CN110493802A - A kind of optimization method and its optimization device of wireless sensor network APTEEN Routing Protocol - Google Patents
A kind of optimization method and its optimization device of wireless sensor network APTEEN Routing Protocol Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
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- H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
- H04W24/02—Arrangements for optimising operational condition
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
- H04W24/06—Testing, supervising or monitoring using simulated traffic
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
- H04W40/02—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing
- H04W40/04—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing based on wireless node resources
- H04W40/10—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing based on wireless node resources based on available power or energy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
- H04W40/24—Connectivity information management, e.g. connectivity discovery or connectivity update
- H04W40/32—Connectivity information management, e.g. connectivity discovery or connectivity update for defining a routing cluster membership
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of optimization method of wireless sensor network APTEEN Routing Protocol and its optimization devices.The optimization method is the following steps are included: construct the network model of wireless sensor network；Pre-clustering；Optimize cluster.Pre- point of method of cluster is the following steps are included: calculate cluster head number in wireless sensor network；Make base station according to the energy information of collection, calculates the remaining average energy of wireless sensor network interior joint；Node of the several dump energies of cluster head greater than average energy is chosen as pre-selection cluster head, and divides the cluster of wireless sensor network.The present invention is by being added the ratio that optimal cluster head number controls elected leader cluster node in the cluster head selection stage, the fitness function value of oneself is calculated according to fitness function, the superiority and inferiority for oneself being presently in position is judged with this, to choose high-energy, short distance, and it is elected to cluster head with the node of distributing equilibrium, it is obviously prolonged the life span of network, network energy wear rate can be slowed down, improves network energy utilization efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of optimization method of communication technique field more particularly to a kind of wireless sensor network APTEEN
The optimization method of Routing Protocol further relates to the optimization device of the wireless sensor network APTEEN Routing Protocol of the optimization method.
Background technique
Wireless sensor network can be widely applied to military affairs, intelligent transportation, environment as a kind of distributed sensor
The multiple fields such as monitoring, health care.Wireless sensor network is mainly controlled by Routing Protocol, the quality very great Cheng of network performance
It is that Routing Protocol determines on degree.Sub-clustering type Routing Protocol is convenient with Topology Management, and capacity usage ratio is high and is conducive to data
The advantages of fusion and transmission process, therefore Routing Protocol uses the method for sub-clustering at the emphasis of domestic and international research.It is adaptive should be able to
Measuring effective threshold value sensitive sensor algorithm network routing (APTEEN) is a kind of typical clustering route protocol, it is defined firmly
Two threshold values of threshold value and soft-threshold have respectively provided the range of measured value and the knots modification of front and back measured value twice.Two threshold values
Use not only can be reduced unnecessary data and transmit, but also can be reduced the repetition transmission of data.Using sub-clustering, data fusion thought
APTEEN have higher router efficiency, can periodically acquire data but also fast reaction is made to emergency event, it is full
The foot nowadays demand of numerous application scenarios.
But what existing APTEEN Routing Protocol was improved by LEACH Routing Protocol, it is former that agreement uses LEACH
Some sub-clustering working methods and cluster head choose mode.However APTEEN agreement does not account for choosing section when choosing cluster head in cluster
The factors such as energy, the position of point, may select cluster self-energy lower and remote node is elected to cluster head, to make node mistake
It is fast dead, Energy volution is generated, directly makes the life cycle of whole network shorter.
Summary of the invention
Problem in view of the prior art, the present invention provide a kind of optimization side of wireless sensor network APTEEN Routing Protocol
Method and its optimization device, solving existing APTEEN Routing Protocol makes the too fast death of node, generates Energy volution, directly makes
The life cycle of whole network shorter problem.
