CN110492461B - Lightning protection structure of 10kV distribution transformer additionally provided with parallel gaps - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a lightning protection structure of a 10kV distribution transformer additionally provided with a parallel gap, which comprises the following components: in the front three-base tower of the 10kV distribution transformer, one circuit of the same base tower is only provided with a parallel gap in one phase, two parallel gaps of the left and right adjacent two base towers are respectively arranged in the other two phases of the three phases, and the front three-base adjacent tower is provided with a group of three parallel gaps in a matching way. The invention can achieve the effect of lightning overvoltage protection invading the distribution transformer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of lightning protection of 10kV power distribution networks and power distribution equipment, in particular to a lightning protection structure of a 10kV power distribution transformer additionally provided with a parallel gap.
Background
Since the insulation level of the distribution line is higher than that of the distribution equipment, the distribution transformer is an insulation weak link of the whole distribution network. Statistically, the main cause of damage to distribution transformers is due to the intrusion of lightning current into the distribution transformer along the line. When lightning waves invade a 10kV distribution line, the lightning overvoltage invasion of a high peak value can be allowed due to the fact that the insulation level of insulators of the distribution line is high, but the insulation level of a distribution transformer is relatively low, and the lightning overvoltage easily causes the distribution transformer to have insulation faults.
In order to prevent the damage of overvoltage wave to 10kV distribution transformer, the measures generally adopted at present are as follows: the high-low voltage side is additionally provided with an arrester, and a drop-out fuse is arranged in front of the high-voltage side arrester. The protection measures for the high-voltage side lightning arrester mainly include the adoption of a zinc oxide lightning arrester with a gap and the like.
In order to prevent the damage of overvoltage wave to 10kV distribution transformer, the measures generally adopted at present are as follows: the high-low voltage side is additionally provided with an arrester, and a drop-out fuse is arranged in front of the high-voltage side arrester. The high-voltage side lightning arrester is a main protection device for limiting lightning waves invading the distribution transformer along a 10kV distribution line, and the closer the lightning arrester is installed to the transformer, the better the protection effect is. However, when the distribution line is struck by lightning, the current amplitude of lightning intrusion waves is too large, so that the high-voltage side lightning arrester is overheated, accelerated aging and even direct explosion can be caused. The field operation experience shows that the failure rate of the high-voltage side lightning arrester of the 10kV distribution transformer is higher. Therefore, the high-voltage side lightning arrester is a weak link of lightning protection of the distribution transformer. The high-voltage side arrester is generally YH5WS-17/50 type, and the peak value of the nominal discharge current is 5 kA.
In order to protect the high-voltage side lightning arrester of a 10kV distribution transformer, zinc oxide lightning arresters with gaps are adopted in some areas. Gapped separation can not form the fault point that leads to because of the body trouble, and has greatly reduced the ageing rate of arrester body. But still can not play the limiting role to the overheated damage of arrester that the excessive voltage wave that the lightning stroke circuit produced.
In summary, in order to ensure the safe and stable operation of the 10kV distribution transformer and the high-voltage side arrester thereof, it is particularly important to take appropriate measures to limit the amplitudes of the inrush wave current and voltage, i.e., to adjust the insulation level difference between the distribution line and the distribution equipment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a lightning protection structure of a 10kV distribution transformer additionally provided with a parallel gap, which is used for solving the technical problem that the high-voltage side of the existing 10kV distribution transformer adopts a zinc oxide lightning arrester with a gap to limit the overheating damage of the lightning arrester caused by overvoltage waves generated by a lightning stroke line.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a install 10kV distribution transformer's of parallel gap lightning protection structure additional, includes:
in the front three-base tower of the 10kV distribution transformer, one circuit of the same base tower is only provided with a parallel gap in one phase, two parallel gaps of the left and right adjacent two base towers are respectively arranged in the other two phases of the three phases, and the front three-base adjacent tower is provided with a group of three parallel gaps in a matching way.
Preferably, the parallel gap is connected in parallel on the insulator or the insulator string and is composed of two electrodes, one electrode is arranged on the high-voltage side, the other electrode is arranged on the ground potential side, the gap distance of the parallel gap is smaller than the structure height of the insulator or the insulator string, the two electrodes are spherical electrodes made of stainless steel materials, and the two electrodes are arranged in a ball-to-ball gap mode.
