electrodes of the power supply are simultaneously connected with the two forceps flaps.

Preferably, the step of manufacturing the forceps tip comprises:

1.1, melting a forceps tip raw material, and casting the molten forceps tip raw material in a water-cooling copper mold to obtain a forceps tip casting blank;

1.2, rolling the casting blank with the sharp tweezers into a strip-shaped plate, wherein the rolling reduction is more than or equal to 60%;

1.3, cutting the forceps tips on the strip-shaped plate by using linear cutting to obtain a forceps tip rough blank; grinding and polishing the rough blank of the forceps tip;

preferably, the step of making the forceps handle comprises:

2.1, adding a forceps handle raw material into a smelting furnace, and casting the molten forceps handle raw material into a water-cooling copper mold to obtain a forceps handle casting blank;

2.2, rolling the tweezer handle casting blank into a plate or a strip, wherein the rolling reduction is more than or equal to 80%.

2.3, cutting the forceps handles from the plate strip by linear cutting, and polishing the forceps handles by abrasive paper.

Preferably, the process for splicing the forceps tip and the forceps handle into the forceps valve comprises the following steps: the tail end of the forceps tip and the head end of the forceps handle are welded together by adopting a pressure resistance welding technology to form a complete forceps valve, the welding current is 50-200A, the welding pressure is 5-100 MPa, and the welding time is 3-60 s.

Preferably, the process of adding the insulating layer is as follows: sleeving the heat-shrinkable tube on the forceps handle part, and baking at 150-200 ℃ for 1-5 minutes to tightly attach the heat-shrinkable tube to the forceps handle to form an insulating layer.

In a third aspect of the invention, a method of using bipolar coagulation forceps is provided. The bipolar coagulation forceps have an electric field between two forceps tips when in operation, and the forceps tips are immersed in blood and/or tissue fluid. It was found that the surface roughness of the forceps tips connected to the positive electrode of the power supply gradually decreased with the increase in the number of uses.

A bipolar electric coagulation forceps system is characterized in that: the initial surface roughness of two forceps tips of the electric coagulation forceps is the same, and the two forceps tips are alternately connected with the positive electrode of the power supply; or when the materials of the two forceps tips of the electric coagulation forceps are the same but the initial surface roughness is different, the positive electrode of the power supply is firstly connected with the forceps tips with large surface roughness; or the first forceps tip of the electric coagulation forceps is made of copper-based alloy, and/or gold-based alloy, and/or silver-based alloy; the electrode holder of the forceps valve where the first forceps tip is located is a negative terminal.

The two forceps tips are alternately connected with the positive electrode of the power supply, that is, if the forceps valves are marked as a first forceps valve and a second forceps valve, the first forceps valve is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply and the second forceps valve is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply during the first electrocoagulation operation. And during the second electrocoagulation operation, the first forceps valve is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply, and the second forceps valve is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply. Or when the electrocoagulation operation is performed for 1 st to N times, the first forceps valve is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply, and the second forceps valve is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply. And when the electrocoagulation operation is performed for the Nth time to the Mth time, the first tweezer flap is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply, and the second tweezer flap is connected with the positive electrode of the power supply.

The negative electrode terminal means that the terminal can be connected only to the negative electrode of the power source.

Preferably, the forceps flaps of the electric coagulation forceps are provided with mark numbers, each forceps flap has a respective mark number, and the two mark numbers are different.

When the forceps tips clamp blood vessels or tissues for electrocoagulation, an electric field is arranged between the two forceps tips, the forceps tips are immersed in blood and tissue fluid to form an environment similar to electrolytic polishing, the forceps tips connected with the positive pole of a power supply are equivalent to anodes, the anodes naturally have cations in the electric field and the solution to diffuse outwards, the surfaces of the forceps tips are dissolved, the surface roughness is reduced, and the adhesion of biological tissues is improved.

The invention has the advantages that:

1. the forceps tip with the electrical conductivity of more than or equal to 60% IACS and the thermal conductivity of more than or equal to 240W/m.K has good electrical conductivity, can well release the current output by the electrocoagulator to a clamped tissue, and has good heat dissipation and long repeated service life.

2. The forceps tip has the hardness of 100-200 HV0.1 and the elastic limit of 0.2% or more, is not easy to deform and lose efficacy in the processes of continuously clamping tissues and repeatedly clamping, and can stably transfer clamping force.

3. The surface roughness of the forceps tip is controlled to be less than 3.2 mu m, and the adhesion performance of the biological tissue is obviously improved.