The present invention is implemented with the following technical solutions: a kind of optimization side of wireless sensor network APTEEN Routing Protocol
Method comprising following steps:
(1) network model of wireless sensor network is constructed；Wherein, in the wireless sensor network in square area
The identical multiple static nodes of random distribution primary power；
(2) pre-clustering, pre- point of method of cluster the following steps are included:
(2.1) cluster head number in wireless sensor network is calculated；
(2.2) make base station according to the energy information of collection, it is remaining flat to calculate the wireless sensor network interior joint
Equal energy；
(2.3) node of the several dump energies of cluster head greater than average energy is chosen as pre-selection cluster head, and according to institute
State the cluster that pre-selection cluster head divides the wireless sensor network；
(3) optimize cluster, the optimization method of cluster the following steps are included:
Step S1, random initializtion population calculate fitness function value, and initialize individual extreme value and all extreme values；
Step S2, iteration displacement, the speed of more new particle and position；
Step S3 calculates the fitness function value of current particle；
Step S4, judges whether the fitness function value of current particle is greater than the individual extreme value；
When the fitness function value of the current particle is greater than the individual extreme value, step S5 is executed, updates described
Body extreme value；
After the fitness function value of the current particle is updated no more than the individual extreme value or the individual extreme value, hold
Row step S6, judges whether the individual extreme value is greater than all extreme values；
When the individual extreme value is greater than all extreme values, step S7 is executed, updates all extreme values；
After the individual extreme value is updated no more than all extreme values or all extreme values, step S8, judgement are executed
Whether current environment reaches preset iterated conditional or the number of iterations；
When the current environment reaches preset iterated conditional or the number of iterations, step S9 is executed, output optimal solution is simultaneously
Using the current particle as main cluster head；
When the current environment is not up to preset iterated conditional or the number of iterations, step S2 is executed.
As a further improvement of the foregoing solution, the calculation formula of the cluster head number are as follows:
In formula, koptFor the optimal cluster head number, M is the side length of the square area, and N is the static node number,
dtoBSFor the distance of cluster head to aggregation node, εfsAnd εampFor the power amplification coefficient power amplification ratio under different condition, EelecFor the wireless biography
Energy consumed by the every receiving of sensor nodes or transmission 1bit message.
As a further improvement of the foregoing solution, the calculation formula of the average energy are as follows:
In formula, EavgFor the remaining average energy of wireless sensor network interior joint, E (i) is the wireless sensor
The dump energy of i-th of node in network, n are the wireless sensor network interior joint number.
Further, the selection formula of the pre-selection cluster head are as follows:
In formula, T (n) is the selected threshold of the pre-selection cluster head, and the optimum probability of cluster head is preselected described in p,It was elected to the ratio that leader cluster node accounts for sensor node before currently to choose wheel number, G is current selection wheel
The sensor node set of leader cluster node it was not elected to before number, r is the wheel number chosen.
Still further, the calculation method of the fitness function value the following steps are included:
(3.1) dump energy accounting f is calculated1；
(3.2) the geometrical mean f of transmission range is calculated2；
(3.3) calculate node balancing energy degree f3；
(3.4) the fitness function value f (i) is calculated；Wherein, the calculation formula of the fitness function value f (i) are as follows:
In formula, a, b, c are respectively the weighted value of fitness function impact factor.
Still further, the dump energy accounting f1Calculation formula are as follows:
The geometrical mean f of the transmission range2Calculation formula are as follows:
The node energy equilibrium degree f3Calculation formula are as follows:
Wherein, R (j) is European geometric distance of j-th of node to i-th of node.
Still further, the value range of weighted value a, b, c are [0,1], and a+b+c=1.
As a further improvement of the foregoing solution, the speed of particle and position are indicated by vector in the population, and
Speed splits into two vectors in x-axis and y-axisPosition splits into two vectors in x-axis and y-axisThe more new formula of the speed of particle and position is respectively as follows: in the population
Wherein, xix∈{P1x,P2x,…,Pnx, xiy∈{P1y,P2y,…,Pny, PixFor the x-axis point of i-th of node in cluster
Amount, PiyFor the y-axis component of i-th of node in cluster.
The present invention also provides a kind of optimization devices of wireless sensor network APTEEN Routing Protocol, using above-mentioned any
The optimization method of the wireless sensor network APTEEN Routing Protocol comprising:
Model construction module is used to construct the network model of wireless sensor network；Wherein, the wireless sensor network
The identical multiple static nodes of random distribution primary power in square area in network；
Pre-clustering module is used to divide cluster in the wireless sensor network in advance；The pre-clustering module packet
Include cluster head number computing unit, average energy computing unit and cluster division unit；The cluster head number computing unit is for calculating
Cluster head number in wireless sensor network；The average energy computing unit is calculated for making base station according to the energy information of collection
The remaining average energy of wireless sensor network interior joint out；The cluster division unit is several surplus for choosing the cluster head
The node that complementary energy is greater than average energy divides the wireless sensor network as pre-selection cluster head, and according to the pre-selection cluster head
Cluster；And
Optimize cluster module, is used to optimize cluster in the wireless sensor network；The optimization cluster module includes
Initialization unit, iteration updating unit, fitness function value computing unit, judging unit one, individual extreme value updating unit, judgement
Unit two, all extreme value updating units, judging unit three and output unit；The initialization unit is used for random initializtion grain
Subgroup calculates fitness function value, and initializes individual extreme value and all extreme values；The iteration updating unit is used for iteration position
It moves, the speed of more new particle and position；The fitness function value computing unit is used to calculate the fitness function of current particle
Value；The judging unit one is for judging whether the fitness function value of current particle is greater than the individual extreme value；The individual
Extreme value updating unit is used to update the individual when the fitness function value in the current particle is greater than the individual extreme value
Extreme value；The judging unit two is used for the fitness function value in the current particle no more than the individual extreme value or described
After body extreme value updates, judge whether the individual extreme value is greater than all extreme values；The entirety extreme value updating unit is used for
When the individual extreme value is greater than all extreme values, all extreme values are updated；The judging unit three is used in the individual
After extreme value is updated no more than all extreme values or all extreme values, judge whether current environment reaches preset iterated conditional
Or the number of iterations；The output unit is used for when the current environment reaches preset iterated conditional or the number of iterations, output
Optimal solution and using the current particle as main cluster head；Preset iterated conditional or the number of iterations are not up in the current environment
When, the iteration updating unit is also iterated displacement, the speed of more new particle and position.