Preferably, the front three adjacent towers are matched with one another to install a group of three parallel gaps according to any one of the following sequence:
the parallel gap between the first three basic pole towers of the 10kV distribution transformer and the pole tower farthest from the distribution transformer is arranged in the phase C, the parallel gap between the first three basic pole towers and the pole tower closest to the distribution transformer is arranged in the phase A, and the parallel gap between the middle pole tower is arranged in the phase B;
the parallel gap between the first three basic pole towers of the 10kV distribution transformer and the pole tower farthest from the distribution transformer is arranged in the phase B, the parallel gap between the first three basic pole towers and the pole tower closest to the distribution transformer is arranged in the phase A, and the parallel gap between the first three basic pole towers and the middle pole tower is arranged in the phase C.
Preferably, in the first three adjacent towers, the gap discharge voltages of the parallel gaps are respectively 90kV, 80kV and 70kV according to the sequence of the farthest tower, the middle tower and the nearest tower.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the lightning protection structure of the 10kV distribution transformer additionally provided with the parallel gap, the parallel gap can have a good limiting effect on overvoltage waves according to the installation structure of the lightning protection structure, and compared with other installation strategies, the amplitude of lightning current flowing through the lightning arrester during lightning stroke can be reduced to the minimum, so that the best effect is achieved.
In addition to the objects, features and advantages described above, other objects, features and advantages of the present invention are also provided. The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a lightning protection structure of a 10kV distribution transformer with a parallel gap according to a preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a simulation model of a 10kV distribution line according to a preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a simulation model diagram of the inductive lightning overvoltage of the preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the current waveform of an insulator flashover on a first tower base according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of voltage and current waveforms before reaching the transformer at a lightning current of 7.457kA in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph of voltage and current waveforms before reaching the transformer at a lightning current of 23.05kA in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph of voltage and current waveforms before reaching the transformer at a lightning current of 28.65kA in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph of the voltage and current waveforms to the front of the transformer when the front four-base mast is loaded with parallel gaps of equal gap voltage in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a current waveform diagram of the voltage and current waveforms before reaching the transformer when the first three bases are loaded with parallel gaps of the same gap voltage in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
The reference numerals in the figures denote:
1. 10kV distribution lines; 2. a distribution transformer; 3. a parallel gap.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings, but the invention can be implemented in many different ways as defined and covered by the claims.
Referring to fig. 1, the lightning protection structure of a 10kV distribution transformer with a parallel gap added in the invention comprises:
in the front three-base tower of the 10kV distribution transformer 2, one circuit of the same base tower is only provided with a parallel gap 3 in one phase, two parallel gaps 3 of the left and right adjacent two base towers are respectively arranged in the other two phases of the three phases, and the front three-base adjacent tower is provided with a group of three parallel gaps 3 in a matching way. Install parallelly connected clearance 3 additional is 10kV distribution lines 1's important lightning protection measure, can be through setting up parallelly connected clearance 3's mounting means and clearance distance, the difference of adjustment distribution lines and distribution transformer 2 between insulation level to play overvoltage protection's effect. The parallel gap 3 can play a good role in limiting overvoltage waves according to the mounting structure of the invention, and compared with other mounting strategies, the amplitude of lightning current flowing through the lightning arrester during lightning stroke can be reduced to the minimum, so that the best effect is achieved.
In this embodiment, the front three adjacent towers are preferably provided with a group of three parallel gaps 3 in any one of the following order:
the parallel gap 3 of the tower farthest from the distribution transformer 2 in the front three-base tower of the 10kV distribution transformer 2 is arranged in the phase C, the parallel gap 3 of the tower nearest to the distribution transformer 2 is arranged in the phase A, and the parallel gap 3 of the middle tower is arranged in the phase B;
the parallel gap 3 of the tower farthest from the distribution transformer 2 in the front three-base tower of the 10kV distribution transformer is arranged in the phase B, the parallel gap 3 of the tower nearest to the distribution transformer 2 is arranged in the phase A, and the parallel gap 3 of the middle tower is arranged in the phase C.
In the front three adjacent towers, the gap discharge voltage of the parallel gap is preferably set to be 90kV, 80kV and 70kV according to the sequence of the farthest tower, the middle tower and the nearest tower.