4. The 5kV insulation ensures the electrical safety of doctors when the electric coagulation forceps are electrified.

5. The forceps handle is used as a force application part for operation, and must have good elasticity to ensure that the forceps handle can be pinched for many times and restored to the original shape after being released. Therefore, the invention selects iron-based, copper-based, nickel-based and titanium-based materials as the materials of the forceps handle, the elastic modulus of the materials is more than or equal to 100GPa, and the use requirements can be met.

6. The material micro Vickers hardness of the forceps handle is 200-300 HV0.1, and the yield strength is more than or equal to 300MPa, so that the forceps handle can effectively transfer the external force to the forceps tip, and the force is not consumed due to the deformation of the forceps handle.

7. The forceps handle with the conductivity of 1% -50% IACS can effectively transmit the electric signal of the power supply to the forceps tip, and the loss of the forceps handle to the voltage is negligible.

8. Considering that the service requirements of the forceps tip and the forceps handle are different, the two materials are separately manufactured, so that the respective performance and cost advantages are fully exerted, and the cost of raw materials is reduced; the pressure resistance welding is adopted to enable the forceps tip and the forceps handle to be metallurgically combined, so that the combination strength is guaranteed, the electric connection is also guaranteed, and the effect of the forceps body made of a single material is achieved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of bipolar coagulation forceps.

Fig. 2 is an overall schematic diagram of bipolar coagulation forceps.

Figure 3 is a schematic view of the forceps tip and forceps handle connected by pressure resistance welding.

Figure 4 is a schematic view of the forceps tip and forceps handle connected by a T-shaped slot.

Figure 5 is a schematic view of the forceps tip and forceps handle connected through the aperture and shaft.

Figure 6 is a schematic view of the forceps tip and forceps handle connected by a gullet structure.

The labels in the figure are: a forceps tip 1, a forceps handle 2 and a pressure resistor 3.

Detailed Description

Example 1

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the bipolar electric coagulation forceps comprises a pair of forceps valves, each forceps valve is provided with an electrode holder, a forceps tip 1 is a conductor, and the forceps tip 1 is electrically connected with the electrode holder; the surface roughness of the forceps tip 1 is less than or equal to 3.2 mu m. The elastic limit of the forceps tip 1 is more than or equal to 0.2 percent. The micro Vickers hardness of the forceps tip 1 is 100-200 HV 0.1; the thermal conductivity is more than or equal to 240W/m.K, and the electric conductivity is more than or equal to 60 percent IACS. The forceps tip 1 is made of copper-based alloy, silver-based alloy or gold-based alloy. As shown in figures 3-6, the forceps flap comprises a forceps tip 1 and a forceps handle 2 which are fixedly connected, and the surface of the forceps handle 2 is wrapped with an insulating layer. As shown in figure 3, the forceps tip 1 and the forceps handle 2 are fixed by welding through a pressure resistor 3. Alternatively, as shown in fig. 4, the forceps tip 1 and the forceps handle 2 are in interference fit through a tenon and mortise structure. Or as shown in figure 5, a hole is arranged on the forceps tip 1, a bulge is arranged on the forceps handle 2, and the bulge is matched with the hole; or the forceps handle 2 is provided with a hole, and the forceps tip 1 is provided with a bulge which is matched with the hole. Alternatively, as shown in figure 6, the forceps tip 1 and the forceps handle 2 are fitted by a gullet structure.

The elastic modulus of the forceps handle 2 is more than or equal to 100GPa, the micro Vickers hardness is 200-300 HV0.1, and the yield strength is more than or equal to 300 MPa. The conductivity is 1 to 50 percent IACS.

The surface of the forceps valve is coated with an insulating layer, and the forceps tip 1 is exposed out of the insulating layer; the insulating strength of the insulating layer is more than or equal to 5 kV. The forceps tip 1 and the forceps handle are integrated, and the materials of the forceps tip 1 and the forceps handle are the same.

Example 2

Preparing a bipolar electric coagulation forceps sample according to the following steps:

1. putting a raw material of the forceps tip into a vacuum induction melting furnace, wherein the raw material of the forceps tip contains 98 wt.% of silver, 1 wt.% of copper and 1 wt.% of nickel, melting the raw material by using medium-frequency induction heating, and casting the raw material in a water-cooling copper mold to obtain a silver-based casting blank of the forceps tip.

2. And rolling the casting blank into a plate strip, wherein the rolling reduction is 80%.

3. Cutting the forceps tip with a set shape from the plate strip by adopting a wire cut electrical discharge machining technology, grinding the forceps tip by using sand paper and polishing until the surface roughness is 3.2 microns.

4. Feeding a forceps handle raw material in a smelting furnace, wherein the forceps handle raw material contains 87 wt.% of iron and 13 wt.% of chromium, heating and melting the raw material, and casting the raw material in a water-cooling copper mold to obtain a casting blank of the forceps handle 2.