As a further improvement of the foregoing solution, the optimization device further includes energy model module；The energy model
Module includes transmitting line, power amplification circuit and reception circuit；Wherein, k one-bit data signal passes through the transmitting line
It is sent to the power amplification circuit to amplify, amplified signal is sent to the reception electricity after certain distance transmits
Road；The ENERGY E for receiving circuit consumptionRx(k) are as follows:
ERx(k)=Eelec×k
In formula, EelecFor energy consumed by the every receiving of the wireless sensor network interior joint or transmission 1bit message
Amount.
The optimization method and its optimization device of wireless sensor network APTEEN Routing Protocol of the invention, the optimization method
The ratio of elected leader cluster node is controlled by the way that optimal cluster head number is added in the cluster head selection stage, while being calculated according to fitness function
The fitness function value of oneself judges the superiority and inferiority for oneself being presently in position with this, by mutual between individual in population
Optimal solution is sought in cooperation and information sharing, simple easy to accomplish, and not many parameter regulations, thus choose high-energy,
Closely, and the node balanced with surroundings nodes Energy distribution is elected to cluster head, can be obviously prolonged the life span of whole network,
And network energy wear rate can be slowed down, improve network energy utilization efficiency.
In addition, optimization method of the invention can be by adjusting the relative size of weighted value a, b, c, so that entire routing
The performance of protocol system can give priority to.The generation for taking biggish a value that network can be made more effectively to avoid network cavity,
It prevents cluster head to be in lost contact state, takes biggish b value that cluster can be made more compact, biggish c is taken network energy can be made to be distributed
More evenly.Meanwhile as long as the value of fitness function value is bigger, the sub-clustering of Routing Protocol can more evenly, the bulk life time of network
It can be longer.Moreover, the optimization method considers dump energy problem when cluster head is chosen, position problems and Energy distribution equilibrium degree
Problem, transmission energy consumption significantly reduce, and rate of energy dissipation also obviously slows down and equilibrium.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the optimization method of the wireless sensor network APTEEN Routing Protocol of the embodiment of the present invention 1；
Fig. 2 is the energy model of the optimization method of the wireless sensor network APTEEN Routing Protocol of the embodiment of the present invention 1
Figure；
Fig. 3 is the residue of network organization of the optimization method of the wireless sensor network APTEEN Routing Protocol of the embodiment of the present invention 2
The analogous diagram of survival node；
Fig. 4 is energy in the network of the optimization method of the wireless sensor network APTEEN Routing Protocol of the embodiment of the present invention 2
Measure the analogous diagram of consumption.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that described herein, specific examples are only used to explain the present invention, not
For limiting the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 is please referred to, a kind of optimization of wireless sensor network APTEEN Routing Protocol is present embodiments provided
Method, the optimization method comprehensively consider residue energy of node, and the factors such as node location and the distribution of node ambient energy pass through group
Cooperating with each other with information sharing between middle individual is sought optimal solution and is selected cluster head.Wherein, optimization method include with
Lower step.