In the embodiment, the parallel gap is connected in parallel on the insulator or the insulator string and is composed of two electrodes, one electrode is arranged on the high-voltage side, the other electrode is arranged on the ground potential side, the gap distance of the parallel gap is smaller than the structural height of the insulator or the insulator string, the two electrodes are spherical electrodes made of stainless steel materials, and the two electrodes are arranged in a ball-to-ball gap mode.
The following simulations were used to verify the effect of the structure of the invention:
1. a10 kV distribution line simulation model (which can also be realized by simulation software such as PSCAD) is built in the ATP-EMPT, as shown in FIG. 2. The insulation flashover model and the gap model are simplified to be replaced by a voltage-controlled switch, and 50% of the impact breakdown voltage on the insulator is 139.78 kV. The 10kV distribution line conductor selects a typical steel-cored aluminum strand, the conductor model is LGJ-120/20, and the conductor model in EMTP selects a JMARTI model capable of reflecting the frequency characteristics in LCC, and the specific parameters are shown in the table 1.
Lead parameter of meter 110 kV distribution line
2. And testing the mounting position of the parallel gap and the limiting effect of the discharge voltage on the lightning invasion wave.
The reason for tripping 10kV distribution lines is interphase short circuit, and single-phase earth fault allows live operation for a certain time. Thus, for a 10kV distribution line, three different typical cases of intrusion of lightning waves along the line are set:
case 1: when the tower is struck by lightning, the insulator generates one-phase flashover, and two-phase flashover is just not generated;
case 2: when the induced lightning overvoltage is generated on the line, the three-phase insulator just does not have flashover;
case 3: when the inductive lightning overvoltage is generated on the circuit, the insulator generates one-phase flashover, and two-phase flashover is just not generated.
When the front end of the high-voltage side lightning arrester of the 2.110 kV distribution transformer is not additionally provided with a parallel gap:
2.1.1 maximum lightning overvoltage and overcurrent amplitude at case 1.
In order to measure the maximum lightning current amplitude reaching the high-voltage side arrester, according to the simulation model shown in fig. 2, a plurality of base tower positions at the front end of the transformer are selected as lightning strike points, the lightning current amplitude is changed for a plurality of times, and when two-phase discharge does not happen to a certain base tower, the overvoltage and overcurrent amplitudes at the tail end of the line (before distribution transformation) are recorded.
Simulation results show that the amplitude of overvoltage and overcurrent at the end of the line is higher as the lightning strike point is closer to the distribution transformer. In order to obtain the maximum amplitude of lightning overvoltage and overcurrent under the condition, the first base tower before distribution transformation is selected as a lightning stroke point, when the lightning current is increased to 7.457kA, the insulator generates C-phase flashover and just does not generate two-phase flashover, and the flashover current of the first base tower insulator is shown in figure 4. And the voltage and current at the time of reaching the transformer are shown in fig. 5(a) and 5(b), respectively. As can be seen from fig. 5, when the lightning strike point is only 1 base tower from the distribution transformer, the maximum lightning current amplitude when the lightning wave intruding along the line after the insulator flashover reaches the distribution transformer is 4kA, and the voltage is 40kV (the C phase has the maximum value). The value is still less than the nominal current of the high-voltage side arrester, the amplitude of the overvoltage is not high, and the arrester can not be generally failed.
3.1.2 maximum lightning overvoltage and overcurrent amplitude at case 2.
The lightning current module shown in fig. 3 is connected to a plurality of base towers before distribution transformation, and the amplitude of the lightning current is adjusted to obtain the maximum overcurrent and overvoltage amplitude of the front-end line of the distribution transformation when no three-phase insulator of the line is in flashover.
Through simulation calculation, when a line close to the fourth base tower of the transformer is selected as a lightning current induction point, the amplitude of the lightning current is changed, and it is obtained that when the amplitude of the lightning current is about 23.05kA, flashover of the three-phase insulator just cannot occur, and the voltage and the current reaching the transformer are shown in fig. 6(a) and fig. 6 (b). As can be seen from fig. 6, when the lightning strike point is at the 4 th base tower from the distribution transformer, although the insulator is just not in flashover, the maximum lightning current amplitude when the lightning wave intruding along the line reaches the distribution transformer is 5kA, and the voltage is about 70kV (phase a has the maximum value, the same applies below).