5. And rolling the casting blank into a plate strip, wherein the rolling reduction is 80%.

6. Cutting a forceps handle with a set shape from the plate belt by adopting a wire cut electrical discharge machining technology, and grinding and polishing the forceps tip by using sand paper.

7. The tail end of the forceps tip and the head end of the forceps handle are welded together by adopting a pressure resistance welding technology to form a complete forceps valve, the welding current is 200A, the welding pressure is 100MPa, and the welding time is 3 s.

8. Sleeving the heat-shrinkable tube on the forceps handle part, and baking at 200 ℃ for 1 minute to tightly attach the heat-shrinkable tube to the forceps handle to form an insulating layer.

9. And the two forceps petals are respectively inserted into the anode and the cathode of the electrode holder and connected with a power supply to form a complete bipolar electric coagulation forceps, and the operations such as electrifying, coagulating, cutting and the like are carried out according to the operation requirements.

Example 3

The raw material components of the forceps tips are 90 wt.% silver and 10 wt.% nickel, and the rest is the same as that of the embodiment 2.

Example 4

The raw material components of the forceps tips are 90 wt.% of copper and 10 wt.% of nickel, and the rest is the same as that of the forceps tip raw material component in example 2.

Example 5

The raw material components of the forceps tips are 98 wt.% of copper and 2 wt.% of gold, and the rest is the same as that of the forceps tip raw material component in example 2.

Example 6

The raw material components of the forceps tips are 90 wt.% gold and 10 wt.% copper, and the rest is the same as that of the embodiment 2.

Example 7

The raw materials of the forceps tips used were 98 wt.% gold and 2 wt.% palladium, and the rest was the same as in example 2.

Example 8

The raw materials of the forceps handle comprise 99 wt.% of iron, 0.5 wt.% of carbon and 0.5 wt.% of silicon, and the rest is the same as that of the forceps handle in the embodiment 2.

Example 9

The raw material components of the forceps handle are 90 wt.% of titanium, 6 wt.% of aluminum and 4 wt.% of vanadium, and the rest is the same as that of the forceps handle in the embodiment 2.

Example 210

The raw materials of the forceps handle comprise 99.8 wt.% of titanium and 0.2 wt.% of aluminum, and the rest is the same as that of the forceps handle in the embodiment 2.

Example 11

The raw materials of the forceps handle comprise 99 wt.% of copper, 0.7 wt.% of chromium and 0.3 wt.% of zirconium, and the rest is the same as that of the forceps handle in the embodiment 2.

Example 12

The raw materials of the forceps handle are 62 wt.% of copper and 48 wt.% of zinc, and the rest is the same as that of the forceps handle in the embodiment 2.

Example 13

The raw materials of the forceps handle are 80 wt.% of nickel and 20 wt.% of chromium, and the rest is the same as that of the forceps handle in the embodiment 2.

Example 14

The raw materials of the forceps handle comprise 63 wt.% of nickel, 20 wt.% of chromium and 17 wt.% of aluminum, and the rest is the same as that of the forceps handle in the embodiment 2.

Example 15

The rolling reduction of the casting blank with the forceps tips was 90%, and the rest was the same as in example 2.

Example 16

The rolling reduction of the casting blank with the forceps tips was 60%, and the rest was the same as in example 2.

Example 17

The roll reduction of the tweezer handle casting blank is 92%, and the rest is the same as that of the casting blank in the embodiment 2.

Example 18

The welding current was 50A, the welding pressure was 5MPa, and the welding time was 60s, which were otherwise the same as in example 2.

Example 19

The heat-shrinkable tube was baked at 150 ℃ for 5 minutes, and the other contents were the same as in example 2.

Comparative example 2

The raw material components of the forceps tip are 98 wt.% of aluminum and 2 wt.% of iron, and the rest is the same as that of the embodiment 2.

Comparative example 2

The raw material components of the forceps tip are 95 wt.% of iron and 5 wt.% of chromium, and the rest is the same as that of the example 2.

Comparative example 3

The rolling reduction of the casting blank with the forceps tips was 50%, and the rest was the same as in example 2.

Comparative example 4

The roll reduction of the tweezer handle casting blank is 50 percent, and the rest is the same as that of the casting blank in the embodiment 2.

Comparative example 5

The surface roughness after the tip of the forceps is polished to be 6.5 microns, and the rest contents are the same as those of the embodiment 2.

Comparative example 6

The surface roughness after the tip of the forceps is polished to 1.6 microns, and the rest is the same as that of the embodiment 2.

Comparative example 7

The welding current was 30A, the welding pressure was 4MPa, the welding time was 2s, and the rest was the same as in example 2.