The first step constructs the network model of wireless sensor network.Wherein, in wireless sensor network in square area
The identical multiple static nodes of random distribution primary power.The present embodiment is using communication energy consumption model, as shown in Figure 2.Sensor
The energy consumption of node transmitting terminal is mainly made of transmitting line and power amplification two parts, is sent k bit data and is needed to consume
Energy are as follows:
Sensor node receiving end energy consumption only includes the energy for receiving circuit consumption:
ERx(k)=Eelec×k
In formula, EelecFor energy consumed by the every receiving of wireless sensor network interior joint or transmission 1bit message；εfs
And εampFor the power amplification coefficient power amplification ratio under different condition.In addition, in the network model of the present embodiment, it is assumed that in the region of M × M
It is E that interior random distribution, which has N number of primary power,0Static node, while the wireless sensor network that builds up of hypothesis group have it is as follows
Characteristic:
(1) base station supplying energy is unrestricted；
(2) each node can position the coordinate position of oneself；
(3) ability of each node is identical, and status is equal and can work independently.
Second step, pre-clustering, and pre- point of method of cluster the following steps are included:
1, cluster head number in wireless sensor network is calculated；
2, make base station according to the energy information of collection, calculate the remaining average energy of wireless sensor network interior joint；
3, node of the several dump energies of cluster head greater than average energy is chosen to draw as pre-selection cluster head, and according to pre-selection cluster head
Divide the cluster of wireless sensor network.
During above-mentioned pre- point, if the very few communications that will lead to of cluster head are apart from too far in wireless sensor network,
If cluster head can excessively waste unnecessary energy.Optimal cluster head number can make network life cycle longer.In network
Initial stage, the energy and coordinate information of all nodes in the collection network of base station, while wireless sensor is calculated according to the following formula
Cluster head number (i.e. optimal cluster head number) in network:
In formula, koptFor optimal cluster head number, M is square the side length in region, and N is static node number, dtoBSIt is arrived for cluster head
The distance of aggregation node, εfsAnd εampFor the power amplification coefficient power amplification ratio under different condition, EelecIt is every for wireless sensor network interior joint
Receive or send energy consumed by 1bit message.
Then, base station can calculate section according to the energy information being collected into, while using the calculation formula of average energy
The remaining average energy of point.Wherein, the calculation formula of average energy are as follows:
In formula, EavgFor the remaining average energy of wireless sensor network interior joint, E (i) is the in wireless sensor network
The dump energy of i node, n are wireless sensor network interior joint number.
Finally, selecting koptA node is used as pre-selection cluster head, and carries out the division of cluster to network with this.In the present embodiment
Preselect the selection formula of cluster head are as follows:
In formula, T (n) is the selected threshold for preselecting cluster head, and p preselects the optimum probability of cluster head,It is current
It was elected to the ratio that leader cluster node accounts for sensor node before choosing wheel number, G is not to be elected to cluster head before currently choosing wheel number
The sensor node set of node, r are the wheel number chosen.
Tri- Walk, optimize cluster, wherein the optimization method of cluster the following steps are included:
Step S1, random initializtion population calculate fitness function value, and initialize individual extreme value and all extreme values；
Step S2, iteration displacement, the speed of more new particle and position；
Step S3 calculates the fitness function value of current particle；
Step S4, judges whether the fitness function value of current particle is greater than individual extreme value；
When the fitness function value of current particle is greater than individual extreme value, step S5, more new individual extreme value are executed；
After the fitness function value of current particle is not more than individual extreme value or individual extreme value update, step S6 is executed, is sentenced
Whether disconnected individual extreme value is greater than all extreme values；
When individual extreme value is greater than all extreme values, step S7 is executed, updates all extreme values；
After individual extreme value is not more than all extreme values or all extreme values update, step S8 is executed, whether judges current environment
Reach preset iterated conditional or the number of iterations；
When current environment reaches preset iterated conditional or the number of iterations, step S9 is executed, export optimal solution and will be worked as
Preceding particle is as main cluster head；
When current environment is not up to preset iterated conditional or the number of iterations, step S2 is executed.
In above-mentioned optimization process, the fitness function value of oneself is calculated according to fitness function, oneself is judged with this
It is presently in the superiority and inferiority of position, optimal solution is sought by cooperating with each other with information sharing between individual in population, it is simple to hold
It easily realizes, and not many parameter regulations, to choose high-energy, short distance, and balanced with surroundings nodes Energy distribution
Node is elected to cluster head, can be obviously prolonged the life span of whole network, and can slow down network energy wear rate, improves
Network energy utilization efficiency.