When the lightning strike point is closer to the transformer, the amplitude of the overvoltage and the overcurrent can be increased continuously, the amplitude of the lightning current can exceed 5kA, and the lightning arrester can be overheated to cause damage and even explosion.
2.1.3 maximum over-voltage and over-current magnitudes at case 3.
The lightning current module shown in fig. 3 is connected to a plurality of base towers before distribution and transformation, and the amplitude of the lightning current is adjusted, so that the amplitude of the maximum overcurrent and overvoltage of the distribution and transformation front-end line can be obtained when one-phase flashover happens to the line insulator and two-phase flashover does not happen.
Through simulation calculation, a line close to the fourth base tower of the transformer is used as an induction point of lightning current, and different lightning current amplitudes are set, so that when the lightning current is 28.65kA, one-phase flashover exists on the insulator and two-phase flashover does not happen, and the voltage value and the current value when the voltage value and the current value reach the transformer are shown in fig. 7(a) and 7 (b). As can be seen from fig. 7, the maximum lightning current amplitude when the lightning wave intruding along the line after the insulator flashover reaches the distribution transformer is about 5.7kA, and the voltage is about 86.2 kV. As the lightning strike point is closer to the transformer, the magnitude of both the over-voltage and over-current will continue to increase. This situation may also lead to overheating damage and even explosion of the arrester.
By combining the above 3 situations, it can be known that the 2 nd and 3 rd situations are that when induced overvoltage is generated on the line at the 4 th base tower, and when overvoltage wave propagates to the high-voltage side arrester, the amplitude value exceeds the nominal current of the arrester, which may cause the arrester to be damaged. In the case of the 3 rd case, the amplitude of the overvoltage wave before reaching the distribution transformation is the highest, which is the most serious case. Therefore, mainly aiming at the 3 rd condition, namely under the condition of inducing the maximum overvoltage wave without interphase discharge under the lightning overvoltage, the amplitude of the overvoltage and the overcurrent is limited by adopting a method of additionally arranging a parallel gap so as to protect the normal operation of the lightning arrester and the transformer.
A parallel gap is applied to the front end of a high-voltage side lightning arrester of the 2.210 kV distribution transformer.
According to simulation results, in case 3, when the sensing point of the lightning overvoltage is located on the 4 th base tower before distribution transformation, the overcurrent amplitude of the line at the front end of the distribution transformation exceeds 5 kA. The front 4-base tower is required to be additionally provided with a parallel gap so as to limit the amplitude of an overvoltage wave.
a. And 4. the 4 th base rod tower is additionally provided with the influence of the parallel gap on the lightning protection effect.
Because the parallel gap adopts single-phase installation mode, join in marriage 3 base mast towers before the transformer and can install a set ofly, verified at first that 4 th base mast tower installs the influence of parallel gap additional before joining in marriage the transformer to the protective effect. According to the single-phase application method of the parallel gap, the side close to the transformer is sequentially provided with a No. 1 tower, a No. 2 tower and the like.
TABLE 3 application of parallel gap
The voltage value and the current value before reaching the transformer are obtained by simulation as shown in fig. 8(a) and 8 (b). As can be seen from fig. 8, after the parallel gap is added to the insulator, the maximum lightning current amplitude when the lightning wave intruding along the line reaches the distribution transformer is 5.7kA, and the voltage amplitude is 86.2 kV.
b. The front 3 base rod towers are additionally provided with parallel gaps.
When the front 3 base rod towers are additionally provided with single-phase parallel gaps, the tower is called an installation mode 2. As three-phase conductors in the tower model are asymmetrically arranged, the tower types of 3, 2 and 1 are different in additional phase according to the tower type before distribution transformation, and can be divided into C-B-A, B-C-A, C-A-B, A-C-B, A-B-C and B-A-C6. When the discharge voltage of the gap is set to 90kV, the simulation results of the overvoltage and overcurrent on the line before distribution are shown in fig. 9(a) and 9(B) by taking the C-B-a application manner of the parallel gap as an example. In the same way, 6 sets of different gap application modes were calculated by simulation, and the voltage value and the current value before reaching the transformer were obtained as shown in table 4.