Comparative example 8

The welding current was 250A, the welding pressure was 150MPa, the welding time was 70s, and the same was applied to example 2.

Comparative example 9

The baking temperature of the heat-shrinkable tube was 140 degrees celsius, the baking time was 1 minute, and the other contents were the same as in example 2.

Comparative example 10

The heat-shrinkable tube was baked at 250 degrees celsius for 7 minutes, and the rest was the same as in example 2.

The method comprises the steps of testing the hardness of a forceps tip and a forceps handle by a micro Vickers hardness tester, testing the yield strength of the forceps handle by a universal electronic tensile testing machine, testing the conductivity of the forceps tip and the forceps handle by an eddy current conductivity meter, testing the thermal conductivity of the forceps tip by a Netzsch LFA467, testing the surface roughness of the forceps tip by a Sanfeng roughness meter, obtaining the leakage current value of the forceps handle under 5kV voltage through electrical strength testing, evaluating the adhesion property of biological tissues of the forceps tip through egg white simulation testing, soaking the forceps tip in an egg white solution, electrifying for 50 times, electrifying for 30s each time, weighing after drying the surface water vapor of the forceps tip, obtaining the weight increase data of the forceps tip, and the more the weight increase indicates that the adhesion of the biological tissues.

Table 1 shows the performance data of the examples and comparative examples

Through comparative analysis of examples 2-13, the prepared sample has little weight gain of a tweezer tip in an egg white simulation test and has good biological tissue adhesion resistance.

By comparing the test results of example 2 and comparative example 1, it can be seen that the hardness and conductivity of the aluminum-based material as a forceps tip are out of the optimized range of the present invention, and the weight of the forceps tip of comparative example 1 is increased by 26 times in the simulation test compared with that of example 2, which indicates that the aluminum-based material as a forceps tip does not have good adhesion resistance to biological tissue.

By comparing the test results of example 2 and comparative example 2, it can be seen that the conductivity is significantly lower when the iron-based material is used as a forceps tip, although the hardness and elastic limit are within the range defined by the present invention. Comparative example 2 the weight gain of the tip of tweezers in the simulation test was 48 times that of example 2, indicating that the iron-based material does not have good anti-biological tissue adhesion properties as a tip of tweezers.

The results of examples 2-6 and comparative examples 1-2 show that silver-based, copper-based and gold-based materials with appropriate conductivity and hardness are the preferred materials for preparing bipolar coagulation forceps tips with good biological tissue adhesion resistance.

By comparing and analyzing examples 2, 14 and 15, it can be seen that when the rolling reduction of the forceps tips is 60% or more, the mechanical properties of the forceps tips meet the requirements, so that the bipolar coagulation forceps have good adhesion performance and usability for resisting biological tissues.

Through comparative analysis of examples 2 and 16, it can be seen that when the rolling reduction of the forceps handle is 80% or more, the mechanical properties of the forceps handle meet the requirements, so that the bipolar coagulation forceps have good biological tissue adhesion resistance and usability.

By comparing the analysis of examples 2 and 17, it can be seen that when the welding parameters are within the ranges disclosed herein, the tip of the forceps bonds well to the handle of the forceps and does not fail over 50 simulated discharge tests.

By comparing the analysis of examples 2 and 18, it can be seen that the heat shrinkable tube is well laminated with the forceps handles, has good electrical insulation characteristics and reliability in use when the toasting parameters are within the ranges disclosed herein.

By comparing and analyzing the test results of the example 2 and the comparative example 3, it can be seen that when the rolling reduction of the forceps tip is only 50%, although the weight gain of the forceps tip in the simulation test is the same as that of the example 2, after 50 times of simulation test, the included angle of the forceps tip is reduced by 70%, which seriously affects the subsequent use effect, and indicates that the rolling reduction of the forceps tip must meet the requirement set by the present invention to meet the requirement of the mechanical property of the forceps tip.

By comparing and analyzing the test results of the example 2 and the comparative example 4, it can be seen that when the rolling reduction of the forceps handle is only 50%, although the weight of the forceps tip is increased in the simulation test and is the same as that of the example 2, after 50 times of simulation test, the rebound range of the forceps handle is reduced by 50%, the subsequent use effect is seriously affected, and the rolling reduction of the forceps handle is required to meet the requirement set by the invention so as to meet the requirement of the rigidity of the forceps handle.

By comparing and analyzing the test results of the example 2 and the comparative example 5, it can be seen that when the roughness of the forceps tips does not reach the range set by the present invention, the weight of the forceps tips of the comparative example 5 is increased 17 times in the simulation test compared with that of the example 2. In contrast, the tip roughness of comparative example 6 is only 1.6 microns, with the tip weight gain in the simulation being 50% of that of example 2. The results of example 2, comparative examples 5 and 6 demonstrate that forceps tip roughness is a key factor affecting the performance against adhesion of biological tissue.