In the present embodiment, in order to optimize cluster head select permeability, the calculation formula to the energy of consumption is needed to optimize
Adjustment.Because the distribution of node is envisioned that into a plane space, we need speed and position vector splitting into x
The component of axis and y-axis both direction.I.e. speed splits into two vectors in x-axis and y-axisPosition is in x-axis and y
Two vectors are split on axisThe more new formula of the speed of particle and position is respectively as follows: in population
Since in wireless sensor network, network node is discrete branch, node value calculated can not map one by one
With on corresponding network node, so needing to be adjusted the position that algorithm acquires, so that x adjustedix∈{P1x,
P2x,…,Pnx, xiy∈{P1y,P2y,…,Pny}.Wherein, PixFor the x-axis component of i-th of node in cluster, PiyIt is i-th in cluster
The y-axis component of node.Enable Δ Pjx=| xix-Pjx|, Δ Pjy=| xiy-Pjy| andWherein Δ
PjxIndicate xixWith the absolute value of the difference of the x-component of cluster interior nodes j, Δ PjyIndicate xiyIt is exhausted with the difference of the y-component of cluster interior nodes j
To value.If Δ Pk=min { Δ P1,ΔP2,…,ΔPn, then show the position of k-th node and x in a networkiDistance most connect
Closely, therefore x is adjustedix≈Pkx, xiy≈Pky, that is, the point searched for is located on the position of node k.
Fitness function is important indicator when particle swarm algorithm chooses optimal value.For in APTEEN agreement, cluster intra-cluster
Head and the non-uniform problem of ordinary node energy consumption, the present embodiment mainly pass through three aspects and fitness function: 1. sections are arranged
Point dump energy；2. average distance in cluster；3. node energy equilibrium degree.Therefore, in the present embodiment, the meter of fitness function value
Calculation method the following steps are included:
(1) dump energy accounting f is calculated1；
(2) the geometrical mean f of transmission range is calculated2；
(3) calculate node balancing energy degree f3；
(4) fitness function value f (i) is calculated；Wherein, the calculation formula of fitness function value f (i) are as follows:
In formula, a, b, c are respectively the weighted value of fitness function impact factor.
In wireless sensor network, because cluster head needs to forward the information of each node, a large amount of energy can be consumed
Amount.If a cluster head runs out of energy before next round election of cluster head, all nodes in the cluster may be in mistake
Connection state forms network cavity.Therefore, dump energy number be key factor when choosing cluster head, thus can be with
One dump energy accounting f is set1To be indicated.In the present embodiment, dump energy accounting f1Calculation formula are as follows:
Receive and send message to be the most important part of node energy consumption, sends the energy consumption and transmission range of message
It is directly proportional.In order to reduce the energy consumption of whole network, the life span of prolonging wireless sensor network, the position of cluster head should in cluster
Close to the geometric center of entire cluster.Therefore, the present embodiment can be by the geometrical mean f of transmission range2Calculation formula setting
Are as follows:
Wherein, R (j) is European geometric distance of j-th of node to i-th of node.
And node energy equilibrium degree is the essential condition for measuring selected cluster head and surroundings nodes Energy distribution.Selected cluster head
Node energy equilibrium degree is higher, then Energy distribution is more balanced in network, the easier formation for avoiding network cavity, while network
Life cycle can be only achieved maximization.The present embodiment proposes a kind of node energy equilibrium degree f3Calculation formula, the formula are as follows:
In this way, in summary formula, so that it may obtain fitness function.In the present embodiment, the value of weighted value a, b, c
Range is [0,1], and a+b+c=1.Certainly, in other embodiments, weighted value a, b, c can apply ring according to actual
Border is arranged to other values.In this way, the optimization method of the present embodiment can by adjust weighted value a, b, c relative size so that
The performance of entire Routing Protocol system can give priority to.Take biggish a value that network can be made more effectively to avoid network empty
The generation in hole；Take biggish b value that cluster can be made more compact；Take biggish c network energy can be made to be more evenly distributed.As long as f
(i) value is bigger, and the sub-clustering of algorithm can more evenly, and the bulk life time of network also can be longer.
In conclusion the optimization method of the wireless sensor network APTEEN Routing Protocol of the present embodiment is with following excellent
Point:
The optimization method and its optimization device of the wireless sensor network APTEEN Routing Protocol of the present embodiment, the optimization side
The ratio that optimal cluster head number controls elected leader cluster node is added by choosing the stage in cluster head in method, while according to fitness function meter
The fitness function value of oneself is calculated, the superiority and inferiority for oneself being presently in position is judged with this, passes through the phase between individual in population
Mutually cooperate to seek optimal solution with information sharing, it is simple easy to accomplish, and not many parameter regulations, to choose high energy
Amount, short distance, and the node balanced with surroundings nodes Energy distribution is elected to cluster head, when can be obviously prolonged the existence of whole network
Between, and network energy wear rate can be slowed down, improve network energy utilization efficiency.