TABLE 4 Voltage and Current before reaching the Transformer with the same gap Voltage
As can be seen from Table 4, when the front 3 base towers were equipped with parallel gaps in the manner of C-B-A, B-C-A, C-A-B, A-C-B, A-B-C and B-A-C6, in case 3, the maximum lightning current amplitude when the lightning waves intruding along the line reached the distribution transformer was 5.7kA, and the voltage amplitude was 86.2 kV.
With reference to fig. 9 and table 4, after a group of parallel gaps is installed in the 3 th base tower before distribution transformation, whether the 4 th base tower is installed with the parallel gap has no influence on the voltage and current values before reaching the transformer, and therefore, the 4 th base tower may not be installed with the parallel gap. And the parallel gap of the same discharge voltage is added to the different phases of the front 3 base-pole towers, so that the voltage and the current before reaching the transformer are not influenced.
According to 6 parallel gap installation modes, different gap discharge voltages are set so as to further adjust the overcurrent amplitude of the tail end (before distribution). Through adjusting the discharge voltage value of the gap for multiple times, the gap discharge voltage is finally set to be 90kV on the No. 3 tower, 80kV on the No. 2 tower and 70kV on the No. 1 tower respectively. In case 3, the voltage values and current values before reaching the transformer were obtained as shown in table 5.
TABLE 5 Voltage and Current before reaching the Transformer when different gap voltages were applied
As can be seen from Table 5, the first and second groups of application patterns (C-B-A and B-C-A) are the most preferred of the six groups, and the overvoltage can be limited to 81.3kV, and the line termination voltage drops by 5.7% compared with the case where no gap is provided; the overcurrent was limited to 4.77kA and the line termination current was reduced by 16.3% compared to the case without the gap. Similarly, it can be found that, in the case of the lightning intrusion mode of the case 3, compared with the installation method of the equal gap (setting the same gap discharge voltage), the lightning protection effect is better when the parallel gap with different discharge voltages is additionally installed.
In summary, the invention only adds one phase (the same circuit) to each base of 3 base towers before distribution transformation, and respectively adds the phase to C (farthest tower) -B-A phase or B (farthest tower) -C-A phase, and the gap discharge voltage is 90kV, 80kV and 70kV respectively, so that the optimal lightning overvoltage protection effect invading the distribution transformer can be achieved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The utility model provides a install 10kV distribution transformer's of parallel gap lightning protection structure additional which characterized in that includes:
in the front three-base tower of the 10kV distribution transformer, one circuit of the same base tower is only provided with a parallel gap in one phase, two parallel gaps of the left and right adjacent two base towers are respectively arranged in the other two phases of the three phases, and the front three-base adjacent tower is provided with a group of three parallel gaps in a matching way;
in the front three adjacent towers, the gap discharge voltage of the parallel gap is respectively 90kV, 80kV and 70kV according to the sequence of the farthest tower, the middle tower and the nearest tower.
2. The lightning protection structure of a 10kV distribution transformer with a parallel gap as claimed in claim 1, wherein the parallel gap is connected in parallel to an insulator or an insulator string and is formed by two electrodes, one electrode is installed on a high voltage side and the other electrode is installed on a ground potential side, the gap distance of the parallel gap is smaller than the structural height of the insulator or the insulator string, the two electrodes are both spherical electrodes made of stainless steel materials, and the two electrodes are installed in a ball-to-ball gap.
3. The lightning protection structure of a 10kV distribution transformer with added parallel gaps as claimed in claim 1, wherein the front three adjacent towers are cooperatively equipped with a set of three parallel gaps in any one of the following orders:
the parallel gap between the first three basic pole towers of the 10kV distribution transformer and the pole tower farthest from the distribution transformer is arranged in the phase C, the parallel gap between the first three basic pole towers and the pole tower closest to the distribution transformer is arranged in the phase A, and the parallel gap between the middle pole tower is arranged in the phase B;
the parallel gap between the front three base pole towers of the 10kV distribution transformer and the pole tower farthest from the distribution transformer is arranged in the phase B, the parallel gap between the front three base pole towers and the pole tower closest to the distribution transformer is arranged in the phase A, and the parallel gap between the middle pole tower is arranged in the phase C.
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