By comparing and analyzing the test results of the embodiment 2 and the comparative example 7, when the welding current is 30A, the welding pressure is 4MPa, and the welding time is 2s, namely the welding parameters are obviously deviated from the lower limit of the design range of the invention, the breakage failure of the welding part of the forceps tip is realized after 27 times of simulation tests. I.e. the strength of the welded joint is insufficient.

By comparing and analyzing the test results of the example 2 and the comparative example 8, when the welding current is 250A, the welding pressure is 150MPa, and the welding time is 70s, that is, the welding parameters significantly exceed the upper limit of the required range of the present invention, the welding current is too large, the pressure is too large and the time is too long, the welding interface is seriously heated and melted, so that the left and right forceps tips cannot be aligned, and thus, the normal use cannot be realized. The results of comparative examples 7 and 8 show that a suitable pressure resistance welding process must be used to achieve good bonding of the forceps tip to the forceps handle.

By comparing and analyzing the test results of the example 2 and the comparative example 9, when the baking temperature of the heat shrinkable tube is only 140 ℃ and the baking time is only 1 minute, the shrinkable tube is not sufficiently shrunk and is not well adhered to the forceps handle, and liquid permeates into a gap between the forceps handle and the shrinkable tube in the egg white simulation test, so that the forceps handle also participates in discharging, and the egg white is polluted.

By comparing and analyzing the test results of the example 2 and the comparative example 10, when the baking temperature of the heat-shrinkable tube is 250 ℃ and the baking time is only 7 minutes, the heat-shrinkable tube excessively shrinks and a part of the heat-shrinkable tube is seriously thinned, so that the leakage current is increased, the insulation effect is weakened, and the potential safety hazard of electricity utilization exists. Comparative examples 9 and 10 illustrate that a suitable toasting strength must be used to properly coat the heat shrinkable tube over the surface of the forceps handle.

Comparative example 11

Except for the material of the forceps tips, the electric coagulation forceps for the comparative example were manufactured in the same manner as in example 2.

The raw materials of the forceps tip components are 98 wt.% of silver, 1 wt.% of copper and 1 wt.% of nickel, and the raw materials are used as No. 1 electric coagulation forceps; the raw material components of the forceps tip are 90 wt.% of silver and 10 wt.% of nickel, and the silver and the nickel are used as No. 2 electric coagulation forceps; the raw material components of the forceps tip are 90 wt.% of copper and 10 wt.% of nickel, and the copper and the nickel are used as No. 3 electric coagulation forceps; the raw material components of the forceps tip are 98 wt.% of copper and 2 wt.% of gold, and the copper and the gold are used as No. 4 electric coagulation forceps; the components of the forceps tip raw material are 98 wt.% of aluminum and 2 wt.% of iron, and the components are used as No. 5 electric coagulation forceps; the raw material components of the forceps tips are 95 wt.% of iron and 5 wt.% of chromium, and the raw material components are used as No. 6 electric coagulation forceps. The roughness of the forceps tip surface of the No. 1-6 electric coagulation forceps is 3.2 microns.

And performing an egg white test on the 6 kinds of forceps tips, wherein the test method comprises the steps of immersing the forceps tips in an egg white solution, electrifying, drying water vapor on the surfaces of the forceps tips, and weighing to obtain weight increasing data of the forceps tips.

In the first set of experiments, the forceps tips are electrified and repeatedly immersed in the egg white solution for 10 times with the immersion time of 5S each time, and the quality test results of the electric coagulation forceps are shown in table 2:

TABLE 2

In the second set of experiments, the forceps tips were powered on and repeatedly immersed in egg white solution for 30 times at 5S immersion time each time, and the results of the quality test of the electrocoagulation forceps are shown in table 3:

TABLE 3

In the third set of experiments, the forceps tips were powered on and repeatedly immersed in the egg white solution for 5S each time for 50 times, and the results of the quality tests of the electrocoagulation forceps are shown in table 4:

table 4:

therefore, the electric coagulation forceps No. 1 and No. 2 made of the silver-based alloy material and the electric coagulation forceps No. 3 made of the copper-based alloy material and the electric coagulation forceps No. 4 made of the copper-gold alloy have the protein adhesion resistance far better than that of the electric coagulation forceps No. 5 and No. 6.