In addition, the optimization method in the present embodiment can be by the relative size of adjusting weighted value a, b, c, so that entire road
It can be given priority to by the performance of protocol system.The production for taking biggish a value that network can be made more effectively to avoid network cavity
It is raw, it prevents cluster head to be in lost contact state, takes biggish b value that cluster can be made more compact, take biggish c that can make network energy point
Cloth is more evenly.Meanwhile as long as the value of fitness function value is bigger, the sub-clustering of Routing Protocol can more evenly, the bulk life time of network
It also can be longer.Moreover, the optimization method considers dump energy problem when cluster head is chosen, position problems and Energy distribution are balanced
Degree problem, transmission energy consumption significantly reduce, and rate of energy dissipation also obviously slows down and equilibrium.
Embodiment 2
A kind of optimization method of wireless sensor network APTEEN Routing Protocol is present embodiments provided, this method is being implemented
It is specifically emulated on the basis of the optimization method of example 1.In the present embodiment, it is emulated using matlab software, network is big
Small M=100, number of network node N=100, base station are placed on the position of (50,50).εfs=10PJ/ (bitm2), εamp=
0.0013PJ/(bit·m4), each node primary power E having the same0=0.1J.
Referring to Fig. 3, the figure reflects the life cycle of two kinds of algorithm networks in the case where identical energy.From figure I
As can be seen that original APTEEN agreement cluster-dividing method 80 wheel left and right occur first death nodes, the present embodiment it is excellent
There is first death nodes in 150 wheel left and right in change method, and all dead in 600 wheel left and right nodes, this shows that this paper algorithm can
To extend the life cycle of network.
Referring to Fig. 4, the optimization method of the present embodiment consider cluster head choose when dump energy problem location problem and
Energy distribution equilibrium degree problem, transmission energy consumption significantly reduce, and rate of energy dissipation also obviously slows down.It can be seen that this implementation
Example can reduce energy consumption in network, and energy consumption is more balanced in network.
Embodiment 3
A kind of optimization device of wireless sensor network APTEEN Routing Protocol is present embodiments provided, which answers
With the optimization method of the wireless sensor network APTEEN Routing Protocol in embodiment 1.Wherein, the optimization device packet of the present embodiment
Model construction module, pre-clustering module and optimization cluster module are included, may also include energy model module.
Model construction module is used to construct the network model of wireless sensor network.Wherein, in wireless sensor network just
The identical multiple static nodes of random distribution primary power in square region.
Pre-clustering module for being divided in advance to cluster in wireless sensor network, and including cluster head number computing unit,
Average energy computing unit and cluster division unit.Cluster head number computing unit is for calculating cluster head in wireless sensor network
Number.It is surplus to calculate wireless sensor network interior joint for making base station according to the energy information of collection for average energy computing unit
Remaining average energy.Cluster division unit is used to choose node of the several dump energies of cluster head greater than average energy as pre-selection cluster
Head, and according to the cluster of pre-selection cluster head division wireless sensor network.
Optimization cluster module is used to optimize cluster in wireless sensor network, and more including initialization unit, iteration
New unit, fitness function value computing unit, judging unit one, individual extreme value updating unit, judging unit two, all extreme values are more
New unit, judging unit three and output unit.Initialization unit is used for random initializtion population, calculates fitness function
Value, and initialize individual extreme value and all extreme values.Iteration updating unit is displaced for iteration, the speed of more new particle and position.
Fitness function value computing unit is used to calculate the fitness function value of current particle.Judging unit one is for judging current particle
Fitness function value whether be greater than individual extreme value.Individual extreme value updating unit is used in the fitness function value in current particle
When greater than individual extreme value, more new individual extreme value.Judging unit two is used for the fitness function value in current particle no more than individual
After extreme value or individual extreme value update, judge whether individual extreme value is greater than all extreme values.All extreme value updating units are used in individual
When extreme value is greater than all extreme values, all extreme values are updated.Judging unit three is used to be not more than all extreme values or entirety in individual extreme value
After extreme value updates, judge whether current environment reaches preset iterated conditional or the number of iterations.Output unit is for working as front ring
When border reaches preset iterated conditional or the number of iterations, optimal solution is exported and using current particle as main cluster head.In current environment
When not up to preset iterated conditional or the number of iterations, iteration updating unit is also iterated displacement, the speed of more new particle and
Position.