Comparative example 12

Except that the rolling reduction of the casting blank at the tip of the forceps is different, the electric coagulation forceps for the comparative example are manufactured by the same process as the example 2. The rolling reduction of the casting blank at the forceps tip is 50 percent, and the casting blank is used as No. 1 electric coagulation forceps; the rolling reduction of the casting blank at the forceps tip is 60 percent, and the casting blank is used as No. 2 electric coagulation forceps; the rolling reduction of the casting blank with the forceps tip is 70 percent, and the casting blank is used as No. 3 electric coagulation forceps.

And (3) carrying out mechanical and deformation tests on the electric coagulation forceps, wherein the test method comprises the steps of continuously applying 20N holding force to forceps handles for 5S, carrying out repeated tests, and measuring the clamping force transmitted by forceps tips and included angles of the forceps tips.

The first set of experiments was repeated 10 times with the results as given in table 5:

table 5:

the second set of experiments, repeated 30 times, gave the results shown in table 6:

table 6:

the third set of experiments, repeated 50 times, gave the results shown in table 7:

table 7:

therefore, the No. 1 electric coagulation forceps with the rolling reduction of the casting blank at the forceps tip lower than 60 percent have low force transmission efficiency and large deformation rate of the forceps tip. The force transfer efficiency of the No. 2 electric coagulation forceps and the No. 3 electric coagulation forceps with the forceps tip casting blank rolling reduction higher than 60% is far higher than that of the No. 1 electric coagulation forceps, and the forceps tips are stable in shape.

Comparative example 13

Except that the rolling reduction of the casting blank of the forceps handle is different, the other processes are the same as the process of the embodiment 2 to manufacture the electric coagulation forceps used for the comparative example. The casting blank rolling reduction of the forceps handle is 50 percent and is used as No. 1 electric coagulation forceps; the casting blank rolling reduction of the forceps handle is 60 percent and is used as No. 2 electric coagulation forceps; the casting blank rolling reduction of the forceps handle is 70 percent and is used as No. 3 electric coagulation forceps.

And (3) carrying out mechanical and deformation tests on the electric coagulation forceps, wherein the test method comprises the steps of continuously applying 20N holding force to the forceps handles for 5S, and carrying out repeated tests to measure the clamping force transmitted by the forceps tips, the included angle of the forceps tips and the rebound range of the forceps handles.

The first set of experiments, repeated 10 times, gave the results shown in table 8:

table 8:

the second set of experiments, repeated 30 times, gave the results shown in table 9:

table 9:

the third set of experiments, repeated 50 times, gave the results shown in table 10:

watch 10

Therefore, the number 1 electric coagulation forceps with the forceps handle casting blank rolling reduction lower than 60% have low force transmission efficiency and large deformation rate of the forceps handles. The force transmission efficiency of the No. 2 electric coagulation forceps and the No. 3 electric coagulation forceps with the forceps tip casting blank rolling reduction higher than 60% is far higher than that of the No. 1 electric coagulation forceps, and the forceps handles are stable in shape.

Comparative example 14

Except that the surface roughness of the forceps tips was different, electric coagulation forceps for comparative example were manufactured in the same manner as in example 2. The surface roughness of the forceps tip is 6.5 microns, and the forceps tip is used as No. 1 electric coagulation forceps; the surface roughness of the forceps tip is 3.2 microns, and the forceps tip is used as No. 2 electric coagulation forceps; the surface roughness of the forceps tip is 1.6 microns, and the forceps is used as No. 3 electric coagulation forceps.

And 3 kinds of forceps tips are subjected to an egg white test, and the test method comprises the steps of immersing the forceps tips in an egg white solution, electrifying, drying water vapor on the surfaces of the forceps tips, and weighing to obtain weight increasing data of the forceps tips.

In the first set of experiments, the forceps tips were powered on and repeatedly immersed in egg white solution for 5S each time for 10 times, and the results of the quality tests of the electrocoagulation forceps are shown in table 11:

TABLE 11

In the second set of experiments, the forceps tips were powered on and repeatedly immersed in egg white solution for 30 times at 5S immersion time each time, and the results of the quality test of the electrocoagulation forceps are shown in table 12:

TABLE 12

In the third set of experiments, the forceps tips were powered on and repeatedly immersed in the egg white solution for 5S each time for 50 times, and the results of the quality tests of the electrocoagulation forceps are shown in table 11:

watch 13

Therefore, the protein adhesion resistance of the electric coagulation forceps No. 2 and No. 3 is far better than that of the electric coagulation forceps No. 1. The protein adhesion resistance of the No. 3 electric coagulation forceps is superior to that of the No. 2 electric coagulation forceps.