Energy model module includes transmitting line, power amplification circuit and reception circuit.Wherein, k one-bit data signal
It is sent to power amplification circuit by transmitting line to amplify, amplified signal is sent to after certain distance transmits and connects
Receive circuit.Receive the ENERGY E of circuit consumptionRx(k) are as follows:
ERx(k)=Eelec×k
In formula, EelecFor energy consumed by the every receiving of wireless sensor network interior joint or transmission 1bit message.
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment provides a kind of terminals comprising memory, processor and storage are on a memory and can
The computer program run on a processor.Processor realizes the wireless sensor network APTEEN of embodiment 1 when executing program
The step of optimization method of Routing Protocol.
The method of embodiment 1 is such as designed to independently operated program in use, can be applied in the form of software,
On computer terminals, terminal can be computer, smart phone, control system and other internet of things equipment for installation
Deng.The method of embodiment 1 can also be designed to the program of embedded operation, and installation on computer terminals, is such as mounted on monolithic
On machine.
Embodiment 5
The present embodiment provides a kind of computer readable storage mediums, are stored thereon with computer program.Program is by processor
When execution, realize embodiment 1 wireless sensor network APTEEN Routing Protocol optimization method the step of.
The method of embodiment 1 is such as designed to computer-readable storage medium in use, can be applied in the form of software
Matter can independently operated program, computer readable storage medium can be USB flash disk, is designed to U-shield, be designed to by USB flash disk by outer
Start the program of entire method in triggering.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Made any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention within mind and principle.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of optimization method of wireless sensor network APTEEN Routing Protocol, which is characterized in that itself the following steps are included:
(1) network model of wireless sensor network is constructed；Wherein, random in square area in the wireless sensor network
It is distributed the identical multiple static nodes of primary power；
(2) pre-clustering, pre- point of method of cluster the following steps are included:
(2.1) cluster head number in wireless sensor network is calculated；
(2.2) make base station according to the energy information of collection, calculate the remaining average energy of the wireless sensor network interior joint
Amount；
(2.3) node of the several dump energies of cluster head greater than average energy is chosen as pre-selection cluster head, and according to described pre-
Cluster head is selected to divide the cluster of the wireless sensor network；
(3) optimize cluster, the optimization method of cluster the following steps are included:
Step S1, random initializtion population calculate fitness function value, and initialize individual extreme value and all extreme values；
Step S2, iteration displacement, the speed of more new particle and position；
Step S3 calculates the fitness function value of current particle；
Step S4, judges whether the fitness function value of current particle is greater than the individual extreme value；
When the fitness function value of the current particle is greater than the individual extreme value, step S5 is executed, updates the individual pole
Value；
After the fitness function value of the current particle is updated no more than the individual extreme value or the individual extreme value, step is executed
Rapid S6, judges whether the individual extreme value is greater than all extreme values；
When the individual extreme value is greater than all extreme values, step S7 is executed, updates all extreme values；
After the individual extreme value is updated no more than all extreme values or all extreme values, step S8 is executed, judgement is current
Whether environment reaches preset iterated conditional or the number of iterations；
When the current environment reaches preset iterated conditional or the number of iterations, step S9 is executed, exports optimal solution and by institute
Current particle is stated as main cluster head；
When the current environment is not up to preset iterated conditional or the number of iterations, step S2 is executed.
2. the optimization method of wireless sensor network APTEEN Routing Protocol as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described
The calculation formula of cluster head number are as follows:
In formula, koptFor the optimal cluster head number, M is the side length of the square area, and N is the static node number, dtoBS
For the distance of cluster head to aggregation node, εfsAnd εampFor the power amplification coefficient power amplification ratio under different condition, EelecFor the wireless sensor
Energy consumed by the every receiving of nodes or transmission 1bit message.
3. the optimization method of wireless sensor network APTEEN Routing Protocol as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described
The calculation formula of average energy are as follows:
In formula, EavgFor the remaining average energy of wireless sensor network interior joint, E (i) is the wireless sensor network
In i-th of node dump energy, n be the wireless sensor network interior joint number.
4. the optimization method of wireless sensor network APTEEN Routing Protocol as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that described
Preselect the selection formula of cluster head are as follows:
In formula, T (n) is the selected threshold of the pre-selection cluster head, and the optimum probability of cluster head is preselected described in p,For
Current wheel number of choosing was elected to the ratio that leader cluster node accounts for sensor node before, and G is that current wheel number of choosing was not elected to before
The sensor node set of leader cluster node, r are the wheel number chosen.
5. the optimization method of wireless sensor network APTEEN Routing Protocol as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that described
The calculation method of fitness function value the following steps are included:
(3.1) dump energy accounting f is calculated1；
(3.2) the geometrical mean f of transmission range is calculated2；
(3.3) calculate node balancing energy degree f3；
(3.4) the fitness function value f (i) is calculated；Wherein, the calculation formula of the fitness function value f (i) are as follows:
In formula, a, b, c are respectively the weighted value of fitness function impact factor.
6. the optimization method of wireless sensor network APTEEN Routing Protocol as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that described
Dump energy accounting f1Calculation formula are as follows:
The geometrical mean f of the transmission range2Calculation formula are as follows:
The node energy equilibrium degree f3Calculation formula are as follows:
Wherein, R (j) is European geometric distance of j-th of node to i-th of node.
7. the optimization method of wireless sensor network APTEEN Routing Protocol as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that weight
The value range of value a, b, c are [0,1], and a+b+c=1.
8. such as the optimization method for the wireless sensor network APTEEN Routing Protocol that claim 1 is stated, which is characterized in that the grain
The speed of particle and position are indicated by vector in subgroup, and speed splits into two vectors in x-axis and y-axis
Position splits into two vectors in x-axis and y-axisThe update of the speed of particle and position is public in the population
Formula is respectively as follows:
Wherein, xix∈{P1x,P2x,…,Pnx, xiy∈{P1y,P2y,…,Pny, PixFor the x-axis component of i-th of node in cluster, Piy
For the y-axis component of i-th of node in cluster.
9. a kind of optimization device of wireless sensor network APTEEN Routing Protocol, using any one in such as claim 1-8
The optimization method of wireless sensor network APTEEN Routing Protocol described in, characterized in that it comprises:
Model construction module is used to construct the network model of wireless sensor network；Wherein, in the wireless sensor network
The identical multiple static nodes of random distribution primary power in square area；
Pre-clustering module is used to divide cluster in the wireless sensor network in advance；The pre-clustering module includes cluster
Head number computing unit, average energy computing unit and cluster division unit；The cluster head number computing unit is wireless for calculating
Cluster head number in sensor network；The average energy computing unit is for making base station calculate institute according to the energy information of collection
State the remaining average energy of wireless sensor network interior joint；The cluster division unit is for choosing the several residual energies of the cluster head
Amount is greater than the node of average energy as pre-selection cluster head, and divides the wireless sensor network according to the pre-selection cluster head
Cluster；And
Optimize cluster module, is used to optimize cluster in the wireless sensor network；The optimization cluster module includes initial
Change unit, iteration updating unit, fitness function value computing unit, judging unit one, individual extreme value updating unit, judging unit
Two, all extreme value updating units, judging unit three and output unit；The initialization unit is used for random initializtion particle
Group calculates fitness function value, and initializes individual extreme value and all extreme values；The iteration updating unit is displaced for iteration,
The speed of more new particle and position；The fitness function value computing unit is used to calculate the fitness function value of current particle；
The judging unit one is for judging whether the fitness function value of current particle is greater than the individual extreme value；The individual extreme value
Updating unit is used for when the fitness function value in the current particle is greater than the individual extreme value, updates the individual pole
Value；The judging unit two is used for the fitness function value in the current particle no more than the individual extreme value or the individual
After extreme value updates, judge whether the individual extreme value is greater than all extreme values；The entirety extreme value updating unit is used in institute
When stating individual extreme value greater than all extreme values, all extreme values are updated；The judging unit three is used in the individual pole
After value is updated no more than all extreme values or all extreme values, judge current environment whether reach preset iterated conditional or
The number of iterations；The output unit is used for when the current environment reaches preset iterated conditional or the number of iterations, and output is most
It is excellent to solve and using the current particle as main cluster head；Preset iterated conditional or the number of iterations are not up in the current environment
When, the iteration updating unit is also iterated displacement, the speed of more new particle and position.
10. such as the optimization device for the wireless sensor network APTEEN Routing Protocol that claim 9 is stated, which is characterized in that described
Optimizing device further includes energy model module；The energy model module includes transmitting line, power amplification circuit and reception
Circuit；Wherein, k one-bit data signal is sent to the power amplification circuit by the transmitting line and amplifies, after amplification
Signal the reception circuit is sent to after certain distance transmits；The ENERGY E for receiving circuit consumptionRx(k) are as follows:
ERx(k)=Eelec×k
In formula, EelecFor energy consumed by the every receiving of the wireless sensor network interior joint or transmission 1bit message.
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