Comparative example 15

Except that the parameters of the welding process of the forceps tip and the forceps handle are different, the electric coagulation forceps for the comparative example are manufactured by the same process as the example 2. No. 1 electric coagulation forceps: pressure resistance welding, welding current of 30A, welding pressure of 4MPa and welding time of 2S. No. 2 electric coagulation forceps: pressure resistance welding, welding current of 50A, welding pressure of 5MPa and welding time of 3S. No. 3 electric coagulation forceps: pressure resistance welding, wherein the welding current is 150A, the welding pressure is 50MPa, and the welding time is 50S. No. 4 electric coagulation forceps: pressure resistance welding, wherein the welding current is 200A, the welding pressure is 100MPa, and the welding time is 60S. No. 5 electric coagulation forceps: pressure resistance welding, wherein the welding current is 200A, the welding pressure is 100MPa, and the welding time is 70S. No. 6 electric coagulation forceps: pressure resistance welding, wherein the welding current is 250A, the welding pressure is 150MPa, and the welding time is 70S.

And (3) performing mechanical and deformation tests on 6 types of electric coagulation forceps, wherein the test method comprises the steps of continuously applying 20N of holding force to forceps handles for 5S, and performing repeated tests to measure the clamping force transmitted by forceps tips and the connection strength between the forceps tips and the forceps handles.

The first set of experiments, repeated 10 times, gave the results shown in table 14:

TABLE 14

The second set of experiments, repeated 30 times, gave the results shown in table 15:

watch 15

The third set of experiments, repeated 50 times, gave the results shown in table 16:

TABLE 16

Therefore, the connection strength between the forceps tip and the forceps handle of the No. 1 electric coagulation forceps is low, the transmission efficiency of the clamping force is low, and the forceps tip and the forceps handle are easy to deform. The connection strength and the clamping force transmission efficiency between the forceps tip and the forceps handle of the No. 2 electric coagulation forceps are obviously superior to those of the No. 1 electric coagulation forceps. 2. The connection strength and the clamping force transmission efficiency between the forceps tips and the forceps handles of the No. 3 and No. 4 electric coagulation forceps are gradually increased along with the improvement of welding current, welding pressure and welding time. Compared with the electric coagulation forceps No. 4, the electric coagulation forceps No. 5 has long welding time, and the connection strength and the clamping force transmission efficiency between the forceps tip and the forceps handle are obviously lower than those of the electric coagulation forceps No. 4. Compared with the electric coagulation forceps No. 2, 3 and 4, the electric coagulation forceps No. 6 has obviously reduced performance.

The use of bipolar coagulation forceps is described in detail below.

The bipolar electric coagulation forceps system is characterized in that the initial surface roughness of two forceps tips of the electric coagulation forceps is the same, and the two forceps tips are alternately connected with the positive electrode of a power supply; or when the initial surface roughness of the two forceps tips of the electric coagulation forceps is different, the positive electrode of the power supply is firstly connected with the forceps tips with large surface roughness; or the first forceps tip of the electric coagulation forceps is made of copper-based alloy, and/or gold-based alloy, and/or silver-based alloy; the electrode holder of the forceps valve where the first forceps tip is located is a negative terminal.

Comparative example 15

No. 1 electric coagulation forceps and No. 2 electric coagulation forceps were manufactured by the process described in example 2. The No. 1 electrocoagulation forceps mark the first forceps flap and the second forceps flap. The No. 2 electro coagulation forceps mark the first forceps flap and the second forceps flap. And respectively carrying out egg white tests by using the electric coagulation forceps No. 1 and the electric coagulation forceps No. 2, wherein the egg white test is to immerse the forceps tips in an egg white solution for electrifying work, blow-drying water vapor on the surfaces of the forceps tips and then weigh the forceps tips to obtain weight gain data.

The test method comprises the following steps: for the No. 1 electric coagulation forceps, the positive electrode of the power supply is always connected to the first forceps valve.

For No. 2 electric coagulation forceps, if the positive electrode of the power supply is connected to the first forceps valve during the previous egg white test, and the negative electrode of the power supply is connected to the first forceps valve during the next egg white test.

Initially, the roughness of the surface of a first forceps valve of the No. 1 electric coagulation forceps is 3.2 microns, and the roughness of the surface of a second forceps valve is 3.2 microns; the roughness of the surface of the first forceps valve of the No. 2 electric coagulation forceps is 3.2 microns, and the roughness of the surface of the second forceps valve is 3.2 microns.

In the first set of experiments, the forceps tips were powered on and repeatedly immersed in egg white solution for 5S each time for 10 times, and the results of the quality tests of the electrocoagulation forceps are shown in table 17:

TABLE 17

In the second set of experiments, the forceps tips were powered on and repeatedly immersed in the egg white solution for 30 times at 5S immersion time, and the results of the quality test of the electrocoagulation forceps are shown in table 18:

watch 18

In the third set of experiments, the forceps tips were powered on and repeatedly immersed in the egg white solution for 5S each time for 50 times, and the results of the quality tests of the electrocoagulation forceps are shown in table 19:

watch 19

It can be seen that the surface roughness of the forceps tips of the first forceps flap of the No. 1 electric coagulation forceps decreases as the egg white test progresses, and the surface roughness of the second forceps flap slightly increases. The surface roughness of the two forceps tips of the No. 2 electric coagulation forceps is reduced along with the progress of the egg white test. The adhesion performance of the biological tissue resistance of the electric coagulation forceps No. 2 is superior to that of the electric coagulation forceps No. 1.

Comparative example 16

Electrocoagulation forceps were made using the process described in example 2. The electric coagulation forceps mark a first forceps valve and a second forceps valve, the surface roughness of the first forceps valve is 3.2 mu m, and the surface roughness of the second forceps valve is 3.0.

And (3) performing an egg white test by using the electric coagulation forceps, wherein the egg white test refers to immersing the forceps tips in an egg white solution, electrifying, drying water vapor on the surfaces of the forceps tips, and weighing to obtain weight increasing data of the forceps tips.

The test method comprises the following steps: for the electric coagulation forceps, during 10 times of egg white tests, the positive electrode of a power supply is connected with a first forceps valve; and during 20 times of egg white tests, the positive electrode of the power supply is connected with the second tweezer flap, and during 50 times of egg white tests, the positive electrode of the power supply is connected with the first tweezer flap.

Watch 20

It can be seen that the surface roughness of the forceps tips connected to the positive electrode of the power supply decreases as the egg white test progresses.

Comparative example 17

Electrocoagulation forceps were made using the process described in example 2. Marking a first forceps valve and a second forceps valve by the electric coagulation forceps, wherein forceps tip materials of the first forceps valve of the electric coagulation forceps are 98 wt.% of silver, 1 wt.% of copper and 1 wt.% of nickel; the tip material of the second forceps flap is 95 wt.% iron and 5 wt.% chromium; the surface roughness of the first tweezer flap is 3.1 μm and the surface roughness of the second tweezer flap is 3.0. The second tweezer flap is always connected with the positive electrode of the power supply.

The results of the quality testing of the electrocoagulation forceps are shown in table 21:

TABLE 21

Therefore, if the iron-based forceps tips are made of iron-based materials, but the iron-based forceps tips are connected with the positive electrode of the power supply, the surface roughness of the iron-based forceps tips is reduced, and the anti-biological tissue adhesion performance of the iron-based forceps tips is improved.

While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A using method of bipolar coagulation forceps comprises a pair of forceps valves, wherein each forceps valve is provided with an electrode holder, forceps tips are conductors, and the forceps tips are electrically connected with the electrode holders; the surface of the tweezer valve is wrapped with an insulating layer; the method is characterized in that: before use, whether the surface roughness of the two forceps tips is the same or not is judged; when the initial surface roughness of two forceps tips of the electric coagulation forceps is the same, the two forceps tips are alternately connected with the positive electrode of the power supply; when the materials of two forceps tips of the electric coagulation forceps are the same but the initial surface roughness is different, the positive electrode of the power supply is firstly connected with the forceps tips with large surface roughness; the electrode seat of the forceps valve with the forceps tips is a negative terminal; marking marks are arranged on forceps valves of the electric coagulation forceps, each forceps valve is provided with a respective marking number, and the two marking numbers are different.

2. The method of using bipolar coagulation forceps of claim 1, wherein: the forceps valve consists of a forceps tip and a forceps handle, and the forceps tip is made of copper-based alloy, silver-based alloy or gold-based alloy; the forceps handle is made of an iron-based material, a copper-based material, a nickel-based material or a titanium-based material; the elastic modulus of the forceps handle is more than or equal to 100Gpa, the micro Vickers hardness is 200-300 HV0.1, and the yield strength is more than or equal to 300 MP.

3. The method of using bipolar coagulation forceps of claim 1, wherein: the forceps tip and the forceps handle are fixed by welding; or the forceps tip and the forceps handle are in interference fit through a tooth socket structure; or, a hole is arranged on the forceps tip, a bulge is arranged on the forceps handle, and the bulge is matched with the hole; or the forceps handle is provided with a hole, the forceps tip is provided with a bulge, and the bulge is matched with the hole.

4. The method of using bipolar coagulation forceps of claim 1, wherein: the length of the forceps tip is 2-20 mm; the length of the forceps handle is 100-300 mm.

5. The method of using bipolar coagulation forceps of claim 1, wherein: the insulating strength of the insulating layer is more than or equal to 5 kV.